高考英语二轮复习重难点07 7选5（解析版）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习重难点07 7选5（解析版），共15页。
重难点07 7选5


【命题趋势】
阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》＂用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。＂的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述＂主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。＂可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。
【满分技巧】
【解题步骤1】
在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。
1. 先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题，然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。
【巧学妙记】
（一名(名词)袋（代词）鼠（数次）很特殊（特殊疑问词），连（连词）蹦（动词）带跳很彪（标点/标题）悍。）
2.要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。
3.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。
4.将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。
答题技巧
细节类题型解题技巧(词汇的衔接或逻辑的衔接)
1.词汇的衔接包括：
（1)词汇复现
复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。
复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
（2)同范畴词出现
同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
(3)代词线索
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。
2.逻辑关系的衔接
过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：
A, 并列关系：First(ly), Second(ly),...；First, then/next,...；In the first place， in the second place...;for one thing, for another thing ,...；then /next ,finally/last 等。
B, 递进关系：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ...but..., not only ...but also等。
C, 解释例证关系：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually ,in other words /that is to say 等
D, 因果关系： so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(结果） ,as a result (of), so/ such ...that ..., so that ...等
E, 转折对比关系：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等
F, 概况归纳关系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。
3.篇章结构类题解题技巧
根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略
{1)如果问题在段首
通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。
（2)如果问题在段尾
通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
备考策略：
• 注重实效。阅读时不仅要注意文章的细节，更应该注意文章的布局。
• 注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的名字或同样的日期都在语文或节选段落中出现，就认为它们是正确的选项，一定要符合逻辑，确保文章内容严谨。
• 注重速度。进行限时训练，培养实战观念，不可拖沓。
• 将近几年高考题进行分析，重点分析结构清晰分明的说明文和议论文。
【解题步骤2】
（1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为＂开门见山＂与＂末尾点题＂的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为＂结尾总结＂式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。
（2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。
（3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
（4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。
【总结】
主旨大意把握好，读懂选项更重要
关键信息相匹配，核查排除不可少
经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找＂信号词＂，回到选择项中筛选。复现
经验二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。同意
经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络,留意文章的起承转合,逻辑及结构
经验四：＂7选5＂句子选择题正确选择项排列有一条不成文规律：选择项呈＂锯齿＂顺序排列，按照人们习惯，看了A就接着看B，接着看C，依此到G，而我们一般做题的正确答案都是＂参差不齐，错落有致＂的，看了D之后不看E却看A，看E，看了E之后不看 F而看C。这可能是出题者为了干扰我们常规思维而设置的障碍，因此如果考试时间允许，我们可以拿这个来初步检验我们最后的答案是否＂正确＂。
这些技巧多练练就能孰能生巧。同学们学会了吗? 最后祝大家都能在今年的高考中取得好成绩!
【热点话题】
七选五热衷的话题有：学生生活，运动健康，社会现象
【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）
A
（2020年蚌埠第二中学高三综合能力测试）
话题：自言自语有助于我们规划要做的事情
难度：★★
建议用时：6分
七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness, ___16___ Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought.
Far from being mentally ill, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a description of our experience. ___17___
As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. ___18___ Psychological experiments have shown that the private speech can improve our performance on tasks ranging from judging what other people are thinking to sorting images into categories. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person, as “you” rather than “I”.
___19___ If you want proof, turn on the sports channel. You’re certain to see an athlete or two cheering themselves up with a bitter phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot.
Conduct a dialogue with ourselves. ___20___ The private speech seems to be a particularly good way of solving problems and working through ideas. The to-and-fro between different points of view means our thoughts can end up in expected places, just like a regular dialogue can, and might turn out to be one of the keys lo human creativity.
