(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 选择性必修第四册　Unit 4　Sharing (含详解)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 选择性必修第四册　Unit 4　Sharing (含详解)，共9页。
选择性必修第四册　Unit 4　Sharing阅读·提速练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·福建三明质检)In an effort to inform our citizens to clear the street snow，the city adopts a snow removal plan.Routes used by City Emergency Services come first.Secondly，connector streets will be cleared which allow citizens the greatest access to public roads.And thirdly，roads within neighborhoods will be cleared.Snow removal and ice control will start when：* Snow accumulates 4 inches or more.* Weather conditions do not endanger the safety of road crew.* Snow falls during peak traffic periods of heavy use of main streets.Snow and ice removal will be delayed or cancelled when：* There is severe cold，significant wind and limited visibility.* The snowfall occurs on the weekend or a holiday and is not considered a threat to public safety.In that case，snow and ice removal may take place on the next normal weekday.* Snow and ice may be left on roadways if melting is obvious.Your cooperation is requested during snow removal and these suggestions may apply：* Limit travel during storms.Travel is possible once roads have been cleared or salted by the road crew.* Avoid removing snow from your driveway into the road.Pile the snow in your yard.* Park your vehicles in your driveways and off the road or sidewalks.* Keep public sidewalks next to your house clear of snow and ice.* Be responsible for removing this snow which is thrown by the snow plough(犁) from your driveways.Hopefully，you can understand this inconvenience.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市的除雪工作，注意事项和市民如何进行配合的指导意见。 1．When will the snow have to be removed?A．If it reaches a certain thickness.B．If the main streets are not busy.C．If the snow and ice begin to melt.D．If extreme weather makes roads dangerous.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Snow accumulates 4 inches or more.”可知，当积雪达到一定厚度时，就必须开始除雪工作。故选A。2．What should citizens do to cooperate in the snow removal?A．Help to put the salt on the road.B．Pile the snow nearby to the road.C．Throw the snow into the driveways.D．Clear the sidewalks close to their houses.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第五段倒数第二句“Keep public sidewalks next to your house clear of snow and ice.”可知，市民需要清理他们家附近的公共人行道上的冰雪。故选D。3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A．Clearance of emergency routes is a priority.B．Snow and ice must be removed on the weekends.C．Citizens play the most important role in snow removal.D．The poster is to inform citizens of an oncoming heavy snow.答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Routes used by City Emergency Services come first.”可知，城市应急服务线路优先，也就是说清除紧急通道是一项优先事项。故选A。B(2021·山东湖北联考)More than ￡5,500 has been raised after a plea(请愿) last Monday by a vet Dr Scott Miller.Scott said，“I would like to say a massive thank-you to Express readers from myself，from Australia and from the koalas.It’s amazing that people from across the world can see how significant the catastrophe has been.I do appreciate that people are being very supportive and reaching into their pockets.” An area，a third of the size of Britain is estimated to have been ravaged(毁坏) since the blazes(火灾) began in September.On Friday，a state of emergency was declared in the capital Canberra，with residents told to prepare to evacuate as fires on the outskirts(市郊) threatened to spread.A billion animals are feared to have died，including 25,000 koalas.Last week Scott told how he had visited his homeland，helping to save wildlife on Kangaroo Island off the coast of Adelaide.While there he rescued a mother and a baby koala who were stuck in a tree.The pair were rushed to a field hospital on the island to be treated.The mum had severe burns to her paws and was badly dehydrated(脱水的)，while her baby son had an eye injury and was underweight.Scott，who has appeared on ITV’s This Morning and BBC’s Blue Peter，said the mother is showing “great signs of improvement” and her wounds are starting to heal.The baby has undergone surgery to his eye and is “recovering from the anesthetic(麻药) and doing well”．