高考英语二轮复习重难点01 阅读理解之应用文（解析版）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习重难点01 阅读理解之应用文（解析版），共14页。
  【命题趋势】应用文一般分为两类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记等，近两年高考试题较少涉及；另一类是说明性应用文，包括各种广告、产品说明、旅游指南、报刊书信、公共通告和备忘录等；而近两年高考试题中的阅读理解均侧重考查后一类 。【满分技巧】高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下：1. 先题后文先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。2. 题干定向根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。3. 生词模糊遇到生词；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。4. 信息补全对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。总之，应用文类型的阅读文章一般说来比较易理解，文章类型以广告形式居多，设问根据文章的段落秩序，多以细节事实理解为主，答案的寻找可以根据问题中的关键字顺藤摸瓜，辅以适当的推理判断。了解了应用文的措辞和内容特点，我们在实践中总结出解答应用文试题的关键是：抓信息。提示：应用文阅读题做完后，不可轻易改答案，要相信第一感觉。因为第一次解题时思路最清晰，假如没十分把握，以不改为好，防止弄巧成拙。【热点话题】    应用文热衷话题有：就业、旅游、电影、书籍等海报。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（长春外国语学校2020-2021学年第一学期高三年级期初考试）话题：这是一篇布告类应用文。难度：★★建议用时：5分There are no bad authors for children. Children like and want to read and seek out, because every child is different. They can find the stories they need, and they bring themselves to stories. Here are some books children should read.The Little Prince, by Antoine de Saint-ExuperyThis book tells the story of a stranded (陷入困境的)airplane pilot，who meets an otherworldly little prince in the Sahara desert. The Little Prince is a fascinating character and the author’s watercolor illustrations are beautiful. There is an excellent pop-up(立体的)book version.At the Back of the North Wind，by George MacDonaldGeorge MacDonald has written several other lovely children’s books—The Princess and the Goblin is a must-read. But this book is perhaps his sweetest. A little boy named Diamond meets the mysterious lady North Wind one stormy night, and she brings him on many adventures through the night sky.Carry On，Mr. Bowditch, by Jean Lee LathamThis excellent book explores the world of sea travel and colonial England through its main character, Nat Bowditcli. Nat has to give up dreams of Harvard to become an indentured (受契约约束的)servant. Nonetheless, he teaches himself advanced mathematics, and grows up to become captain of his own ship.The Phantom Tollbooth，by Norman JusterIts protagonist (主角），Milo，is a bored little boy who discovers a “phantom tollbooth”—and with it，an imaginative world in which numbers，words，music，and sounds come to life. He is given the “impossible” mission of returning two princesses to the Kingdom of Wisdom. In the process, he has learned valuable lessons, finding a love of learning.1. Which of the following books has beautiful pictures in it?A. The Little Prince B. At the Back of the North WindC. Carry On，Mr. Bowditch D. The Phantom Tollbooth2. In Jean Lee Latham’s book, Nat Bowditch ________.A. doesn’t want to go to universityB. gives up his dream of being a captainC. learns advanced mathematics by himselfD. wants to teach mathematics in Harvard3. What does the book The Phantom Tollbooth focus on?A. Adventures through the night sky. B. Learning in a fun way.C. Exploration of the ocean world. D. Romantic stories in the desert.【答案】1. A    2. C    3. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇布告类阅读。文章作者为孩子们推荐了一些应该读的书。1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二部分的The little prince is a fascinating character and the author’s watercolor illustrations are beautiful.可知，The Little Prince中有精美的插图，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四部分的Nonetheless, he teaches himself advanced mathematics可知，Nat Bowditch自学了高等数学，故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一部分的In the process, he has learned valuable lessons, finding a love of learning. 可知 The Phantom Tollbooth 一书介绍了一位觉得什么都了无生趣的主人公米洛在经历了一次奇妙旅程之后，找到了学习的乐趣，故B项正确。【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理 做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。小题3题干要求指出The Phantom Tollbooth这本书关注什么？最后一部分的In the process, he has learned valuable lessons, finding a love of learning.中 finding a love of learning.是关键词，可知 The Phantom Tollbooth 一书介绍了一位觉得什么都了无生趣的主人公米洛在经历了一次奇妙旅程之后，找到了学习的乐趣，故B项正确。所以同学们一定要抓住关键词进行合理推断。B（郑州外国语学校2020届高三第八次调研考试）话题：这是一篇应用文。文章是针对孩子们夏令营活动的一则广告。