(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时作业选择性必修四 Unit 5 Launching Your Career (含解析)

UNIT 5　Launching Your Career

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

Liang Yu was an excellent student 1. ________ was about to graduate from school. But one morning she 2. ________(face) with a question she had not thought of 3. ________(serious) before — what she wanted to do after she left university. Maybe she needed to do some research, so the next morning she made an appointment 4. ________(see) Dr Wang Xuemei.

Dr Wang did not ask her any questions but handed her a questionnaire and asked her to fill it in.

5. ________(complete) the form, Dr Wang told her 6. ________ questionnaire showed that she liked to work cooperatively. Then Dr Wang gave her the next questionnaire. After Liang Yu filled in her questionnaire, Dr Wang suggested engineering, agro­scientific research or 7. ________(environment) science as possible careers. But she also 8. ________(advise) Liang Yu to consider the social 9. ________ (need) of the country and try to make her training as flexible as possible. Dr Wang said the most important thing for her is to do some research 10. ________ her own to find out as much as she could about what was available and what was suitable for her.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了即将毕业的梁玉就自己的未来职业向王博士征求意见的过程。

1. who　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空格后是一个定语从句，修饰先行词student，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。

2. was faced　考查固定短语。be faced with 为固定短语，意为“面对”，再结合文章的时态可知，本空应填was faced。

3. seriously　考查副词。修饰谓语动词thought of要用副词。

4. to see　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处用不定式作目的状语。

5. Having completed　考查非谓语动词。所填词在句中作时间状语，该动作发生在主句动作told之前，与主语之间是主动关系，故填Having completed。注意第一个字母要大写。

6. the　考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的问卷调查，故填定冠词the。

7. environmental　考查形容词。修饰名词science要用形容词。

8. advised　考查时态。文章的主体时态是一般过去时，故该空要填advised。

9. needs　考查名词。need是可数名词，此处表示社会的不同需求，故用复数形式。

10. on　考查介词。on one's own为固定短语，意为“独自；独立”。

B

I thought that I had great skills in 1. ________(deal) with kids, so I applied for a job to teach kids. The day of my interview was also my first day of work. My first mistake led to my first lesson. Don't try to make 2. ________ (friend) with managers, but be respectful. After going through some work with 3. ________ couple of kids I learned I was not as good as I had thought, and it was 4. ________ (good) to ask for help than do what you thought was right.

A few days after work, feeling pressured to do a good job, I found repetition 5. ________ (make) it more comfortable. It wasn't long 6. ________ I learned how to develop respectful relationships with my bosses and what tone of voice 7. ________ (use) with kids. I started sounding more confident and realised that the more confident you sound, the more 8. ________ seems that you know what you are doing.

What surprised me most after a few months was how little money I had spent. Money from working long hours seemed to be more valuable to me than money 9. ________ (give) by my parents. I kept it firmly in my hands and suddenly shopping was a 10. ________ (total) different experience. The cost of items translated into how many hours I needed to work to pay for it.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从事第一份工作后的几个体会。

1. dealing　考查非谓语动词。介词后要用v.­ing形式。

2. friends　考查固定短语。make friends with为固定短语，意为“与……交朋友”，空后为with managers, 故friend要用复数形式。

3. a　考查固定短语。a couple of 为固定短语，意为“几个；一双，一对”。

4. better　考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的than可知，此处要用比较级形式。

5. made　考查时态。文章的主体时态是一般过去时，故该空要填made。

6. before　考查连词。It wasn't long before ...为固定句型，意为“不久……就……”。

7. to use　考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作后置定语。

8. it　考查代词。It seems that ...为固定句型，意为“好像……”。

9. given　考查非谓语动词。所填词在句中作后置定语，与修饰词money之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。

10. totally　考查副词。修饰形容词different要用副词。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 看电影时我不知不觉就睡着了。(状语从句的省略)

When/While_watching_the_movie,I fell asleep before I knew it.

2. 这是因为乘飞机旅行有一些好处。(This is because ...)

This_is_because air travel has some advantages.

3. 没有人知道一百年后我们的生活会是什么样子。(what)

No one knows what_our_life_will_be_like in one hundred years.

4. 我希望我今天早上睡得多一点，但是我不得不起床来上课。(wish)

I wish_I_had_slept_longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

5. 学校商店的顾客主要是学生，在假期是关闭的。(非限制性定语从句)

The school shop, whose_customers_are_mainly_students,is closed in the holidays.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

In 1926, US automaker Henry Ford shortened its employees' workweek from six eight­hour days to five, with no pay cuts. It's something workers and labour unions had been calling for. Ford wasn't responding to workers' demands; he was being a businessman. He expected increased productivity and knew workers with more time and money would buy and use the products they were making. It was a way of encouraging consumerism and productivity to increase profits, and it succeeded.

