高考英语模拟题汇编专题02 阅读理解之说明文（二）（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

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专题02阅读理解之说明文
1.（2020届江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考）
Scientists say they've developed a system using machine learning to predict when and where lighting will strike. The research was led by engineers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland.
European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power outages, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires. For these reasons, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning. In the United States and other places, ground-based sensing devices are used to identify strikes as they happen. But, no system has been created to effectively predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments used a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.
The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm（算法）, which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
Amirhossein Mostajabi is a PhD student at the institute who led the development of the method. He said, “current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites.”
“Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station,” Mostajabi said. “This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut,” be added.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection system. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project.
8．Why have climate scientists tried to predict and control lighting?
A．To collect relative data.
B．To reduce the destruction lightning has been causing.
C．To create a scientific system.
D．To do research in relation to machine learning.
9．The four mentioned surface conditions include all the following EXCEPT ________.
A．air pollution B．wind speed
C．relative humidity D．air temperature
10．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A．lighting. B．the system being tested.
C．the atmospheric data. D．the machine learning algorithm.
11．What can we learn about Mostajabi from the passage?
A．He developed the method and the system himself.
B．He thinks the current systems are too slow and simple.
C．He is a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
D．He believes their system does much better in data collection.

【答案】
8．B
9．A
10．C
11．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家们开发出的一种系统，利用机器学习能力有效地预测闪电，以减少闪电袭击带来的危害和损失。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“...that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power outages, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires. For these reasons，climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning.（世界各地每年有6,000至24,000人死于闪电。闪电袭击还可能导致停电、破坏财产、损坏电气设备和引发森林火灾。）”可知，科协家们想预测、控制闪电是因为想找到办法，以减少闪电所带来的危害和损失。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.”可知，与四个主要表面条件有关的数据有气压、空气温度、相对湿度和风速，没有提到空气污染。故选A项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第五段“The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm（算法）, which compared it to records of lightning strikes.（将大气数据输入到机器学习计算法中，随后计算法会将这些数据与闪电袭击记录进行比较。）”可以推测，it指代上一句中的the atmospheric data。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。第六段中提到“current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites”，Mostajabi认为目前收集此类数据的系统缓慢而复杂，需要昂贵的雷达或卫星等收集设备；第七段中提到“Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station…This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut”, Mostajabi认为他们这种方法使用的数据可以从任何气象站获得， 这将改善雷达和卫星未覆盖的非常偏远地区或通信系统被切断的地方的数据收集。因此可以推断，Mostajabi相信他们的系统在数据收集方面比原来的做得更好。故选D项。
2.（2020届辽宁省大连市第二十四中学高三模拟）
SHORTLIST OF LONDON'S BEST
If you have limited visiting time we recommend you follow this list.
1) Houses of Parliament. The guided tours of the Houses of Parliament are excellent, in any language you want, and get you to places that even normal Brits can't. However, when Parliament is sitting, they are not running, but you can still get in.
2) Hampton Court. We rate this as one of the best attractions in Europe. A whole succession of kings and queens have added to Henry VIII’s original palace. There lie a fantastic park (by Capability Brown) and gardens (including the famous maze), and Tudor kitchens and one of the last remaining Real Tennis courts. Lots of free (once you've paid the admission) guided tours, some in costume, by people who know and love the place. It's also surrounded by a series of parks and makes a great destination for a bike trip - train out (30 minutes from Waterloo), bike back (12 miles) along the river. We prefer it to the Tower of London - you'll probably want to visit both, it knocks the spots off Buckingham Palace.
3) The River. Walk along the South Bank from Tower Bridge to Lambeth. The best of London is spread out for you: The Tower of London & Tower Bridge, The Houses of Parliament, Lambeth Palace (residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury), Shakespeare's Globe theatre, Both Tate Galleries, St Paul's Cathedral, The South Bank Centre, The Temple, The London Eye, Westminster Abbey, Somerset House. (A 2 hour walk if you don't stop for long). Or you can take a boat out to Greenwich, the Thames Barrier or the Dome.
4) Westminster Abbey. Where they crown Kings. An unreasonable admission charge (should really be free or voluntary donation), but a masterpiece anyway. If you get bored of waiting in the queue, or packed down by the crowds, hurry yourself off to the City where there's more square space of historic church, and empty.
5) The Theatre. It'd be a crime to visit London and not take in a show. Londoners have been passionate about theatre for centuries. Not only is the quality high, but the price is low — one third the price of Broadway.
1．Which tour will a foreign student studying the history of British Royal Family most probably prefer？
A．the tour to Westminster Abbey B．the tour to Tower Bridge
C．the tour to Somerset House D．the tour to Hampton Court
2．What time does the underlined statement “when Parliament is sitting” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．when the Parliament is not officially in session.
B．when the members of Parliament are debating over a hot issue.
C．when the Parliament is staying idle for repairs.
D．when the members of Parliament are taking a break after some exercise
3．Why are Londoners fond of theatre?
A．They enjoy the criminal drama plots.
B．They enjoy the inexpensive admission.
C．They enjoy the Classical Music and Opera.
D．They enjoy the scene of Shakespeare’s Globe theatre.

【答案】
1．D
2．A
3．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了五个伦敦最佳参观地名单。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中A whole succession of kings and queens have added to Henry VIII’s original palace.可知一个又一个的国王和王后为亨利八世原来的宫殿增添了新的色彩。由此可知，学习英国王室历史的外国学生最喜欢汉普顿宫之旅。故选D。
2．句意猜测题。根据划线句子后文they are not running, but you can still get in.可知，他们并没有在运行，但是你仍然可以进入议会。由此判断出，当议会没有正式开会时，他们并没有在运行，但是你仍然可以进入议会。可知，划线句子意思为“当议会没有正式开会的时候”，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Not only is the quality high, but the price is low - one third the price of Broadway.可知不仅质量好，而且价格便宜——只有百老汇的三分之一。由此可知，伦敦人喜欢戏剧因为他们喜欢便宜的门票。故选B。
3.（2020届辽宁省大连市第二十四中学高三模拟）
By now you’ve probably heard about the “you’re not special” speech, when English teacher David McCullough told graduating seniors at Wellesley High School: “Do not get the idea you're anything special, because you're not.” Mothers and fathers present at the ceremony - and a whole lot of other parents across the internet - took issue with his ego-puncturing words. But lost in the anger and protest was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they're particularly talented or accomplished or not. In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, it's not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average.
Such inflated (膨胀的) self-judgments have been found in study after study, and it's often exactly when we're least competent at a given task that we rate our performance most generously. In a 2006 study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical students who scored the lowest on an essay test were the most charitable in their self-evaluations, while high-scoring students judged themselves much more strictly. Poor students, the authors note, "lack insight" into their own inadequacy. Why should this be? Another study, led by Cornell University psychologist David Dunning, offers an enlightening explanation. People who are incompetent, he writes with co-author Justin Kruger, suffer from a “dual burden”: they're not good at what they do, and their ineptness (笨拙) prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.
In Dunning and Kruger's study, subjects scoring at the bottom of the heap on tests of logic, grammar and humor "extremely overestimated" their talents. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile, they guessed they were in the 62nd. What these individuals lacked (in addition to clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor) was "metacognitive skill" (元认知技巧): the capacity to monitor how well they're performing. In the absence of that capacity, the subjects arrived at an overly hopeful view of their own abilities. There's a paradox (悖论) here, the authors note: “The skills that develop competence in a particular domain are often the very same skills necessary to evaluate competence in that domain.” In other words, to get better at judging how well we’re doing at an activity, we have to get better at the activity itself.
There are a couple of ways out of this double bind (两难). First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you yourself don't possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly you're doing, but just what it is that you're doing wrong. As Dunning and Kruger note, success indicates to us that everything went right, but failure is more ambiguous: any number of things could have gone wrong. Use this external feedback to figure out exactly where and when you screwed up.
If we adopt these strategies - and most importantly, teach them to our children - they won't need parents, or a commencement(毕业典礼) speaker, to tell them that they're special. They'll already know that they are, or have a plan to get that way.
8．What does the underlined phrase “took issue with” in paragraph 1 most probably mean?
A．totally approved of B．disagreed with
C．fully understood D．held discussion about
9．What is the problem that shouldn't be overlooked in the author’s opinion?
A．we don’t know whether our young people are talented or not
B．young people can't reasonably define themselves
C．no requirement is set up for young people to get better
D．we always tend to consider ourselves to be privileged
10．Which is NOT mentioned about poor students according to the passage?
A．They lack the capacity to monitor how well they are performing.
B．They usually give themselves high scores in self-evaluations.
C．They tend to be unable to know exactly how bad they are.
D．They are intelligently inadequate in tests and exams.
11．What does the strategies of becoming special suggest?
A．the best way to recognize excellence is to study past success and failure
B．through comparison with others, one will know where and when he fails
C．we need internal honesty with ourselves and external honesty from others
D．neither parents nor a commencement speaker can tell whether one is special

