高考英语模拟题汇编专题01 阅读理解之说明文（一）（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

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专题01阅读理解之说明文
1.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）
Great Activities for Nature Lovers
Hiking
One of the easiest and most accessible ways to get close to nature is by setting out on a good old fashioned hike. Hiking generally doesn't require any fancy equipment or special skills, just a piece of map and a thirst for adventure. This activity can be as relaxing as you make it.
Backcountry Camping
Why limit yourself to just a day hike when you can have a full weekend for a longer adventure? Backcountry camping involves packing your tent，sleeping gear ,food, and water on your back to set up camp in a remote location. I you’re an experienced hiker and camper ,this is an excellent way to test your survival skills and explore the wilderness.
Mountain and Road Biking
Unlike long hikes through the woods , biking allows you to cover more ground and travel farther in nature. Mountain biking typically involves riding up and down steep slopes , between trees , and over rocks. If this sounds too intense or your tires aren't suited for rugged terrain( 地形) , consider taking a road bike on paved trails through forest preserves or along country roads.
Gardening
Contrary to popular belief, you don't have to travel beyond your own backyard to experience the beauty of nature every day. If your personality is less adventurous or your mobility restricted, consider planting a garden to grow your own vegetables , fruit , herbs，or flowers. There's something truly satisfying about mixing up a salad with fresh ingredients you grow yourself. One of the best parts about spending time in gardening is that it doesn't have to break your budget and anyone can do it.
1．W hat do hikers need for hiking?
A．Practical skills. B．Necessary equipment.
C．A useful map. D．A relaxed mood.
2．W hat's NOT the advantage of gardening according to the text?
A．You don't need to go far to enjoy the beauty of nature.
B．It gives you a sense of satisfaction when cooking with fresh ingredients.
C．It doesn't take any energy or money to do it.
D．I’s easy to start it for anyone who likes it.
3．Which of the following can take you to travel farthest?
A．Hiking. B．Backcountry Camping.
C．Mountain and Road Biking. D．Gardening.
2.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）
We know that reading is good for children. Now, a new study suggests that just being around books has its benefits. A team of researchers in Australia finds that growing up with a large library at home improves literacy( 读写能力) ,number-sense , and even technological skills in later life. It appeared in the journal Social Science Research.
The researchers were exploring the advantages of scholarly culture. They were interested in a curious observation that some call the “radiation effect".“Radiation effect is a situation where children grow up around books , but they don't read books. But somehow books benefit them, even though they don't read them as much as their parents wish them to,” said Joanna Sikora , a sociologist in Australia. Joanna and her colleagues analyzed data collected between 2011 and 2015 by the Organization for Economic Development. The survey assessed the literacy，numeracy(计算能力) , and technological competency of more than 160 , 000 adults from 31 countries. And it included a question about how many books participants had in their homes during adolescence.“What we were able to make clear was that people growing up around books had better literacy , numeracy and digital problem-solving skills than people who had fewer books growing up but had similar education levels , similar jobs ，and even similar adult habits in terms of reading or working at various numeracy-improving activities," she said.
In fact , teens who only made it through high school but were raised in a bookish environment did as well in adulthood as college graduates who grew up in a house without books. Now , how might mere exposure lead to intellectual improvement?“If we grow up in a house , in a home where parents enjoy books , where books are given as birthday presents and valued , this is something that becomes a part of our identity and gives us this lifelong urge to always come close to books and read more than we would.”
So keep shelves piled with books. Your kids will not only be grateful, they'll be more likely to be able to spell “grateful" correctly as well.
12．What's “radiation effect" according to the text?
A．The terrible effect of radiation on the persons and things.
B．The good influence of the bookish environment on adolescents.
C．The beneficial effect of reading books on adolescents.
D．The bad effect of the environment without books on adolescents.
13．How does the exposure to books improve intellect?
A．Books bring a sense of identity and eagerness to read more.
B．Books help to provide a chance to come close to society,
C．Books are always given to adolescents as valuable presents.
D．Books will offer the teens an urge to make great achievements.
14．What's the author's attitude towards bookish environment?
A．Opposed. B．Neutral.
C．Indifferent. D．Supportive.
15．What's the best title for the text?
A．Reading More Helps Improve Children's Abilities
B．Reading at Home Brings Children Many Advantages
C．Growing Up Around Books Benefits Children a Lot
D．Creating a Bookish Environment for Children Is of Much Importance
3.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
4．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A．Food variety.
B．Eating habits.
C．Table manners.
D．Restaurant service.
5．Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A．To meet with her coworkers.
B．To catch up with her work.
C．To have some time on her own.
D．To collect data for her report.
6．What do we know about Mazoleny?
A．He makes videos for the bar.
B．He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C．He interviews customers at the bar.
D．He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．The trend of having meals alone.
B．The importance of self-reflection.
C．The stress from working overtime.
D．The advantage of wireless technology.
4.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）
Think plants are just boring green things that you use for food and decoration? Think again! Plants are able to do some pretty awesome things that you’re probably totally unaware of.
Researchers have discovered that plants have the ability to communicate with an underground network made up of fungus (真菌) , which serves the plants in many ways. Tomato plants use the fungus web to warn each other of their own unhealthy conditions. Trees connected through the fungus network could move nutrients (养分) to and from each other. It is believed that larger trees move nutrients to smaller ones to help them to survive.
Not only that, but they can also damage unwelcome plants by spreading poisonous chemicals through the fungus. It sounds like the plant world had the Internet before we did.
Some plants have a rather impressive line of defense against being eaten. When sensing they are being swallowed, they give off a chemical into the air that attracts the insect’s natural enemy. The enemy attacks the bug, thus saving the plants. This is basically the plant kingdom version of getting your older brother to beat up that kid who steals your lunch money.
You might be aware that humans and animals have an internal clock. But did you know that plants also have this clock? This means they can prepare for certain times of day just like we do. Is it because they can react to light at sunrise? In a study, scientists found that plants use the sugars they produce to keep time, which help to regulate the genes responsible for the plant’s own internal clock. So, in a sense, ―wake up with petunias (矮牵牛) is just as valid as ―wake up with the chickens.
Nature is full of surprises. So for those of you who didn’t know the wonders of plants, now you do.
8．How many ways does the network of fungus serve the plants?
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
9．What does the underlined words ― “your older brother” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The chemical given off by plants. B．The insect’s natural enemy.
C．The bug attacked by the enemy. D．The plant to be eaten by the insect.
10．What helps the plant keep time?
A．The sugars produced by itself. B．Its own genes.
C．The time of sunrise. D．Its response to light.
11．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To show his love of different plants.
B．To share his study on some awesome plants.
C．To introduce the unknown abilities of plants.
D．To make people aware of plant protection.
5.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）
The idea that computers have some amount of “intelligence” is not new, says Ralph Haupter, the president of Microsoft Asia, pointing as far back as 1950 when computer pioneer Alan Turing asked whether machines can think. “So it has taken nearly 70 years for the right combination of factors to come together to move AI from concept to reality,” says Haupter.
It is predicted that the development of artificial intelligence will be the story of the coming generations, not just the coming year, but as 2019 gets underway, you’ll find AI will begin to touch your life in many ways according to some researchers.
“Personal assistant AIs will keep getting smarter. As our personal assistants learn more about our daily routines, I can imagine the day I need not to worry about preparing dinner. My AI knows what I like to eat, which days of the week I like to cook at home, and makes sure that when I get back from work all my groceries are waiting at my doorstep, ready for me to prepare that delicious meal I had been longing for.” ---Alecjandro Troccoli, senior research scientist, NVIDIA．
“Thanks to AI, the face will be the new credit card, the new driver’s license and the new barcode (条形码). Facial recognition is already completely transforming security with biometric capabilities being adopted, and seeing how technology and business are connected, like Amazon is with Whole Foods, I can see a near future where people will no longer need to stand in line at the store.” ---Georges Nahon, president, Orange Institute, a global research laboratory.
“2019 will be the year AI becomes real for medicine. By the end of the year we’re seeing solutions for population health, hospital operations and a broad set of clinical specialties quickly follow behind.” ---Mark Michalski, executive director, Massachusetts General Hospital.
12．What can we know about AI from the first two paragraphs?
A．People didn't expect AI to develop so rapidly.
B．The idea of AI just came up recently.
C．The concept of AI was put forward by Ralph Haupter.
D．It took more than 70 years to turn the concept into reality.
13．Who sees the future of AI doing housework instead of human being?
A．Alan Turing. B．Georges Nahon. C．Mark Michalski. D．Alejandro Troccoli.
14．What is Georges Nahon’s job?
A．Executive director of a hospital. B．President of a research laboratory.
C．Chairman of an energy corporation. D．Chief operating officer of a newspaper.
15．How is the passage developed?
A．By explaining cause and effect. B．By presenting research results.
C．By listing some predictions. D．By describing personal experiences.
