(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 必修第三册　Unit 4　Space Exploration (含详解)

必修第三册　Unit 4　Space Exploration

阅读·提速练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Songkran

(2021·湖南百校联考)

Duration：from April 12 to 15,2020 in Phuket (The dates vary depending on the regions)．

Location：Songkran is the Thai New Year.The entire country gets a lot of days off，and most Thai people will be going back home to celebrate Songkran with their families.Just expect a lot of traffic jams on the road as everyone is out on pick-up trucks，throwing water at each other.

Details：Starting in the early morning on April 13th，the water ceremony will take many forms.Initially，you are only supposed to sprinkle(洒) your family with a tiny cup of water at home.It’s good luck.Then you sprinkle a statue of Buddha very respectfully and do a little pray.

Later in the morning，the game starts to change.Because this is the hottest time of the year，sprinkling each other with water is a lot of fun.Add a little beer to that and Songkran turns into a country-wide water war.

It starts rather gently in Phuket Town around 10 am，turning to water dogfights(混战) in the afternoon in Patong，Kata and Karon，and ends full-scale wet war zone in Bangla Road until late at night.

Survival Tips：

★ Don’t drive a bike if you can avoid it.It’s slippery and the tendency to close eyes when water is thrown at you is dangerous.

★ Get a waterproof camera

★ Be aware of major traffic jams in towns，mostly in Patong Beach.

★ Don’t carry anything that doesn’t resist water.

★ Don’t wear expensive clothing.

★ Be aware of the sun!

★ Have fun! Don’t take it too seriously；it’s good.

1．Why do traffic jams happen during Songkran?

A．The road is slippery.

B．The entire country gets a lot of days off.

C．The people are throwing water at each other.

D．Everyone is sprinkling his family on the road.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第一句可知，因为每个人都在外面的皮卡车上相互泼水，所以道路上交通堵塞严重。由此可知，在泼水节期间发生交通堵塞是因为人们在相互泼水。故选C项。

2．What’s the first step to celebrate Songkran?

A．Doing a little pray.

B．Sprinkling a statue of Buddha.

C．Sprinkling family with a little water.

D．Sprinkling each other with much beer.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Initially，you are only supposed to sprinkle(洒) your family with a tiny cup of water at home.”可知，一开始你应该向你的家人洒一小杯水。由此可知，庆祝泼水节的第一步是给家人洒点水。故选C项。

3．Which of the following is recommended during Songkran?

A．Carrying an umbrella.

B．Wearing cheap clothes.

C．Bringing some cash.

D．Riding a bicycle.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据Survival Tips部分中的“Don’t wear expensive clothing.”可知，不要穿贵的衣服。由此可知，在泼水节期间，推荐穿便宜点儿的衣服。故选B项。

B

(2021·河北石家庄质检)

Losing a parent is one of the most painful parts of life.No matter how old we are when they leave us，it can be a painful experience.Our memories are all that is left of them and happy reminders of their love turn into our most valuable treasures.

That’s how Mara Soriano feels about a very special teddy bear she lost in her recent move to a new apartment.

The toy bear didn’t cost a lot，but it contained a recording of her late mother’s voice telling her that she loved her and was proud of her.The bear，called “Mama Bear”，was in a backpack that contained electronics like an iPad and a Nintendo Switch.When the bag was missing last week during the move，the 28-year-old，was heartbroken—not for the electronics，but for Mama Bear.

So she posted online about the item lost and the story behind it.Luckily，Mara’s search soon became a hit.Meanwhile，Mara was out searching.She put up posters，dug through dustbins，and communicated with others online，following any lead she could.

Actor Ryan Reynolds posted an appeal for its safe return.“I think we all need this bear to come home，” he wrote.Along with the message，he also set a price of $5,000 for the return.

Then on Tuesday night，Mara’s special bear came home.It’s a bit of a modern-day wonder that would never have happened without social media.Mara said she got an email from someone who told her they had the bear.

Mara is getting married next summer and the bear is going to have a special seat at the ceremony—the one her mother would sit in.For now，she’s keeping “Mama Bear” close and sending thanks to those who helped with the happy reunion.

4．Where was Mama Bear when it was lost?

A．In a backpack.   B．In the old apartment.

C．In a dustbin.   D．In an electronics store.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“The bear，called ‘Mama Bear’，was in a backpack that contained electronics like an iPad and a Nintendo Switch.”可知，Mama Bear是Mara放在背包里，搬往新公寓时丢失的。故选A项。

5．Why did Mara spare no effort to recover her Mama Bear?