But he added，“The mother remains dehydrated so it isn’t producing enough milk to feed the baby.At the moment they’re being housed severally but there is the hope that when the baby is a little stronger he will be able to be returned to his mother.” Even after they recover，the pair will probably spend their lives in an enclosure while the bush takes years to recover.Scott said，“Sadly patients are still coming in thick and fast.Each of these animals is requiring to be housed and fed，and regular medical treatment to their injuries.”语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在澳大利亚森林大火后受伤的考拉得到了人们尤其是Dr Scott救助的故事。 4．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?A．Dr Scott donated more than ￡5,500.B．Residents were asked to move to Canberra.C．Numerous animals might have lost their lives.D．A large area of Britain has been badly damaged by the fire.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“A billion animals are feared to have died，including 25,000 koalas.”可推知，大量的动物可能因为火灾失去了生命。故选C。5．What did Dr Scott do after returning to his homeland?A．He was rushed to the field hospital to receive treatment.B．He assisted to rescue the wildlife on Kangaroo Island.C．He hosted the ITV’S This Morning.D．He fed the underweight baby koala.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Last week Scott told how he had visited his homeland，helping to save wildlife on Kangaroo Island off the coast of Adelaide.”可知，上周 Scott讲述了他如何访问自己的祖国，帮助拯救阿德莱德海岸袋鼠岛上的野生动物。故选 B。6．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A．Separately.   B．Seriously.C．Successfully.   D．Sympathetically.答案　A解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句后半部分“...but there is the hope that when the baby is a little stronger he will be able to be returned to his mother.”的句意及句中表示转折关系的连词 but 可判断此处单词为“分别地，各自地”之意，故选 A。7．What’s the best title of the passage?A．A Big Australian FireB．People’s Generous DonationC．Koalas’ RecoveryD．Rescuing Koalas答案　D解析　标题归纳题。通读全文并结合第三段第一句“Last week Scott told how he had visited his homeland，helping to save wildlife on Kangaroo Island off the coast of Adelaide.”可知，本文主要介绍了在澳大利亚森林大火后受伤的考拉得到了人们尤其是Dr Scott救助的故事，故选D。C(2021·安徽黄山质检)Why are some people better able to fight off the flu than others? Part of the answer，according to a new study，is related to the first flu strain we encounter in childhood.Scientists from UCLA and the University of Arizona have found that people’s ability to fight off the flu virus is determined not only by the subtypes of flu they have had throughout their lives，but also by the sequence(顺序) in which they have been infected by those viruses.Their study was published in the open-access journal PLoS Pathogens.The research offers an explanation for why some people become much worse than others when infected with the same strain of the flu virus.In addition，UCLA scientists，including Professor James Lloyd-Smith，who was also a senior author of the PLoS Pathogens research，recently completed a study that analyzed travel-related screening for the 2019 novel coronavirus(新型冠状病毒)．The researchers reported that screening travelers is not very effective for the 2019 coronavirus—that it will catch less than half of infected travelers，on average—and that most infected travelers are undetectable，meaning that they have no symptoms yet，and are unaware that they have been exposed.So stopping the spread of the virus is not simply a matter of enhancing screening methods at airports and other travel centers.“This puts the onus(责任，负担) on government officials and public health officials to follow up with travelers after they arrive，to isolate them and trace their contacts if they get sick later，” said Lloyd-Smith，a UCLA professor of ecology and evolutionary biology.“Many governments have started to impose quarantines(隔离)，or even travel bans，as they realize that screening is not sufficient to stop the spread of the coronavirus.” One major concern，Lloyd-Smith said，is that other countries，especially developing nations，lack the infrastructure and resources for those measures，and are therefore vulnerable to importing the disease.“Much of the public health world is very concerned about the virus being introduced into Africa or India，where large populations exist that do not have access to advanced medical care，” he said.