6.（2020届广西桂林调研）
Each year, half a million people die from brain aneurysms（动脉瘤）—when a blood vessel（血管）bursts in the brain. An aneurysm is a bulge（膨胀）in a blood vessel that can burst. If that happens in the brain, it can be deadly. For survivors, physical disabilities are often severe. They may include memory problems, loss of balance, trouble speaking and even blindness. But new technologies are increasing survival rates and reducing disabilities.
Beaumont Bacon is a survivor who makes light of her experience because she is a comedian（喜剧演员）. She uses humor to make others laugh. Now she’s working on a new show. Michael Alexander is her doctor. He operated on Beaumont Bacon after her attack. “She had bleeding in the frontal area of her brain, so right above the eyes. The part that was in the brain was about maybe the size of an egg. So, that’s a fairly large bleed.”
Ms. Bacon had a better chance at survival than most people because of Dr. Alexander. He directs the Neurovascular Center in Los Angeles. The center offers new technologies that include placing a catheter（导管）into an aneurysm, then threading wires to promote blood clots（血栓）. This technique reduces the chances of another burst blood vessel. “You don’t have to open up the skull（头盖骨）or open up the brain to do surgery. It’s all done from inside the blood vessels. So it reduces the amount of blood loss, and the recovery is much faster.”
For Beaumont Bacon’s recovery, the hospital worked to prevent problems commonly found in patients with a burst aneurysm. The problems include brain swelling that can shut down blood vessels. She spent a month in a coma（昏迷）—unable to communicate with doctors, friends and loved ones. But with a year of treatment, she recovered. Now, she is making people laugh.
12．What do you know about aneurysms?
A．No technologies can treat them nowadays.
B．They may cause severe disabilities.
C．Few people die from them every year.
D．They are deadly wherever they happen.
13．The new technology has the following benefits EXCEPT that ________.
A．it is much faster for the patient to recover
B．it brings no problems after the operation
C．it reduces the amount of blood loss
D．it doesn’t need to open up the brain to operate
14．It can be known from the passage that Beaumont Bacon ________.
A．was always in an unconscious state after the operation
B．recovered soon after the treatment
C．returned to work after the treatment
D．was the first to try the new technology
15．The author shows the effect of the technology by ________.
A．providing an example B．making comparisons
C．offering data D．giving explanations
7.（2020届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试）
We’ve known that sitting for long periods of time every day has countless health consequences, like a higher risk of heart disease. But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.
A study published last week, conducted by Dr. Prabha Siddarth at the University of California, showed that sedentary（久坐的）behavior is associated with reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe（中颞叶）, a brain area that is critical to learning and memory.
The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people, ages 45 to 70, about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains. They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes. It means that the more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.
What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area, suggesting that exercise, even severe exercise, may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.
It then surprisingly turned out that you don’t even have to move much to enhance cognition（认知）; just standing will do the trick. For example, two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing. Participants are presented with conflicting stimuli（刺激）, like the word “green” in blue ink, and asked to name the color. Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 3-milicond margin.
The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known. But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the bar for everyone.
I know, this all runs counter to received ideas about deep thought, from our grade school teachers, who told us to sit down and focus, to Rodin’s famous “Thinker,” seated with chin on hand.
They were wrong. You can now all stand up.
8．What can we infer from Paragraphs 3 and 4?
A．Severe exercise can lessen the damage of sitting.
B．Severe exercise can greatly improve our brain health.
C．Sedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain.
D．Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior.
9．What does the underlined word “margin” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．blank. B．edge.
C．decrease. D．difference.
10．What is the received idea about deep thought?
A．Sitting more is good for our mental health.
B．Sitting is better when we think.
C．Exercise more can improve our cognition.
D．We should stand while thinking.
11．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．people tend to sit while thinking
B．standing more can make our brain healthier
C．physical exercise can improve our brain health
D．sedentary behavior leads to countless health problems
8.（2020届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试）
If you’ve spent any amount of time boating, fishing, or bird-watching at lakes and rivers, you have most likely seen fishes jumping out of the water. I have seen it many times. Certainly, fishes will exit water in desperate attempts to escape enemies. Dolphins take advantage of the behavior, forming a circle and catching the frightened fishes in midair. But just as we may run fast from fun or from fear, different emotions might motivate fishes to jump.
Mobula rays（蝸鲼）aren’t motivated by fear when they throw their impressive bodies—up to a seventeen-foot wingspan (the distance from the end of one wing to the end of the other) and a ton in weight—skyward in leap（跳跃）of up to ten feet. They do it in schools（鱼群）of hundreds. They usually land on their bellies, but sometimes they land on their backs. Some scientists think it might be a way of removing parasites（寄生虫）. But I think that the rays are enjoying themselves.
In the clear waters of Florida’s Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge, I watched several schools of fifty or more mullets（鲻鱼）moving in beautiful formation. Their well-built bodies were most evident when they leaped from the water. Most of the time I saw one or two leaps by a fish, but one made a series of seven. They usually land on their sides. Each jump was about a foot clear of the water and two to three feet in length.
Nobody knows for sure why the fish leaps. One idea is that they do it to take in oxygen. The idea is supported by the fact that mullets leap more when the water is lower in oxygen, but is challenged by the likelihood that jumping costs more energy than is gained by breathing air. It is hard to imagine they will feel any fresher when back in water.
Might these fishes also be leaping for fun? There is some new evidence. Gordon M. Burghardt recently published accounts of a dozen types of fishes leaping repeatedly, sometimes over floating objects—sticks, plants, sunning turtle—for no clear reason other than entertainment.
12．What can we say about the dolphins in Paragraph 1?
A．They have great escaping skills. B．They are easily frightened.
C．They are very clever. D．They love jumping.
13．What do the ray and the mullet have in common when jumping?
A．Both do it in groups. B．Both land on their bellies.
C．Both jump many feet out of water. D．Both make leaps one after the other.
14．How does the author feel about the idea mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．It is valuable. B．It is interesting.
C．It is imaginative. D．It is questionable.
15．Which may be the reason for fish leaps according to the author?
A．To remove parasites. B．To amuse themselves.
C．To take in more oxygen. D．To express positive emotions.
9.（2020届河南省焦作市高三三模）
What’s the deal with new words? Where do they come from and how do they go from unknown to official? First, new words have to circulate in culture to make it into the dictionary. They have to be used and understood. Words have a much better chance of getting added to the dictionary if you see them in print or hear them in conversation. It’s actually a full-time job to search popular communication to figure out what new words are surfacing in our vernacular（方言）. Lexicographers get to decide which words make it into the dictionary, and they do so by reading widely across industries and disciplines. However, they also make decisions about which idioms make it in.
Dictionaries can sometimes get over 1,000 new words per year. In 2019 the Merriam-Webster added over 600 in April and another 500+ in September. After lexicographers decide which words will be included, they write a new definition. Some existing words also gain additional meanings, and there are usually thousands of revisions. The dictionary is a constantly changing work-in-progress, just like the language it describes and defines. For instance, the word “peak” recently went from being just a sharp, pointed end to also being something at the height of popularity. Occasionally fake words actually end up in the dictionary by mistake.
If you have a word that you think should be in the dictionary, you’re welcome to get in touch with the lexicographers and suggest it. However, the word needs to be fairly popular. It has to have “widespread, frequent, meaningful usage”. For instance, OMG was added to the dictionary in 2009 after lexicographers had observed it in general use for about 15 years.
New words spring from new technologies and disciplines, but they’re very often invented by authors and writers who love language and play with it to create new meanings. One of the greatest creators was William Shakespeare who created over 1,700 new words often by adapting usage and using new compounds. He’s responsible for words like eyeball, excitement, fashionable, and lonely. “Hard-boiled” was invented by Mark Twain.
8．What kind of new words can be included in dictionaries?
A．Words which have been widely used for long.
B．Words which were created by famous writers.
C．Words which have been spoken by some locals.
D．Words which frequently appear in a private conversation.
9．What does the underlined word “Lexicographers” in the first paragraph probably mean?
A．New word creators. B．Writers of a dictionary.
C．Specialists in languages. D．Historians on ancient cultures.
10．What does the author think of a dictionary?
A．Quite ambiguous. B．Error-free.
C．Extremely rigid. D．Gradually developing.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．How the Dictionary Is Revised
B．How New Words Spread in Culture
C．How Words Get Added to the Dictionary
D．How New Words Are Invented by Famous Authors
10.（2020届河南省六市第一次模拟）
We’ve known for years that plants can see, hear, smell and communicate with chemicals. Now, reported New Scientist, they have been recorded making sounds when stressed.
In a yet-to-be-published study, Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University, in Israel, found that tomato and tobacco plants can make ultrasonic(超声的)noises. The plants “cry out” due to lack of water, or when their stems(茎)are cut. It’s just too high-pitched(音调高的)for humans to hear.
Microphones placed 10 centimeters away from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz(千赫兹). Human hearing usually ranges from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. “These findings can alter the way we think about the plant kingdom,” they wrote.
