北师大版高中英语选择性必修第三册单元综合检测含答案

这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册本册综合同步达标检测题，文件包含北师大版高中英语选择性必修第三册单元综合检测1含答案doc、北师大版高中英语选择性必修第三册单元综合检测2含答案doc、北师大版高中英语选择性必修第三册单元综合检测3含答案doc等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共54页， 欢迎下载使用。

单元综合检测(三)
第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Remember to study for knowledge and not study for getting good grades! This helped me a lot，and might help you too.
●Keep your study area organized and comfortable.
This helps you to concentrate better while studying by reducing unwanted distractions.Keeping all the required books，pens，and other instruments within reach helps you to stay focused on studying.You don't have to look around for any book you need.
●Discover ways to enhance your concentration.
Concentration is unquestionably the most important attribute necessary to enjoy studying.Staying focused on what you are reading helps you to understand and absorb it.Therefore，it is absolutely essential for you to find out all the essentials that enhance your concentration.
●To enjoy studying，prepare in advance for tests.
If you intend to truly enjoy studying，you must make it a habit to prepare well in advance for all your tests.You cannot enjoy studying when you are preparing on the last day prior to your test.This will make studying a painful experience for you.
●Ensure that your study area is free from disturbances.
Ensure that outside noise and disturbances do not affect your studies.Your study table must be located in a silent area free from all external disturbances.
●Mark all important dates on a wall calendar.
●Remember to take short breaks.
Taking short breaks during studying helps you in retaining more of what you have studied.Hence，short breaks are helpful during a long study session.
●Manage your time in a wise way.
●Stay positive.
Staying positive is necessary to enjoy studying.Think of all the benefits you can obtain from scoring high grades.This will motivate you 10 strive harder in your studies.
●Be prepared；remove fear of exams.
【语篇解读】　文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高学习能力的方法。
1．What helps you to stay focused according to the text?
A．Enjoying studying.
B．Preparing well in advance for you tests.
C．Taking short breaks during studying.
D．Keeping unnecessary distractions away.
D　[细节理解题，根据“Keep your study area organized and comfortable.”部分的第一句话“This helps you to concentrate better while studying by reducing unwanted distractions.”可知，通过远离不必要的干扰可以集中注意力。故选D项。]
2．If you want to keep in your memory as much as possible of what you have learned，what should you try to avoid?
A．A long study session without taking short breaks.
B．The essentials that enhance your concentration.
C．The painful experience of taking exams.
D．Preparation for your test on the last day.
A　[推理判断题。根据“Remember to take short breaks.”部分的第一句“Taking short breaks during studying helps you in retaining more of what you have studied.”可推知，想要记住更多学过的内容，就应该避免没有短暂休息的长时间学习。故选A项。]
3．What could be the best title of this text?
A．How to score the best grades?
B．How to get rid of disturbances?
C．How to improve your ability to study?
D．How to make the best of your time?
C　[标题归纳题。根据第一段“Remember to study for knowledge and not study for getting good grades! This helped me a lot，and might help you too.”及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高学习能力的方法，C项能概括文章大意，适合做文章标题。故选C项。]
B
I had a childhood fear of water.This started when I was three years old and father took me to the beach.The huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.
Later at eleven，I decided to learn to swim.There was a pool at the Y．M.C.A.offering exactly the opportunity.Although my mother continually warned against it，and kept fresh in my mind the details of each drowning in the river，I knew the Y．M.C.A.pool was safe.
The pool was quiet.I was afraid of going in all alone，so I sat on the side of the pool to wait for others.Then came a big boy.He yelled，“Hi，Skinny! How'd you like to be ducked？” With that he picked me up and threw me into the deep end.I landed in a sitting position，and swallowed water.But I was not frightened out of my wisdom－ when my feet hit the bottom，I would make a big jump and come out of the surface.It seemed a long way down.I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards.Then I opened my eyes and saw nothing but water.I tried to yell but no sound came out.I went down，down，endlessly.
When I came to consciousness，I found myself lying on the bed in the hospital.I never went back to the pool.I avoided water whenever I could.This misadventure stayed with me as the years rolled by.It rid me of the joy of boating and swimming.Finally，I decided to get an instructor.Piece by piece，he built a swimmer.Several months later，the instructor was finished，but he knew I was not.Sometimes the terror would return.