【答案】
8．B
9．B
10．D
11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。到目前为止，关于“你并不特别”的演讲的越来越多，虽然许多父母抗议这种话语，但是我们的年轻人实际上并不知道他们是否特别有才华或有成就。很多研究发现，这种夸大的自我判断，而恰恰是在我们最不能胜任某项任务的时候，我们才会对自己的表现给出最慷慨的评价。文章分析了能力不够的人的一些表现，以及摆脱这种困境的方法。
8．词义猜测题。根据后文his ego-puncturing words. But lost in the anger and protest was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they're particularly talented or accomplished or not.可知，但在愤怒和抗议中迷失是我们真正应该铭记在心的事情：我们的年轻人实际上并不知道他们是否特别有才华或有成就。由此判断处出席典礼的父母们——以及互联网上的许多其他父母——都对他的自我伤害言论提出了争议。所以划线短语意思为“对……有争议”。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段中In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, it's not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average.可知我们急于提升他们的自尊，却忘了教他们如何实际地评估自己的能力，而这是学好数学、音乐、体育等任何学科的关键要求。事实上，不仅仅是那些享有特权的高中生：我们都倾向于认为自己高于平均水平。由此判断出，在作者看来，年轻人无法合理地定义自己的问题不应该被忽视。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中What these individuals lacked (in addition to clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor) was "metacognitive skill": the capacity to monitor how well they're performing.可知这些人所缺乏的(除了清晰的逻辑、正确的语法和幽默感之外)是“元认知技能”:监控自己表现的能力。由此可知A选项“他们缺乏监控自己表现的能力”文章提到了；第三段中In Dunning and Kruger's study, subjects scoring at the bottom of the heap on tests of logic, grammar and humor "extremely overestimated" their talents.可知在Dunning和Kruger的研究中，在逻辑、语法和幽默测试中得分最低的受试者“极度高估”了自己的才能。由此可知，B选项“”文章提到了；根据第二段中People who are incompetent, he writes with co-author Justin Kruger, suffer from a “dual burden”: they're not good at what they do, and their ineptness prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.可知他与合著者Justin Kruger写道，能力不够的人承受着“双重负担”:他们不擅长自己的工作，而他们的无能使他们无法认识到自己有多糟糕。由此可知C选项“他们往往无法确切知道自己有多糟糕”文章提到了；只有D选项“他们在测验和考试中不够聪明”文章没有提到。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others.Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you yourself don't possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to accomplish(首先，我们可以学会诚实地与他人比较，训练自己认识到优秀，即使你自己没有，并将你能做的和真正优秀的人能完成的进行比较)以及后文Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly you're doing, but just what it is that you're doing wrong.Use this external feedback to figure out exactly where and when you screwed up.(找一个批评者，他不仅会告诉你你做得有多糟糕，还会告诉你你做错了什么。利用这些外部反馈，准确地找出你是在何时何地把事情搞砸的。)由此判断出，变得特别的策略意味着我们需要内在的诚实对待自己，外在的诚实对待他人。故选C。
4.（2020届辽宁省锦州市高三一模）
Jellyfish are unusual creatures. They’re neither fish nor jelly. Some are among the most colourful creatures in the world, but it’s best to look but not touch these invertebrates（无脊椎动物）. Not only are they very fragile creatures, but many give a painful sting, and some are even deadly. Whether you admire them in an aquarium or try to avoid them in the wild, you won’t be able to get these fascinating jellyfish facts out of your head.
Here’s a jellyfish fact that might come in handy: There are several names for a group of jellyfish. They include smack, bloom, and swarm. Choose the word you prefer depending on whether you think the jellyfish pack looks like a garden of blooming flowers or more like a frightening pack of stingers, and whether you’re admiring them at an aquarium or if you and your fellow snorkelers are surrounded.
Jellyfish have two main forms in their life cycle that look quite different from each other. Scientific American explains that an adult jellyfish, called a medusa, has a bell-shaped body with tentacles（触须）flowing down below it. Young jellyfish, called polyps, look more like sea anemones, with shorter tentacles that flow up above the main body. Medusas reproduce by releasing eggs.
Melanie Roberts, Senior Aquarist at SeaWorld Orlando, says that the largest jellyfish in the world is a lion’s mane jellyfish. The body of this beautiful orange jelly can grow up to three feet in diameter. With its 12,000 tentacles that can grow 120 feet long, Oceana.org adds that the lion’s mane jelly compares in size to the planet’s largest animal: the blue whale.
Regardless of their size, jellyfish are mostly made of water. In fact, they’re about 95 per cent water.These creatures don’t have brains, blood, or bones. And most jellyfish don’t have eyes. Jellyfish also use their mouths both for eating and for waste removal.
8．Why can’t we touch jellyfish?
A．Because they may be stung.
B．Because they may die easily.
C．Because they may feel painful.
D．Because they may hurt people.
9．What are jellyfish named after?
A．Its size. B．Its color.
C．Its appearance. D．Its lifestyle.
10．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Mouth is an important organ for jellyfish.
B．Polyps can clone themselves by laying eggs.
C．The largest jellyfish in the world is 120 feet long.
D．Medusas have tentacles flowing up above the body.
11．What can be the best title of the passage?
A．Several facts about jellyfish.
B．The two main forms of jellyfish.
C．Jellyfish are neither fish nor jelly.
D．Jellyfish have many different names.