On average, “thirsty” tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.
Perhaps most interestingly, different types of stress led to different sounds. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to separate the plants’ sounds from those of the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse. In most cases, it correctly identified whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on a sound’s intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Although Khait and his colleagues only looked at tomato and tobacco plants, they think other plants also make sounds when stressed.
If farmers could hear these sounds, said the team, they could give water to the plants that need it most. As climate change causes more droughts, they said this would be important information for farmers. “The sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture(精准农业),” said Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.
Khait’s report also suggest that insets and mammals can hear the sounds up to 5 meters away and respond. For example, a moth(蛾子)may decide not to lay eggs on a water-stressed plant. Edward Farmer, at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, is doubtful. He said that the idea of moths listening to plants is “a little too speculative”.
If plants are screaming for fear of their survival, should we be thankful we can’t hear them?
28．What did Khait and his team find from their research?
A．Plants made low-pitched sounds when in danger.
B．Plants were able to produce sounds in response to stresses.
C．Plants picked up a wider range of sounds when stressed.
D．Plants made ultrasonic noises to communicate with each other.
29．How did tomato and tobacco plants react to different stresses according to the text?
A．A plant reacted to different stresses with the same sound.
B．Cut tomato plants produced more sounds per hour than water-hungry ones.
C．Cut tobacco plants seemed to make weaker sounds than drought-stressed ones.
D．Tobacco plants might make louder sounds than tomato plants when short of water.
30．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 6?
A．The potential applications of the research.
B．Challenges facing farmers in the future.
C．Farmers ‘contributions to the research.
D．What the future agriculture will be like.
31．The underlined word “speculative” in the second-to-last paragraph has the closest meaning to “________”.
A．practical B．unsuspected C．unsupported D．complicated
11.（2020届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟）
Many college students want to look for seasonal, short-term or part-time jobs to get extra cash, to stay busy or to get working experience.
Lifeguard
The job is a great opportunity to build your fitness, keep people safe and be outdoors to enjoy some fun on the beach in the sun. The average hourly wage for lifeguards is $ 9.31, but those with certifications or previous experience may be able to earn a bit more.
Nanny (保姆)
Students can find plenty of positions as parents scramble (争抢) to arrange activities and find care for their children. Students who enjoy spending time with kids, staying active and being outdoors can spend their leisure time making money without even feeling like they’re working. Nannies make $ 14.56 per hour.
Camp Consultant
Students who enjoy spending their time with children, being a leader and monitoring fun outdoor activities are perfect for camp consultant positions. The average hourly wage for camp consultants is $9.28, but those with many years’ experience or specific academic backgrounds may be able to earn more.
Food Server
Although it may not seem like the most attractive way to spend a weekend, working as wait staff allows students to build up their social skills, stay active, enjoy free meals at work and posily educate themselves about different cuisines. However, food servers need to be on their feet for hours at a time and must be able to multi-task like professionals, so take this into account before submitting an application. The average salary is $ 9.00 hourly, but trips can raise that number.
1．Who are the two jobs nanny and camp consultant most fit for?
A．Students who want to develop their social skills.
B．Students who love staying with children.
C．Students who love traveling.
D．Students who love camping.
2．What should you take into consideration before applying to be a food server?
A．The way of cooking.
B．The food you can enjoy.
C．Long standing time at work.
D．Skill in getting tips from customers.
3．What job can you do if you’re good at swimming?
A．A lifeguard. B．A nanny.
C．A camp consultant. D．A food server.
12.（2020届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟）
Do you look down when you speak? Play with your hair? Lean to one side? Every last gesture tells a story. What you are saying to others is not only reflected in the words coming from your mouth, but also through the gestures and motions you make with your body. Kristin Appenbrink, Associate Editor for RealSimple. com, shows what your body language is saying about you.
Standing with your legs together is considered more of a conservative stance (站姿). It looks like a solider facing his officer. This way of standing usually indicates respect.
This way you move your body reflects your attitude. And shifting your weight from side to side or front to back indicates that you are anxious or disappointed. Basically, this is a physical representation of what is going on in your head: you are having so many unsettling thoughts that you can’t stop moving from one to the other.
Crossing your arms and legs is a defensive position. Take note of the surroundings. More often than not, this just means a person is cold. Many people also find this position to be comfortable.
Pointing toes (脚趾) in, big toe to big toe, indicates you are closing yourself off because you feel awkward or insecure. But, if you’re sitting up straight with your shoulders aligned (对齐的) and your head up — signs of an open body position — your feet may be betraying you.
Opening up your hands by spreading your hands means you are open to new ideas being offered. Facing your palms down or grasping your fists firmly shows you have a strong position — one that may not be so flexible.
8．Which of the following does Kristin Appenbrink probably agree with?
A．Body language will replace spoken language.
B．Standing with arms crossing indicates respect.
C．Body language can express what we want to say.
D．Our bodies’ motions are different from our gestures.
9．What technique of writing is mainly used in the text?
A．Making comparisons. B．Analysing causes.
C．Raising questions. D．Giving examples.
10．What does the underlined word “unsettling” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Satisfying. B．Upsetting.
C．Doubtful. D．Unconscious.
11．What does one show if he points his toes in, big toe to big toe?
A．He feels embarrassed and unsafe.
B．He thinks someone has betrayed him.
C．He feels like hiding something from others.
D．He’s willing to accept new ideas from others.
13.（2020届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟）
Fear of the contagion (传染病) has restricted air travel and people are questioning the safety of traveling on ships for pleasure. But one expert says people could effectively protect themselves and others from the infectious virus by doing one simple thing: washing their hands.
Christos Nicolaides, a physicist, works with computer models that simulate (模拟) the spread of disease. “The air transportation network is the main pathway for a global disease spread,” Nicolaides said. To understand this, think of all the things you and others handle at an airport. When people cough or sneeze, very small drops of mucus (粘液) fly through the air. They land on surfaces of things that other people handle.
Nicolaides led a study which found that if you want to slow the infection of a disease, focus on hand-washing. He said researchers tried to find the rate of hand-washing around the world. Earlier studies showed that 70 percent of people wash their hands after using a toilet, but only about seven percent do it correctly.
Nicolaides said, “You should wash your hands with soap and water for at least 15 seconds. My researchers studied this, and we found out that if you visit an airport any time in the world, you will realize that only one fifth people have clean hands.”
Nicolaides then studied “super-spreader” airports, He said, “A ‘super-spreader’ airport is an airport that combines two qualities. The first one is that it has a lot of traffic and a lot of people. And the other one is that it is connected to many other airports with many other international flights. These airports are very busy, such as the John F. Kennedy airport in New York, Los Angeles International.”
Nicolaides said that if 60 percent of travelers had clean hands, the possibility of slowing a global disease would rise by 69 percent. But even if just 30 percent of travelers had clean hands, the spread of disease could drop by 24 percent. He said, “Educating the public is the most important.”
12．What kind of effect does the contagion have?
A．Flights and ships are totally canceled.
B．Travelling costs are greatly increased.
C．People worry about the safety of travelling.
D．The development of world economy is stopped.
13．What is the main cause of the global spread of the disease?
A．People touch public facilities with virus while traveling.
B．The government takes little notice of the disease.
C．The government fails to control the disease.
D．People are unaware of their sickness.
14．What can we infer from earlier studies in the text?
A．30% of people don’t wash their hands.
B．Most people have visited “super-spreader” airports.
C．Visiting airports increases the risk of infecting diseases.
D．Few people realize right ways of washing hands after using a toilet.
15．What’s the main idea of this text?
A．Experts find correct ways to wash hands.
B．Washing hands helps stop spreading contagions.
C．Contagions have caused researchers’ great concern.
D．Travelling by plane increases risks of spreading disease.
14.（2020届湖南湖北四校高三调研联考）
Putting Movies on Mobiles
Movies in the theater get their recognition at awards ceremonies such as the Oscars. But how about movies for phones? They are getting their turn at MoFilm- the first mobile film festival.
The first MoFilm competition received 250 entries from more than 100 countries. Entries were restricted to films that were five minutes or less in length-best for viewing and sharing on mobile phones. An independent team of judges then selected a shortlist of five film-makers. The winner was chosen from the shortlist by an audience voting using their phones.
New Platforms
The awards highlight the increasing influence that mobile phones are showing in the entertainment industry. Many grassroots filmmakers start out with short films. They are thwarted by the lack of opportunities to screen their work. Therefore, mobile phones are increasingly being seen as a new platform for these short works.
It is a good place for anyone who wants to express themselves and find a way to have that expression be seen by a wide audience. Just think about how many people have mobile phones in the world!
New Technology Advances
MoFilm is pioneering content for mobile and online services that is a world away from Hollywood. The majority of films made for mobiles are now short in length, taking into account the screen size. However this could be overcome as technology advances.
In the near future, longer films will likely be seen on the mobile phone. And there are mobile companies creating phones where users can watch movies at higher quality.