This went on until July.I swam across the Lake Wentworth.Only once did the terror return.When I was in the middle of the lake，I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water.I laughed and said，“Well，Mr.Terror，what do you think you can do to me？” I had conquered my fear of water.
【语篇解读】　文章主要讲述了作者小时候和父亲去海滩的遭遇使作者开始害怕水，直到自己游过温特沃思湖时，才克服了对水的恐惧的经历。
4．What caused the author's original fear of water?
A．An experience on the beach.
B．The huge waves at the pool.
C．His mum's warning of drowning.
D．An unpleasant memory of the pool.
A　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I had a childhood fear of water.This started when I was three years old and father took me to the beach.The huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.”由此可知，我是小时候和父亲一起去海滩的遭遇使我开始害怕水，选项A与文意一致，故选A。]
5．Who thought I had to and could swim bravely?
A．My father.　　　　 B．My mother.
C．The big boy. D．The instructor.
C　[细节理解题。根据第三段“Then came a big boy.He yelled，‘Hi，Skinny! How'd you like to be ducked？’With that he picked me up and threw me into the deep end.”；be ducked意为“躲闪，躲避。”可知这个大男孩认为我是可以勇敢地游泳的。故选C。]
6．What happened when I swam in the Lake Wentworth?
A．I never felt scared.
B．I went to the bottom.
C．I met a Mr.Terror.
D．I grew fearless of water.
D　[细节理解题。由最后一段“I had conquered my fear of water.”可知，我对水已经不害怕了。选项D与文意相符，故选D。]
7．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Hello，Childhood Fear
B．Goodbye，Mr.Terror
C．A Swimming Adventure
D．Passion for Swimming
B　[标题归纳题。根据文章最后一段“When I was in the middle of the lake，I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water.I laughed and said，‘Well，Mr.Terror，what do you think you can do to me？’ I had conquered my fear of water.”再结合文章可知，作者主要描述了自己从小害怕水又到克服水的经历。所以文章主题应该是克服对水的恐惧。选项B符合文章主题，适合作标题，故选B。 ]
C
What makes a human being? Is it our thoughts? Our emotions? Our behavior?
All of these things make us who we are，but at the center of the matter is the genome (基因组)— the genes inside our bodies that may determine everything from our hair colour to our intelligence.But if we could change our genome，what would it mean to us?
In an online video posted on Nov.26，He Jiankui，a biological researcher from Southern University of Science and Technology in China，said that he had helped to make the world's first genetically edited babies.
These are twin girls，born in Nov.，with genes edited in an attempt to help them fight against possible future infection (感染)with the AIDS virus.
He said that he chose to do this because HIV infections are a big problem in China.“I feel such a strong responsibility that it's not just to make a first，but also to set an example，” He told the Associated Press(AP).
The announcement has caused an international storm.Some believe that success will benefit the families of HIV patients.Considering that HIV is “a major and growing public health threat，” attempted gene editing for HIV is justifiable，Harvard Medical School genetics professor George Church told AP.
However，others think that gene editing technology is still unsafe to attempt.
“Gene editing itself is experimental and is still associated with unexpected mutations (突变)，causing genetic problems early and later in life，including the development of cancer，” Julian Savulescu，a specialist in ethics at the University of Oxford，told BBC News.
Others fear that this could open the door to using gene editing technology to make designer babies.It might give the parents the choices to choose everything from their baby's eye color to intelligence.
“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades’ for their children，leading to even greater inequality than we already live with，” Marcy Darnovsky，director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics，told BBC News.
However，Merlin Crossley，a biologist at the University of New South Wales，Australia，believes that's a long way off.According to him，many genes produce qualities like height and intelligence — not to mention environmental influences.
And he believes the technology will be better controlled in the future.
“It's hard to get genies (妖怪)back into bottles — but I'm optimistic that this technology，which I think of as ‘genetic surgery’，could be controlled quite effectively in the future，” Crossley told ABC News.
【语篇解读】　文章讨论了对于基因重组这一话题不同的科学家的态度，有的支持这一方面的发展，有的提出担忧，认为对人类进化的干涉可能会导致意料之外的问题，有的相信此技术在未来会得到更好的控制。
8．Why did He Jiankui make the genetically edited babies?
A．Because he wanted to be a leader in gene editing technology.
B．Because he tried to do his part in fighting against HIV infection.