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。面对疫情，我们在做好自身防护的同时，是否存有这样的疑问：为什么在疫情爆发的地区，同一环境下有人被感染，有人却能安然无恙？为什么有些人不易被流感病毒感染。文章主要讲述了一项新的科学研究，来说明人们抵抗病毒的能力。 8．What is the significance of the scientists’ research?A．It explains the cause of the flu virus.B．It reduces the risk of people being infected.C．It analyzes people’s ability to fight off the virus.D．It stops the spread of the flu virus all around the world.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这项研究解释了为什么有些人在感染了相同毒株的流感病毒后会变得比其他人更糟糕。由此可知，这项科学研究的意义就是分析了人们对抗病毒的能力。故选C。9．What do we know about the novel coronavirus from Paragraph 3?A．Travelers are at high risk of being exposed to it.B．It is more difficult to stop its spread than expected.C．Most travelers infected with it are detected by screening.D．It spreads especially quickly at airports and railway stations.答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，研究人员报告说，对旅行者进行筛查对2019年冠状病毒感染并不是很有效——平均来说，只有不到一半的受感染旅行者会被检测到——而且大多数受感染的旅行者是检测不到的，这意味着他们还没有症状，而且不知道他们已经接触了病毒。由此可知关于新型冠状病毒，阻止它的传播比预期的要困难，故选B。10．Why does the writer mention Lloyd-Smith’s words in Paragraph 4?A．To persuade people not to travel.B．To provide a method to kill the virus.C．To show the harmful effects of the virus.D．To stress the responsibilities of officials.答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，史密斯的意思是政府要重视隔离和追踪接触者，即史密斯是在强调政府官员的责任。故选D。11．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “vulnerable” in the last paragraph?A．Weak.   B．Impossible.C．Responsible.   D．Indifferent.答案　A解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前半句可知，劳埃德·史密斯说，一个主要的担忧是，其他国家，特别是发展中国家，缺乏采取这些措施的基础设施和资源，由此可知后半句意为“因此很容易输入这种疾病”，因此推断vulnerable的意思是“易受攻击的，脆弱的”，故选A。D(2021·河南濮阳质检)Corn is among the most commonly consumed grains on the planet.Globally，the average human will consume 70 pounds of corn each year! That’s a whole lot of corn that needs to be grown each year，and that’s not even accounting for corn being grown for animal consumption and biofuel.Just like many other popular foods，farmers are finding it difficult to get enough corn produced.Of course，complicating matters is the fact that corn is a tropical(热带的) plant，meaning farmers can’t produce it during the colder months of the year.Now，researchers from Cornell University’s Boyce Thompson Institute have developed their own solution：a new variation of corn that recovers much more quickly after being exposed to cold temperatures.Lead researcher David Stern，president of the Boyce Thompson Institute，and his team made this incredible breakthrough by building on research originally published two years ago.That study had discovered that increasing the levels of an enzyme(酶) called Rubisco in plants caused them to grow more rapidly and reach larger sizes.Rubisco helps plants turn atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2) into sugar.Regarding corn specifically，Rubisco levels in corn drop considerably in cold weather.This time，the research team planted a large group of corn plants，and provided a portion of the group with more Rubison.Then，they allowed all the plants to grow for three weeks at 77 degrees Fahrenheit(normal growing temperature for corn) before dropping the temperature to 57 degrees Fahrenheit for two more weeks.Finally，they heated things up back again to 77 degrees.“The corn with more Rubisco performed better than regular corn before，during and after chilling(冷却)，” explained first author Coralie Salese-Smith.“In fact，we were able to reduce the severity of chilling stress and allow for a more rapid recovery.”All in all，the corn with more Rubisco was able to recover from the colder temperatures more quickly and with less damage done.The Rubisco corn plants grew to be taller.These results are very promising.However，Stern and his team say they’re still working on improving their approach.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。来自康奈尔大学博伊斯·汤普森研究所的研究人员研发出一种新的玉米品种，它暴露在低温环境后恢复得更快。 12．What makes the research particularly necessary according to the text?A．The great climate change.B．Lack of heat-tolerant corn.C．The large demand for corn.D．Corn’s insensitivity to climate.