A. What is private speech?
B. But there is no need for embarrassment.
C. Psychologists refer to this as private speech.
D. Ask questions of the self and provide answers.
E. We do a lot of private speech when we are young.
F. As we grow older, we make the private speech become the way of blinking,
G. Although the private speech is effective, we never entirely put away the out-loud speech.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. F 19. G 20. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。自言自语似乎显得有点丢人。 自言自语非但不代表精神失常，而且恰恰相反，它有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和情绪，甚至还能创作一段关于自己经历的故事。
【16题详解】
根据上文“用人们熟知的话来说，自言自语是变疯的第一迹象。”以及空格后“自言自语——无论是大声说出还是在心中默念——都很有价值，是思考的一种工具。” 得知空格处表示转折，尽管大家以为自言自语不好，但你不必感到尴尬。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“自言自语有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和情绪，甚至还能创作一段关于自己经历的故事。” 得知空格处表示总结：心理学家将这种行为称作私下话语。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据下文“心理学实验已经表明，这种所谓的内在言语可以提高我们处理一些事情的能力，比如从判断别人在想什么，到把图片分门别类。” 得知空格处表示过渡：随着我们年龄的增长，我们并没有放弃这个体系——我们把它内化了。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据下文举例“打开体育频道，你一定会看到有那么一两个运动员在对自己说着鼓劲儿话，或是在没投中球后狠狠地责备自己。” 得知空格处表示转折：我们内化了在孩童时期使用的私下话语，但我们却从未完全放弃大声说出的方式。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据空上文“与自己进行对话。” 得知空格处承接上文表示：自问自答似乎是一种很好的解决问题和理清想法的方式。故选D。
B
（2020合肥六中高三质量检测）
话题：主要介绍了四种控制愤怒的建议
难度：★★
建议用时：6分
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are you an angry bird? When you’re angry, your body becomes tense. ____16____ Here are some other simple tricks to chill and think before you act.
Understand your anger
Think like a detective and track down clues about the kinds of situations, people, and events that set off your anger. ____17____ Even if you can’t get away from them, at least you’ll have more time to prepare for them so they don’t affect you so negatively. You can also think of the situation as an opportunity to practice not getting mad.
Go for a walk
When you get really angry, walk away from the source. A 5-minute walk outside or another calming activity like yoga are both great strategies for dealing with anger. If your anger arises from the traffic jam you’re stuck in, turn up the radio and sing at the top of your lungs. ____18____
Write letters
____19____ So if you’re trying to calm down fast, grab your journal and write it all out. You can simply write your own feelings or try writing a letter to the person who upsets you. You never have to send it and just writing it will help you feel better.
Talk about your anger
It’s not just writing that helps relieve anger. ____20____ The trick is not to unload your anger on the person making you upset but to release your pressure by talking with a neutral (中立的) friend, family member, or specialist. A neutral observer can bring reasonable judgment to the situation. You can even try talking out loud to yourself about it.
Now that you’ve learned how to keep your anger in check, try some of these little changes that will make you a happier person.
