(新高考)高考英语二轮复习热点04 语法填空专练（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

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热点04 语法填空

【命题趋势】
在一篇200左右词的短文中留出十个空白，所设空白分有词填空和无词填空二种。有词填空题考查：时态、语态、形容词或副词的级、非谓语动词和简单构词法。无词填空考查：代词、冠词、连词、介词和情态动词。要求考生根据空白所在句的句式结构及句子间的逻辑关系，用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填写，以便使短文准确无误。本题型主要考查考生在文章中正确使用英语语法知识的能力。
【满分技巧】
答题原则：以句子为单位来考虑含有空白的句子。答不出时，再考虑设空所在句与前句或后句的关系。
A. 有词填空题
这类题在一个设空处可填一至三个词，其中考查最多、最难的是用动词的正确形式填空。这包含对时态、语态、非谓语动词及构词法知识的考查。首先要确定该空应该使用谓语动词(时态、语态、)还是用非谓语动词。规律是：每个句子(从第一个词到句号或叹号算作一个句子)都遵循这个等式：谓语数-1=连词数。其中一个破折号(若后面是句子)、分号、冒号算作一个连词；连接并列成分的连词，承接上文的连词，以及 when、if、though与非谓语动词连用时的不计数。在填含有已给动词的空白时，依据已知的谓语动词和连词的数量所构成的等式来判断。若左边(前面)再加1等式才成立，需要填谓语动词；若相等，需要填非谓语动词(详见下列《技巧应用》)
B. 无词填空题
这类题一个空白只许填一个词，其中考查最多、最难的是填从属连词。判断是否填连词的方法也是根据上述等式(遇到难句、长句、复杂句，才使用)来考虑：即, 若右边(后面)再加1等式才成立, 需要填连词。
考查代词、冠词、连词、介词、形容词或副词的级和情态动词的填空题相对较简单。将在《技巧应用》或《限时检测》中详述。
【热点话题】阅读、健康、运动、社会热点、垃圾分类、文化介绍等

英语语法填空高考考点整理
一、 从句引导词
1定语从句
(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759. (which/that 本句考查定语从句)
（2019全国2卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， she opened with her late husband Les. （which 非限制性定语从句）
（2018全国1卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_____showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.（that/which 定语从句，指物，在从句中做主语故用关系代词）
（2018全国2卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government stared a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.（that/which 定语从句，指物，在从句中做主语故用关系代词）
（2017全国1卷）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.（which 非限制性定语从句）
（2016全国1卷）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter...（when 非限制性定语从句，先行词是时间，在从句中做时间状语）
2宾语从句
(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57． could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
（what 考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。）
（2015全国2卷）As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly___thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.（how 引导宾语从句）
3同位语从句
（2019全国1卷）While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.（that 同位语从句）
二、 谓语动词的的变式
1时态
(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) New methods 65． (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.(meant 句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。)
(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) By about 6000 BC，people 61 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. (had discovered 句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.)
(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759. （formed 句子中有明确的过去时间状语，因此谓语部分用过去时）
（2019全国1卷） In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.（have reported 现在完成时，标志是in recent years）
（2019全国2卷）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene （declare） she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. （declared 一般过去时）
（2019全国2卷） I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 （make） over the years.（have made 现在完成时，标志是over the years）
（2018全国1卷） While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it ___(be)more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.（is 一般现在时）
（2018全国2卷）Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.（has grown 现在完成时，标志是since）
（2018全国2卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.（started 一般过去时，标志为过去时间点2005年）
（2017全国2卷） Later, engineers ______(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube.（managed 根据全文时态判定为一般过去时）
（2016全国2卷）It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.（make 祈使句用动词原形）
2语态（主被动）
(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need).( was needed句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。)
(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）) The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms. (are called 本句考查一般现在时的被动语态)
（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.（to care 这个是主动形式表示被动含义，本句中与谓语部分的形容词有关）
（2017全国1卷）When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.（are removed 主语是fat and salt，be动词是复数形式，被动表示脂肪和糖从食物中被除去）
（2017全国2卷）Steam engines _____(use) to pull the carriages...（were used 根据全文判定时态为一般过去时，根据主语engines判定为复数，被动表示蒸汽引擎被用于...）
（2016全国1卷） I______（arrow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.（was allowed 首先文章是一般过去时的记叙文，其次我是单数，被允许为被动语态）
3主谓一致
(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41． (be) on display. （ is 主语是collcetion 为单数，谓语也用单数）
（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 (carry) special significance.（carries 表语从句的主语是decorating 由介词with引导的词语不是主语，谓语动词与with等介词前面的主语保持一致）
（2019全国1卷）three are declining, six (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. （are 主语six指发现的六个企鹅种群，为复数）
（2017全国1卷）Fast food (be) full of fat and salt;（is food是不可数名词，be动词用单数）
（2016全国2卷） Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.（is 动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数）
4非谓语的变化（不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词）
(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) Later，they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63． (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.( making 句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。)
(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60．(change) lives.( to change 句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。)
(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43 (walk)through a rainforest. (walking 现在分词作宾语补足语，表示正在进行的动作)
（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.(decorated 过去分词作后置定语修饰宾语them)
（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.（coming 本句的谓语动词是represent ，coming 是现在分词作后置定语修饰宾语earth）
（2019全国1卷）Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.（to perform 考查动词不定式，本句本句为主系表结构，后跟动词不定式作状语。）
（2019全国1卷）Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.（noting 现在分词作介词宾语）
（2019全国2卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded”Woman Of The Year”for （be）Britain’s oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. （being 现在分词作介词宾语）
（2019全国2卷）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene declared she had no plans （retire） from her 36-year-old business. （to retire）
（2019全国2卷）When we got a call （say）she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke. （saying 现在分词作后置定语，主动）
（2018全国1卷）You don’t have to run fast or for long ___(see) the benefit.（to see 动词不定式作非谓语表目的）
