(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时作业选择性必修四 Unit 1 Science Fiction (含解析)

UNIT 1　Science Fiction

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

I often imagine 1. ________ my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different then, which will be elegant and 2. ________ (satisfy)．

In the future, I will have a happy family, and a lovely baby, 3. ________ our family all will have an affection for. Besides, I will have 4. ________ comfortable and convenient home, where there are all kinds of digital 5. ________ (equip) and furniture. What's more, my home will have a household robot, which can help me 6. ________(clean) my house, prepare delicious cuisine and accompany my baby. In addition, I hope I will work for a computer company 7. ________ a programme designer. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my 8. ________(colleague). I will do a good job in whatever I do. In my free time, I 9. ________(continue) to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, I will travel around the world.

In a word, my life will be richer and 10. ________(colourful)．

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者想象了自己将来美好的生活。

1. what　考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，imagine后是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作like的宾语，故填what。

2. satisfying/satisfactory　考查形容词。根据本空前的elegant及and可知，此处要用形容词形式，故填satisfying/satisfactory。

3. whom　考查非限制性定语从句。空格后是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词baby，关系词在从句中作for的宾语，故填whom。

4. a　考查冠词。home是可数名词，此处表泛指，故填不定冠词a。

5. equipment　考查名词。根据下文中的“furniture”可知，此处要用名词形式，又因equipment为不可数名词，故填equipment。

6. (to) clean　考查固定搭配。 help sb. (to) do sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”，为固定表达，故填(to) clean。

7. as　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处用as，表示“作为”。

8. colleagues　考查名词。colleague是可数名词，此处表泛指，又因为前面有my修饰，故用复数形式。

9. will continue　考查时态。本文描述的是将来的情况，动词应用一般将来时，故填will continue。

10. more colourful　考查形容词的比较级。 根据上文中的“richer”可知，此处要用colourful的比较级形式，故填more colourful。

B

(2020·山东菏泽6月模拟)Hashtag, a pet dog as a gift from a friend to 1. ________ (bright) up my day, saved my life — not once, but twice.

My husband and I had been expecting the exciting 2. ________ (arrive) of him for months before Hashtag came into our home in the winter.I was struggling with depression and suddenly I had something else 3. ________ (require) my attention. I had been overcome by negative thoughts completely, but now I had 4. ________ sense of purpose. I couldn't give up. Once realising that, I became 5. ________ (energy). I focused on giving him training and affection, and walking with him. Finally, I got over my depression 18 months later. There's no doubt 6. ________ Hashtag played an important role in my recovery. Then, last December, we 7. ________ (sleep) deeply when a fire started in our living room. Barking downstairs 8. ________ (unusual), Hashtag woke us up and allowed us 9. ________ (grasp) the seriousness of our situation.

Within moments, we were standing outside. There's no telling what could have happened 10. ________ Hashtag's warning. I don't have the words to describe how grateful I feel for the warning from him.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。Hashtag是作者的一只宠物狗，因为它，作者克服了抑郁症；也因为它，作者免受火灾的侵害。

1. brighten　考查动词。分析句子结构可判断，此处应填入动词，brighten up意为“(使)增添乐趣，有希望”。

2.  arrival　考查名词。根据空前的the可判断，此处应填入arrive的名词形式arrival。

3. requiring　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作后置定语，require与something else之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。

4. a　考查冠词。a sense of意为“……感”，故填不定冠词a。

5. energetic　考查形容词。became在此处为系动词，表示状态的变化，意为“开始变得，变成”，后接形容词。energetic意为“精力充沛的，充满活力的”。

6. that　考查同位语从句。 分析句子结构可知，此处是There is no doubt that ... 句型，表示“……是毫无疑问的”。

7. were sleeping　考查时态。根据语境可判断，此处是在描述过去正在做某事，故用过去进行时。

8. unusually　考查副词。空处修饰动词，应用其副词形式unusually。

9. to grasp　考查不定式。由上下文可知，此处应用动词不定式，与上文构成allow sb. to do sth.结构。

10. without　考查介词。没有Hashtag的警告会发生什么事不得而知。此处表示“无，没有”，应该用without。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 很遗憾你错过了这么一场精彩的足球比赛。(It's＋n.＋that ...)