Since standardisation of the 40­hour workweek in the mid­20th century, everything has changed but the hours. If anything, many people are working even longer hours, especially in North America. This has a severe influence on human health and well­being, as well as the environment. Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full­time. Now, women make up 42 percent of the world's full­time workforce. Technology has made a lot of work unnecessary, with computers and robots doing many tasks previously performed by humans.

Well into the 21st century, we continue to work the same long hours as the 20th­century labourers, using up ever more of Earth's supply to produce more goods that we must keep working to buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption. It's time to pause and consider better ways to live like shifting from fossil­fueled lifestyles with which our consumer­based workweeks are connected.

The UK think tank, New Economics Foundation, argues that a standard 21­hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems: overwork, unemployment, over­consumption, high carbon emissions, low well­being, and the lack of time to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life.

Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite(有限的)planet don't make sense. It's time for a change in our economic thinking.

1. Why did Ford decide to shorten the workweek?

A. To cut workers' pay.

B. To make more profits.

C. To respond to workers' demands.

D. To meet labour unions' requirements.

2. What change in the workforce happened after World War Ⅱ？

A. More women worked full­time.

B. The number of labour decreased.

C. Technology enabled people to work shorter hours.

D. It was unnecessary for a family's oldest male to work.

3. What can we infer from the third paragraph?

A. Longer working hours means better consumption ability.

B. The 21st century sees the longest working hours in history.

C. The cycle of hard work and consumption should be changed.

D. Pausing our way of living can change the present workweek.

4. New Economics Foundation thinks a 21­hour workweek will ________.

A. increase unemployment

B. cause various problems

C. encourage people to enjoy life

D. challenge the economic growth

【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了随着经济和社会各个方面的发展，每周工作时长也有必要调整。

1. B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It was a way of encouraging consumerism and productivity to increase profits, and it succeeded.”可知，福特公司的举措的目的是鼓励消费和提高工作效率，进而提高效益。故选B。

2. A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full­time. Now, women make up 42 percent of the world's full­time workforce.”可知，第二次世界大战之前每个家庭中一般是最年长的男性工作，而在那之后至今，越来越多的女性成为主要劳动力。故选A。

3. C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption”和“It's time to pause and consider better ways to live like shifting from fossil­fueled lifestyles with which our consumer­based workweeks are connected.”可知，努力工作和消费的循环应该改变。故选C。

4. C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，英国新经济基金会认为每周工作21个小时能够鼓励人们享受生活。故选C。

Ⅱ. 七选五

You may have come across the picture that has a number drawn on the floor with two people standing on either side of the number. One person sees a 6, and the other sees a 9. 　1　

They could either stay there arguing and holding on to their ideas, or they could move around and see the difference in their thoughts. This is the perspective (视角)．

　2　 The world would be a better place if people understood this. But before you start thinking of how you can start seeing things from the perspective of another person, you need to first know what a life perspective is.

Just like the example, a life perspective is the way we see life, including the way we approach life and all that are in our personal experience. 　3　 What we usually have are two different perspectives on one thing. We have a person saying something is bad and should not be done, and then we have another person saying that “bad” is a strong word to use for the same thing.

　4　 And everyone sees things a lot differently compared to the next person. This makes life more complex because, instead of seeing the similarities we share, we often focus on what is different, which leads to disagreements and fights. 　5　 It's likely that these problems no longer annoy you.

A. There are more than 7 billion people in the world.

B. In our life, few things are absolutely right or wrong.

C. It seems difficult to decide which perspective is wrong.

D. Simply make a switch and see from a different perspective.

E. A perspective on life can be shaped, changed, or explained.

F. They are both right, yet they are wrong in the eyes of the other person.

G. And they usually make us believe that we are the one who's holding the truth.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们之所以看待问题会有不同的结论是因为视角不同。