Wherever you see movies, one thing is certain: the quality of work, the simple ability at story telling，and the thing that inspires someone to tell a story can really come from anywhere.
21．The underlined word “thwarted” means “_____”.
A．surprised B．frightened C．disappointed D．encouraged
22．Nowadays the majority of films made for mobiles are short in length because of_____.
A．the screen size B．online services
C．technology advances D．the mobile phone
23．We can learn from the text_____.
A．It is impossible to see longer films on mobile phone.
B．Mobile companies will creating more films.
C．The quality work can only be seen in the theater.
D．The quality of work can also be seen from MoFilms.
15.（2020届湖南湖北四校高三调研联考）
Pigeons in London have a bad reputation. Some people call them flying rats. And many blame them for causing pollution with their droppings. But now the birds are being used to fight another kind of pollution in this city of 8. 5 million.
“The problem for air pollution is that it’s been largely ignored as an issue for a long time,” says Andrea Lee, who works for the London-based environmental organization Client Earth. “People don’t realize how bad it is,and how it actually affects their health. ‘‘ London’s poor air quality is linked to nearly 10,000 early deaths a year. Lee says, citing report released by the city manager last year, “If people were better informed about the pollution they’re breathing,” she says,”they could pressure the government to do something about it. ‘‘
Nearby, on a windy hill in London’s Regent’s Park, an experiment is underway that could help-the first week of flights by the Pigeon Air Patrol. It all began when Pierre Duquesnoy, the director for DigitasLBi, a marketing firm, won a London Design Festival contest last year to show how a world problem could be solved using Twitter. Duquesnoy, from France, chose the problem of air pollution.
“Basically, I realized how important the problem was,v he says. “But also I realized that most of the people around me didn’t know anything about it. ‘‘ Duquesnoy says he wants to better measure pollution, while at the same time making the results accessible to the public through Twitter.
“So, “ he wondered, “how could we go across the city quickly collecting as much data as possible?” Drones ( 无人驾驶飞机)were his first thought. But it’s illegal to fly them over London. “But pigeons can fly above London,right?” he says. “They live -actually? they are Londoners as well. So, yeah, I thought about using pigeons equipped with mobile apps. And we can use not just street pigeons, but racing pigeons, because they fly pretty quickly and pretty low. “
So it might be time for Londoners to have more respect for their pigeons. The birds may just be helping to improve the quality of the city's air.
28．What can we infer about London’s air quality from paragraph 2?
A．Londoners are very satisfied with it.
B．The government is trying to improve it.
C．The government has done a lot to improve it.
D．Londoners should pay more attention to it.
29．Duquesnoy attended the London Design Festival to __.
A．entertain Londoners B．solve a world problem
C．design a product for sale D．protect animals like pigeons
30．Why did Duquesnoy give up using drones to fly across London?
A．Because they are too expensive B．Because they fly too quickly.
C．Because they are forbidden. D．Because they fly too high.
31．Which can be the best title for the text?
A．London’s New Pollution Fighter
B．London’s Dirty Secret
C．Clean Air in London
D．Causes of Air Pollution in London
16.（2020届湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测）
The University Science Library
The University Science Library holds collections in Engineering, Geography, Life Sciences, Management, Mathematical and Physical Sciences.
Self-service facilities are provided for borrowing, renewing and returning one week and standard loan books. There is also a dedicated self-service Short Loan Collection for overnight loans. Print journals are not borrow able in the Science Library.
Borrowing, Renewing and More
Four quick and easy to use loans machines are located in the Learning Laboratory on the ground floor. Just scan the barcode on the back of your Library card and enter your PIN number (set initially as 4 digits, DDMM of your birthday) to borrow and renew your books, to check reservations and view your Library account.
Returning
The Learning Laboratory also has two machines for returning one week and standard loan books (including books borrowed from Store). Unlike an ordinary book drop, the machines will clear the books from your Library account immediately. When you have returned all of your books, the machine will produce a receipt for your records.
Remember that you can return as many books as you want, but only one at a time.
Short-loan collection room
Short loan books are currently stored in the cafe on the ground floor. Please use the machine in this room to borrow and return books.
Cafe
We have a cafe on the ground floor of the Science Library selling hot and cold drinks and cold snacks, but please remember that eating is not permitted in the reading rooms on the upper levels.
Opening hours:
Monday: Open from 08:45
Tuesday — Friday: 24 hour opening
Saturday: 24 hour opening until 21:00
Sunday: 11:00-21:00 (holders of the University Library cards only)
1．What subject may not be covered in the University Library?
A．Literature. B．Biology.
C．Chemistry. D．Geography.
2．Which of the following statements is right about the University Library?
A．Both food and books are sold in the cafe.
B．Eating is only allowed on the ground floor of the University Library.
C．All the books and magazines in the University Library can be borrowed.
D．All the books can be returned at a time by using the machines in the Learning Laboratory.
3．If you don’t have the University Library card, you can NOT borrow books on .
A．Sunday B．Monday
C．Thursday D．Saturday
17.（2020届湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测）
Language is perhaps the most distinctive of human characteristics, but its evolution remains a mystery. Our communication is enhanced by turn — taking (轮流说话) — or the orderly exchange of communicative signals — which has been found to be largely universal across cultures. But this turn-taking behavior is actually widespread across the animal kingdom, according to a large-scale review of studies published in the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
In the study, the researchers stressed that one of the marks of turn-taking across all species is fine timing. For example, in some species of songbird, the gap between the calls of two different birds is often less than 50 milliseconds. On the other hand, communication in some species is much slower. As for sperm whales, the gap between each vocal exchange is around two seconds. In humans, there is usually a gap of roughly 200 milliseconds between turns in a conversation.
While many studies have focused on turn-taking behavior in animals, we still know very little about it, partly because the reports are so varied that large-scale cross-species comparison is all but impossible, according to the researchers. “Overall, direct comparisons of turn-taking skills of non-human animals in relation to language origins are highly limited by lack of data, the application of different terms, different study methods and study environments, the authors wrote in the study.” Furthermore, investigations have so far mainly been focusing on single call types or songs of species, limiting a deeper understanding of the variability of turning-taking systems found in the animal kingdom.
In light of this, the researchers proposed a new framework for future studies on turn-taking to make cross-species comparisons easier. “The goal of the framework is to promote large-scale cross-species comparisons”, Kobin Kendrick, from the University of York’s Department of Language and Linguistic Science, said in a statement. “Such a framework will allow researchers to trace the history of this evolution of remarkable turn-taking behavior and solve old questions about the origins of human language.”
12．What can we learn from the text?
A．Turn-taking behavior in all species is well timed.
B．Language is the least distinctive of human characteristics.
C．The gap between turns in a human conversation is about two seconds.
D．Relatively speaking, the gap between the calls of two birds is longer.
13．What makes the non-human animal language studies difficult according to the text?
a. Lack of data.
b. Lack of money.
c. Varied reports and studies.
d. The application of different terms.
A．a b c B．b c d
C．a b d D．a c d
14．We can infer from the text that .
A．cross-species comparison is the hardest to study in the evolution of language
B．turn-taking in animal communication between species is difficult to find
C．non-human language studies should be focused on single call types
D．the turn-taking behavior of animals is similar to that of human beings
15．Why did the researchers put forward a new framework?
A．To encourage more studies on the evolution of turn-taking behaviour.
B．To build a link between animal communication and human language.
C．To make large-scale cross-species comparisons of turn-taking easier.
D．To guide other researchers in how to study animal communication.
18.（2020届湖南省怀化市高三第一次模拟）
The driver cuts you off in traffic. The neighbors don’t pick up after their dog. The insurance company keeps you waiting endlessly. Situations such as these get our hearts racing. Anger isn’t a pleasant feeling. Some of us control the emotion, while others explode in a wild rage. Both habits affect our bodies, our minds, and our relationships.
Anger may feel uncomfortable, but it’s also normal and healthy. “A lot of people think they have to get rid of their anger,” says Patrick, a psychologist in Calgary. “But anger is an emotion built into us to signal that something needs to be solved.” When we take notice of that signal and actually realize the problem instead of ignoring it, we’re usually much better for it.
Unfortunately, many of us have been conditioned to hide our emotions. Research suggests that this can have long-term effects on our health. Investigators show that people who suppress their emotions tend to have shorter life spans. They’re more likely to die earlier from cancer, for example. When we are angry, stress hormones (荷尔蒙) are released, which can make us develop a wide range of diseases, including diabetes and depression. Is it better, then, to scream whenever something makes you mad? That’s the theory behind the “rage rooms” that have appeared in many American cities, where folks are invited to express their anger by violently hitting stuff in a “safe” environment. “But the research indicates that when we display our anger aggressively, it can actually increase the intensity of the anger—and increase the likelihood of aggressive actions in the future.” says Keelan. It doesn’t take much imagination to predict how anger can affect your relationships with your wives or husbands, your kids, or your coworkers. It also hurts your health.