（2018全国1卷）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___(die) early by running. （dying 动名词作介词宾语）
（2018全国2卷）The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality.（to improve 动词不定式作非谓语表目的）
（2018全国2卷）China’s approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.（feeding ）
（2017全国1卷）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.（to process 动词不定式作宾语，be required to do sth.被要求做某事）
（2017全国1卷）by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.（eating 动名词作介词宾语）
（2017全国2卷）This included digging up the road, _____(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.（laying 动名词作included的宾语，也可根据digging up和building判定）
（2016全国1卷）I was the first Western TV reporter_____ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.（permitted 过去分词作后置定语，表被动）
（2016全国1卷）My ambassadorial duties will include _____(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. （introducing 动名词作宾语）
（2016全国2卷）If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely (bring) your work home.（to bring 动词不定式，可能做某事is likely to...）
（2015全国1卷）A study of travelers___(conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.（conducted 过去分词作后置定语，表被动）
三、 虚词
1介词
(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56． ，through agriculture. ( in 句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。)
(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）) Museums must compete 45．people’s spare time and money with other amusements. （ for 句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了……竞争”。故填 for。 ）
（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）Bamboo plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home. (with 本题考查介词的搭配方法 与…有联系)
（2019全国1卷）Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.（of/for 介词搭配，...的方法）
（2017全国1卷）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease.（as 作为）
（2017全国2卷）as they travelled to and work.（from 和to对应，表示人们上下班）
（2016全国1卷）But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,（to 回到，追溯到go back to）
（2016全国2卷）Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. （on 专注于...focus on...）
2连词
(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) Farming produced more food per person 58． hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. ( than 句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more… than，意为 “比……更” 故填than。)
(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）) They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. ( or 连词，表示选择性)
（2019全国2卷）I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to.（but 转折连词，not...but... 不是...而是...）
（2018全国1卷）While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.（than 比较连词，因前面出现比较级more effective）
（2018全国2卷）Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.（than 比较连词，因前面出现比较级less water）
（2016全国2卷）So, get an early start and try to be as productive possible before lunch.（as...as...）
3冠词
(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) Then，with 64． rise of science，changes began.(the 句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。)
（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）The plum trees are 70 first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). （the 序数词前用定冠词）
（2019全国1卷）Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining...（the 特指已发现的19个企鹅亚种群）
（2019全国2卷）When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was joke.（a 不定冠词，一个玩笑）
（2018全国2卷）Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.（the）
（2017全国1卷）As result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.（a as a result作为结果，固定搭配）
（2017全国2卷）This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over____ top.（the 在什么顶上）
（2016全国1卷）while one is being bottle-fed, _____ other is with mum-she never suspects.（the 两者中的另一个，one...the other...）
（2016全国2卷）Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while （a 一会儿 for a while）
四、 实词（谓语动词已单列）
1名词
(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) Later，they learned to work with the 62． (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， making (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.( seasons 句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。)
(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）) Historical 44． (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 高考（accuracy 形容词变名词，其作句子的主语）
（2020年全国卷Ⅱ）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.（celebration动词变名词作表语）
（2019全国1卷） In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.（belief 动词变名词作宾语）
（2018全国1卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _____（cause）.（causes 可数名词单数变复数，因为有all修饰）
（2018全国1卷）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _____(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. （strengthen 名词变动词）
（2018全国2卷）This switch has decreased (pollute)in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.（pollution 动词变名词作宾语）
（2017全国1卷）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease.（effects 可数名词单数变复数，因为有some修饰）
（2017全国2卷）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ____(crowd) on the roads above...（crowds）
（2017全国2卷）This development was only possible with the _____ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.（introduction 动词变名词，表示电动引擎和电梯的引进）
（2016全国1卷）But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract).（attraction 动词变名词，top是形容词，修饰名词）
（2016全国1卷）The nursery team switches him every few ____(day) with his sister... （days 可数名词有few修饰用复数）
（2016全国2卷）Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve). （achievement 成就感）
（2016全国2卷）Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work...（studies 根据谓语动词show可知主语为名词复数）
2代词
(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42． (they) living at a different time in history. (themselves 反身代词作谓语动词的宾语)
（2018全国1卷）If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give____ a try.（it 指代running，作宾语）
（2017全国2卷）However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_____ every day.（it 代指前文的the railway，作宾语）
（2016全国1卷）On mu recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ______ (it) mother. （its 首先代指上文twin，其次修饰mother，用形容词性物主代词）
3形容词
（2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)）In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36． (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.（ wealthy 名词变形容词作定语）
2020年全国Ⅱ卷）The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.（beautiful名词变形容词）