1. F　根据上文“一个人看到是6，另一个人看到是9。”可知，F项中的“他们”指代前句提到的“两个人”。同时F项中的“在对方眼里他们是错的”指代上文提到的“一个人看到是6，另一个人看到是9”这件事。故选F。

2. E　根据下文“如果人们能理解这一点，世界将会变得更美好。”可知，E项的内容就是下文this指代的内容。故选E。

3. B　根据下文“我们通常对一件事有两种不同的看法。”可知，B项和下文构成因果逻辑。故选B。

4. A　根据下文“每个人对事物的看法都与下一个人很不一样。”可知，A项和下文构成因果关系。故选A。

5. D　根据下文“很可能这些问题已经不再困扰你了。”可知，D项和下文构成条件逻辑。故选D。

Ⅲ. 完形填空

Most of us go through some hardships in life. But few things match the 　1　

brought upon people by the genocide (种族灭绝) of Jews during World War Ⅱ and it's still 　2　 people nowadays. Luckily, today's story has a happy 　3　for two men and their families. The two cousins 　4　 got to meet after being separated 75 years ago during the holocaust (大屠杀)．

Morris and Simon were best friends as kids 　5　 the Nazis invaded their country Romania in 1940. However, their families lost 　6　 as they didn't flee the country together. Both grew up believing the other died. Until some time ago their children 　7　 the two families on Facebook.

Morris' niece came across Simon's daughter while 　8　 for relatives online only to find out that Simon is 　9　 in the UK. Morris settles in Israel. It took some time but they organised a 　10　 for the two long­lost men in Tel Aviv, Israel. Someone recorded a video of this emotional meeting and 　11　 it online, leaving people all over the world 　12　.

　13　 the fact that both men are in their 80's, they plan to keep in touch and see each other often, reconstructing the beautiful 　14　 they had as children. And it will surely not 　15　 with time.

1. A. gains　　　　　 B. embarrassment

C. sufferings D. hope

2. A. encouraging B. reaching

C. leading D. affecting

3. A. ending B. plot

C. background D. design

4. A. hurriedly B. eventually

C. suddenly D. unwillingly

5. A. since B. before

C. but D. though

6. A. contact B. relation

C. news D. approach

7. A. found B. responded

C. called D. reconnected

8. A. searching B. asking

C. hoping D. waiting

9. A. happy B. sociable

C. alive D. safe

10. A. party B. dinner

C. reunion D. travel

11. A. mailed B. shared

C. donated D. supplied

12. A. in silence B. in doubt

C. in panic D. in tears

13. A. Despite B. Beyond

C. Though D. In case of

14. A. wishes B. understanding

C. friendship D. ideas

15. A. pass B. come

C. show D. decline

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两个老人在75年后再续从前的友谊的故事。

1. C　根据上文中的“Most of us go through some hardships in life.”可知，此处用“苦难”符合语境，故选C。

2. D　结合常识可知，纳粹给犹太人带来的苦难影响了他们几代人，故选D。

3. A　根据下文中的“The two cousins 　4　 got to meet after being separated 75 years ago during the holocaust (大屠杀)．”可知，两兄弟在75年后见面了，这是个幸福的结局，故选A。

4. B　根据下文中的“after being separated 75 years ago during the holocaust (大屠杀)”可知，此处用“最终”符合语境，故选B。

5. B　根据下文中的“they didn't flee the country together”可知，他们后来分开了，所以此处讲述的是纳粹入侵之前的事情，故选B。

6. A　根据下文中的“they didn't flee the country together”可知，此处用“失去联系”符合语境，故选A。

7. D　根据下文中的“they plan to keep in touch and see each other often”可知，两个老人取得了联系，由此推测，他们的孩子使两个家庭重新联系上了，故选D。

8. A　根据上文中的“Facebook”和下文中的“online”可知，此处用“搜索”符合语境，故选A。

9. C　根据上文中的“Both grew up believing the other died.”可知，此处用“活着的”符合语境，故选C。

10. C　根据下文中的“the two long­lost men”可知，此处用“重聚”符合语境，故选C。

11. B　根据空后的“it online”可知，此处是指把视频分享到了网上，故选B。

12. D　结合上下文可知，此处是指两个老人75年后重聚的场面让人们流下了感动的泪水，故选D。

13. A　结合上下文可知，此处是指尽管年龄很大了，但两位老人还是决定要保持联系。though也有此意，但它是连词，而此处需要介词，故选A。

14. C　根据上文中的“Morris and Simon were best friends as kids”可知，此处用“友谊”符合语境，故选C。

15. D　结合上下文可知，两位老人的友谊在75年后还保持不变，那么在将来也不会随着时间而消退，故选D。

Ⅳ. 语法填空

Summer is over, but there's no reason to be upset as that means autumn is upon us, arguably the 1. ________(good) season of the year.

Beijing's autumn is extremely short, so parks around the city fill up fast with people coming to see the season's sight — a show of changing 2. ________ (colour) as the trees turn from dark green to deep red. There are plenty of places in the city centre 3. ________ (catch) the golden gingko leaves (银杏叶), but I'm heading just outside of the Fifth Ring Road to see the season on 4. ________ larger scale.