8．What situation may make people angry?
A．Neighbors pick up their dogs’ waste.
B．The insurance company timely offers service.
C．A driver doesn’t wait for his turn.
D．A stranger helps when people get lost.
9．What can we learn from the passage?
A．People should try their best to control their emotion.
B．Anger does good to our health sometimes.
C．Angry people never release stress hormones.
D．Anger is an emotion signaling something has been solved.
10．What does the unlined word “suppress” in Para.3 mean?
A．affect B．develop
C．control D．display
11．How does the writer express his viewpoint?
A．Subjectively. B．Pessimistically.
C．Indifferently. D．Objectively.
19.（2020届湖南省怀化市高三第一次模拟）
Scientists have long been doing research on dolphins and have made various interesting discoveries. Recently Ana Costa at the University of Glasgow in the UK and her team have found something new about one type of dolphins—Bottlenose dolphins.
Bottlenose dolphins can be found in mild and tropical waters throughout the world. They prefer coastal waters that are warm and shallow. However, Costa found bottlenose dolphins in South America may be separated into two different species, thanks to varying habitats between two groups of the animal. Along the coastlines of southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina in the South Atlantic Ocean, common bottlenose dolphins that live near the shore don’t look like those that are further out to sea. They are longer, lighter and have a triangular back fin, unlike the offshore dolphins’ shorter bodies, darker skin and hooked back fins. Apart from the differences mentioned above, the two kinds of common bottlenose dolphin also live differently from one another. Those near the coast form small groups in bays and mouth of rivers and don’t go too far from home, while those offshore live in pods of hundreds and move from time to time and seldom stay at the same place.
When Ana Costa and her team looked at the dolphins’ bone framework, they found still more differences: the offshore dolphins had shorter and more plentiful vertebrae (脊椎) than the coastal variety. Costa and her colleagues collected more than 250 tissue samples from common bottlenose dolphins of both groups off Brazil’s coast and analyzed the DNA．The results suggest the dolphins may be going down different evolutionary paths, separating into two species. The genetic analysis found differences in a small portion of the dolphins’ genomes (基因组) that experience fast rates of change over evolutionary time. “All the findings so far are demonstrating that we are observing two dolphin groups in the process of speciation,” says Costa.
Despite those researches, so far scientists still can’t figure out the exact data of the existing bottlenose dolphins. Costa and her team are optimistic that one day they will be able to solve the puzzle and help save these endangered animals.
12．What’s the main idea of the second paragraph?
A．The differences between two bottlenose species.
B．The appearance of bottlenose dolphins.
C．The living habitats of bottlenose dolphins.
D．The causes leading to the differences.
13．What may cause bottlenose dolphins to separate into two species?
A．Their length. B．Their weight.
C．Their vertebrae. D．Their evolutionary paths.
14．What can we conclude from the passage?
A．All bottlenose dolphins live near the coast and have similar habits.
B．The discovery of Costa may make a difference to bottlenose dolphins.
C．Bottlenose dolphins often prefer to live in cold waters that are deep.
D．These two dolphin species are not social and live individually.
15．What does the passage talk about?
A．An endangered animal—dolphins.
B．Costa’s new discovery about bottlenose dolphins.
C．The living environment of bottlenose dolphins.
D．The importance of Costa’s new discovery.
20.（2020届湖南省永州市高三第三次模拟）
Modem architecture has brought many amazing buildings to the world. Here are some of the strangest buildings in the world.
Habitat 67, Montreal, Canada
Habitat 67 is a very interesting arrangement of cubes, which looks like the building blocks that children play with. It is pretty interesting how it was designed. In its material sense, the cube is a symbol of stability. It looks so original and at the same time comfortable for living. It was created as a main attraction for Expo 67, one of the world’s largest universal expositions (博览会) where housing was one of the main themes.
The Basket Building, Ohio, United States
The Longaberger Basket Company building in Newark, Ohio might just be a strangest office building in the world. The 180,000-square-foot building, a copy of the company’s famous market basket, cost $ 30 million and took two years to complete. Many experts tried to persuade Dave Longaberger to change his plans, but he wanted an exact copy of the real thing.
The Crooked House, Sopot, Poland
Finished in 2003, the Crooked House has an extraordinary and amazing structure. Its design was based on the pictures of polish artist Jan Marcin Szancer and Swedish painter Per Dahlberg. It looks as if it had been taken from a cartoon: The building lines are not straight, but they are balanced, so the house is not ugly at all, just strange! The interesting part is how builders managed to create this genius idea, but the house is a fact and everyone admires their creativity.
La Pedrera, Spain
It is situated in the Eixample district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The story of the house is pretty interesting. The house was designed by Antoni Gaudi and built for a married couple. It is an extraordinary but stylish building considered to be highly unconventional-there is not even one straight line!
1．Which of the buildings above is associated with a toy?
A．Habitat 67. B．The Basket Building.
C．The Crooked House. D．La Pedrera.
2．What can we learn about the Basket Building?
A．It was built for exhibition.
B．It was designed following the pictures.
C．It was constructed according to its original design.
D．It might be the strangest office building in the world.
3．What do the Crooked House and La Pedrera have in common?
A．They both look very ugly.
B．They are built by Antoni Gaudi
C．Their design patterns are common.
D．Their construction lines are bent.
21.（2020届湖南省永州市高三第三次模拟）
A serious and widespread desert locust outbreak in some parts of Somalia, Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan and Eritrea has caused panic in the agriculture and aviation sectors.
The invasion, which has lasted for over a month despite efforts by respective governments to control it, has led to the destruction of crops and pastures (牧场) threatening food security in the region despite a promising harvest following successful rainfall.
The outbreak has also caused panic in the aviation sector, following a recent incident where an Ethiopian Airline passenger plane was forced by a swarm (群) of locusts to divert from landing in Dire Dawn Airport in east-central Ethiopia to Bole International Airport in Ethiopia’s capital Addis Ababa.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization or FAO, a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security, the present outbreak is the worst in 25 years.
The UN agency attributed the invasion to unusual weather and climate conditions, including heavy and widespread rains since October 2019. It warned a further increase in locust swarms is likely to continue until June due to the continuation of favorable ecological conditions for locust breeding.
The locusts have already destroyed 175,000 acres of farmland in Somalia and Ethiopia, according to the FAO.
The desert locust is the most dangerous of the nearly one dozen species of locusts. A typical desert locust swarm can contain up to 150 million locusts per square kilometer, according to the IGAD．An average swarm can destroy as many food crops in a day as is sufficient to feed 2,500 people.
8．What is the result of the desert locust outbreak on East Africa?
A．It has led to a disease outbreak.
B．It has caused the weather to change.
C．It has created fear in agriculture and aviation.
D．It has threatened the safety of the people there.
9．What does the underlined word “divert” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Take a different route.
B．Take off from an airport.
C．Split off from a new place.
D．Slide away from somewhere.
10．What can we learn about the desert locust outbreak according to the UN agency?
A．Locust breeding is slower and slower.
B．There will possibly be a decrease in locust swarms.
C．It is related to unusual weather and climate conditions.
D．The ecological conditions are bad for locust breeding.
11．How does the author prove the desert locust is the most dangerous of the locust species?
A．By describing a process.
B．By comparison.
C．By statistics.
D．By analyzing cause and effect.
22.（2020届湖南省永州市高三第三次模拟）
TerraCycle is a company that has recycled and upcycled (升级改造) just about any garbage it can get its hands on. It upcycles things like pens and markers into dust bins and picnic tables and cigarette ends into railroad ties.
Now, TerraCycle wants to help families waste even less with a new book Make Garbage Great: The TerraCycle Family Guide to a Zero-Waste Lifestyle. The book is part wake-up call, part history lesson, part how-to, and part DIY arts and crafts instruction.
In an effort to help people do what they can to curb their contribution to the tons of waste created every day, Make Garbage Great gives the history of various materials, discusses why those various materials are a problem, and gives tips and DIY projects to recycle or upcycle each material.
There is a chapter each on plastics, metals, paper, glass, wood, rubber and organics. Each chapter is filled with tons of tips and ideas for reducing the amount of waste you create and for responsibly handling the waste you end up creating in your home. If you’re a conscious consumer, some of the information you may already know, but there are also tips in this book that will help you recycle more than you thought you were able to. It has information on where you can take old sneakers, pillows, and all that electronic waste that seems to pile up quicker and quicker each year.
Whether the book inspires you to get a little clever at dealing with your waste or simply inspires you to think before you buy or before you throw, anyone who is concerned about the amount of waste our culture creates will find some ideas here. Even the physical book itself is a bit of an inspiration. It’s printed on tree-free paper and is a reminder that there is usually a sustainable (可持续的) alternative to many of the products that we waste.
12．What is the book intended to do?
A．To advertise for the company.
B．To help families make money.
C．To instruct people to learn arts.