【答案】
8．D
9．C
10．A
11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了关于水母的一些信息。
8．细节理解题。由第一段“Not only are they very fragile creatures, but many give a painful sting, and some are even deadly”可知，水母不仅是非常脆弱的生物，而且很多水母会刺痛人类，有些甚至是致命的。所以为什么我们不能触摸水母是因为他们可能会伤害人。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。由第二段“Choose the word you prefer depending on whether you think the jellyfish pack looks like a garden of blooming flowers or more like a frightening pack of stingers”可知，选择你更喜欢的词取决于你认为水母群看起来像一个盛开的花园还是更像一群可怕的刺。所以水母是以它的外表命名的。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。由最后段“Jellyfish also use their mouths both for eating and for waste removal” 可知，水母还利用它们的嘴来进食和清除废物。所以我们能从这篇文章中学到嘴是水母重要的器官。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。由第一段，第二段,第三段,第四段“Not only are they very fragile creatures, but many give a painful sting, and some are even deadly . Here’s a jellyfish fact that might come in handy. Jellyfish have two main forms in their life cycle that look quite different from each other. Melanie Roberts, Senior Aquarist at SeaWorld Orlando, says that the largest jellyfish in the world is a lion’s mane jellyfish”可知，它们不仅是非常脆弱的生物，而且很多会刺痛你，有些甚至是致命的。这是一个关于水母的事实，可能会派上用场。水母在它们的生命周期中有两种主要的形态，它们看起来非常不同。奥兰多海洋世界的资深动物检疫员梅勒妮·罗伯茨说，世界上最大的水母是狮鬃水母。所以短文从不同的角度介绍了水母的一些信息。所以短文的最佳标题为“关于水母的几条信息”。故选A项。
5.（2020届辽宁省锦州市高三一模）
Fancy your own satellite? Arizona State University is working towards making this a reality with its SunCube FemtoSat project. Smaller than a standard CubeSat, the low-cast student-designed spacecraft is aimed at providing greater access to space for scientists and hobbyists alike.
Assistant professor Jekan Thanga and a team of students have been developing the SunCube FemtoSat for the past two years. The small 3×3×3cm cube weighs in at just 35g and a longer (3×3×9cm, 100g) model has also been designed, which includes storage space.
Each SunCube FemtoSat has its own communication, data collection and propulsion (推进) systems and is powered by solar panels. It is made of off-the-shelf parts that are available in shops, and the energy-efficient solar panels are cut from scrap (碎片), which makes it save energy, sold at a discount by manufacturers. “With a spacecraft of this size, any university can do it,” says Thanga. “That’s part of our major goal—space discovery for everybody.”
The team says that while launching your own satellite would usually cost between US $ 60,000-70,000 per kilo, it would only cost $ 1,000 to send a SunCube FemtoSat to the International Space Station, and $ 3,000 to send it into low earth orbit. Leaving the earth’s gravity would cost an estimated $ 27,000.
The FemtoSat would be packed with a “jack in the box” style system that matches standard CubeSat sizes (around 10 cubic cm), simplifying the process of getting the tiny satellite into orbit. NASA has sent 30 CubeSats into space over the last years, with another 50 awaiting launch.
Thanga and his staff view the FemtoSat as a starting point for scientists and students, and even hope the device could be bought on the website like Amazon one day. Thanga imagines developing four main applications for the device, including hands-on testing experiences for students, and artificial gravity experiments. In addition, groups of SunCube FemtoSats could eventually be able to do the job of larger spacecraft at a vastly discounted cost.
12．What is the major goal of the SunCube FemtoSat project?
A．To act on teaching in outer space. B．To provide access to spacecraft design.
C．To help carry out a classroom experiment. D．To help average individuals explore space.
13．What is special about SunCube FemtoSats?
A．They are of the same size. B．They are energy-efficient.
C．They are mainly designed for lab use. D．They are mainly used to collect information.
14．What does Thanga expect of SunCube FemtoSats?
A．They’ll be available online. B．They’ll be provided for free.
C．They’ll match the size of CubeSats. D．They’ll be sent into space with CubeSats.
15．What can be the best title for the text?
A．FemtoSats Will Rule Space B．Your Own Satellite Is Coming
C．Going into Space Has Been Afforable D．You can Design Your Own Spacecraft

【答案】
12．D
13．B
14．A
15．B
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种微型卫星的成功研制将使大众探索太空成为可能。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中最后一句Smaller than a standard CubeSat, the low-cast student-designed spacecraft is aimed at providing greater access to space for scientists and hobbyists alike.“这艘由学生设计的低空太空飞船比标准的立方体卫星要小，旨在为科学家和业余爱好者提供更多的太空探索机会。”和第三段最后一句“That’s part of our major goal—space discovery for everybody.”“这是我们主要目标的一部分——为所有人探索太空。”可以推断出，研制这种微型卫星的主要目的是帮助大众探索太空。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段一、二两句Each SunCube FemtoSat has its own communication, data collection and propulsion (推进) systems and is powered by solar panels. It is made of off-the-shelf parts that are available in shops, and the energy-efficient solar panels are cut from scrap (碎片), which makes it save energy, sold at a discount by manufacturers.“每个太阳立方飞秒望远镜都有自己的通信、数据收集和推进系统，并由太阳能电池板供电。它是由商店里现成的零件制成的，而高效节能的太阳能电池板是从废料中切割出来的，这使得它能够节约能源，并在制造商那里打折出售。”可知，这种微型卫星用太阳能板供电，所用的材料都是节能环保的。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Thanga and his staff view the FemtoSat as a starting point for scientists and students, and even hope the device could be bought on the website like Amazon one day.“Thanga和他的工作人员将飞向地球视为科学家和学生的一个起点，甚至希望有一天能在亚马逊这样的网站上买到这种设备。”可知，Thanga希望人们能够在网上买到FemtoSats。故选A。
15．标题归纳提。根据第一段中的关键句“Fancy your own satellite”和第三段中的关键句“That’s part of our major goal—space discovery for everybody”可以归纳出，B项“你自己的卫星就要来了”作为标题最能够反映文章主题且吸引读者。故选B。
6.（2020届辽宁省辽阳市高三一模）
Most of Earth’s freshwater sits underground. Worldwide, about 70 percent of the groundwater drawn to the surface goes for farming. But surface waters — rivers and streams — come from groundwater, too. Drawing too much groundwater over a short time can be harmful. Natural waterways can begin to empty. And that can hurt freshwater ecosystems. Scientists consider this a tipping point when small actions can begin making unusually big differences.
A new study has found that 15 to 21 percent of tapped water (自来水) areas have reached this sort of tipping point. Most of those tapped rivers and streams are in dry areas. Farmers in these areas use groundwater to water their crops. At present drawing rates, the study predicts that 42 to 79 percent of water areas around the world where groundwater is drawn up for use at the surface will reach tipping points by 2050.
A healthy groundwater aquifer (含水层) protects ecosystems against seasonal ups and downs in the use of water. That provides stability for area plants and animals. But if too much groundwater is drawn up from below, surface waters will begin to flow into the aquifer, which can harm what are living in rivers and streams.
De Graaf and the study team set up a computer model. It linked groundwater drawing and water flows within rivers. The model covered fifty years, from 1960 to 2010. Then the researchers used climate forecasts to help the model predict what might happen in future years. Throughout, they kept groundwater drawing rates sustainable. More than half of drawn water areas are likely to cross this ecological tipping point before 2050, the model finds.
“We need to be thinking about this now, not in 10 years,” De Graaf says. “Our study shows us where to target more sustainable efforts.”
8．What does the “tipping point” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．End point. B．Breaking point.
C．Freezing point. D．Boiling point.
9．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the text?
A．Warn us that the surface water can pollute the groundwater.
B．Warn us of watering the crop by groundwater.
C．Tell us the relation of groundwater and surface water.
D．Warn us that the overuse of groundwater can destroy the ecosystem.
10．What is the part the groundwater plays in the environment?
A．Keeping the stability of natural water.
B．Protecting ecosystems from pollution.
C．Clearing surface waters to be drinkable.
D．Providing stability for the local economy.
11．How did the researchers conduct the study?
A．They predicted the result based on the old data.
B．They happened to work out the result.
C．They measured all the groundwater and surface water.
D．They did questionnaire surveys on the water information.