C．Because he attempted to help the twin girls who were infected with AIDS.
D．Because he wanted to became the first to make the genetically edited babies in the world.
B　[细节理解题。根据第四段“These are twin girls，born in Nov.，with genes edited in an attempt to help them fight against possible future infection with the AIDS virus.”以及第五段中“He said that he chose to do this because HIV infections are a big problem in China.”以及他的话“I feel such a strong responsibility that it's not just to make a first，but also to set an example”可知，He Jiankui之所以要制造基因编辑婴儿是因为他想努力在与艾滋病病毒的斗争中尽自己的一份力量。故选B项。]
9．For those who are against gene editing technology，their reasons are as follows EXCEPT ________．
A．Gene editing can cause genetic problems sooner or later in life
B．Gene editing may widen the gap between the rich and the poor
C．Gene editing may enable wealthy parents to design their babies
D．Gene editing can determine everything inside a person's body
D　[细节理解题。根据第八段中“Gene editing itself is experimental and is still associated with unexpected mutations，causing genetic problems early and later in life，including the development of cancer”第九段“Others fear that this could open the door to using gene editing technology to make designer babies.It might give the parents the choices to choose everything from their baby's eye color to intelligence.”和第十段中“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades’ for their children，leading to even greater inequality than we already live with”可知，那些反对基因编辑技术的人的理由中没有提到“基因编辑可以决定人体内的一切”。故选D项。]
10．What does the underlined word “justifiable” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Absurd. B．Hopeless.
C．Acceptable. D．Skilful.
C　[词义猜测题。画线词句下一段“However，others think that gene editing technology is still unsafe to attempt.”语义转折，表示有人认为基因编辑技术是不安全的，说明前文是赞成基因编辑技术的，从而推断出画线词句“Considering that HIV is ‘a major and growing public health threat，’ attempted gene editing for HIV is justifiable，Harvard Medical School genetics professor George Church told AP.”中画线词语justifiable应是“正确的，可行的”的意思，选项C “可接受的”与之意义最为接近。故选C项。]
11．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Gene editing: the genie in the bottle
B．Gene editing: the way we should go
C．Gene editing: hope or fear for human beings
D．Gene editing: a great success in human history
C　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讨论了对于基因重组这一话题不同的科学家的态度，有的支持这一方面的发展，如第六段；有的提出担忧，认为对人类进化的干涉可能会导致意料之外的问题，如第八、九、十段。选项C“基因编辑：人类的希望还是恐惧”突出主题，强调了两种不同的观点，适合作标题。故选C项。]
D
Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the coronavirus with heat by drawing power from a mobile phone charger.
The disinfecting(消毒)process takes about half an hour—and users should not wear the mask while it is plugged in，said Professor Yair Ein­Eli，who led the research team at Technion University in Haifa.TI new mask has a USB port that connects to a power source such as a standard cell phone charger that heats an inner layer of carbon fibres to 70 degrees Celsius，high enough to kill viruses.
Ein­Eli said disposable mask's，in high demand globally during the health crisis，were not economically or environmentally friendly.“This is our solution，” he said.
Professor Allon Moses，an infectious diseases expert at Jerusalem's Hadassah Medical Center，said there was “no question” that a half hour's exposure to 70­degree heat would kill the coronavirus.But he cautioned that repeated heating could “damage the mask's paper or fabric and spoil its ability to protect from diseases in the future.”
During testing，the prototype was exposed to 20 heating cycles，each for half an hour，with no damage on durability，Ein­Eli said.“We can guarantee it up to a few dozen cycles，without any risk，” he added.
The prototype looks like a standard N95 face mask，with a valve(阀)at the front and bands to hold it in place around the head.The researchers submitted a patent for the mask in the United States in late March and say they are discussing commercializing the product with the private sector.It will likely sell at a $1 premium over the price of a typical disposable face mask，the researchers say.
【语篇解读】　文章讲述了以色列理工学院的科研人员近日研发出新型的充电口罩，这种口罩通过充电加热杀死口罩上的病毒。而且新型充电口罩既经济又环保。
12．How long does the disinfecting process usually take?
A．Around 20 minutes.
B．Around 30 minutes.
C.Around 60 minutes.
D．Around 70 minutes.
B　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“ The disinfecting process takes about half an hour...”可知，口罩消毒过程大约花费半小时。故选B。]
13．Why do Israeli researchers invent a new face mask?