D．To help families reduce waste.
13．What can we know about the book?
A．It is intended for housewives.
B．It is environmentally friendly.
C．It is well received all over the world.
D．It is not different from other paper books.
14．What does the author’s attitude towards the book?
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Doubtful. D．Objective.
15．What could be the best title for the text?
A．Live A More Healthy Life?
B．Want A Zero-waste Lifestyle?
C．TerraCycle — A Responsible Company
D．Make Garbage Great — A Key to Success
23.（2020届吉林省吉林市高三第三次调研）
When you start working on something but don’t finish it, thoughts of the unfinished work continue to jump into your mind even when you’ve moved on to other things. Psychologists refer to this psychological phenomenon as the Zeigarnik effect. The effect was first observed by a Russian psychologist named Bluma Zeigarnik. While sitting in a busy restaurant in Vienna, she noted the waiters had better memories of unpaid orders. Once the bill was paid, however, the waiters had difficulty remembering the exact details of the orders.
In one of her studies, participants were asked to complete simple tasks such as putting together puzzles, or solving math problems. Half of the participants were interrupted halfway through these tasks. After an hour-long delay, Zeigarnik asked the participants to give an account of what they’d been working on. She discovered that those who had their work interrupted were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as those who had actually completed the tasks.
We can use this effect to our advantage. For example, if you’re struggling to memorize something important, momentary interruptions might actually work to your advantage. Rather than simply remember the information over and over again, review it several times and then take a break. While you’re focusing on other things, you’ll find yourself mentally returning to the information you were studying.
We often put off tasks until the last moment, only completing them in a rush at the last possible moment. Unfortunately, this tendency can lead to heavy stress and even poor performance. One way to overcome this is to put the Zeigarnik effect to work. Start by taking the first step, no matter how small. Once you’ve begun，but not finished your work, you’ll find yourself thinking of the task until, at last, you finish it. You might not finish it all at once, but each small step you take puts you closer to your final goal.
8．What does the Zeigarnik effect refer to ?
A．Waiters tend to have good memories.
B．Once interrupted, one will forget things easily.
C．Most people can’t focus on one thing for a long time.
D．People remember unfinished tasks better than completed ones.
9．What were all the participants required to do in the study?
A．Describe their tasks. B．Express their feelings.
C．Test their intelligence. D．Design simple activities.
10．How should we study according to the Zeigarnik effect?
A．Repeat over and over again. B．Divide up our study session.
C．Focus on several tasks at a time. D．Have enough rest before studying.
11．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．How to get rid of heavy stress.
B．Why we should set a final goal.
C．How to break the habit of delaying work.
D．Why we always complete tasks in a rush.
24.（2020届吉林省吉林市高三第三次调研）
We've certainly seen a dog nursing a wound, or a deer calling out in pain. But many animals suffer in silence. The most silent sufferers in the animal world may be fish.
Do fish feel pain? A new study from the University of Liverpool has found that fish feel pain in a way that's "strikingly similar" to humans. For the study, Lynne Sneddon, from the university's Institute of Integrative Biology, reviewed the existing body of research 98 studies in all and concluded that they feel pain just as sharply as we do."
When subject to a potentially painful event, fish show changes in behavior such as stopping feeding and reduced activity, which are prevented when a pain-relieving drug is provided. In fact, like us, they breathe heavily and stop eating when they're hurting. They will even rub the part of their body that aches." Sneddon notes in a university release.
To understand pain in other species, scientists look at nociceptors (疼痛感受器), which send signals to the brain when the body is being damaged. Humans have them throughout their skin, bones and muscles. Nociceptors have also been found in many other species, including even those tiny fruit flies.
Fish have the same means to detect pain signals and the equipment to receive them. Besides, the fishermen's opinion that fish feel no pain just doesn't add up from an evolutionary view. Pain is an efficient messenger that tells, us that we've got a problem. An animal that can't feel it won't get that memo (ER), even if it hurts itself.
"If we accept fish experience pain, then this has great significance for how we treat them," Sneddon says. "Care should be taken when handling fish to avoid damaging theirs sensitive skin and they should be humanely caught and killed."
12．What can we learn about fish?
A．They are insensitive to pain. B．They are able to sense pain.
C．They won't react to painkillers. D．Their brain is the first to send pain signals.
13．What will a fish do when its lips get hurt?
A．It might rub its lips. B．It will keep its mouth open.
C．It will swim around like crazy. D．It will keep eating to forget pain.
14．What is the significance of the study according to Sneddon?
A．People will treat fish in a kinder way.
B．People can understand evolution better.
C．People can develop more drugs to save fish.
D．People will think of more ways to catch fish.
15．What does the underlined part "add up" probably mean?
A．Disappear. B．Put forward.
C．Make sense. D．Happen.
25.（2020届江西赣粤湘三省六校高三联考）
The Worlds' Best Bookshops
There's nothing like being surrounded by books， wherever you are． Here are the finest oases of literature that travellers can bring you．
Daikanyama T﹣site | Tokyo
It is well worth visiting even if just to admire the building's beautiful， crisscrossed architecture． Once you've had your fill of roaming three floors' worth of bookshelves， there's the bar， the coffee shop， or even the video rental space to give you more reason to stay just that little bit longer． Grab a book， order a beer and dive into its pages． I could have stayed hours here．
City Lights | San Francisco
The three﹣storey establishment publishes and sells titles in poetry， fiction， translation， politics， history and the arts． It hosts events and readings， and runs a non﹣profit of the same name that aims to promote diversity of voices and ideas in literature． It's opposite Vesuvio， a bar frequented by Kerouac and other Beat﹣generation writers and artists．
Shakespeare and Company | Paris
I made a special trip to the Left Bank for this one when I was in Paris． It has two floors packed with English﹣language texts， and I was particularly struck by any spare wall space devoted to notes from visitors ﹣ heartfelt messages to a loved one， dedications to the shop itself， or a quote from a favourite author or philosopher．
Hutatma Chowk | Mumbai
A few years ago I visited India， investigating Rudyard Kipling's connections with the country． I spotted a cheap copy of The Jungle Book on one of the tarp﹣covered book stalls at Hutatma Chowk （Martyrs' Square）． The booksellers here are like amateur librarians， able to lay their hands on almost any title you ask for． To me， those well﹣thumbed （翻旧了的） books spoke volumes about the changes of Mumbai's readers in the 150 years since the city gave us Kipling．
1．In which bookshop can you buy a drink while visiting？
A．Daikanyama T﹣site.
B．City Lights.
C．Shakespeare and Company.
D．Hutatma Chowk.
2．What can be learned about the book stalls at Hutatma Chowk？
A．People can meet Rudyard Kipling there．
B．They sell the cheapest books in the world．
C．The book owners are amateur librarians．
D．The sellers are familiar with the books．
3．What do the four bookstores have in common？
A．They are beautifully designed．
B．They are three﹣storey buildings．
C．They offer book lovers good experience．
D．They are frequently visited by great writers．
26.（2020届江西赣粤湘三省六校高三联考）
For many, traveling is a way to escape the worst parts of daily life. But what if a travel destination witnessed terrible events, like war, genocide（大屠杀）or nuclear fallout? Would you still want to visit?
There’s a growing phenomenon called “dark tourism” people visit sites associated with death and human suffering.
“It’s living on the edge almost -if you go to a place where people have really died,” Karel Werdler, a senior lecturer in history at InHolland University in the Netherlands, told CNN.
When people go to traditional tourist spots, like Disneyland, or some wonders of the world, they may feel happy to enjoy something interesting or new. Dark tourism, however, not only provides that novelty（新奇）but also can make them feel lucky that their problems are so small in comparison.
According to the Guardian, “Dark tourism to some extent relies on the reverse（颠倒）of the old equation（方程式）of more familiar tourism.”
For many people, these sites offer a way to reflect on the mistakes of the past and the lessons we can learn from history.
For example, Chernobyl, in the Ukraine, is one of the most popular dark destinations. When its nuclear reactor（核反应堆）exploded in 1984, it released a radioactive（放射性的）cloud so devastating that the surrounding area will remain uninhabitable（不适宜居住的）for 20,000 years.
Despite the destruction and danger of the still present radiation, nearly 72,000 people visited the area last year, reports the BBC．One of these was Li Yimeng, who went on a tour of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. During the tour she saw the homes of the power plant’s former workers, deserted classrooms, and an abandoned playground.
“I experienced a whole range of emotions as I saw the area where they used to live, which is now a wasteland,” she told China Daily. She also emphasized the need to show respect when visiting locations like Chernobyl.
Though dark tourism is related to death and dying, “it tells us more about life and the living”, The Sun noted.
8．What is the main idea of the article?
A．Comparison among different types of travel.
B．Information of a new travel trend.
C．Reasons why readers should get involved in dark tourism.
D．Introduction to one of the most popular dark destinations.
9．What makes dark tourism different from traditional tourism?
A．It is more boring and unpleasant.