【答案】
8．B
9．D
10．A
11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究预测，到2050年，全球42%至79%的地下水被开采出来供地表使用的水域将达到临界点，这可能会损害淡水生态系统。研究人员呼吁现在就要开始考虑地下水可持续发展努力的方向。
8．词义猜测题。根据第一段中Drawing too much groundwater over a short time can be harmful. Natural waterways can begin to empty. And that can hurt freshwater ecosystems. Scientists consider this a tipping point when small actions can begin making unusually big differences.可知，在短时间内摄取过多的地下水是有害的。自然水道可能会开始干涸。这可能会损害淡水生态系统。科学家认为这是一个tipping point，小行动可以开始产生不同寻常的大差异。由此可知，推断这是一个转折点，因此猜测划线短语tipping point意为“转折点，临界点”。故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段中Drawing too much groundwater over a short time can be harmful. Natural waterways can begin to empty. And that can hurt freshwater ecosystems.可知，在短时间内摄取过多的地下水是有害的。自然水道可能会开始干涸。这可能会损害淡水生态系统；以及最后一段“We need to be thinking about this now, not in 10 years,” De Graaf says. “Our study shows us where to target more sustainable efforts.”可知，“我们需要现在就考虑这个问题，而不是10年后，”De Graaf说。“我们的研究为我们指明了更多可持续努力的方向。”由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是警告我们过度使用地下水会破坏生态系统。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中A healthy groundwater aquifer (含水层) protects ecosystems against seasonal ups and downs in the use of water. That provides stability for area plants and animals.可知，健康的地下水含水层保护生态系统免受水利用的季节性波动。这为当地的动植物提供了稳定性。由此可知，地下水在环境中的重要作用是保持天然水的稳定。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中De Graaf and the study team set up a computer model. It linked groundwater drawing and water flows within rivers. The model covered fifty years, from 1960 to 2010. Then the researchers used climate forecasts to help the model predict what might happen in future years.可知，De Graaf和研究小组建立了一个计算机模型。它将地下水抽取和河流中的水流联系起来。该模型涵盖了从1960年到2010年的50年。然后，研究人员利用气候预测来帮助模型预测未来几年可能发生的事情。由此可知，研究人员根据旧的数据预测了结果。故选A项。
7.（2020届辽宁省辽阳市高三一模）
Extra fingers are not that rare. About one or two in every 1,000 babies are born with extra fingers. If the extras are just small nubs (肿块), they may be surgically removed at birth. But some extra fingers can prove helpful, a new study shows.
An extra finger can be incredibly handy. People born with six fingers per hand can tie their shoes, flexibly manage phones and play a complicated video game — all with a single hand. What’s more, their brains had no trouble controlling the more complex movements of their extra fingers, the new study finds. Its results also highlight how flexible the human brain can be. That information can guide people who design brain controlled robots.
Researchers worked with a 52-year-old woman and her 17-year-old son, both of whom were born with six fingers on each hand. Their extra fingers grew between the thumb and index finger. And they resemble thumbs in how they can move. The researchers studied the subjects’ hands with MRI (核磁共振成像), which can map body structures. They also looked at activity in the parts of the brain that control the hands. Those scans showed a dedicated brain system that controls the extra fingers. The sixth fingers had their own muscles and tendons (肌腱). That means they don’t just depend on the muscles that move the other fingers, as some doctors had thought. The brain had no trouble directing the extra fingers, the researchers showed. It suggests someone’s mind would be able to control robotic fingers or limbs. However, it might be harder for a person not born with extra fingers.
Living in a world designed for people with five fingers has led the mom and son to adapt in interesting ways. For instance, eating tools are too simple for them, so they constantly change the posture on the eating tools and use them in a different way. Still, not everyone with extra fingers may show improved flexibility. In some cases, extra fingers may be less well developed.
12．What does the new research find about extra fingers?
A．They are always useless. B．They are very uncommon.
C．They are usually necessary. D．They are sometimes beneficial.
13．What can we infer about extra fingers from the text?
A．Extra fingers’ muscles and tendons are stronger.
B．Extra fingers are more flexible than normal ones.
C．The extra nubs removed at birth are actually helpful.
D．Brain-controlled Robots can be designed to have extra fingers.
14．What can we know from the last paragraph?
A．The mom and son live an interesting life.
B．Some people enjoy the life with extra fingers.
C．Eating tools are quite simple for people with extra fingers.
D．Some people with extra fingers are not more flexible than ordinary people.
15．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Sixth Finger Can Improve Ability
B．Sixth Finger Can Prove Extra Handy
C．Sixth Finger Should Be Treated Properly
D．Sixth Finger Should Develop in Many Ways

【答案】
12．D
13．D
14．D
15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究表明大多数情况下拥有额外的一根手指是特别方便的。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中But some extra fingers can prove helpful, a new study shows.可知，但一项新的研究表明，多一些手指可能会有帮助。由此可知，新的研究发现，额外的手指有时是有利的。故选D项。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中What’s more, their brains had no trouble controlling the more complex movements of their extra fingers, the new study finds. Its results also highlight how flexible the human brain can be. That information can guide people who design brain controlled robots.可知，更重要的是，新研究发现，他们的大脑在控制额外手指的复杂运动方面没有问题。它的结果也强调了人类大脑的灵活性。这些信息可以指导设计大脑控制机器人的人。由此可知，大脑控制的机器人可以被设计成拥有额外的手指。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Still, not everyone with extra fingers may show improved flexibility. In some cases, extra fingers may be less well developed.可知，不过，并不是所有拥有额外手指的人都能显示出更好的灵活性。在某些情况下，额外的手指可能发育不太好。由此可知，有些拥有额外手指的人并不比普通人灵活。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中But some extra fingers can prove helpful, a new study shows.(但一项新的研究表明，多一些手指可能会有帮助)和第二段中An extra finger can be incredibly handy.(一根额外的手指非常方便)以及第三段中However, it might be harder for a person not born with extra fingers.(然而，对于一个不是生来就有额外手指的人来说，这可能会更加困难)可知，本文主要是讲述了研究表明有额外一根手指是特别方便的，因此本文的最佳标题是“事实证明，第六根手指特别方便”。故选B项。
8.（2020届宁夏石嘴山市高三二模）
Boomerang children who return to live with their parents after university can be good for families, leading to closer, more supportive relationships and increased contact between the generations, a study has found.

