(备考)高考英语学霸笔记专题01 名词

专题01 名词-高考学霸笔记1.名词单复数不规则：① child-children; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; man-men② 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词，bus, watch, box, glass, match, brush, dish③ 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加es【练一练】(1) 【2018浙江】Making Chinese _____ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2) 【2016全国卷II】Recent ______ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(3) The most important thing a father can do for his ________(child) is to love their mother.(4) 【2020高一上·绥化月考】Officials in the city of Linhai, near Taizhou, said on Sunday that the typhoon had caused the worst flooding there in the 70-year history of the People's Republic of China, with water levels as high as 36 ________(foot) causing major power failures.【参考答案】dishes; studies; children; feet; 2. 冠词+名词① h开头：hour, honest, honor② university, united, union③ useful, usual④ European⑤ one-eyed; one-way; one-stop 【考点一】序数词前选the【2020年全国卷II】The plum trees are 70._____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). 【考点二】of后选the表特定范围（含最高级）【2019年全国卷I】Of ____ nineteen recognized polar bear sub-populations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【2014年全国卷I】Now, years later, this river is one of ____ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. 【考点三】空后仅单个名词【2019年全国卷II】 When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was ______ joke. 【考点四】方位名词前加the【2018年全国卷III】Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ______ top of her lungs.【2017年全国卷II】This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over _____ top. 【考点五】as后a/an【2017年全国卷I】As ______ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.【2017年全国卷III】Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as _____ model in New York. 【考点六】a/an+adj.+n（2021·浙江杭州四中高三开学考试）Tea is a wonderful drink originally produced in China about 4,000 years ago, which is ______ important contribution of the Chinese people to the world. 【考点七】其他（固定搭配）【2018年全国卷II】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _____ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.【2016年全国卷I】The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ______ other is with mum-she never suspects.【2016年全国卷II】Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _____ while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.【2015年全国卷II】The adobe dwellings (土坯房）built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ____ most modern of architects and engineers. 单句改错【考点一】前文提及选the【2020年全国卷I】After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.【2017年全国卷III】Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time, car magazines and musical instruments.【2015年全国卷II】A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. 【考点二】量词选a/an【2020年全国卷III】For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. 【考点三】可数名词单数前加a/an【2019年全国卷I】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me. 【考点四】a和an之间的互换【2019年全国卷III】Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.【2017年全国卷II】They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. 【考点五】country/countryside/world前加the【2018年全国卷I】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.【2016年全国卷II】But in that case, we will learn little about world.【2015年全国卷I】Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. 【考点六】as后冠词的选择【2018年全国卷II】As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me.【2014年全国卷I】As result, the plants are growing somewhere. 【考点七】序数词前选the【2017年全国卷I】I still remember how hard first day was. 【考点八】其他（固定搭配）【2016年全国卷I】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.【2016年全国卷III】At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.【2014年全国卷II】There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.  3.名词常见后缀① ment: equipment (equip), environment, government, movement (move), achievement (achieve), management (manage), agreement (agree), development (develop), excitement (excite)② ness: happiness (happy), kindness (kind), awareness (aware), business (busy), laziness (lazy), calmness (calm)③ ty: activity (active), honesty (honest), ability (able), curiosity (curious), security (secure), popularity (popular)④ tion: action (act), education (educate), organization (organize), satisfaction (satisfy)⑤ er: teacher, driver, leader⑥ ist: scientist, artist, tourist【练一练】(1) 【2015全国卷II】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to "air condition" a house without using electric ______ (equip).(2) 【2020湖南、河南、江西3月线上联考】Accidents can happen, so it is important to think about your _______ (secure) before you go and while you are there.(3) 【2018黑龙江佳木斯一中调研五】Yet over the years, its ______ (popular) faded away.(4) 【2020湘赣皖十五校下学期一次联考】From making paper to weaving cloth, from making a silk quilt to building her own bread oven with blocks, nothing seems impossible with Li’s crafty hands as they work their magic to bring these things into ______ (exist).(5) 【2020云南昆明三诊一模教学质检】She said the purpose of the dress was to build _______ (excite) about art.(6) 【2020新高考I】Historical ______ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.(7) 【2019黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模】 In such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest _______ (satisfy) from pride in a job well done.(8) 【2020全国卷III】Filled with ______ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 4.