A. Expressing it orally can also be incredibly calming.
B. Once you’re aware of them, try to avoid them if possible.
C. Writing out your feelings really does help you feel better.
D. The idea is to create a mental or physical escape from the situation.
E. Losing your temper makes you look like the bad guy to everyone else.
F. Deep breathing is just one of the ways you can instantly turn a bad mood around.
G. Exercise can help people lower their levels of anger and other negative emotions.
【答案】16. F 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种控制愤怒的建议，建议人们试着做一些能让自己更快乐的小改变。
【16题详解】
根据上文When you’re angry, your body becomes tense.可知当你生气时，你的身体会变得紧张。由此可知，本句承接上文说明人生气时，会发出的一些动作，例如深呼吸等。故F选项“深呼吸只是一种立刻扭转坏情绪的方法”符合上下文语境，故选F。
【17题详解】
根据上文Think like a detective and track down clues about the kinds of situations, people, and events that set off your anger.可知像侦探一样思考，找出引起你愤怒的各种情况、人物和事件的线索。以及后文Even if you can’t get away from them, at least you’ll have more time to prepare for them so they don’t affect you so negatively. 可知即使你无法摆脱它们，至少你会有更多的时间来准备它们，这样它们就不会对你产生负面影响。由此可知，本句承接上文说明，找到这些引起你愤怒的各种情况、人物和事件的线索之后，应当尽可能避免它们。故B选项“一旦你意识到它们，尽可能避免它们”符合上下文语境，故选B。
【18题详解】
结合上文When you get really angry, walk away from the source. A 5-minute walk outside or another calming activity like yoga are both great strategies for dealing with anger. If your anger arises from the traffic jam you’re stuck in, turn up the radio and sing at the top of your lungs.可知当你真的生气的时候，远离源头。5分钟的户外散步或其他像瑜伽一样的平静活动都是处理愤怒情绪的好方法。如果你的愤怒是由于你被困在交通堵塞中，打开收音机，大声唱歌。由此可知，本段说明的是离开让你生气的源头，转移注意力，创造一个精神或身体上的逃避情况。故D选项“这个想法是创造一个精神或身体上的逃避情况”符合上下文语境，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据后文So if you’re trying to calm down fast, grab your journal and write it all out. You can simply write your own feelings or try writing a letter to the person who upsets you. You never have to send it and just writing it will help you feel better.可知所以，如果你想快速平静下来，拿起你的日记，把它全部写下来。你可以简单地写下你自己的感受，或者试着写一封信给让你心烦意乱的人。你不必发送它，只是写它会让你感觉更好。由此可知，本段说明的是生气时，写下你的感觉，会让你感觉更好。故C选项“写下你的感觉真的会让你感觉更好”符合上下文语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据本段小标题Talk about your anger(谈论你的愤怒)以及后文The trick is not to unload your anger on the person making you upset but to release your pressure by talking with a neutral friend, family member, or specialist. A neutral observer can bring reasonable judgment to the situation. You can even try talking out loud to yourself about it.可知诀窍是不要把你的愤怒发泄在让你难过的人身上，而是通过和一个中立的朋友、家人或专家交谈来释放你的压力。一个中立的观察者可以对情况作出合理的判断。你甚至可以试着大声对自己说。由此可知，本段主要说明的是用口头表达的方式来缓解愤怒，让自己平静下来。故A选项“口头表达也能让你非常平静”符合上下文语境，故选A。
C
（黑龙江省实验中学2020高三期末英语冲刺仿真模拟训练）
话题：如何停止消极的自我对话
难度：★★
建议用时：6分
根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever had times questioning yourself and feeling discouraged? If you answer yes, what you’ve experienced is negative self­talk. ___16___. You say to yourself untrue things like, “I’m not good enough. I’m a disappointment.” These false beliefs stop us in our tracks. So, how do you stop the negative self­talk?
•___17___
Know you’re special. You are “One of a Kind”！ There is no other person that thinks exactly like you. When you begin to sincerely believe how special you are, it’s easier to fight the negative self­talk.
•Change your associations
Your negative self­talk comes from your environment. You didn’t just accidentally wake up one day thinking of bad things about yourself. It may be because someone, somewhere in your life has told you negative things about you and whether you accept it or not, you believe them. However, if you surround yourself with the right people, they will build you up, inspire you and make you feel better. ___18___.
•Change your dialogue
Read and say all the wonderful things about yourself at least 5 times per day. Look at yourself in the mirror and say, “I am amazing！” ___19___， and you’ll believe you are awesome pretty soon.
Of course, there are other things to stop negative self­talk. ___20___， but if you are determined to think positively in every situation, that will bring a positive change in your life.