B．It is more popular with young people.
C．The destination usually has a dark past.
D．The scene teaches people how to face death.
10．What does the underlined word “devastating” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?
A．Dark. B．Mysterious.
C．Enormous. D．Destructive.
11．What does the author try to show with the example of Li Yimeng?
A．Dark tourism reminds people to take action to avoid disasters.
B．Dark tourism can be a scary experience.
C．Dark tourism makes people think about life.
D．Dark tourism warns people to be cautious about high technology.
27.（2020届江西赣粤湘三省六校高三联考）
We’ve known for years that plants can see, hear, smell and communicate with chemicals. Now, reported New Scientist, they have been recorded making sounds when stressed.
In a yet-to-be-published study, Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University, in Israel, found that tomato and tobacco plants can make ultrasonic（超声的）noises. The plants “cry out” due to lack of water, or when their stems are cut. It’s just too high-pitched（音调高的）for humans to hear.
Microphones placed 10 centimeters away from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz（千赫兹）. Human hearing usually ranges from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. “These findings can alter the way we think about the plant kingdom,” they wrote.
On average, “thirsty” tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.
Perhaps most interestingly, different types of stress led to different sounds. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to separate the plants’ sounds from those of the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse. In most cases, it correctly identified whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on a sound’s intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Although Khait and his colleagues only looked at tomato and tobacco plants, they think other plants also make sounds when stressed.
If farmers could hear these sounds, said the team, they could give water to the plants that need it most. As climate change causes more droughts, they said this would be important information for farmers. “The sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture（精准农业）,” said Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.
Khait’s report also suggests that insects and mammals can hear the sounds up to 5 meters away and respond. For example, a moth may decide not to lay eggs on a water-stressed plant. Edward Farmer, at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, is doubtful. He said that the idea of moths listening to plants is “a little too speculative”.
If plants are screaming for fear of their survival, should we be thankful we can’t hear them?
12．What did Khait and his team find from their research?
A．Plants made low-pitched sounds when in danger.
B．Plants were able to produce sounds in response to stresses.
C．Plants picked up a wider range of sounds when stressed.
D．Plants made ultrasonic noises to communicate with each other.
13．How did tomato and tobacco plants react to different stresses according to the text?
A．A plant reacted to different stresses with the same sound.
B．Cut tobacco plants seemed to make weaker sounds than drought-stressed ones.
C．Cut tomato plants produced more sounds per hour than water-hungry ones.
D．Tobacco plants might make louder sounds than tomato plants when short of water.
14．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 6?
A．Challenges facing farmers in the future.
B．Farmers’ contributions to the research.
C．The potential applications of the research.
D．What the future agriculture will be like.
15．What is Edward Farmert’s attitude towards the research?
A．negative B．positive
C．neutral D．indifferent
28.（2020届江西省赣州市高三模拟）
Earlier this year when the summer heatwave was in full swing, most people were dreaming of the cooler autumn temperatures. But for those who love the summer weather, the winter colder temperatures and dreary weather are anything but welcome. The good news? There are some brilliant winter sun destinations you can escape to for glorious pleasant weather and warm sunshine.
Dubai
During the winter months the city still boasts temperatures around 26°C, perfect if you plan to make the most of the city’s beaches. However, it’s not so hot that you can’t enjoy most of the things to see and do in Dubai, from the theme parks to epic malls such as the Burj Khalifa.
Planning to make the most of the attractions? It’s worth looking into a Dubai Pass where you could save up to 50% off a host of the top must-see sights.
Thailand
The best time to visit Thailand is between November to January when it’s a dry season and the temperatures are pleasant. The country is filled with epic sights and attractions.
Fancy a city break? Head to Bangkok where glorious temples, floating markets and incredible food festivals await. Or of course you could spend a few days making the most of Thailand’s most beautiful sea sands.
Cape Verde
Sal Island is one of the main tourist spots in the country. Cape Verde is well-known for offering up a relaxing holiday; and with 10 islands to explore, there’s still ample opportunity to have an adventure or two.
However, if you only visit one spot, make it the beautiful Sal Island. It tends to be a hit with holidaymakers thanks to the white sand beaches and crystalline waters that make up its shores.
Barbados
If the idea of a snowy Christmas break doesn’t appeal, then Barbados could make for a once-in-a-lifetime festive season.
December temperatures can be around 28°C, meaning you’ll have heaps of hot weather and sunshine and of course Barbados beaches are the ideal spot to enjoy them.
1．What’s the purpose of this passage?
A．To provide warm destinations for winter. B．To compare four foreign tourist spots.
C．To offer advice on traveling abroad. D．To help escape from the hot weather.
2．What could be the best choice for food lovers?
A．Dubai. B．Thailand.
C．Cape Verde. D．Barbados.
3．What do the attractions have in common?
A．They offer tourists sights on a budget. B．A variety of food is supplied for tourists.
C．They recommend some shopping centers. D．Travelers can go for relaxation on seashore.
29.（2020届江西省赣州市高三模拟）
I once was a follower of cancel culture, enough for it still influences the media I consume today. I don’t listen to my former favorite bands like Pinegrove and Summer Salt anymore and I refuse to watch anything with Louis C．K, and I always look up which Franco brother was accused every time I go to watch something with one of them in it.
These were easy people to “cancel”, because I didn’t have much attachment to them and I could find replacements. But what happens when someone close with you has done something “cancel-worthy”? Something that you would cancel anyone else for, if you had more distance between you?
This dilemma presents two choices.
In the first choice, you could continue your relationship with the “cancelled” person, and live with the guilt. You know they did something that you wouldn’t typically forgive, but you’ve decided to give them a “get out of jail free” card. You continue to be friends with this person, but always feel uneasy because you know somewhere inside that your friend did something bad.
Or there’s option number two: You could completely cut off the person who you once called a friend. You abandon a relationship that you had worked so hard to develop, and you decide to ignore that person. Eventually, you become complete strangers with someone you were once so close with.
No matter what choice you make, you will face significant consequences. This isn’t a black or white issue. This is just one example of the challenges of life that doesn’t have a clear answer. The truth is, this is a lose-lose situation and you’re the loser. You can continue to trust someone who did something bad and live with the guilt. Or, you can stop speaking to them, but still deal with the fact that you once trusted someone who did a very bad thing, and that you had let them into your life. Either way, you end up losing something you didn’t want to.
8．What does the underlined word “them” refer to?
A．Franco brothers. B．Louis C．K and Franco.
C．Franco’s movies. D．Pinegrove and Summer Salt.
9．Why does the author stop listening to his favorite bands?
A．He has found better replacements. B．He is no longer attached to them.
C．They did something he can’t forgive. D．They don’t release good works anymore.
10．How would you feel when you keep your relationship with a “cancelled” person?
A．Relaxed. B．Guilty.
C．Awkward. D．Refreshed.
11．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 4?
A．You don’t care what they did at all.
B．You continue your relationship with them.
C．You hope they could be set free from the prison.
D．You don’t think they should receive a punishment.
30.（2020届江西省赣州市高三模拟）
If you’re reading this, it’s safe to assume you arrived by internet.
Maybe you caught the headline as it raced by on Twitter. Or you might be taking a break from watching a boring movie on Netflix.
It doesn’t matter. Because according to a new study, it all adds up to the same thing: one distraction（分心的事情）after another.
And the thing is, they’re welcome distractions. Because, as the research — published this week in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology — notes, people will do just about anything to avoid being left to their own thoughts.
For their study, researchers designed a sample test for more than 2,557 participants in 11 countries. They divided their test subjects into two groups. In the first group, people were asked to spend 10 to 15 minutes “entertaining themselves with their thoughts as best they could.”
Just sit back and think about things. Sounds good, doesn’t it? Well, not really. The second group — the one where people were told to surf the Net, play a video game, or even read a book — reported having much more fun. They scored more highly on entertainment and lower on boredom. And the preference for distraction seemed to be a global phenomenon, which may come as a surprise to Italians who are famously brilliant at doing nothing.
“The preference for doing external（外部的）activities such as reading, watching TV, or surfing the internet rather than ‘just thinking’ appears to be strong throughout the world,” the researchers note in the study.
But there does seem to be an important thing that hasn’t been included in the study. Shouldn’t the quality of thoughts matter? If you’ve got something positive to think about — say, how you’re going to spend your vacation or the great screenplay you’ve already half-written in your head — why are you reading this?
On the other hand, if you are always bothered by negative thoughts — a sad or painful experience, perhaps — by all means, keep scrolling（翻网页）.
Unfortunately, we won’t be able to take up much of your time here; it’s a short study that gets to the point in a hurry. Don’t worry though. There’s a whole world of distractions out there. Say, have you seen that ship teetering at the brink of Niagara Falls? And how about those charming cows? Bet you didn’t know they could smell you from six miles away.
And that’s something to think about.
12．Why would the Italians be surprised at the phenomenon?