It's_a_pity_that you have missed such a wonderful football game.

2. 我昨天晚上是在公园遇到了我以前的英语老师。(强调句型)

It_was_in_the_park_that I came across my former English teacher yesterday evening.

3. 天黑之前，我们到达了一个小镇，它的东面是一个大农场。(完全倒装)

Before dark, we arrived at a small town, east_of_which_lies_a_big_farm.

4. 那个女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。(as if)

The girl listened as_if_she_had_been_turned_into a stone.

5. 他们坐在花园里，谈论着去年他们一起度过的日子。(现在分词作伴随状语)

They sat in the garden，talking_about_the_days they spent together last year.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

There are robot cleaners and robot mops to help us around the house, so why not a robot to build our houses? Wait no longer. Now there is a set of electronics to do just that, build a house from scratch, and fast.

Forget weeks to find a builder and months for house construction; a machine developed in the United States can build a 232 sqm house layer by layer in a single day. University of Southern California's Professor Behrokh Khoshnevis has designed the giant robot that replaces construction workers with a mouth on an arm of crane, which spits out concrete and can quickly build a house according to a computer pattern. The technology, known as Contour (轮廓) Crafting, could revolutionise the construction industry.

Contour Crafting could greatly decrease the cost of homeowning, making it possible for millions of displaced people to get on the property ladder. It could even be used in disaster relief areas to build emergency and replacement housing. As Prof. Khoshnevis points out, if we look around almost everything is made automatically these days — shoes, clothes, home appliances, cars. The only thing that is still built by hand are buildings.

The Contour Crafting system is a robot that automates age­old tools normally used by hand.These are applied by a robotic crane that builds a three­dimensional object.The nature of the technology means it will also be possible to create curved walls and architecture that is both “exotic (异国情调的) and beautiful” according to Prof. Khoshnevis. As a result, it could be ideal to print out expensive houses according to customers' demands.

Furthermore, Prof. Khoshnevis believes that the technology could be applied beyond our planet.“Contour Crafting technology has the potential to build safe, reliable, and affordable structures, habitats, laboratories, and other facilities on the moon and Mars before the arrival of human beings，” his website reads.

According to the International Labour Organisation, construction employs nearly 110 million people worldwide and “plays a major role in fighting the high levels of unemployment and in absorbing extra labour from the rural areas”. What the implications are for builders is, of course, a major concern. But Khoshnevis says “the reality is that a lot of new jobs can be created in this field as well”. Instead of building the house, workmen are used to maintain the machine.

1. Which advantage does the giant robot have for the consumers?

A. It saves a great deal of time.

B. It decorates houses beautifully.

C. It provides energy­saving apartments.

D. It builds environmentally­friendly houses.

2. The underlined part “to get on the property ladder” (in Paragraph 3) means “________”．

A. to print objects

B. to purchase a house

C. to predict disasters

D. to accumulate wealth

3. The new construction technology can satisfy the needs of ________.

A. low­income residents

B. people at different income levels

C. middle­income people

D. wealthy immigrants

4. What influence will Contour Crafting have on construction industry?

A. Many construction workers will lose jobs.

B. Professionals will be hired to make robot builders.

C. More rural people will engage in construction.

D. Construction workers will update their skills.

【解题解读】本文是一篇说明文。随着科技的发展，巨型机器人可用于建设房屋，而且具有时间短、成本低等优势，并且能够满足不同收入的人们的实际购房需求。

1. A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Forget weeks to find a builder and months for house construction; a machine developed in the United States can build a 232 sqm house layer by layer in a single day.”可知，原先需要几个月的房屋建筑现在只要一天就能完成，因此，巨型机器人的明显优势是它可以节省大量的时间。故选A。

2. B　词义猜测题。根据第三段画线部分之前的内容“Contour Crafting could greatly decrease the cost of homeowning，making it possible for millions of displaced people”中的“decrease the cost of”可推知，由于建房成本大大降低，许多人就可以买得起房子了。因此B项与画线部分意思相近。故选B。

3. B　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“As a result，it could be ideal to print out expensive houses according to customers' demands.”可知，它可以根据客户的需要建设出豪宅。再结合第三段第一句可推知，新的建设技术能满足不同收入水平的人们的需求。故选B。

4. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，随着巨型机器人技术的发展，在建筑业会有新的就业机会出现，而建筑工人的主要任务就是维护机器。由此可推知，建筑工人将会更新自己的技能。故选D。

B

(2020·山东齐鲁名校达标检测)I moved to the United States as a teenager. The adjustment to a new place was difficult. But there was major stress in my life at that time：I was the only member of my family who spoke English, meaning I had to step up when we dealt with a shop assistant, a waiter and so on. However, there was another universal language I loved to learn as a child: art.