A. Think the same way
B. Change is not easy
C. Change your position
D. It begins in your brain
E. Change your state of mind
F. You’ll seek out the right people to help change your thoughts
G. You’ll start to believe the great things they tell you little by little
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. G 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文，文章主要介绍了如何停止消极的自我对话。
【16题详解】
D 空前一句是说如果你的答案是肯定的，那么你所经历的就是消极的自我对话。空后是说你对自己说一些不真实的情况，由此可推知，D项“它开始于你的大脑”衔接上下文，符合语境。故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，空处为本段的小标题。本段内容都是在描述一个人好的心态的表现，故E项“改变你的思想状态”最能概括本段内容。故选E项。
【18题详解】
根据空前一句“然而，如果你结交了正确的人，他们会让你振作起来，激励你，让你感觉更好”可知，G项“你会开始逐渐地相信他们告诉你的美好的事情”衔接上文，符合语境。故选G项。
【19题详解】
空前一句是说看着镜子中的自己对自己说“我太棒了”，空后是说你很快就会相信你很棒，由此可知A项“用同样的方式思考”符合语境。故选A项。
【20题详解】
上文Of course, there are other things to stop negative self­talk.说当然，还有其他事情可以阻止消极的自我对话。Of course, there are other things to stop negative self­talk.空后表示“但如果你决心在任何情况下都积极思考，这将给你的生活带来积极的改变”。其中but是表示转折意义的提示词，故B项“改变并不容易”符合语境，衔接下文。故选B项。
【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。
D
（安徽师范大学附属中学2020届高三模拟测试）
话题：介绍了一些可以克服同伴压力的方法
难度：★★
建议用时：6分
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People who are at your age, like your classmates, are called peers (同龄人). When they try to influence how you act or to get you to do something, it's called peer pressure.___16___
Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in or because they worry that other kids might make fun of them if they don't go along with the group.___17___The idea that everyone's doing it can influence some kids to leave their better judgment or their common sense behind.
___18___But you can do it. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do.
It can really help to have at least one other peer or friend who is willing to say ''no'' too.___19___It's great to have friends with values similar to yours. If you choose friends who don't use drugs, smoke cigarettes or lie to their parents, then you probably won't do these things either, even if other kids do.
Even if you're faced with peer pressure while you're alone, there are still things you can do. You can simply stay away from peers who pressure you to do things you know is wrong.___20___Better yet, find other friends and classmates.
A. Just believe in yourself.
B. You can tell them ''no'' and walk away.
C. Peer pressure is not always a bad thing.
D. This makes it much easier to overcome peer pressure.
E. It's something everyone has to deal with - even adults.
F. It is hard to be the only one who says ''no'' to peer pressure.
G. Others go along because they are curious to try something new.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. F 19. D 20. B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。同伴压力是每个人，甚至成人都会经历的一种情况，它往往会让人们做一些自己不想做的，或者错误的事情。本文介绍了一些可以克服同伴压力的方法。
【16题详解】
上文When they try to influence how you act or to get you to do something, it's called peer pressure.(当他们试图影响你的行为，或者让你做某件事情时，这叫做同伴压力)与E. It's something everyone has to deal with - even adults.(这是每个人都要面对的问题——即使成年人也是如此)承接自然，选项中的it就指代上文提到的“同伴压力”，故选E项。
【17题详解】
上文Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in or because they worry that other kids might make fun of them if they don't go along with the group.(有些孩子屈服于同伴压力，因为他们想要被喜欢，想要融入群体，或者因为他们担心如果他们不与群体合作，其他孩子会取笑他们)与G. Others go along because they are curious to try something new.(一些人愿意去做，是因为他们对尝试新事物好奇)承接自然，上下文是并列关系，都讲述屈服于同伴压力的原因，some和others是关键词，故选G项
【18题详解】
下文But you can do it.(但是你可以做到)与F. It is hard to be the only one who says ''no'' to peer pressure.(很难成为唯一一个对同伴压力说不的人)承接自然，下文的it就是选项所提到的“对同伴压力说不”，故选F项。
【19题详解】
上文It can really help to have at least one other peer or friend who is willing to say ''no'' too.(至少有一个愿意说“不”的同伴或朋友。)与D. This makes it much easier to overcome peer pressure.(这使得克服同伴压力变得容易得多)承接自然，选项中的this就指代前文的“至少有一个愿意说不的同伴或朋友”这件事，故选D项。
【20题详解】
上文You can simply stay away from peers who pressure you to do things you know is wrong.(你可以远离那些强迫你去做你知道是错事的同龄人)与B. You can tell them ''no'' and walk away.(你可以告诉他们“不”，然后走开)承接自然，stay away和walk away是关键词，故选B项。

E
（南阳市一中 2020 春期高三第十二次考试英语试题）
话题：警示人们要按照年龄和体质不同而适量服用维生素D
难度：★★
建议用时：6分
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Vitamin D is necessary for bone-building, immune function, blood sugar control, positive mood and more. ___16___ The lower your vitamin D level is, the higher your risk of death from ally cause will be. However, it’s not a great idea to just take a supplement (补品) off the drugstore shelf and start taking it.