A．To kill viruses thoroughly.
B．To spread a novel idea.
C．To replace the traditional ones.
D．To make reusable and friendly ones.
D　[推理判断题。根据第三段“Ein­Eli said disposable masks，in high demand globally during the health crisis，were not economically or environmentally friendly.‘This is our solution，’ he said.”可知，为了解决当前在健康危机期间全球需求旺盛的一次性口罩既不经济也不环保问题，因此，科学家们才发明这种既经济又环保的新型口罩。故选D。]
14．What was Allon Moses' concern according to the passage?
A．The reusable face masks were unhealthy.
B．70­degree heat would hurt people in a way.
C．The cost of reusable face masks may be high.
D．The function of mask to prevent diseases was ruined.
D　[细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“But he cautioned that repeated heating could ‘damage the mask's paper or fabric and spoil its ability to protect from diseases in the future’”．可知，阿龙·摩西教授认为反复加热可能会“损坏口罩的材料或织物，并破坏其未来预防疾病的能力”。由此可以看出，阿龙·摩西教授担心的是反复加热后对口罩预防疾病功能的破坏。故选D。]
15．What is the meaning of the underlined word “premium” in the last paragraph?
A．Fine. B．Extra.
C．Currency. D．Face value.
B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后部分“over the price of a typical disposable face mask(比普通一次性口罩的价格还要贵)”可知，这种口罩应该比一次性的多付出费用。因此，premium应是“额外”的意思。故选B。]
第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why are people taking pictures of their faces，their hobbies and their food? Why do we capture every single moment？　16　
The special thing about photography is that we can capture moments anywhere and anytime.All we need for this is our smartphone－something that rarely leaves our side.
　17　 Every single one of us can get started with this wonderful hobby，no matter if your goal is to sell your photographs or just to keep them for your own viewing pleasure.
Every picture you take is a personal story.There is no painting without context(背景).However，unlike a painting，you don't need to spend hours of your time on it.　18　
If you prefer to share your pictures with the world，you can also get immediate feedback(反馈).　19　 Pictures connect and show the people around us what's going on in our life right now.
The most amazing thing for me is without question the ability to capture every single click of a button.　20　 It's crazy how the emotions of one single picture can throw you back in time.We can connect to our past，no matter where we are and preserve those memories that are most meaningful.
A．Camera phones allow us to upload our pictures in a few seconds.
B．Photography is an amazing tool to appreciate the world around us and to stay in the moment.
C．I can't really give you an answer，because I also like taking photos of everything.
D．Compared to other forms of visual art，you don't need any special talent for it.
E．This enables me to remember every experience as it happens.
F．It is a way to express yourself through different photographs.
G．It is a way to allow each of you to become an artist.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人们喜欢拍照的原因。
16．C　[根据上文中“Why are people taking pictures of their faces，their hobbies and their food? Why do we capture every single moment？”(为什么人们要拍他们的脸，他们的爱好和他们的食物？ 为什么我们要捕捉每一个瞬间？)提出了问题，由此推知下文要对问题进行回答。故选C。]
17．D　[根据下文“Every single one of us can get started with this wonderful hobby，no matter if your goal is to sell your photographs or just to keep them for your own viewing pleasure.”推知，前文讲的是这个爱好(拍照)是不用任何技巧，人们仅仅是为了自己的观赏乐趣才保留它们。选项D符合语境，故选D。]
18．F　[根据上文“Every picture you take is a personal story...However，unlike a painting，you don't need to spend hours of your time on it.”可知，你所拍摄的每一张照片都是一个个人故事。然而，不像一幅画，你不需要花几个小时在上面。讲述了拍照不费时间，所以下文要说的是拍照可以通过不同的照片来表达自己。选项符合语境，故选F。]
19．A　[根据上文“If you prefer to share your pictures with the world，you can also get immediate feedback.”可知，如果你喜欢与世界分享你的照片，你也可以立即得到反馈。选项A符合语境，选项中的“upload our pictures in a few seconds”与上文的“immediate feedback ”在逻辑上是一致的，故选A。]
20．E　[根据上文“The most amazing thing for me is without question the ability to capture every single click of a button.”推知，下文讲述的是这样做给“我”带来的意义。选项E语义上与前文一致，故选E。]
第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Growing up，I knew one thing about my accountant father: he understood everything.In my teen years，he taught me things I'd need to know to 　21　in the real world.When I moved out，I called him each week，usually when something 　22　in my apartment.But then I got married，I needed him 　23　．When I called，our conversations 　24　into six words: “Hi，Dad.” Him: “Hi，sweets.Here's Mom.”(Then Dad gave the phone to Mom.)I loved my dad，　25　I wondered at times if maybe he had already 　26　everything I needed to know.