Although I connected myself with drawing and painting while in school, I mostly dismissed art as a path to a career. Since my dad always said “Think about the future”， I did not think he would support the study of art once I went to college. But, to my surprise, it was my parents who suggested just that and urged me to apply to technical and liberal arts schools.

I was admitted into industrial design. It's basically to design products and services. I could be doing something more technical or something more related to problem­solving. It was no easy task to do the course including metalworking, woodworking and model making. In one class I just drew cubes for an entire month, which led me to a question：“Wow! Do I really want to do this？” But I finally survived the course.

Now I am a design strategist for Marshall Moya Design, a famous architecture and interior design company. I have experience in exhibit design, product design and website design, apart from which I enjoy developing public art in my free time.

Throughout my career, I've picked up different things along the way. The best way to learn in my opinion is through working, therefore, get as many projects as you can. Industrial design kind of makes you an all­round person.

5. What was the author's biggest problem when first moving to America?

A. The adaption to a new environment.

B. Difficulty in learning a new language.

C. Father's disapproval of her studying art.

D. The burden of being a communicator.

6. What made the author choose to study art?

A. Her deep love for art.

B. The suggestion of her family.

C. Her potential in design.

D. The need of a good job.

7. Why was the author's experience of drawing cubes mentioned?

A. To emphasise her effort at study.

B. To express the regret at her choice.

C. To prove the course was difficult.

D. To show the basic content of the course.

8. How did the author feel when she mentioned her career?

A. Surprised. B. Stressed. 

C. Eager. D. Proud.

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。随家人移居美国的作者热爱艺术，并在家人的支持和自己的坚持下，追逐梦想，成就事业。

5. D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But there was major stress in my life at that time: I was the only member of my family who spoke English, meaning I had to step up when we dealt with a shop assistant, a waiter and so on.”可知，作者一家搬到美国后面临的主要问题是：她是家庭中唯一会说英语的人，每次面对售货员、服务员等时，她不得不站出来，由此可推知她肩负着家人与外界沟通的重责，故选D。

6. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I did not think he ... it was my parents who suggested just that and urged me to apply to technical and liberal arts schools.”可知，作者的父母建议她学习艺术，故选B。

7. C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It was no easy task to do the course including metalworking, woodworking and model making.”可知，作者认为学习工业设计不容易，下文中的“In one class I just drew cubes for an entire month ... survived the course.”进一步说明学习工业设计这门课程的过程是艰难的。故选C。

8. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Throughout my career, I've picked up different things along the way.”和“Industrial design kind of makes you an all­round person.”可知，作者为她的事业感到自豪。故选D。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

When Jayce Crowder was in kindergarten he was sad that he looked different from his classmates. They had two hands. He had one.

“It started when one boy teased him，” says his mother, Cortney Lewis. Jayce's enthusiasm 　1　.He'd return to their home with questions: Why am I different? Why me?

Lewis admitted she didn't know what to do at that point. How could she 　2　

answers to her son's questions when she had never found those answers herself?

A few weeks later, Lewis turned on the TV to a news story about an eighth grader from Washington, Iowa. Trashaun Willis, then 14, had become an Internet　3　

after posting videos of his slam dunks(灌篮), and, like Jayce, he was 　4　 most of his left arm. Lewis called Jayce in. He was completely attracted, watching dunk after dunk.

At the time, it seemed that watching Trashaun would simply be a(n)　5　

moment for Jayce. 　6　 little did Lewis know that a family friend had already reached out to the Des Moines Register, asking the newspaper to help set up a meeting with Trashaun to build Jayce's 　7　.