Since many of us have an inadequate amount vitamin D, also known as the “sunshine vitamin”, doctors will often give us high levels of D supplements, with doses ranging from 2,000 to 10,000 IU (International Units) per day, up to 50,000 IU per week and sometimes even more. ___17___ Very big doses ( 剂量) of vitamin D can cause a build-up of calcium ( 钙) in the blood, which leads to poor appetite, weakness, weight loss or other diseases. Here’s the bigger issue: ___18___ A build-up of stored vitamin D cart cause avoidable problems, leading to problems such as kidney stones.
___19___ The National Institutes of Health set the Recommended Dietary Allowance for vitamin D at 600 IU daily for babies, children, and adults up to 70 years old. Adults aged 71 and older need 800 IU, since the ability to absorb vitamin D drops with age. Because the fat cells take vitamin D up, making it less available for use by tile body, ___20___
Though you’ll get a bit of vitamin D from foods—including fatty fish, beef liver, cheese, milk and so on—the amounts are so small that there’s little need to worry that they’ll put you over the daily dose.
A. It can help prevent many diseases.
B. We can actually reduce the risk of death.
C. people who are fat may also need more vitamin
D. any extra intake of vitamin D can get stored in the body.
E. But like all good things, it’s possible to get too much of it.
F. The average daily recommended amounts vary based on your age.
G. Vitamin D should be supplemented carefully despite its importance.
【答案】16. A 17. E 18. D 19. F 20. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作为对于人体的积极作用的维生素D 在过量服用后反而会给身体带来负担和伤害，从而警示人们要按照年龄和体质不同而适量服用。
【16题详解】
根据前一句“Vitamin D is necessary for bone-building, immune function, blood sugar control, positive mood and more.( 维生素D对骨骼发育、免疫功能、血糖控制、积极情绪等都是必要的。)”可知，前一句在讲维生素D的积极作用，且后文“The lower your vitamin D level is, the higher your risk of death from any cause will be.( 你的维生素D水平越低，你因任何原因死亡的风险就越高。)”讲述了缺乏维生素D带来的疾病死亡风险，因此可推知，设空句承前启后既要讲到其对身体的益处，也要讲到其对抗疾病的作用。选项A“It can help prevent many diseases.( 它可以帮助预防许多疾病。)”符合语境分析。故选A项。
【17题详解】
根据后一句“Very big doses of vitamin D can cause a build-up of calcium in the blood, which leads to poor appetite, weakness, weight loss or other diseases.( 大剂量的维生素D会导致血液中钙的积聚，从而导致食欲不振、虚弱、体重下降或其他疾病。)”可知，该部分在阐述过量服用维生素D的具体后果，因此设空句应提到其“过犹不及”。选项E“But like all good things, it’s possible to get too much of it.( 但就像所有的好东西一样，我们可能服用量太大而不能得到其益处)。”讲述了“过犹不及”。故选E项。
【18题详解】
根据后一句“A build-up of stored vitamin D cart cause avoidable problems, leading to problems such as kidney stones.( 储存的维生素D会导致一些本可避免的问题，如肾结石。)”可知，这里举例说明了储存在体内的维生素D会导致疾病，因此设空句应是提及维生素D的储存性。选项D“any extra intake of vitamin D can get stored in the body.( 任何额外摄入的维生素D都会储存在体内。)”符合语境分析，且句中的stored与后一句中的“stored”属于词汇复现原则。故选D项。
【19题详解】
根据后文“The National Institutes of Health set the Recommended Dietary Allowance for vitamin D at 600 IU daily for babies, children, and adults up to 70 years old. Adults aged 71 and older need 800 IU, since the ability to absorb vitamin D drops with age.”提及了不同年龄对于维生素D的需求。因此，设空句作为段首句，应是主题句，点明主题：不同年龄需求量的不同（The average daily recommended amounts vary based on your age.）。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据前一句“Because the fat cells take vitamin D up, making it less available for use by tile body(因为脂肪细胞吸收维生素D，使之不能被身体利用)”可知该句讲述了“肥胖”人士反而缺乏维生素D的原因，因此设空句对此总结：“肥胖”人士可能需要更多的维生素D（people who are fat may also need more vitamin）。故选C
项。
【点睛】七选五技巧之篇章结构显神通
篇章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是主题句（总）+支撑句（分）。支撑句分述主题的具体内容，说明其原因或举例证明等。有的题利用文章或段落的“总分”结构来解题也很管用。比如文章第4小题：
___4___ The National Institutes of Health set the Recommended Dietary Allowance for vitamin D at 600 IU daily for babies, children, and adults up to 70 years old. Adults aged 71 and older need 800 IU, since the ability to absorb vitamin D drops with age.