难度：★★建议用时：5分Camp All-StarOne of a Kind Summer Camps for KidsWelcome to Camp All-Star, your No. 1 summer sports camp for kids! Located on the famous Kents Hill School campus by the beautiful lake, Camp All-Star hosts kids from around the world. When thinking about your next overnight summer camp, consider the best—Camp All-Star!Great Sports Summer Camps for KidsCamp All-Star stands out among the successful camps in the U.S. We have the best sports fields and courts to make your child’s sports camp experience a successful one. Your child can enjoy playing for hours in any of our more than 30 sports and activities each day. Our camper to staff rate is three to one, which makes it possible for children to receive more careful instruction.We have a wide variety of activities and sports to choose from: fishing, dance, basketball, soccer, baseball, and tennis. Boys and girls, aged 8-16, can customize their own schedules in our 2, 3, 4 or 6 week summer camp session for kids.The aim of Camp All-Star is to develop athletic skills, encourage abilities in leadership, fair play and team work, and provide a fun, rewarding and memorable summer sports camp experience. Our staff have the experience and qualified training necessary to ensure that your child has a successful, memorable and enjoyable time at our summer camp.Call Today About Our Overnight Summer Camps for KidsDon’t let your kids waste another summer playing video games and sitting around. Let them enjoy their time and get some exercise at our exciting and friendly summer sports camp. Information for our upcoming camps can be found on our website. For additional information or questions, contact us today. We hope your kids can join us at Camp All-Star!1. Camp All-Star stands out among the others because it ______.A. is surrounded by a beautiful lakeB. provides various activities and sportsC. offers timely information on its websiteD. allows children to play outside all day long2. One of the goals of Camp All-star is to ______.A. fire kids’ imagination B. build up kids’ confidenceC. develop kids’ leadership skills D. promote kids’ self-control3. The passage is likely to appear in ______.A. an advertisement B. a guidebookC. a news report D. a magazine【答案】1. B    2. C    3. A【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章是针对孩子们夏令营活动的一则广告，广告里详细介绍了3个夏令营项目的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题. 根据文章中第二段中的Your child can enjoy playing for hours in any of our more than 30 sports and activities each day. (您的孩子可以在我们每天超过30项的运动和活动中享受数小时的玩耍。)可知，Camp All-Star与众不同的地方是在于他们活动的多样性。B. provides various activities and sports (提供各种活动和体育活动) 符合题意。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。文章第四段的The aim of Camp All-Star is to develop athletic skills, encourage abilities in leadership, fair play and team work, and provide a fun, rewarding and memorable summer sports camp experience.( Camp All-Star夏令营的目标是发展运动技能，鼓励领导能力，公平竞争和团队合作，并提供一个有趣的，有价值的和令人难忘的夏令营经历。)可知，Camp All-Star夏令营的目标有好几个，培养孩子的领导能力是其中的一个目标。C. develop kids’ leadership skills (培养孩子的领导能力) 符合题意。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。通过文章中welcome, consider, contact us等信息，可推测出，Camp All-Star是一则针对孩子们夏令营活动的广告。A. an advertisement一则广告；B. a guidebook一个旅游手册；C. a news report一条新闻报道；D. a magazine一本杂志。故选A项。C（江西师大附中 2020 届高三三模英语考试卷）话题：这是一篇应用文。一则“年度教育家大赛”的公告。难度：★★建议用时：5分Do you know an outstanding junior high or senior high school teacher, coach, guidance counselor (辅导员), librarian, or headmaster? Nominate (提名) that special teacher you’ll always remember and give him/her the chance to be recognized in a famous national magazine through “Educator of the Year Contest”!PrizesCash awards will be given to those from across the country who are given the honor of Educator of the Year. Besides, your winning essays will also be published in our magazine.GuidelinesWe will only consider essays written by teens. Nominations must be for junior high or senior high school educators only. Elementary school educators are not suitable.Convince us your educator is special. Tell us about his or her style of teaching, his or her role in school activities, and community service. What has your educator done for