名词复数提示词① 数词, a number of, various, all kinds of, a variety of, one of, these, those, a couple of, a dozen of, dozens of, a handful of② 谓语动词为are, were, have时，名词用复数 5.常见不可数名词air, news, information, progress, advice, food, work, experience（经验不可数，经历可数）, paper, knowledgeinformation不可数；message可数advice不可数；suggestion可数 【综合练习】 【考点一】adj.→n.(2020全国卷I)The far side of the moon is of particular _____ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山).(2020全国卷Ⅲ)Filled with  _____  (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.(2015全国卷II)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _____ (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.(2020高一下·淮南期末改编-含形容词考点) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。    There is some good news for the environment. The British government has banned the use of plastic particles (微粒) in cosmetics (化妆品) and other personal care products.    Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles are used mostly in cosmetics production, face washes, toothpastes and other products. When we use these things, the plastic microbeads get into our pipes that carry water, and ________ (eventual) end up in the ocean. Plastic in the ocean puts fish and plants in danger, and even causes them to die.    ________ (official)say that the ban will prevent water pollution and in the meantime help with the protection of ocean life. "The ban will stop billions of pieces of plastic entering our ecosystem, thus helping to conserve our precious seas and oceans, "Former Prime Minister Theresa May ever wrote on Twitter.    Therese Coffey, then the Environment Minister of the UK, said, "The world's seas and oceans are some of our most ________(value) natural things. And what we do now is to deal with the plastic that causes great damage to our sea life. "He also added, "______ (actual), the amount of natural green things that we can take advantage of to make personal care products is huge, and therefore the use of plastic microbeads should be abandoned.” 【考点二】v.→n.(2020全国卷II)Chinese New Year is a  _____  (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.(2019全国卷I)...leading to a _____ (believe) that populations are increasing.(2019全国卷Ⅲ)...they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting  _____ (compete)to watch, ...(2018全国卷II)This switch has decreased _____ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(2017全国卷III)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her _______ (educate).(2016全国卷I)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _____ (attract).(2016全国卷II)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of _____ (achieve).(2016全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the _____ (develop) of chopsticks.(2020高一下·宿迁期末改编) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。    Have you ever heard thunder during a big snowstorm? If so, you've experienced an ________(extreme) rare weather occurrence.The things necessary for thundersnow are so uncommon ________it's reported that only 0.07 percent of snowstorms are linked with thunder. This explains the excited ________(react) from the witness to a recent thundersnow. Thundersnow-when thunder and lightning occur during a snowstorm-is most likely to happen during late winter or early spring when a mass of cold air meets warm air near the ground.    Thundersnow is most common in the Midwest, the Great Lakes and along coasts where moisture(水汽) from warm water can easily evaporate(蒸发) into the colder, drier air above. Some of the places that most frequently report the rare weather event ________(be) Wolf Creek Pass, Colorado; Bozeman, Montana; and the shores of Lake Ontario. 【考点三】名词复数(2020浙江)Later, they learned to work with the  _____  (season).(2018全国卷I)...a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _____ (cause).(2017全国卷I)... has had some unintended side _____ (effect)such as overweight and heart disease.(2017全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several _____ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2016全国卷I)The nursery team switches him every few _____ (day) with his sister.(2016全国卷II) Recent _____ (study)show that we are far more productive at work.(2015全国卷I) I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _____ (painting).(2014全国卷I)For most of us, the _____ (change) are gradual. 单句短文改错(高考)【考点一】可数名词单复数(2020全国卷I)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. (2020全国卷II)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.(2020全国卷III)My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families.(2018全国卷I)Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.(2018全国卷II)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.(2018全国卷III)The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.(2017全国卷I)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”(2016全国卷III)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.(2015全国卷II)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. 【考点二】不可数名词(2017全国卷II)Beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet.(2016全国卷II)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.(2015全国卷I)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 【考点三】adj.→n.(2019全国卷I)To everyone's surprising, the ball went into the net. (2016全国卷I)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. 【考点四】名词所有格(2018全国II)When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.