（2019全国1卷）...leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are (high) than they actually are.（higher 形容词比较级，标志是than）
（2019全国2卷）We are so proud of her. It’s (wonder). （wonderful 名词变形容词）
（2018全国1卷）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____(long) than non-runners.（longer 形容词比较级，标志是than）
（2018全国1卷）Running is cheap, easy and it’s always____(energy).（energetic 名词变形容词作表语）
（2018全国2卷）According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.（global 名词变形容词作定语）
（2017全国1卷）Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. （worse 根据上下文和even确定用比较级，表示比上文情况更糟糕的是...）
（2017全国1卷）However, be (care) not to go to extremes.（careful be动词后跟形容词作表语）
（2017全国2卷）The central London Railway was one of the most ______(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.（successful 名词变形容词作定语修饰lines，且前面有形容词高级的标志 the most ）
（2016全国2卷）If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of (great)and less importance. （greater 形容词比较级，跟less相对）
4副词
（2020年全国Ⅱ卷） (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.（certainly形容词变副词）
（2019全国1卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied; （poorly 形容词变副词）
（2019全国2卷）Her years of hard work have （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. （finally 形容词变副词）
（2018全国2卷）A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change.（actually 形容词变副词）
（2017全国2卷）and it must have been_____(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.（fairly 副词修饰形容词unpleasant，相当地）
（2016全国1卷）The title will be _____ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.（officially 副词修饰动词）
（2016全国2卷）...we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular).（regularly 形容词变副词修饰动词）
语法填空近五年高考真题
A
（2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ)）
话题：中国新年的装饰品
难度：★★
建议用时：10分
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 61． (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62． (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63． (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 64． decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65． (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66． (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67． health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68． (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69． (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70． first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
B
（2020年浙江省高考英语试卷（7月））
话题：人类如何征服世界
难度：★★
建议用时：10分
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___56___ ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ___57___ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person ___58___ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food ___59___(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ___60___(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC，people ___61___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the ___62___ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， ___63___ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with ___64___ rise of science，changes began. New methods _____65_____ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
C
（2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷））
话题：人类如何征服世界
难度：★★
建议用时：10分
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___36___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___37___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___38___ (form) the core collection of the British Museum ___39___ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ___40___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ___41___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ___42___ (they) living at a different time in history or ___43___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___44___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ____45____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
D
（2019全国1卷）
话题：介绍北极圈的北极熊
难度：★★
建议用时：10分
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
E
（2019全国2卷）
话题：介绍一位90岁的英国职员
难度：★★
建议用时：10分
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for 61 （be）Britain’s oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene 64 （declare） she had no plans 65 （retire） from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 （make） over the years. I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68 （say）she was short-listed，we thought it was 69 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s 70 (wonder）.”
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
F
（2018全国1卷）
话题：介绍运动员能够活的更长久的原因
难度：★★
建议用时：10分
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __61__(long) than non-runners, You don’t have to run fast or for long _62__(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _63__(die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it _64___(be)more effective at lengthening life _65__ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014__66___showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __67___（cause）.
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___68__(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always_69___(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give_70_ a try.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
G
（2018全国2卷）
话题：介绍中国饮食的变化
难度：★★
建议用时：10分
Diets have changed in china-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥)runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute)in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
H
（2017全国1卷）
话题：介绍饮食的潮流的变化
难度：★★
建议用时：10分
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
I
（2017全国2卷）
话题：介绍全世界第一个地铁
难度：★★
建议用时：10分
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ___67__ every day.
Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
J
（2016全国1卷）
话题：介绍成都
难度：★★
建议用时：10分
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ____61_(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I _____62_（arrow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter __66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On mu recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
K
（2016全国2卷）
话题：如何处理工作中的压力
难度：★★
建议用时：10分
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of 61 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 70 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.