A．They prefer reading books to surfing the Net.
B．They’re convinced that thinking is significant.
C．They are used to being left to their own thoughts.
D．They seldom entertain themselves by surfing the Net.
13．How was the study conducted?
A．By reference research. B．By comparative study.
C．By theoretical analysis. D．By experimental study.
14．What seems to have been ignored in the study?
A．The quality of thoughts. B．The cause of the phenomenon.
C．The solution to the problem. D．The kinds of distractions.
15．What’s the tone of the passage?
A．Worried. B．Disappointed.
C．Serious. D．Humorous.
31.（2020届江西省新余市高考二模）
Australian experts have expressed concerns that too many millennials(千禧一代）are hoping to use their social media accounts to build their careers.
Their concerns follow the sudden rise in "insta-celebrities" who make money by posting sponsored photos online. For the lucky few who are not only talented photographers but also good-looking and business-savvy(有商业头脑的)，making money off social media isn't impossible.
Instagram is flooded with social media professionals paid to promote products and services. However, social scientist Dr Lauren Rosewarne, from the University of Melbourne, says that in reality, there are far fewer people making money off the platforms than one may think.
She said many young Australians were getting sucked in by the appeal of making money on platforms like Instagram, describing it as "totally unrealistic" and extremely difficult to do.
"Young people are hoping to be famous in numbers that were simply not there 20 years ago," Rosewarne told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation(ABC) on Saturday. "There are some people who can make fortunes out of monetizing(使具有货币性质)their Instagram posts, but that is not the norm."
She said it was up to parents and schools to discourage students from seeking Insta-fame, as many believe it is a possible career choice. "There's the warning for parents; this is not a normal or even common occurrence that you can monetize your Instagram account."
Meanwhile Toni Eager from Australian National University said social problems could arise from spending too much time with social media.
"Where do the insta-celebrities go ... to separate the life people see on Instagram from their actual normal life?" Eager said. "All of a sudden, people own your private life."
8．Why is there a sudden rise in "insta-celebrities"?
A．Many young people want to be photographers.
B．Many people see it as a shortcut to making money.
C．People want to socialize by sharing photos online.
D．Instagram offers young people more career choices.
9．The underlined phrase "getting sucked in" in Paragraph 4 probably means"______".
A．benefiting from something
B．becoming involved in something
C．taking advantage of something
D．being satisfied with something
10．What message does the author convey by quoting Dr Lauren Rosewarne?
A．Young people today are more business-savvy than ever.
B．Young people are becoming less interested in Internet fame.
C．Instagram is not a good platform to promote new products.
D．It's a bad idea for young people to try earning money on Instagram.
11．What problem does Toni Eager think overuse of social media could cause?
A．An over-reliance on Instagram.
B．A loss of personal privacy.
C．Less interaction with people in real life.
D．The desire to monetize one's Instagram account.
32.（2020届江西省新余市高考二模）
If you believe that scientists and artists are most creative when they're young, you are missing an important part of the story. A new study published in De Economist looked at Nobel Prize winners in the field of economics. It found there are two different peaks of creativity. One comes early in a person's career, while another comes later.
The research supports previous work by the authors that found similar patterns in the arts and other sciences.
"We believe what we found in this study isn't limited to economics, but could apply to creativity more generally," said Bruce Weinberg, lead author of the study and professor of economics at The Ohio State University.
"Many people believe that creativity is exclusively associated with youth,but it really depends on what kind of creativity you're talking about."
In the study, those who did their most groundbreaking work early in their careers tended to be "conceptual" innovators(创新者).
These type of innovators "think outside the box", challenging conventional wisdom and suddenly coming up with new ideas. Conceptual innovators are not yet immersed(沉浸于)in the accepted theories of their field, Weinberg said.
But there is another kind of creativity, he said, which is found among "experimental" innovators. These innovators accumulate knowledge through their careers and find new ways to understand it.
The long periods of trial and error for important experimental innovations come later in a Nobel laureate's(荣誉获得者的)career.
"Whether you hit your creative peak early or late in your career depends on whether you have a conceptual or experimental approach," Weinberg said.
The researchers took a novel, empirical(经验主义的)approach to the study, which involved 31 laureates. They arranged the laureates on a list from the most experimental to most conceptual.
This ranking was based on the laureates' most important work, classifying them into "conceptual" or "experimental".
After classifying the laureates, the researchers determined the age at which each laureate made his most important contribution to economics and could be considered at his creative peak.
They found that conceptual laureates peaked between ages 25 and 29. Experimental laureates peaked when they were roughly twice as old, in their mid-50s.
"Our research suggests that when you're most creative is more about how you approach your work."
12．What did the study published in De Economist find?
A．Creativity comes at any age, young or old.
B．Creativity tends to decrease as people get older.
C．Economists, artists and other scientists have much in common.
D．Economists are more creative than artists and other scientists.
13．What does the underlined phrase "think outside the box" mean?
A．Follow rules strictly.
B．Experiment on boxes.
C．Break old thought patterns.
D．Figure out how to escape from a box.
14．What do we know about "experimental" innovators?
A．They usually come up with new ideas all of a sudden.
B．They make discoveries through constant trial and error.
C．The majority of them reach their creative peak in their twenties.
D．They make more contributions than "conceptual" innovators.
15．What do the researchers believe determines someone's creative peak?
A．One's personality type.
B．What kind of job one takes.
C．How one handles their work.
D．One's attitude toward their work.
33.（2020届江西省新余市高考二模）
Students deal with many problems in their lives and because of all of the competing things for their attention, it's hard to concentrate on studying.16．The key to effective studying isn't cramming(死记硬背) or studying longer, but studying smarter.
17．Too many people look at studying as a necessary task, not an enjoyment or opportunity to learn. That's fine, but researchers have found that how you approach something matters almost as much as what you do. Sometimes you can't “force” yourself to be in the right state of mind. Aim to think positively when you study, and remind yourself of your skills and abilities. 18．Instead of thinking, “I'm a mess. I'll never have enough time to study for this exam", look at it like, “I may be a little late to study as much as I'd like, but I'll get most of it done.”
Memory games are methods for remembering pieces of information using a simple connection of common words. Most often people get words to form a nonsense sentence that is easy to remember. Memory games are helpful because you use more of your brain to remember visual and active images than you do to remember just a list of items.19．
A lot of people make the mistake of studying in a place that really isn't helpful to concentrating.20．The library, a corner in a study hall, or a quiet coffee house are good places to check out. Make sure to choose the quiet areas in these places, not the loud, central gathering areas. Finding an ideal study place is important, because it's the one you can reliably count on for the next few years.
A．Avoid terrible thinking.
B．Avoid comparing yourself with others.
C．A noisy place makes for a poor study area.
D．Using more of your brain means better memory.
E.Having a right attitude is important to study smarter.
F.You need more effective study habits for better grades.
G.Every person is unique in their way of effective learning.
34.（2020届江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考）
Famous Dance Forms From Around The World
Singing and dancing is an essential part of many cultures around the world and has been so for centuries. Worldwide, various dance forms have evolved over the years and some have crossed their regional boundaries and gained admirers globally. Here we present some of the most famous dance styles in the world.
Ballet, Russia
No dance form can approach gracefulness as closely as the Russian ballet. It is an artistic dance form that is performed to music. The steps of Russian ballet demand high levels of precision and formality. The classical ballet dance form which originated in Renaissance Italy was introduced to Russia during the rule of Peter the Great and since then became an integral part of Russian society.
Flamenco, Spain
Flamenco is a globally famous dance form that originated in Spain. The dance is accompanied by guitar playing, singing, finger snapping, and handclapping. Flamenco is closely linked to the Romani people in Spain, and its style is distinctly Andalusian. The art form is currently taught in many countries worldwide but is most popular in the US and Japan. In the latter country, Flamenco schools outnumber those in Spain.
Tango, Argentina
Tango is a partner dance that is associated with style and expressiveness. In the 1880's, the dance form originated along the River Plate which is the natural border between Uruguay and Argentina. Many different styles of tango exist today and international tango dancing competitions are held each year signifying the popularity of this dance.
Samba, Brazil
Samba is synonymous（同义的）with the famous Carnival of Brazil. It is a Brazilian dance style and music genre with roots in Africa and arrived in Latin America via the African slaves who arrived in Latin America with their European masters. Samba is associated with rhythm and brightly colored costumes and is considered as an integral part of the Brazilian culture.
1．Which dance form is believed to be the most graceful?
A．Tango. B．Ballet.
C．Samba. D．Flamenco
2．What is the main feature of Tango?
A．High levels of precision and formality.
B．Being accompanied by finger snapping and hand clapping.
C．Rhythm and brightly colored costumes.
D．Style and expressiveness.
3．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Ballet originated in Russia during the rule of Peter the Great.
B．Spain has more Flamenco schools than Japan.
C．Samba was brought to Brazil by European masters
D．All the four forms of dance mentioned did not originate in their own countries