(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 必修第三册　Unit 2　Morals and Virtues (含详解)

必修第三册　Unit 2　Morals and Virtues

阅读·提速练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Does your group or team need help? Try our challenge courses! We provide various approaches and opportunities for participants.More importantly，all activities are conducted in a safe environment!

•Our goals

◇Bring participants together in a new environment where they’ll share a common experience while working together.

◇Encourage group trust.Participants must rely on others，completing the course as a group and not on an individual basis.

◇Overcome personal fears of lack of confidence.

◇Improve goals setting and problem-solving skills.

◇Encourage safe，appropriate risks taking in a caring environment.

•Planning a program

A variety of challenge course programs can be designed.Working with your group，the center will design a program based on your group’s goals，schedule，group size and budget.The center offers team building programs for youth，adolescents and adults.High challenge courses are physically，mentally and emotionally challenging.An instruction and the equipment are provided by the center.

•Requirements for high challenge courses

◇Climbing Tower—must be 9 years or older.

◇High Ropes—must be 12 years or older.

•Group pricing

◇Low Challenge Course—$150/per 15 people

◇High Challenge Course—$300/per 15 people

◇Both—$400/per 15 people

The two courses are annually inspected by a professional organization—Challenge Design Innovations.You can contact the center by phone 434－348－5444 or by email heathern@vt.edu to plan your next challenge course program!

1．The challenge course programs help participants         .

A．realize their dreams

B．not fear to take risks

C．work together as a team

D．develop self-learning ability

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据Our goals部分中的“Encourage group trust.Participants must rely on others，completing the course as a group and not on an individual basis.”可知，挑战课程帮助参与者培养团队合作精神。故选C。

2．What do we know about the center?

A．It benefits especially those with special needs.

B．It designs different programs accordingly.

C．It is run by Challenge Design Innovations.

D．It is intended for teenagers.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。根据Planning a program部分可以推断，该中心是根据不同的情况设置相应的挑战项目。故选B。

3．How much should a group of 30 young teenagers pay for a High Challenge Course?

A．300 dollars.   B．450 dollars.

C．600 dollars.   D．800 dollars.

答案　C

解析　数字计算题。根据Group pricing部分中的“High Challenge Course—$300/per 15 people”可知，高强度挑战课程每15人300美元，那么30人就需要600美元。故选C。

B

(2021·河南濮阳一中检测)

I have well travelled in Spain and visited a good number of Spanish cities.However，no city will ever quite match Cádiz，where I spent six months studying as a student.

Before that，I knew very little about Cádiz but I decided to take a risk and explore it.Well，the risk certainly paid off.

Cádiz，Europe’s oldest city，hangs off Spain’s southern coast on a peninsula(半岛)，surrounded almost entirely by water.As you leave the shady streets of the historical old city and explore more of it，you are met with vast areas of the blue Atlantic Ocean and white sandy beaches，which in my opinion are some of the best in Spain!

One of the great things about Cádiz is the wonderful，rich culture of food and drink.There are little tapas(小吃) bars lining every street and most will serve tapas for around 1.50－2 euros，meaning you can try a whole variety of Andalusian dishes.

Cádiz has also come to be known as “The Singing City”．It comes from the annual carnival(狂欢节)，one of the biggest in Europe.A very large number of people go to Cádiz to see it.During those ten days，Cádiz’s narrow streets are filled with the sound of singing as musical groups fight for a place in the contest，which takes place on the last Saturday of carnival.The songs perfectly show the sense of humor of the Gaditanos，who，besides being so warm and welcoming，are said to have the best sense of humor in Spain!

That is my experience of Cádiz：a wonderful，typically Andalusian city which is often overlooked but well worth a visit.I am currently living in Huelva，just a short drive from Cádiz，so please pay attention to my next sharing!

4．What does the word “that” underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Studying in Cádiz.

B．Competing in a match.

C．Teaching a student.

D．Becoming an explorer.

答案　A

解析　代词指代题。根据第一段第二句的内容可知，画线词指代“在加迪斯学习”。故选A。

5．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?

A．The unknown origin and long history of Cádiz.

B．The beautiful life of people living to Cádiz.

C．The geographic position and scenery of Cádiz.

D．The author’s complex attitude towards Cádiz.

答案　C

解析　段落大意题。通读第三段的内容可知，该段主要介绍了加迪斯的地理位置和景色。故选C。

6．Why is Cádiz called “The Singing City”？

A．A number of local people enjoy humorous songs.

B．Singing is everywhere during a big annual carnival.

C．Many grand carnivals attract well-known singers.

D．A lot of singing competitions take place each year.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第四句的内容可知，加迪斯被称为“歌唱之城”是因为在一年一度的狂欢节上，到处都是歌声。故选B。

7．From which is the text most probably taken?

A．A post on the Internet.

B．A geography textbook.

C．A travel brochure.

D．A biography.