The findings contradict research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant decline in their parents’ quality of life and wellbeing.
The young adults taking part in the study were “more positive than might have been expected” about moving back home – the shame is reduced as so many of their peers are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of their parents’ financial and emotional support. Daughters were happier than sons, often slipping back easily into teenage patterns of behaviour, the study found.
Parents on the whole were more uncertain, expressing concern about the likely duration of the arrangement and how to manage it. But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities.
The families featured in the study were middle-class and tended to view the achievement of adult independence for their children as a “family project”. Parents accepted that their children required support as university students and then as graduates returning home, as they tried to find jobs paying enough to enable them to move out and get on the housing ladder.
“However,” the study says, “day-to-day tensions about the prospects of achieving different dimensions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came close to conflict, characterised the experience of a majority of parents and a little over half the graduates”.
Areas of disagreement included chores, money and social life. While parents were keen to help, they also wanted different relationships from those they had with their own parents, and continuing to support their adult children allowed them to remain close.
28．What is the finding of the previous research?
A．Boomerang children made their parents happier.
B．The parents were looking forward to their children’s return.
C．The parents’ quality of life became worse than before.
D．Boomerang children never did any housework.
29．The underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 2 may be best replaced by _____.
A．cause
B．defeat
C．arise
D．allow
30．What is the attitude of the college graduates towards returning home?
A．They are ashamed of turning to their parents for help.
B．They are glad that they could come back.
C．They are doubtful about whether they should return.
D．They are proud to be independent from the family.
31．What can be inferred as the reason for the “boomerang children” phenomenon?
A．The children want to keep in closer touch with their parents.
B．The parents are willing to provide support to their children.
C．It is harder for the children to secure a satisfying job.
D．There is more house work needed to be done by the children.
【答案】
28．C
29．A
30．B
31．C
【解析】本文是说明文。一项研究发现，“啃老族”子女在大学毕业后回到父母身边生活对家庭是有好处的，他们会与父母建立更亲密、更具支持性的关系，并增进两代人之间的联系。
28．推理判断题。根据The findings contradict research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant decline in their parents’ quality of life and wellbeing.可知，以往的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。故选C。
29．猜测词义题。根据The findings contradict research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant decline in their parents’ quality of life and wellbeing.一句，通过新旧研究的对比，以往的研究表明，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。trigger意为“导致，致使”，与cause意义一致，故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据The young adults taking part in the study were more positive than might have been expected about moving back home the shame is reduced as so many of their peers are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of their parents financial and emotional support.可知，大学毕业生对回家的态度是积极的。故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities.可知，孩子们很难找到一份满意的工作。故选C。
9.（2020届宁夏石嘴山市高三二模）
Before you throw your trash into the nearest can, think for a moment. Not all your garbage can be dumped into one trashcan. It needs to be sorted out with different things going into different bins. Waste classification, a practice that has long been normal in developed countries like Japan, is the new challenge for many Chinese urban residents. However, though initially you might need to rack your brains to figure out which trash goes into which can, in the long run, the result is well worth the effort.
Landfills, sites where waste is buried and covered over with soil, are a major method of disposing of residential waste in China. However, considering the environmental disaster associated with burying waste, there is a pressing need to reduce the amount of waste that goes into a landfill. Classification, sorting waste into different categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, is a key solution.
Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims to put in place a classification-based garbage disposal system by the end of 2020. It is hoped that this will reduce the quantity of waste that ends up in landfills by a large degree. Shanghai came into the media focus in early July after it carried out compulsory garbage sorting rules that those who fail to dispose of garbage properly should be fined. Beijing is reviewing its regulations to follow in Shanghai's footsteps. The new rules may cause short-term inconvenience but they are meant to help residents follow the concept of garbage classification for the common good.
As the programs show, residents can gradually develop this habit with their growing awareness and the help of advanced technology. In future, this practice should be adopted across China, in urban cities and rural areas alike. With public involvement, China's garbage sorting program will contribute not only to the nation's sustainable (可持续的) development but also to making the planet a better place to live in.
32．What is the most probable reason for classifying waste?
A．No site for burying waste. B．People's habit.
C．Economic cost. D．Environmental pollution.
33．What is the purpose of the program?
A．To practise waste classification.
B．To protect environment.
C．To save oil for farming.
D．To reduce the quantity of waste.
34．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A program adopted across China.
B．Shanghai carried out new disposal rules.
C．Doing the best with waste.
D．Protecting environment is necessary.
35．What is likely to happen in China according to the text?
A．China will become the leading country of the program.
B．The program will be spread nationwide.
C．Development in rural areas will make great progress.
D．People will help develop modern technology.

【答案】
32．D
33．A
34．C
35．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。考虑垃圾填埋造成的环境污染，目前中国有46个城市正在实行垃圾分类处理，即按照垃圾的不同性质放入不同的垃圾桶。中国计划到2020年建立一个基于垃圾分类的系统，在全国范围内实行该政策。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的However, considering the environmental disaster associated with burying waste, there is a pressing need to reduce the amount of waste that goes into a landfill. Classification, sorting waste into different categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, is a key solution. (然而，考虑到与掩埋垃圾相关的环境灾难，减少进入垃圾填埋场的垃圾数量迫在眉睫。垃圾分类，将废弃物按有害物、可回收物和厨余垃圾等不同类别分类，是一个关键的解决方案)可知进行垃圾分类的主要原因是考虑环境污染。D. Environmental pollution. (环境污染)符合以上说法，故选D项。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段的Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims to put in place a classification-based garbage disposal system by the end of 2020. (目前全国46个城市正在执行一个项目，该项目旨在到2020末建立一个基于分类的垃圾处理系统)可知该项目的目的是到2020年全国都可以实行垃圾分类。A. To practise waste classification. (为了实践垃圾分类)符合以上说法，故选A项。
34．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的Before you throw your trash into the nearest can, think for a moment. Not all your garbage can be dumped into one trashcan. It needs to be sorted out with different things going into different bins. (在你把垃圾扔进最近的垃圾桶之前，认真想一下。并非所有的垃圾都能被倒入一个垃圾桶。需要把不同的东西放到不同的垃圾桶。)可知本篇主要讲述根据垃圾不同的性质进行分类，然后再倒入适合的垃圾桶，即垃圾分类处理。C. Doing the best with waste. (用最好的方式处理垃圾)可以作为本文标题，故选C项。
35．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的In future, this practice should be adopted across China, in urban cities and rural areas alike. (今后，这一做法将在全国范围内推广，无论城市还是农村都一样)可知将来垃圾分类的做法将在全国实行。B. The program will be spread nationwide.
(这个项目将会在全国普及)符合以上说法，故选B项。
10.（2020届宁夏银川一中高三第二次模拟）
Vacations for People Who Love Winter Activities
When the temperatures drop, don't run away from the cold, embrace it with one of these perfect winter wonderland vacations.
See an ice-skating show at Madeleine Hotel
Telluride, Colorado is famous for skiing - they have everything from Alpine to Nordic to back country. But right outside this gorgeous Madeleine Hotel is a massive ice-skating rink with rentals (hockey skates and figure skates) as well as lessons, shows and even special DJ nights.
Sip winter sweetness at the Ice Wine Festival
This chilly January festival at Niagara on the Lake can reach temps of 40 degrees below zero but, as long as you can feel your fingers and toes, you can sip ice wine - made from frozen local grapes - from the ice bar in the town square. When you're ready to warm up, sign up for a vineyard tour and go from winery to winery sipping and tasting small food pairings.
Bowl on ice at the American Club
In the courtyard of the Tudor-style American Club in Kohler, Wisconsin, you can try your hand at bowling on outdoor lanes made of ice. There's also Bavarian Curling, and patio heaters to keep you comfortable while you challenge your friends. The courts stay open through March and require 48-hour notice for reservations.
Hit the hills at Lake Placid Lodge
The Adirondacks in New York are a winter wonderland, once the home of the winter Olympics, and has everything from bobsledding to tobogganing, dog sledding, ski jumping and ice-skating. At the end of the day, check out one of Lake Placid Lodge's famous snow bonfires, best admired with hot cocoa.
If more information is needed, you can click here.
21．If you are interested in skating, where will you probably go?
A．Telluride and Adirondacks. B．Telluride and the Lake.
C．Adirondacks and Kohler. D．Kohler and the Lake.
22．What can you do at the Ice Wine Festival?
A．Touch your fingers and toes. B．Skate at the ice bar.
C．Taste some wine and food. D．Bowl on outdoor ice lanes.
23．From which is the text probably taken?
A．A life magazine. B．A website.
C．A geography textbook. D．An advertisement column.