Despite parks like Xiangshan getting so busy 5. ________ you need tickets a week in advance, there are still areas well­known and 6. ________ (frequent) visited by the Beijing crowds, and Baiwangshan, one of such places, 7. ________ (locate) 3km from the Summer Palace to the city's Northwest. It offers hiking tails and beautiful views of the city and 8. ________ (surround) forests.

I love coming to Beijing's parks at this time of year because I can always enjoy 9. ________ (I), bathing in the last of the good weather and golden colours. You never know 10. ________ you're going to find around every corner.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京的秋天。

1. best　考查形容词。the 后用最高级，此处表示“最好的季节”。

2. colours　考查名词。colour表颜色时是可数名词，根据“ from dark green to deep red”可知应用复数形式colours。

3. to catch　考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作后置定语，修饰places，表示动作还未发生。

4. a　考查冠词。这里泛指一个更大的规模，且larger以辅音音素开头。

5. that　考查固定搭配。so ... that ...为固定搭配，意为“如此……以至于……”。

6. frequently　考查副词。visited是动词，用副词修饰。

7. is located　考查时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是Baiwangshan，为第三人称单数形式，文章主体时态是一般现在时，故填is located。

8. surrounding　考查形容词。此处修饰名词forests，应用形容词。

9. myself　考查反身代词。enjoy oneself意为“玩得愉快”，为固定短语。

10. what　考查宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语，用what引导。

Ⅴ. 应用文写作

假定你是李华，你班同学计划本周六去摘葡萄，请你给外籍教师Thomas写一封邮件，主要内容如下：

1. 提出邀请；

2. 具体活动安排。

注意：1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Thomas，

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

【参考范文】

Dear Thomas，

To get close to nature, we plan to pick grapes on the farm nearby this Saturday morning. I'm writing to invite you to join us.

We will meet at the school gate at 8 a．m. and go there by bus. Many activities will be held, ranging from picking grapes to playing some games. We'll have lunch at a local restaurant and come back at four in the afternoon.

If you are interested, please let me know before this Friday. I'm sure we'll have a good time there.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

Ⅵ. 读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

When I walked into the George Washington University Hospital with my therapy dog Willow on a late February evening, I had no idea that we were about to meet a young man, not even 25, fighting for his life in the ICU that night. Sam almost died when he was involved in an accident on his way home from work one day. He got numerous surgeries, among them two below knee amputations (截肢)．

The ICU room was dark and cool when we entered. I could see Sam's father sitting in a chair in a dark corner of the room, gazing down to the busy street below. He nodded hello, but did not speak. Sam's mother was quickly pacing to and fro, trying to keep Sam comfortable and speaking encouraging words.

Sam was quiet. He was unaware at the time that he had lost his legs. But he just was not responding to the people in his room. Then something amazing happened: he saw Willow. I saw his hand slip from his lap to down below his bed rail and his fingers start to make a scratching motion. Willow ran right up to his bedside, expertly sliding her head right beneath his awaiting fingers.

I walked out of the ICU room completely overwhelmed with grief and a feeling of complete inadequacy in my ability to bring any kind of healing to this family. Just then I felt a strong grip on my forearm. I turned around and saw Sam's mum.

“Will you come back tomorrow？” she asked.

I wanted to turn and run away, but I looked down at Willow, who had none of those feelings and whose eyes showed nothing but love and compassion, and before I knew it, the words “Yes, we will.” had left my lips. I cried my whole drive home that night.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

I did come with Willow the next day, and so did the day after the next. ________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

The night before Sam left hospital was a happy occasion for all of us. _________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

I did come with Willow the next day, and so did the day after the next. Every day as soon as we entered the ward, Willow would run to Sam's bedside and licked him gently, and then it would lie down beside his bed and accompanied him. In response, Sam would also caress its head. Over time, they developed such a deep friendship that they would feel uncomfortable when they couldn't see each other. With Willow's company, Sam became optimistic again. It was obvious that Willow played a positive role in Sam's treatment. Finally, the news came that Sam had reached the discharge standard.

The night before Sam left hospital was a happy occasion for all of us. We held a big party in the ward to celebrate Sam's discharge from hospital. At the party, everyone was very delighted. Sam's mother sincerely appreciated our efforts, and I owe it to Willow. When we parted, Sam was very reluctant and asked to see Willow once a week after he was discharged from the hospital. I agreed because I knew that Willow would also miss Sam.