A．It contained expensive electronics.

B．It recorded her wedding memories.

C．It was a present for her 28th birthday.

D．It had happy reminders of her mom’s love.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知，Mara不遗余力地寻找她的Mama Bear，不是因为它很贵重，而是因为里面存储了已故妈妈的录音，是妈妈留给Mara最后的爱。故选D项。

6．What did Ryan do to help Mara?

A．He put up posters across the city.

B．He sent a message to comfort Mara.

C．He bought an alternative bear for Mara.

D．He offered a reward for the return of the bear.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知，为了找回玩具熊，Ryan不但帮助Mara发布了呼吁，而且还悬赏5 000美元。故选D项。

7．The special seat at the wedding ceremony will be intended for         .

A．the bridegroom   B．the toy bear

C．a famous actor   D．an honored guest

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，在Mara的婚礼上，她为玩具熊安置了一个特别的座位，在Mara心里，就像妈妈坐在那里为她的婚姻送上祝福一样。故选B项。

C

(2021·江苏镇江四校联考)

Food storing is common in members of the crow(乌鸦) family.A new study tested the birds outside this naturally occurring behaviour，which may have evolved(进化) specifically because it gives crows a survival advantage.Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food.So the researchers tested whether the birds could store and recover a tool so they could get it at their food after a gap of 17 hours—something we wouldn’t expect them to do naturally.But they were able to instantly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items.

In another experiment，the researchers taught crows to select a token(礼品券) from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food.Again，the birds then showed that they could plan for the future using this new behaviour.This is different from all of the previous studies in future planning，which have focused on naturally occurring behaviour.For example，we know that chimpanzees select，transport and save appropriate tools for future needs.

These studies have shown that animals can plan for the future，but they left an important question open for debate.Are animals only able to plan to use abilities that have evolved to give them a specific advantage，or can they flexibly and intelligently apply planning behaviour across various actions? Most critics would say the former，as the animals were tested in naturally occurring behaviors.

But the new research provides the first evidence that animal species can plan for the future using behaviour that doesn’t typically occur in nature.This supports the view that at least some recognitive abilities in animals don’t evolve just in response to specific problems.Instead，it suggests that animals can apply these behaviors flexibly across problems in a similar way to humans.We need to investigate how flexible behaviour evolved.Then we might be able to see how crows’ ability to plan for the future fits in with their broader cognitive powers.

8．What’s the new finding about some crows according to Paragraph 1?

A．They can store food.

B．They can use tools to recover food.

C．They can store and recover tools.

D．They can select and store food.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句的内容可知，研究人员对乌鸦的新发现是乌鸦能储存并且找到觅食所用的工具。故选C。

9．What are crows trained by scientists to do when given a token?

A．Reject it casually.

B．Exchange it for food.

C．Save it as their food.

D．Build a nest with it.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句的内容可知，研究人员们训练乌鸦用礼品券来交换食物。故选B。

10．What do scientists think of the studies that animals can plan for the future?

A．They are debatable.

B．They are disappointing.

C．They are contradictory.

D．They are convincing.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知，科学家们对动物可以为未来计划的研究是有争议的。故选A。

11．What can be inferred about recognitive abilities in animals?

A．They develop only with age.

B．It is unclear how they’ve evolved now.

C．No animals but crows benefit from them.

D．Planning for the future helps their evolution.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We need to investigate how flexible behaviour evolved.”可推断，它们是怎样进化的还不清楚。故选B。

D

(2021·河南南阳检测)

A walk through the galleries of Quebec’s Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (MMFA) places individuals face-to-face with some 43,000 artworks ranging from Chinese ceramics(陶瓷制品) to Inuit sculpture.

While the visiting is an incredible cultural experience，a group of local physicians will soon be able to prescribe(开处方) museum visits as treatment for some illnesses.

Hélène Boyer，vice president of a Montreal-based medical association，explains that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin，a neurotransmitter(神经传导物质) known as the “happy chemical” which helps to lift mood.

According to Boyer，the small increase in hormones(荷尔蒙)associated with enjoying an afternoon of art is similar to that offered by exercise，making museum prescriptions ideal for the elderly experiencing pain that prevents them from regularly joining in physical activity.

The museum visits are designed to improve traditional methods.As Bondil notes，spending time in a peaceful environment can provide a welcome distraction.“What is the most important is that this experience can help them escape from their own pain，” she says.“When you enter the museum，you escape from the speed of our daily life.”