This past summer，I moved in with my parents while our house was being repaired.Dad asked me to help him 　27　the bulkhead at their dock.As we put the new bulkhead together piece by piece，my dad knowing 　28　what went where，I looked at him.“How do you know how to build a bulkhead？” “I spent a summer in college building them.” “You did？” I thought I knew everything about my dad—all his 　29　 jobs.I knew about him being the apple collector，the TV repairer.But I never knew this.“Yep.Now let me teach you how to use this saw(锯子).”As he explained the 　30　，I realized that maybe it's not that there's nothing left to say.Maybe it's just that I've spent my life asking him the 　31　 questions.
After I moved back，I called my parents.Dad answered.“Hi，sweets.Here's Mom.”“ 　32　 Dad.” I said.“How are you？” We 　33　 talking about work he was doing.To anyone else，it would sound like a 　34　conversation between a dad and his daughter.But to me，it was a new 　35　. I spent the first part of my life needing to talk to my dad.Now I talk to him because I want to.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者小时候经常问父亲各种问题，父亲也教会作者如何在现实世界生存，随着作者长大，结婚后，与父亲对话就越来越少了。直到有一次，父亲让作者重建码头的舱壁，工作中的对话让作者意识到自己并不是和父亲没话可说。从那以后，作者更加珍惜和父亲一起交流。
21．A.survive B．imagine
C．change D．discover
A　[根据前文“In my teen years”可知，当作者十几岁的时候，父亲教给她的是怎样“生存”。故选A项。]
22．A.stopped B．broke
C．interrupted D．disappeared
B　[基于上题的分析可知，作者小时候，父亲教她生存，作者渐渐长大，搬出去后，生活中遇到问题，还要求助于父亲，所以此处指有东西损坏的时候，就向父亲求助。故选B项。]
23．A.more B．better
C．less D．little
C　[根据“But”的语义转折可知，原来东西坏了求助父亲，结婚后有丈夫帮忙，就不怎么求助父亲了。因此是和没有结婚前作比较，故排除D项。故选C项。]
24．A.changed B．remained
C．cut D．summarized
A　[根据句意可知，因为生活上不再求助于父亲，所以电话内容就变成了简单的问候。故选A项。]
25．A.as B．and
C．so D．but
D　[后文“wondered at times if maybe he had already ________ everything I needed to know.”和前文“I loved my dad”是转折关系，所以用转折连词but。故选D项。]
26．A.commanded B．required
C．informed D．shared
D　[根据上文“In my teen years，he taught me things I'd need to know to______ in the real world.”可知，作者怀疑父亲是否已经告诉了作者所需要知道的一切。故选D项。]
27．A.reform B．recall
C．rebuild D．recycle
C　[根据后文“How do you know how to build a bulkhead？”可知，这里应指“重建”。故选C项。]
28．A.specially B．exactly
C．actually D．generally
B　[这里作者描写父亲丰富的工作经验，根据前文“As we put the new bulkhead together piece by piece”可知，父亲能够精确地知道每个部件的位置。故选B项。]
29．A.random B．formal
C．official D．current
A　[根据前文“everything”可知，这里指所有的任意的工作。故选A项。]
30．A.decision B．plan
C．skills D．phenomena
C　[根据前文“Now let me teach you how to use this saw.”可知，父亲解释给作者的是“技巧”。故选C项。]
31．A.wrong B．simple
C．difficult D．awkward
A　[根据前文“I realized that maybe it's not that there's nothing left to say”可知，作者意识到和父亲并不是说没什么可说的了，可以推断，也许是问的问题不合适，问的问题不对。故选A项。]
32．A.Listen B．Hello
C．Wait D．Pardon
C　[根据后文“We ________ talking about work he was doing.”作者和父亲继续交流可知，原来作者和父亲在电话里都是简单的问候，现在作者怕父亲挂电话，所以说“等等”。故选C项。]
33．A.ended up B．took up
C．aimed at D．paused at
A　[因为作者意识到父亲有丰富的工作经验，所以从问候开始，最终谈论的是父亲正在做的工作。故选A项。]
34．A.special B．normal
C．aimless D．occasional
B　[根据后文“ between a dad and his daughter”可知，此处指作者和父亲的对话看似平常。故选B项。]
35．A.conversation B．reality
C．skill D．beginning
D　[根据前文“ To anyone else，it would sound like a ____conversation between a dad and his daughter.But to me”以及后文“I spent the first part of my life needing to talk to my dad.”可知，对于作者来说，这是人生中的一个新的开始。故选D项。]
第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Today，many people are worried about endangered species.But isn't it just normal for some animals to die out?