【答案】
21．A
22．C
23．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要向读者介绍了几个有名的冬日活动基地，并对每个地方的情况进行了说明。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“Telluride, Colorado is famous for skiing﹣they have everything from Alpine to Nordic to back country.”科罗拉多州的泰勒里德以滑雪而闻名，从高山滑雪到北欧滑雪，再到乡村滑雪，无所不包；根据倒数第二段的“The Adirondacks in New York are a winter wonderland, once the home of the winter Olympics, and has everything from bobsledding to tobogganing, dog sledding, ski jumping and ice﹣skating.”纽约的阿迪朗达克是一个冬季仙境，曾经是冬季奥运会的举办地，拥有从雪橇、狗拉雪橇、滑雪跳跃和滑冰的一切活动。可知，如果你想滑雪，可以前往Telluride 和 Adirondacks，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据文章Sip winter sweetness at the Ice Wine Festival部分的内容，“When you're ready to warm up, sign up for a vineyard tour and go from winery to winery sipping and tasting small food pairings.”可知，当你准备好热身的时候，注册一个葡萄园之旅，从一个酒厂到另一个酒厂啜饮并品尝小食物。因此，在Ice Wine Festival上，你可以品尝红酒以及吃到一些小食物，结合选项，故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If more information is needed, you can click here.”可知，如果需要更多信息，请单击此处。所以推测，本文章来源于网络，故选B。
11.（2020届宁夏银川一中高三第二次模拟）
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
32．Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly?
A．They did not have sufficient fund.
B．No ready-made components were available.
C．There was no model in their mind.
D．It was hard for them to assemble the components.
33．What can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4?
A．The robotic fly has been put into wide application.
B．The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C．Information from many sources can be collected by the robotic fly.
D．The robotic fly can just fly in limited areas at present.
34．Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A．Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.
B．Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C．The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.
D．There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
35．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．The Development of Robotic Fly
B．Robotic Fly Promotes Engineering Science
C．Harvard’s Efforts in Making Robotic Fly
D．Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect

【答案】
32．B
33．D
34．A
35．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了哈佛大学的一组工程师受到大自然的启发，创造了第一只机器苍蝇。文章还说明了设计这种机械苍蝇遇到的困难和该飞行装置的应用区域，这种设计为研究飞行力学和昆虫控制提供了一种新方法
32．细节理解题。根据第二段中. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.（他说:“像这样的项目还有一个额外的困难，那就是这些组件都不是现成的，所以我们必须自己开发。”）可知工程师们在让机器人飞行时遇到的困难是没有现成的组件。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据第四段中While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield.（当这第一个机器人飞行器连接到一个小型的，外置的电源时，它的目标是最终给它配备一个内置的电源，这样它可能有一天在救援地点，在农民的田地或战场上执行数据收集工作。）可推知机器苍蝇目前只能在有限的区域飞行。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said.（“你可以开始考虑用它们来回答开放式的科学问题，你知道，用动物很难做到的方式来研究生物学，但可以用这些机器人来代替，”他说。）可知伍德的设计可以在某些实验中代替动物。故选A。
35．主旨大意题。根据第一段中A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly.（哈佛大学的一组工程师受到大自然的启发，创造了第一只机器苍蝇。机械苍蝇已经成为一系列高新技术集成系统的平台。这台小型机器的设计初衷是让苍蝇能很自然地做它们该做的事情，但它的体积只有一只家蝇那么大。）以及文章主要内容围绕着机械苍蝇能够模仿真实的昆虫来进行数据收集工作，故D选项符合文章标题。故选D。
12.（2020届山西省吕梁市高三一模）
As levels of carbon dioxide - CO2 - in the atmosphere have been rising in recent decades, Earth has been warming. That’s because as a greenhouse gas, CO2 traps heat in Earth’s atmosphere. That warming is one symptom of climate change. And it has the potential to affect food in many ways. Data now show that rising levels of CO2 also can affect how nutritious a crop will be. Some of those data were reported last year in Annual Review of Public Health. Indeed, it noted that several studies have come to this conclusion.
Samuel Myers is an environmental health scientist at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass. He was part of a team that has studied the potential effects of climate change on nutrition. In one 2014 study, his group looked at six major food crops: wheat, rice, field peas, soybeans, maize (corn) and sorghum. They exposed plants to different amounts of CO2. Some got levels of between 363 and 386 parts per million (ppm), which were typical at that time. (CO2 levels have since risen.) Other plants were exposed to more of that greenhouse gas as they grew — 546 to 586 ppm. Such levels are expected to develop within the next 50 years or so.
After harvesting the plants, the researchers measured their levels of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. And plants grown with more CO2 were less nutritious. Most people depend on cereal crops, such as wheat and rice, to meet their dietary needs for both zinc and iron. If crop levels of such nutrients fall, people may face an even greater risk of falling ill.
Scientists don’t yet know why CO2 impacts levels of these nutrients. But the new findings suggest scientists may want to try breeding new varieties of crops that are less affected by CO2. That way people will still get the most benefits from their greens and grains.
8．What can be the best title of the passage?
A．The rising CO2 levels. B．Climate change affecting nutrition of crops.
C．Effects of a greenhouse gas on the environment. D．New varieties of crops.
9．How did researchers come to the conclusion?
A．By experimenting and measuring. B．By referring to books.
C．By imagination. D．By turning to farmers for help.
10．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A．Scientists don’t yet know why CO2 impacts levels of these nutrients.
B．CO2 levels are expected to rise to 546 to 586 ppm within the next 50 years or so.
C．The Earth has been warming because CO2 traps heat in the atmosphere.
D．Global warming affects food only in one way.
11．What’s the author’s attitude towards crops in the future?
A．Indifferent. B．Doubtful.
C．Negative. D．Positive.