the entire school, for your class, for you or for other students? Tell us some stories about your teacher with specific details. Keep your essay between 200 and 1,000 words. Remember to include the first and last name, position, and school of your educator in your essay.Don’t forget to submit your essays through our website. You can also read our submission guidelines for more information on this website.DeadlineThe deadline for submitting your essays is December 30. If your essays are accepted, they will appear in our magazine all over the year. Winners will be made public after the January issue is published.21. What is the purpose of the contest?A. To make the magazine popular.B. To choose “Educator of the Year”.C. To stress the importance of teachers.D. To encourage people to be teachers.22. Who can write the essay for the contest?A. Librarians in senior high school.B. Teachers in junior high school.C. Students in junior high school.D. Guidance counselors in senior high school.23. What is the basic content of the essay for the contest?A. Your teacher’s previous honors.B. The basic information of your school.C. Some examples of your special teacher.D. Your appreciation of your teacher’s hard work.【答案】21. B    22. C    23. C【解析】这是一篇应用文。一则“年度教育家大赛”的公告。这个大赛是为了评比杰出教育家，它由青少年学生提交文章推荐初高中老师，获奖者可以获得现金奖励和年度教育工作者荣誉称号。公告公布了提交文章的最终截止日期。【21题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段Do you know an outstanding junior high or senior high school teacher, coach, guidance counselor (辅导员), librarian, or headmaster? Nominate (提名) that special teacher you’ll always remember and give him/her the chance to be recognized in a famous national magazine through “Educator of the Year Contest”! 你认识一位优秀的初中或高中教师、教练、辅导员、图书管理员或校长吗？提名你会永远记住的一位特别的老师，并给他或她能在著名的国家杂志中通过“年度教育家大赛”被认可的机会！由此可知，这个大赛的目的是选拔年度教育家。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。在Guidelines中的We will only consider essays written by teens.我们只考虑青少年写的文章。由此可知，青少年能为大赛写文章。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。Guidelines中的Tell us about his or her style of teaching, his or her role in school activities, and community service. What has your educator done for the entire school, for your class, for you or for other students? Tell us some stories about your teacher with specific details.告诉我们他或她的教学风格，他或她在学校活动和社区服务中的作用。你的老师为整个学校、你的班级、你或其他学生做了些什么？告诉我们一些关于老师的故事，并详细介绍。由此可知，要向大赛提交的文章最基本是要包括这个特别的老师所做的具体工作，就是具体实例。故选C。D（黑龙江省实验中学2020高三期末英语冲刺仿真模拟训练试题六）话题：本文一篇应用文，主要介绍了几则旅游广告。 难度：★★建议用时：4分  Turkey — Yakamoz HotelEstablished in 1992Yakamoz is a small and friendly hotel situated near Fethiye in south­west Turkey.Offering traditional Turkish hospitality, fabulous Mediterranean cuisine and charming gardens, Yakamoz delights all who enter its gates.·All rooms have bathrooms and balconies；·Open from April to late October；·2019 rates — twin bedded rooms ￡20 per person；·Show this ad to get an exclusive 10% Lonely Planet guide book discount.www.yakamozhotel.comEmail：info@yakamozhotel.comCastawaysA specialist in tailor­made holidays to Mallorca, Spain, Madeira，Portugal, The Canary Islands, Cyprus and France.* * * * *Quote Lonely Planet guide book to save ￡50 per person on your 2019 holiday.* * * * *01737 812255www.castaways.co.ukOnce in a Lifetime Peru AdventureThe Desert，the Andes and the Amazon are included on a spectacular two­week self­drive guided holiday.Reach locations in South America that others can only dream of with Peru Safari.Peru safariThe heart of adventureT：＋44 01744 889819 or ＋44 07522 776160E：info@perusafari.comW：www.perusafari.comRail Holidays of the World·Discover Peru and Brazil’s cultural highlights by train；·Explore California by steam and railroad；·Travel by rail into Eastern Canada’s remote wilderness；·Take a fabulous rail tour of Australia&New Zealand in early 2019.Over 40 Years of Unforgettable Rail Journeys☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆Ffestingiog Travelwww.ffestingiogtravel.com 01766 512400  1. What is the cost for two nights of accommodation for two people at the Yakamoz Hotel with the Lonely Planet guide book discount?A. ￡88. B. ￡80.C. ￡72. D. ￡64.2. Rail holidays are available for ________.A. North America, Europe and AustraliaB. North America, South America and AsiaC. Australia, Asia and EuropeD. North America, South America and Australia3. How many advertisements offer holidays to Peru?A. One. B. Two.C. Three. D. Four.