答案　A

解析　文章出处题。根据最后一段最后一句的内容可推知，本文最有可能出自网上的一则帖子。故选A。

C

(2021·河北石家庄质检)

The term “bird brain” is frequently used to describe a person’s lack of intelligence and good decision-making ability.However，some scientists believe it should be considered a praise，given that many birds can perform human tasks like producing and using tools，solving problems，and planning for future needs.Now，Griffin，an African Grey parrot，has proved that birds may even possess better visual memories than human adults and children.

The study，led by Hrag Pailian，a researcher at Harvard University，had the parrot compete in the game against twenty-one undergraduate students and twenty-one 6 to 8-year-old children.The popular challenge involves hiding a small object under one of three or more upside-down cups，which are moved around.Participants are required to accurately identify the cup under which the object lies.To make the task more challenging，the researchers required participants to track two，three，and four objects at the same time.

An analysis of the results showed that Griffin outperformed the 6 to 8-year-olds across all levels on average.Even more impressive，the “bird brain” performed as well as，or slightly better than，the 21 Harvard students on 12 of the 14 trials! It was only in the final two tests，which had the most objects and most movement，that the parrot fell behind the adults.However，Griffin’s performance was never below that of the children.

Griffin was the candidate of choice because the scientists needed an animal that had a brain functionality similar to that of humans.“The fact that the smart parrot loves to show off his brain power in exchange for a few cashews(腰果) did not hurt either，” said Irene Pepperberg，a Harvard lecturer，who has trained Griffin and several other African Grey parrots，has been studying the species for over four decades and is considered a pioneer in the study of bird intelligence.

8．What were the participants required to do in the study?

A．Identify different kinds of objects.

B．Tell where the hidden object lies.

C．Track other participants’ performance.

D．Move around upside-down cups.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The popular challenge involves hiding a small object under one of three or more upside-down cups，which are moved around.Participants are required to accurately identify the cup under which the object lies.”可知，参与者被要求说出物体藏在哪个杯子。故选B。

9．What did the results of the study indicate?

A．6 to 8-year-olds did better than Griffin.

B．Parrots have a better memory than other birds.

C．Harvard students have a better visual memory.

D．Griffin outsmarted Harvard students in some trials.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Even more impressive，the ‘bird brain’ performed as well as，or slightly better than，the 21 Harvard students on 12 of the 14 trials！”可知，在一些测试中，格里芬比哈佛的学生更聪明，故选D。

10．Why was Griffin chosen for the experiment?

A．It was good at making decisions.

B．It was specially trained for experiments.

C．It had similar brain functions to human beings.

D．It loved to show off his language power for some treats.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Griffin was the candidate of choice because the scientists needed an animal that had a brain functionality similar to that of humans.”可知，格里芬之所以被选为实验对象，是因为它的大脑功能与人类相似。故选C。

11．What is the best title for the text?

A．“Bird Brain” Becomes a Term for a Stupid Person

B．Harvard Lecturer Pioneers in Bird Intelligence Study

C．Parrot Outsmarted Harvard Students in Visual Memory Test

D．Researchers Made New Discoveries about Human Intelligence

答案　C

解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文以非洲灰鹦鹉为研究对象，结果显示鸟类甚至可能比成年人和儿童拥有更好的视觉记忆。“鹦鹉在视觉记忆测试中比哈佛学生聪明”作为标题最佳，故选C。

D

Up to 40% of all food in the United States is wasted.Producing food that people don’t consume swallows up roughly 20% of America’s cropland and agricultural water，and produces greenhouse gas emissions(排放物) equal to 37 million passenger vehicles each year.Yet,37 million Americans lack consistent access to adequate and nutritious food.

NRDC’s Food Matters Initiative partners cities to confront food waste.Food Matters is piloting all-round，cutting-edge strategies that are easy to follow and share.The first two strategies—and arguably the most critical ones—are to estimate a local baseline level of food waste and then assess the potential for rescuing surplus food.A baseline is necessary in order to understand the scale and natural of the problem.It is also a prerequisite(先决条件) to assessing any progress made，which will help inform future program development.

Using a calculator tool NRDC developed based on the Food Matters research models，the Atlanta’s Mayor’s Office of Resilience had a better understanding of the qualities of wasted food and where it was likely occurring.This allowed the city to focus the attention on the solutions that were more closely related to the situation in Atlanta.

As in many cities across the U．S.，much of the food wasted in Atlanta occurs in households and consumer-facing businesses such as restaurants.Armed with this information，the Mayor’s Office of Resilience，creates a restaurant challenge encouraging restaurants to work on the entire system of reduction，rescue，and recycling.After 90 days and participation from 6 restaurants at Atlanta’s Hartsfield Jackson airport，the program rescued 21,000 meals and saved owners over $62,000.