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Just like many other popular foods，farmers are finding it difficult to get enough corn produced.”可知，玉米的消耗量很大，对玉米的需求量大使这项关于培育玉米新品种的研究显得尤其必要。故选C。13．What did the researchers do during the study?A．They made those corn plants resist Rubisco.B．They assessed corn plants’ ability to absorb CO2.C．They removed all the chilling stress on corn plants.D．They exposed corn plants to different temperatures.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Then，they allowed all the plants to grow for three weeks at 77 degrees Fahrenheit(normal growing temperature for corn) before dropping the temperature to 57 degrees Fahrenheit for two more weeks.Finally，they heated things up back again to 77 degrees.”可知，研究人员将玉米植株暴露在不同的温度下，故选D。14．What should the researchers think of the corn plant they developed?A．It has functioned well in solving global starvation.B．It is qualified enough to be grown around the world.C．It recovers from the colder temperatures more slowly.D．It isn’t yet completely perfect for chilling tolerance.答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However，Stern and his team say they’re still working on improving their approach.”可推断，研究人员可能认为他们研发出来的玉米植株的耐寒性还不够完美。故选D。15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Much More Corn Plants Are Badly NeededB．Corn Plants Aren’t Sensitive to Cold WeatherC．Scientists Have Developed Cold-Resistant CornD．Tropical Corn Is Going to Become History Soon答案　C解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Now，researchers from Cornell University’s Boyce Thompson Institute have developed their own solution：a new variation of corn that recovers much more quickly after being exposed to cold temperatures.”可知，本文主要讲述的是科学家研发出了一种耐寒的玉米品种。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五(2021·山东临沂质检)The Hotel Wake-up Call Gets PersonalHere’s a wake-up call：The hotel front desk will do one better than ringing your phone in the morning.They’ll send an actual human being to your room.Don’t worry.They won’t come in and kiss you good morning.  1  Never mind that most travelers nowadays have smart phones with built-in alarm clocks.  2   Here are some examples.At the Wolcott Hotel，if a wake-up call is unanswered，they will send an employee to your door.At Las Ventanas al Paraiso，an employee shows up at your room to wake you up with tea，coffee and breakfast bread.At the Mandarin Oriental，a person rather than an automated system will call to wake you up.  3  Hotels have always taken the wake-up call seriously.  4   If you don’t get your call within five minutes of the requested time，you won’t have to pay for your room.Travelers，too，still want to have an option of a wake-up call.A study of 285 guests at Crown Plaza found that 53% considered a wake-up call very important.  5   In the late 1980s，hotels turned to automated systems.Then all you’d get was a ring and silence.In the ever-competitive race for loyal customers，however，many hotels are now getting creative with the wake-up call.Some hotels even have recordings of celebrity voices.And more hotels will go back to the old in-person system of wake-up calls.A．But they might bring you coffee.B．If you don’t answer，you’ll get a wake-up knock.C．Crown Plaza，for instance，has a wake-up call guarantee.D．But the wake-up call became less personal over the years.E．The hotel gets 15 to 30 requests for wake-up calls each day.F．The human wake-up call is a way to personalize a guest’s stay.G．Some guests sleep through the call，while others turn their phone ringers off.语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章介绍了酒店的叫醒电话服务正变得更加个性化。 1．答案　A解析　根据上文“They’ll send an actual human being to your room.Don’t worry.They won’t come in and kiss you good morning.”可知，A项“但是他们可能会给你带咖啡来”与前一句形成转折关系，符合文意。故选A。2．答案　F解析　根据下文的具体例子可知，F项“真人叫醒服务是一种使客人入住个性化的方式”符合文意。故选F。3．答案　B解析　根据上文“At the Mandarin Oriental，a person rather than an automated system will call to wake you up.”及列举的其他酒店的做法可知，B项“如果你不接电话，就会有人来叫醒你”符合文意。故选B。4．答案　C解析　根据上文“Hotels have always taken the wake-up call seriously.”可知，此处在介绍皇冠假日酒店的做法。C项“例如，皇冠假日酒店就提供叫醒服务保证”符合文意。故选C。5．答案　D解析　根据下文“In the late 1980s，hotels turned to automated systems.Then all you’d get was a ring and silence.”可知，在20世纪80年代末，叫醒服务转向自动化系统，顾客只会收到一个电话，不会有人亲自来叫醒你。D项“但多年以来，这种叫醒电话变得不那么个性化了”符合文意。故选D。