【答案】1. C    2. D    3. B【解析】本文一篇应用文，主要介绍了几则旅游广告。【1题详解】数字计算题。根据Turkey—Yakamoz Hotel部分中的twin bedded rooms ￡20 per person(双床房每人每晚￡20)和Show this ad to get an exclusive 10% Lonely Planet guide book discount.( 显示此广告可获得独家10%的Lonely Planet指南书的折扣)，并结合题干可知，两个人两夜优惠后应付的费用是：￡20×2×2×90%＝￡72。故选C。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Rail Holidays of the World部分中提到的Peru(秘鲁)、Brazil(巴西) 、California(加利福利亚)、Eastern Canada(加拿大东部)、Australia& New Zealand(澳大利亚和新西兰)可推知，在这个度假活动中可以去北美洲、南美洲和澳大利亚。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。Once in a Lifetime Peru Adventure部分中“Reach locations in South America that others can only dream of with Peru Safari”和Rail Holidays of the World中“Discover Peru and Brazil’s cultural highlights by train”两处都提到了去Peru度假。故选B。E（天津市耀华中学2020届高三上学期开学测试）话题：夏令营难度：★★建议用时：5分Kinder CampThis is a week-long camp, Monday through Friday, for children from three years old to those entering first grade in the fall. Early childhood educators guide your child through activities including songs, games, stories and walks in the woods. Daily themes include dirt, furry animals, insects and more! Parents sign up to bring a snack(小吃). Choose from either morning or afternoon sessions, from June 9 to July 1& 2019.Kids CampChildren explore all day in the natural world. Art, music, cooperative games and hikes through the woods are some of the activities in this fun-filled week. Each grade level has its own camp program especially designed with the campers5 interests in mind.Camp takes place Monday through Friday, 9 am to 3 pm.Level 1 (completed 1st grade): July 28 to August 1, 2019.Level 2 (completed 2nd grade): August 4 to & 2019.Level 3 (completed 3rd grade): August 11 to 15, 2019.Please note: children must bring their own lunches.Outdoor ExpeditionsSend your child on a traveling adventure. Teenagers will investigate the natural, cultural and historical facts that make their hometown a great city. Activities will include unique field trips and tours.Outdoor Expedition: from 9 am to 3 pm, August 11 to 15, 2019.Please note: children must bring their own lunches.Rainbow CampCampers enjoy all kinds of activities including arts and crafts, music and singing, drama, active games, cooking and a host of special events that go with our theme weeks! Special guests are invited to the camp every week to entertain our campers and may include storytellers, musicians and magicians.Week-long camps, June 14 to July 18.Campers must be at least 4 years old to take part.For more information, call Frick Environmental Center at (412) 422—6538.12. According to the passage, we can infer that Kinder Camp is probably organized to __________.A. help children learn about nature while playingB. get children prepared for primary schoolC. offer parents a chance to play with their childrenD. develop children’s language skills13. Campers in which of the following camps have the chance to meet special guests?A. Kinder Camp. B. Outdoor Expeditions.C. Rainbow Camp. D. Kids Camp.14. Jack, aged 13, interested in nature and is free in August, would probably take __________.A. Rainbow Camp B. Kids CampC. Kinder Camp D. Outdoor Expeditions15. Of the four camps, the common thing is that __________.A. they are all whole-day camps for childrenB. they all last five days for each groupC. they all require campers to bring their own lunchesD. they are all for children over five years old16. What is the purpose of writing this article?A. To show the importance of attending camps.B. To tell us how to have fun during vacations.C. To introduce how to play with children.D. To give us some information about camps.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个夏令营。12. A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一小节“Early childhood educators guide your child through activities including songs, games, stories and walks in the woods. Daily themes include dirt, furry animals, insects and more!”