The situation today is different from 36.________ of the past.In the past，animals died out over a long period of time.When animals died out in the past，it was usually because of the weather or other 37.________(nature)causes.
What is happening today is 38.________ (total)different.We are killing millions of species in a short time.The result is that we are killing our future，because so many species 39.________(kill)in such a short time that even 40.________ fittest can't survive.In fact，there won't be enough species to choose from.Without enough animals and plants，evolution cannot function and nature will get 41.________(bad)instead of getting better.
Many of the species 42.________(disappear)on earth are unknown and few people even know that they are dying out.These animals and plants started to live on earth long 43.________us and we have no right to kill them.We may also need these species in the future.We must try to keep the endangered species alive.If we allow these species 44.________(die)out，we are in fact becoming endangered 45.________(our).
【语篇解读】　如今，很多物种在很短的时间内就被杀害，这与过去的情形完全不同。很多物种对自然和人类都至关重要，我们不能任由它们灭绝。
36．that　[考查代词。分析该句结构可知，空处作介词from的宾语，该句表示“如今的情形和过去的不同”，空处指代该句中的the situation，故用that。]
37．natural　[考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词causes，故用所给词的形容词形式。该句意为：在过去，动物灭绝通常是因为天气或其他自然的原因。]
38．totally　[考查词性转换。副词修饰形容词，空处修饰形容词different，故用所给词的副词形式。]
39．are (being)killed　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该从句的主语是so many species，谓语动词应用复数形式，和动词kill之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，又结合语境可知，此处叙述的为客观存在的情况或此刻正在进行的动作，表示“如此多的物种(正在)被杀死”，故用一般现在时的被动语态或现在进行时的被动语态，故填are(being)killed。]
40．the　[考查冠词。根据空后的形容词的最高级形式fittest可知，此处应用定冠词the。该句意为：结果是我们正在扼杀我们的未来，因为如此多的物种在如此短的时间内(正在)被杀死，即使是最健康的物种也无法生存。]
41．worse　[考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级形式better并结合语境可知，此处表示没有足够的动物和植物，进化就无法进行，大自然会变得更糟而不是更好。故填worse，表示“更糟”。]
42．disappearing　[考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，此处为分词短语作定语，修饰前面的名词species，且该名词和动词disappear之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用所给词的现在分词形式。]
43．before　[考查介词。根据该句中的“we have no right to kill them”和语境可知，这些动植物要比人类早很久就开始在地球上生活。故填before“在……以前”。]
44．to die　[考查固定用法。allow sb./sth.to do sth.为固定用法，表示“允许某人/某物做某事”。]
45．ourselves　[考查反身代词。根据该句主语we并结合语境可知，此处表示如果我们任由这些物种灭绝，我们自己实际上也正濒临灭绝。故用反身代词ourselves。]
第三部分　写作(共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节(满分 15 分)
假定你是李华，你在网上看到美国人Peter发帖说他即将来你所在的城市游玩，欲找一个当地人陪游。
请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示兴趣；
2．自我介绍；
3．期待回复。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter，
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Peter，
I'm Li Hua.I've seen your post online that a local citizen is needed to accompany you during your travel in our city next month.So interested am I that I write this email to apply.
Born and brought up in this city，I have a good knowledge of it，including its tourist attractions，cuisines and culture.In addition，having been learning English for over a decade，I have no difficulty communicating in English.Therefore，I think I'm the right person you're looking for.
Looking forward to your early reply!
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing.However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry Ⅳ，King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long­lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea；clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first­time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist (免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.(要点1)In the early 16th century，people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.(要点2)However，people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago.(要点3)They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.(要点4)But nowadays，some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.(要点5)