【答案】
8．B
9．A
10．D
11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了二氧化碳对农作物营养含量的影响。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中That warming is one symptom of climate change. And it has the potential to affect food in many ways. Data now show that rising levels of CO2 also can affect how nutritious a crop will be. 气候变暖是气候变化的一个症状。它有可能在很多方面影响食物。现在的数据显示，二氧化碳浓度的上升也会影响农作物的营养价值。以及最后一段中Scientists don’t yet know why CO2 impacts levels of these nutrients. 科学家们还不知道为什么二氧化碳会影响这些营养物质的含量。可知，本文主要是讲述了二氧化碳对农作物营养含量的影响，因此本文的最佳标题选项B“气候变化影响作物营养。”符合题意。故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中In one 2014 study, his group looked at six major food crops: wheat, rice, field peas, soybeans, maize (corn) and sorghum. They exposed plants to different amounts of CO2. 在2014年的一项研究中，他的团队观察了六种主要的粮食作物：小麦、大米、豌豆、大豆、玉米和高粱。他们将植物暴露在不同数量的二氧化碳中。以及第三段中After harvesting the plants, the researchers measured their levels of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. 在收获这些植物后，研究人员测量了它们的维生素、矿物质和其他营养物质的水平。可知，研究人员通过实验和测量得出了这个结论。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段中And it has the potential to affect food in many ways. 它有可能在很多方面影响食物。以及第三段中After harvesting the plants, the researchers measured their levels of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. And plants grown with more CO2 were less nutritious. 在收获这些植物后，研究人员测量了它们的维生素、矿物质和其他营养物质的水平。二氧化碳含量高的植物营养价值较低。可知，选项D“全球变暖只在一个方面影响食物”是错误的。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中But the new findings suggest scientists may want to try breeding new varieties of crops that are less affected by CO2. That way people will still get the most benefits from their greens and grains. 但新的发现表明，科学家可能想要尝试培育受二氧化碳影响较小的农作物新品种。这样，人们仍然可以从蔬菜和谷物中获得最大的益处。可知，作者对未来农作物的态度是积极的。故选D项。
13.（2020届山西省吕梁市高三一模）
We’ve all been told to dress warmly or we’ll catch cold. But science says the common cold is caused by the virus, not the weather. Actually, according to researchers at Yale University, there just might be something to this old wives’ tale.
For decades, researchers have known that the virus replicates (复制) more readily in cooler environments, such as the nose, rather than at the warmer core body temperature. The reason for this, explains Ellen Foxman, an assistant professor at Yale University School of Medicine, long remained a mystery. Scientists didn’t know whether the virus itself worked better at colder temperatures, or the immune system worked worse. “No one could find anything,” she says.
Then Foxman and her colleagues studied what’s called the born immune system, which is present in every cell, and how it responds to various temperatures when the virus is present. In the lab, they examined airway cells from mice and found that the immune system produced fewer chemical substances called interferons at lower temperatures, allowing the cold virus to flourish.
In a study published this year, they found supporting results in human cells: At the warmer core body temperature, born immune systems that block viral growth are more active, and can stop and kill viruses. Now the team is trying to better understand the defenses the body uses to prevent the virus.
While wearing a scarf around your nose to warm it up might help prevent a cold, Foxman recommends washing your hands so you don’t pass the virus to your eyes, nose, or mouth in the first place. “If the virus isn’t in your nose, it can’t cause infection,” she says.
12．What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean?
A．Listen to the elders. B．The tale makes sense.
C．The tale is interesting. D．The research is useless.
13．What did the Foxman team find?
A．The virus increased in warmer environments.
B．The mice was more active in warmer conditions.
C．The immune system produced more antivirus in warm air.
D．A chemical in the immune system can stop and kill virus.
14．What does the Foxman team suggest to prevent the cold?
A．Wearing a scarf. B．Dressing warmly.
C．Washing the hands. D．Stay warm in winter.
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．Cold weather causes cold. B．Tips on protecting immune system.
C．Cold impact the body’s immune system. D．Many viruses can cause the common cold.

【答案】
12．B
13．C
14．C
15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员发现寒冷的天气确实会使免疫系统产生较少的被称为干扰素的化学物质，这使得感冒病毒得以大量繁殖，因此导致感冒。
12．词句猜测题。根据第一段中But science says the common cold is caused by the virus, not the weather. Actually, according to researchers at Yale University, there just might be something to this old wives’ tale. 但是科学表明，普通的感冒是由病毒引起的，而不是天气。事实上，根据耶鲁大学的研究人员的说法，___________________。以及最后一段While wearing a scarf around your nose to warm it up might help prevent a cold, Foxman recommends washing your hands so you don’t pass the virus to your eyes, nose, or mouth in the first place. 虽然在鼻子上围一条围巾保暖可能有助于预防感冒，但Foxman建议首先要洗手，这样你就不会把病毒传染给眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴。由保暖的围巾可能有助于预防感冒，可知，要穿得暖和些，否则会着凉的这种说法是由有一定道理的，因此猜测划线句意为“传说是说得通的”。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中In the lab, they examined airway cells from mice and found that the immune system produced fewer chemical substances called interferons at lower temperatures, allowing the cold virus to flourish. 在实验室里，他们检查了小鼠的呼吸道细胞，发现免疫系统在较低的温度下产生较少的被称为干扰素的化学物质，使得感冒病毒得以大量繁殖。可知，换句话说，Foxman团队发现，在温暖的空气中免疫系统会产生更多的抗病毒物质。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中While wearing a scarf around your nose to warm it up might help prevent a cold, Foxman recommends washing your hands so you don’t pass the virus to your eyes, nose, or mouth in the first place. 虽然在鼻子上围一条围巾保暖可能有助于预防感冒，但Foxman建议首先要洗手，这样你就不会把病毒传染给眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴。可知，Foxman团队建议勤洗手以防感冒。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段We’ve all been told to dress warmly or we’ll catch cold. But science says the common cold is caused by the virus, not the weather. Actually, according to researchers at Yale University, there just might be something to this old wives’ tale. 我们都被告知要穿得暖和些，否则会着凉的。但是科学表明，普通的感冒是由病毒引起的，而不是天气。事实上，根据耶鲁大学的研究人员的说法，这种无稽之谈可能有些道理。可知，本文主要是讲述了研究人员发现寒冷的天气确实会使免疫系统产生较少的被称为干扰素的化学物质，这使得感冒病毒得以大量繁殖，因此会导致感冒，因此选项A“寒冷的天气导致感冒。”符合题意。故选A项。
14.（2020届山西省吕梁市高三一模）
New Year’s is when many people feel motivated to make a savings or financial plan. For those who want to increase the chance of success, 16．
Set goals in January (or on your birthday).
Academic research shows both New Year’s Day and birthdays are good times to start change. Because both mark a new start, they help us “wipe the slate clean,” said Katherine Milkman. “We explain that it was ‘the old me’ who failed, but this year will be different”. 17．
Set specific, realistic goals.
People often set themselves up for failure by choosing goals that are too vague or extreme — for example, to “save more”. If a goal requires you to remove things you enjoy, you may feel depressed and lose the ability to stick to it. 18． For example, “I will increase my savings rate from 5% to 15% in the next five years.”
19．
The next step is to break your goal down into smaller steps and solve one at a time. “Nobody tries to run a marathon on the first day,” said Mr. Egan. “You need a plan to get there.”
Use the behavioral strategies that work for you.
Individuals need to automate their savings. 20． “There will be setbacks. They are part of the journey,” said Mr. Egan. “Give yourself credit for success even if there is some difficulty.”
A．Run a marathon.
B．Make a detailed plan.
C．This boosts self-confidence, a key to success.
D．the following are some strategies to consider.
E.They also need to learn to be patient with themselves.
F.This involves saving separately for different goals.
G.The key is to make your goals as specific and realistic as possible.