可推断出，Kinder Camp的目的是帮助孩子在玩耍的同时了解大自然。故选A项。13. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四小节中“Special guests are invited to the camp every week to entertain our campers and may include storytellers, musicians and magicians.” 每周都会邀请特别的客人来营地招待我们的露营者，其中可能包括讲故事的人、音乐家和魔术师。故选C项。14. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一小节中的“Teenagers will investigate the natural, cultural and historical facts that make their hometown a great city.”及“Outdoor Expedition: from 9 am to 3 pm, August 11 to 15,2019.” Jack是个13岁的少年，喜欢大自然，八月有时间符合要求。故选D项。15. B【解析】细节理解题。第一组：“This is a week-long camp, Monday through Friday,”第二组：“Camp takes place Monday through Friday, 9 am to 3 pm.”。第三组：“Outdoor Expedition: from 9 am to 3 pm, August 11 to 15,2019.”。第四组:“Week-long camps, June 14 to July 18.”，可知其大概都持续五天。故选B项。16. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章意思可知，这是一篇介绍营地的文章，应该会发表在杂志或者广告上，他的主要目的是“To give us some information about camps.”即提供一些野营的信息。故选D项。F（广东省深圳市高级中学2020届高三上学期）话题：国外求学居住方式难度：★★★建议用时：6分Choosing where to live may be one of the biggest decisions you’ll make when you move to Sydney, but you’ll have plenty of help.Temporary arrival accommodationBefore you move to Sydney, we recommend that you book a temporary place to stay. Once you get here, you can look for longer-term accommodation.—sydney.edu.au/accommodation/short-termOn-campus-residential colleges (fully catered饮食全包的)The University has eight residential colleges on the Camperdown/Darlington Campus, including International House, a residential community of global scholars. Colleges provide comfortable, fully furnished single rooms and daily meals, along with sporting, cultural, leadership and social programs. They also include on-site tutorials(辅导课) in addition to campus-based classes.—sydney.edu.au/collegesOn-campus residences (self-catered饮食自理的)The University has two self-run residences—Queen Mary Building (QMB) and Abercrombie Student Accommodation—on the Camperdown/Darlington Campus. Both just under a year old, they house up to 1000 students. These residences provide modern single-study rooms with large common living, learning and study spaces, shared kitchens, a theatre, gyms, soundproofed music rooms, art studios, sky lounges and rooftop gardens.—sydney.edu.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-on-campus.htmlOff-campus livingMore than 90 percent of our students live off campus. The University is close to many dynamic and multicultural suburbs such as Annandale, Newtown, Chippendale and Glebe. A great place to search is our large online database of properties.—sydney.edu.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-off-campus.html17. Where can you find a place to live temporarily?A. On ＂sydney.edu.au/colleges＂.B. On ＂sydney.edu.au/accommodation/short-term＂.C. On ＂sydney.edu.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-on-campus.html＂.D. On ＂sydney.edu.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-off-campus.html＂.18. What do students living in QMB have access to?A. Their own kitchens.    B. On-site tutorials.   C. Daily meals.      D. Gyms.19. What is the most popular choice among students?A. Living off campus.B. Living in host families.C. Living in self-catered flats on campus.D. Living in fully catered houses on campus.【文章大意】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读。文章介绍了当你搬到悉尼的时候，选择在哪儿居住也许是你要做的最大的决定之一。本文对你会有一定的帮助。17. B【解析】细节理解题。根据Temporary arrival accommodation部分的Before you move to Sydney, we recommend that you book a temporary place to stay. Once you get here, you can look for longer-term accommodation.可知，在你去悉尼以前，你可以预订一个临时居住的地方。一旦你到那里以后，你可以寻找长期居住的地方。再结合下面提供的网址信息--sydney.edu.au/accommodation/short-term，可以找到答案。B选项正确。18. D【解析】细节理解题。根据On-campus residences (self-catered)部分的These residences provide modern single-study rooms with large common living, learning and study spaces, shared kitchens, a theatre, gyms, soundproofed music rooms, art studios, sky lounges and rooftop gardens.可知，生活在QMB的学生是可以进入体育馆的。故D选项正确。19. A【解析】推理判断题。由Off-campus living部分第一句 “More than 90 percent of our students live off campus.”可推知，超过90％的学生选择外宿。故A选项正确。