根据位置判断设空句应是本段主题中心句。结合后文内容分述了主题的具体内容：年龄，摄入量。因此可以用选项F“The average daily recommended amounts vary based on your age.”来概括分述内容，作为“总”。因此答案为F项。
G
（2020河南省实验中学高三二测模拟考试）
话题：介绍正确养育子女的方法
难度：★★
建议用时：6分
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Helicopter parenting refers to a style of parents who are over focused on their children.
___16___ For example, it can increase feelings of love and acceptance. However, helicopter parenting may be harmful to children’s development in the following ways.
Decreased confidence and self­esteem (自尊)．The message the parents’ over­involvement sends to kids is “my parents don’t trust me to do this on my own”．___17___
Increased anxiety. A study from the University of Mary Washington has shown that overparenting is associated with higher levels of child anxiety and depression.
Undeveloped problem­solving skills. If parents are always there to clean up a child’s mess or prevent the problem in the first place, how does the child ever learn to deal with loss, disappointment, or failure？___18___
Strengthened sense of entitlement (权利)．Children who have always had their social, academic, and athletic lives adjusted by their parents to best fit their needs can become accustomed to always having their way and thus they develop a sense of entitlement.
___19___ Parents who always tie shoes, clear plates, and pack lunches, even after children are able to do the tasks, prevent their children from mastering these life skills themselves.
So, parents should let children struggle, allow them to be disappointed, and when failure occurs, help them to work through it.___20___ Remember: taking one step back from solving children’s problems will help build the independent, and self­confident kids.
A. Weakened life skills.
B. Damaged life experiences.
C. And this distrust leads to a lack of confidence.
D. Helicopter parenting has many benefits for children.
E. Parents should also let children do tasks they are physically and mentally able to do.
F. Making your 3­year­old’s bed sounds reasonable, while making your 13­year­old’s bed doesn’t.
G. Studies found helicopter parenting can make children feel less able in dealing with the stresses of life on their own.
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. G 19. A 20. E
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了“直升机”式子女养育法的缺点，并提出了一些正确的养育方法。
【16题详解】
从空后所举的例子可以判断，此处讲的是“直升机”式子女养育法的优点。故选D。
【17题详解】
前一句讲到父母过度参与的做法给孩子发出的信号是：父母不相信我能够独立完成这件事情。该空承接上文，C项“这样一种不信任会导致孩子缺少信心”符合语境，故选C。
【18题详解】
本段主要讲“直升机”式子女养育法不利于培养孩子应对失落感、失败等的能力。故G项“研究发现，直升机式的育儿方式会让孩子们在独自应对生活压力时感到力不从心。”符合语境，故选G。
【19题详解】
本段需要一个主题句，应当在A和B之间选择。A项呼应本段中的“prevent their children from mastering these life skills”，故选A。
【20题详解】
本段主要介绍正确的养育子女的方法，E选项“父母也应该让孩子做他们身体上和精神上能够做的事情”。切题，故选E。