The boys met at Washington Middle School on a Saturday afternoon a couple of months later, and instantly bonded. The day was not spent wallowing (沉浸) in self­pity — it was full of 　8　. They rode bikes around the school's hallways, took photos, played hide­and­seek, and shot baskets. Trashaun 　9　 gave Jayce a shirt that says “Ten lingers are overrated.”

At one point, Trashaun did get serious with Jayce. He said not to let anyone drag him down and not to let words 　10　 his confidence. Since that meeting, Lewis has seen a visible 　11　 in her son, who is now seven and in second grade. He recently started wrestling and loves it. Lewis points to Trashaun's 　12　. “Meeting him，” she said, “made Jayce 　13　 that there are others like him.”

As for Trashaun, his relationship with Jayce made him look forward to 　14　

more kids, perhaps as a youth coach with a nonprofit organisation devoted to coaching kids with limb disabilities.

“Honestly, it means a lot to know that I changed Jayce's 　15　，” Trashaun says. Still, he never dreamed that his videos would have such an effect. “I just thought my friends would see my videos and be like, ‘Oh, he dunked it！’” Obviously, he did more than that!

1. A. doubled B. returned

C. improved D. disappeared

2. A. discover B. forget

C. provide D. inform

3. A. hit B. winner

C. fan D. user

4. A. giving B. making

C. missing D. having

5. A. proud B. inspiring

C. exact D. warning

6. A. So B. And

C. Thus D. But

7. A. intelligence B. confidence

C. strength D. imagination

8. A. fun B. pride

C. sadness D. silence

9. A. still B. just

C. even D. again

10. A. gain B. lose

C. fix D. shake

11. A. experience B. difference

C. behaviour D. agreement

12. A. influence B. action

C. attitude D. education

13. A. expect B. promise

C. understand D. suggest

14. A. helping B. persuading

C. challenging D. calling

15. A. love B. way

C. habit D. life

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。Jayce Crowder左臂残缺，受到同学嘲笑而闷闷不乐。但是同样左臂残缺的Trashaun帮助他恢复了自信。

1. D　根据上文中的“when one boy teased him”可知，有个小男孩嘲笑了他，所以Jayce的热情消失了。故选D。

2. C　根据下文中的“when she had never found those answers herself”可知，Jayce Crowder的母亲自己都不知道答案，怎么能回答她儿子的问题呢。provide answers意为“提供答案”。故选C。

3. A　Trashaun是一个失去左手臂的人，却能灌篮，所以视频一发布，他就成了网络红人。故选A。

4. C　根据上文中的“like Jayce”可知，Trashaun和 Jayce都失去了左臂的大部分。故选C。

5. B　Trashaun灌篮的视频鼓舞了Jayce Crowder，因为他们有同样的身体缺陷。故选B。

6. D　根据下文中的“little did Lewis know”可知，前后语意表示转折关系。故选D。

7. B　根据下文中的“　10　 his confidence”可知，这位朋友联系新闻报刊希望与Trashaun见面是为了帮助Jayce Crowder树立信心。故选B。

8. A　根据下文中的“They rode bikes around the school's hallways, took photos, played hide­and­seek, and shot baskets”可知，他们在一起很开心。故选A。

9. C　除了玩得很开心，Trashaun甚至送了Jayce Crowder一件T恤衫。even意为“甚至”，表示递进关系，符合题意。故选C。

10. D　根据上文中的“not to let anyone drag him down”可知，Trashaun对Jayce Crowder说不要让任何话语动摇他的信心。故选D。

11. B　根据下文中的“He recently started wrestling and loves it.”可知，Jayce Crowder最近开始学习摔跤，并喜欢上了摔跤。所以母亲看到了儿子明显的变化。故选B。

12. A　根据上文语境可知，Trashaun对Jayce Crowder产生了重大的影响。故选A。

13. C　Trashaun对Jayce Crowder产生了重大的影响，所以Jayce Crowder有了很大的改变且明白了世界上还有很多像他一样的人。故选C。

14. A　根据下文中的“perhaps as a youth coach with a nonprofit organisation devoted to coaching kids with limb disabilities”可知，对于Trashaun来说，他与Jayce Crowder的关系让他期待帮助更多的孩子。故选A。

15. D　Trashaun所做的使Jayce Crowder更加自信，使他积极地去改变很多东西，从而改变了自己的生活。故选D。