“I am convinced that in the 21st century，culture will be what physical activity was for health in the 20th century，” said Bondil.“Some people would do well to recall that just in the 19th century，sports were believed to do harm to the body.Just as doctors now prescribe exercise，they will be able to prescribe a visit to the MMFA.”

12．What does Hélène Boyer think of museum visits?

A．They can cheer people up.

B．They can reduce physical activity.

C．They can slow down our life pace.

D．They can increase levels of art appreciation.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，Hélène Boyer认为参观博物馆可以提高血清素的水平，而血清素可以提升情绪。由此可推知，他认为参观博物馆可以让人高兴、振作起来。故A项正确。

13．How do museum visits affect people?

A．Stop them concentrating on pain.

B．Stop them focusing on traditional methods.

C．Encourage them not to be absent-minded.

D．Encourage them to slow their steps while walking.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二、三句可知，参观博物馆可以让人们转移注意力，不那么专注于痛苦。故A项正确。

14．What does the last paragraph suggest?

A．Physical activities were popular in the 19th century.

B．Sports are considered to be harmful to the body.

C．Ideas of treating illnesses are changing over time.

D．Doctors prescribe museum visits regularly now.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知，19世纪，体育运动被认为对身体有害，而现在医生给病人开运动处方。再根据“I am convinced that in the 21st century，culture will be what physical activity was for health in the 20th century...”可推知，疾病治疗观念随着时间的推移而改变。故C项正确。

15．What is the main idea of the text?

A．Museum visits are ideal for the elderly.

B．Happy chemical helps to lift one’s mood.

C．Peaceful environment helps escape pain.

D．Cultural activities will promote health.

答案　D

解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段中的“culture will be what physical activity was for health in the 20th century”可知，在21世纪，文化活动将像20世纪体育运动对健康的意义那样提升人们的健康。故D项正确。

Ⅱ.七选五

Choosing the right career can be hard.Many people graduate from school or college not knowing what to do with their lives，and get a job without really thinking about it.For some，things work out fine.  1   Your working life lasts an average of forty years，so it’s important to find a job you like and feel enthusiastic about it.Luckily，there are many ways you can get help to do this.

The Australian website，www.careersonline.com，compares choosing a career with going to the movies.Before you see a movie，you find out what films are showing.  2  —find out what jobs are available and what your options are.Next，decide which movie you like best; if you’re not a romantic person，you won’t want to see a love story.In other words，with your career，you should decide which job will suit your personality.  3   Meanwhile，you should find out where the theater is before you go.With your career，you need to find information about where you can work，how much you will earn，and how to get a job in that profession.

So，how do you start? Begin by asking yourself some questions.  4   Have you traveled overseas? Do you have any extra certificates besides your degree，such as a first aid license? Your physical state and build can also affect which jobs you can do.A person，for example，who is allergic to cats would probably never become a veterinarian.Flight attendants，firefighters，and police officers have to be over a certain height，and be physically fit.  5   Are you outgoing and extroverted，or shy and introverted? If you like working alone，a job that requires lots of teamwork might not suit you.

A．Your personality matters，too.

B．Finally，decide how to get movie tickets.

C．The site suggests you do the same with your career.

D．Choosing a career can take time and a lot of thought.

E．Some jobs require you to have certain life experiences.

F．But others often find themselves stuck in a job they hate.

G．When you know you can work in your dream job，you’ll be glad.

1．答案　F

解析　上文“For some，things work out fine.”与F项“But others often find themselves stuck in a job they hate.”承接自然，上下文构成明显的转折关系，some和others是关键词。故选F项。

2．答案　C

解析　下文“find out what jobs are available and what your options are.”与C项“The site suggests you do the same with your career.”承接自然，下文是对选项内容的解释。故选C项。

3．答案　B

解析　根据本段的结构，尤其是上文的“Before you see a movie ”和“Next，decide which movie you like best”可知，此处选B项“Finally，decide how to get movie tickets.”符合陈述事情的发展顺序。故选B项。

4．答案　E

解析　下文“Have you travel overseas? Do you have any extra certificates besides your degree，such as a first aid license？”与E项“Some jobs require you to have certain life experiences.”承接自然，下文提到的内容就是一些工作所要求的特定生活经历或技能。故选E项。

5．答案　A

解析　下文“Are you outgoing and extroverted，or shy and introverted? If you like working alone，a job that requires lots of teamwork might not suit you.”与A项“Your personality matters，too.”承接自然，下文提到的outgoing，extroverted，shy和introverted都是描述人的性格的形容词。故选A项。