Atlanta’s restaurant challenge is one of a handful of examples where cities have engaged(吸引) consumer-facing food businesses to reduce their food waste.New York led the charge with a Mayor’s challenge to restaurants.Denver recently completed a series of neighborhood restaurant challenges.Nashville has an ongoing Mayor’s Food Saver Challenge，including not just restaurants but other food businesses as well.Several other cities and countries throughout the country have similar business engagement success stories.

12．What are the data mainly about in Paragraph 1?

A．The harm of food waste.

B．The cause of food pollution.

C．The importance of food safety.

D．The solution to food waste.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。文章第一段中提到一系列的数据“高达40%的食物被浪费了。生产并不吃的粮食消耗了大约20%的农作物耕地和农业用水，产生的温室气体排放物相当于3 700万车辆一年的排放量。而另一方面，3 700万美国人并不能持续获得充足和有营养的食物”，由此可知，这些数据是说明食物浪费造成的损失。

13．How does Atlanta benefit from the calculator tool of NRDC?

A．It makes new plans for banning food waste.

B．It helps the city better work on the solutions.

C．It tests the work efficiency of the government.

D．It increases the potential for recycling food waste.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，亚特兰大市通过使用NRDC的计算器工具，对浪费食物的性质和可能发生的地点有更好的了解，这有助于该市更好地解决问题。

14．What is the restaurant challenge mainly about?

A．Inspiring customers to order food based on actual need.

B．Teaching waiters to deal with food waste in the greener way.

C．Encouraging restaurants to reduce food waste in every process.

D．Making restaurants compete with each other in waste recycling.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the Mayor’s Office of Resilience，creates a restaurant challenge encouraging restaurants to work on the entire system of reduction，rescue，and recycling”可知，餐馆挑战主要是鼓励餐馆在每个过程中减少食物浪费。

15．What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Restaurant challenges only work in America.

B．More and more cities are focusing on food waste.

C．Food businesses are the main sources of food waste.

D．It is difficult to complete the restaurant challenges.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。文章最后一段中提到“Atlanta’s restaurant challenge is one of a handful of examples where cities have engaged(吸引) consumer-facing food businesses to reduce their food waste.”，下文列举纽约、丹佛、那什维尔以及其他一些城市和乡村在减少食物浪费方面采取的行动，说明越来越多的城市致力于减少食物浪费。

Ⅱ.七选五

Get a Healthy Home

Most of us have spent more time at home in 2020 than we ever imagined possible.  1   These tips can help make your home better for your body and mind.

Take off your shoes at your door.Think about keeping your home clean the minute you walk in.A University of Arizona study found that the average shoe contains nearly 421,000 different bacteria(细菌)，including Escherichia coil and strep.Pesticides(杀虫剂) and cleaning chemicals can also come into your home via your shoes.  2 

Freshen the walls.If the walls in your home feel as if they’re closing in，maybe it’s time to find a new coat of paint.  3   Researchers at the University of British Columbia found that blue boosts creativity，while red increases attention to detail.

  4   In a small study，volunteers worked from noon to 8 p．m.in a room lit primarily by daylight or one lit primarily by artificial light.By the end of the second day，those who had worked in the sunlit room were less sleepy and performed better on performance tests connected with mental process.

Clean the air in your home.  5   The Department of Energy requires that it can remove 99.97 percent of pollutants and particles in the air.Portable high-efficiency particulate air filters(过滤器) can clean a single room or the entire house.

A．Work near a window.

B．Study in the artificial light.

C．Studies have shown that color can influence your mood.

D．Maybe you have realized the importance of a healthy home.

E．Leave a pair of shoes you wear in the house by the front door.

F．A high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter can cost much.

G．The gold standard is a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter.

1．答案　D

解析　上文讲在2020年，我们大多数人在家里度过的时间比我们能想象的还要长；下文讲这里有一些可以使你的家变得更有益于身心健康的方法。D项“或许你已经意识到一个健康的家庭(环境)的重要性了”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。

2．答案　E

解析　根据本段第一句“Take off your shoes at your door.”可推知，本段陈述的是在屋内换鞋的必要性。E项“在家门口留一双你在家中穿的鞋子”符合语境。故选E。

3．答案　C

解析　上文讲如果你家里的墙壁让你有种包围感，也许是时候选一种新的墙漆了；下文具体解释了红蓝两种颜色的具体影响。C项“研究表明，颜色可以影响你的心情”承上启下，符合语境。故选C。

4．答案　A

解析　下文讲一项小调查表明，与人造灯源相比，在自然光源下工作的人们没那么困倦，且他们在与心理过程有关的测试中表现得更出色。由此可推知，本段内容应与“在自然光源下工作”有关。A项“在窗边工作”符合语境。故选A。

5．答案　G

解析　上文讲清洁你家中的空气；下文讲能源部门规定它可以移除空气中99.97%的污染物和微粒。便携、高效的空气过滤器可以清洁一个单人间或整个房子。G项“这个黄金标准就是一个高效率的空气微粒过滤器”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。