【答案】
16．D
17．C
18．G
19．B
20．F
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对那些想要增加储蓄或理财计划成功机会的人提供了一些值得考虑的策略：在一月份(或者你生日那天)设定目标，设定具体的、现实的目标，制定详细的计划，使用对你有效的行为策略。
16．根据上一句For those who want to increase the chance of success, 对于那些想要增加成功机会的人来说，可知，此句位于本段句末，承上启下，因此此处内容与提出一些做储蓄或理财计划的策略有关，选项D“以下是一些值得考虑的策略”符合题意。故选D。
17．根据上一句“We explain that it was ‘the old me’ who failed, but this year will be different”. “我们解释说，失败的是‘过去的我’，但今年将有所不同。”可知，此处内容与从内心增强自信有关，选项C“这能增强自信，这是成功的关键。”符合题意。故选C。
18．根据本段小标题Set specific, realistic goals. 设定具体的、现实的目标。以及下一句For example, “I will increase my savings rate from 5% to 15% in the next five years.” 例如，“我将在未来五年内把我的储蓄率从5%提高到15%。”可知，此处内容与使目标具体化、现实化有关，选项G“关键是要让你的目标尽可能的具体和现实。”符合题意。故选G。
19．根据下一句The next step is to break your goal down into smaller steps and solve one at a time. 下一步是把你的目标分解成更小的步骤，一次解决一个。可知，此句是本段的小标题，体现本段的主旨，因此此处内容与把目标的计划细化有关，选项B“制定详细的计划。”符合题意。故选B。
20．根据本段小标题Use the behavioral strategies that work for you. 使用对你有效的行为策略。以及上一句Individuals need to automate their savings. 个人需要自动储蓄。可知，此处内容与实现自动储蓄有关，选项F“这涉及到为不同的目标分别存钱。”符合题意。故选F。
15.（2020届陕西省咸阳市高考一模）
Porridge doesn't have a very tasty name, does it? It doesn't have a very tasty reputation, either. I'm here to try and convince you that porridge isn’t boring and tasteless, that it can be a delicious, convenient and very healthy way to start the day.
If you’ve never eaten it (although you probably have), porridge is a type of food served for breakfast. It is usually a type of grain, like rice or oat (燕麦), mixed with either milk or water, and often heated up. It is often thicker than liquid, but not solid and is very easy to digest, so it's a better option for people who are ill, and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.
Porridge preparation--the amount of ingredients (配料) and cooking time—depends on what you choose to use as your porridge base. If I'm cooking for myself, I put a very big handful of ‘rolled’ oats in a saucepan, add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. I stir the porridge constantly, and it takes about five to ten minutes to cook.
Once it's cooked, the fun part is adding the flavors. Porridge alone doesn't have a very strong flavour. Although some people think this makes porridge boring, I think this is what makes porridge exciting! It is like a blank piece of paper—you can add almost anything you want to the porridge base. Greens, nuts and dried fruits are very healthy options to add and can give you energy for the day. But if you don't like these, or you're allergic, then honey and chocolate are also very tasty options. (Just don’t add to much!)
One of the best things about porridge? You can make it almost anywhere in the world. Either oats or rice or both are “staple foods (主食)” for many people across the world. You can usually buy big bags of either, then add local ingredients to make your porridge interesting—whatever is cheap and convenient to find, wherever you are. I am currently in Mexico, and I love to heat my oats up with milk, then mix in peanuts and pumpkin seeds and cacao nibs, and I put a layer of sugar over the top to make my porridge sweeter.
Porridge? Hopefully it sounds a lot tastier now!
8．According to the author, what is the best thing about porridge?
A．It provides long-lasting energy for the day.
B．It is cheap and convenient to make.
C．It's a better option for people.
D．It is never boring and tasteless.
9．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To give brief introduction to various porridge.
B．To show how to prepare porridge for the patient.
C．To warn us not to have porridge for breakfast.
D．To introduce the benefits of porridge.
10．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Porridge is often thicker, liquid and solid.
B．Porridge alone has a very strong flavor.
C．Porridge is to many people's liking.
D．Porridge is only served for breakfast.
11．What's the author's favourite flavor?
A．Porridge with Sugar. B．Porridge with oats.
C．Porridge with fruit. D．Porridge with milk.

【答案】
8．B
9．D
10．C
11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，粥是一种美味、方便又健康的开始一天的方式，介绍了煮粥的方法。
8．细节理解题。由题干关键词the best thing about porridge可将答案定位于倒数第二段。由倒数第二段中的“You can make it almost anywhere in the world. Either oats or rice or both are “staple foods (主食)” for many people across the world. You can usually buy big bags of either, then add local ingredients to make your porridge interesting—whatever is cheap and convenient to find, wherever you are.”（你几乎可以在世界任何地方做粥，对全世界许多人来说，燕麦或米饭两者都是“主食”，你通常可以买这两样中的一大袋，然后加入当地的配料，让你的粥变得有趣，无论你在哪里，主食都是便宜又方便找到的。）可知， 粥最好的事情之一就是便宜且方便制作。故选B项。
9．推理判断题。由第一段中的“I'm here to try and convince you that porridge isn’t boring and tasteless, that it can be a delicious, convenient and very healthy way to start the day.”（我来这里是想让你相信，粥并不是无聊和无味的，它可以是一种美味、方便和非常健康的开始一天的方式。），第二段中的“It is often thicker than liquid, but not solid and is very easy to digest, so it's a better option for people who are ill, and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.”（它通常比液体稠，但不是固体，而且很容易消化，所以对于生病的人来说，它是一个更好的选择，它为一天提供持久的能量。），和倒数第二段中的“You can usually buy big bags of either, then add local ingredients to make your porridge interesting—whatever is cheap and convenient to find, wherever you are.”（你通常可以买一大袋这两样中的任何一样，然后加入当地的配料，让你的粥变得有趣，无论你在哪里，主食都便宜又方便被找到。），可以推断出这篇文章的目的是介绍粥的优点。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。由第二段中的“It is often thicker than liquid, but not solid and is very easy to digest, so it's a better option for people who are ill, and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.”（它通常比液体稠，但不是固体，而且很容易消化，所以对于生病的人来说，它是一个更好的选择，它为一天提供持久的能量。），可知粥比液体稠，但不是固体，排除A项；由第四段中的“Porridge alone doesn't have a very strong flavour.”（光是粥就没有很浓的味道。），排除B项；由第二段中的“If you’ve never eaten it (although you probably have), porridge is a type of food served for breakfast.”（如果你从未吃过（虽然你可能吃过），粥是早餐的一种食物。），可知粥是早餐的一种食物，并不是只有早餐能吃，排除D项，所以只有C项正确，符合文意。故选C项
11．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“I am currently in Mexico, and I love to heat my oats up with milk, then mix in peanuts and pumpkin seeds and cacao nibs, and I put a layer of sugar over the top to make my porridge sweeter.”（我现在在墨西哥，我喜欢用牛奶加热我的燕麦，然后混合花生、南瓜子和可可豆，我在上面放一层糖，使我的粥更甜。）可知，作者最喜欢的味道是甜粥。故选A项。
16.（2020届陕西商洛中学高三三模）
When she was studying to become a scientist, Megan Strauss rode in a small airplane to study giraffes. While a pilot flew over the Serengeti in Tanzania, Africa, the researchers looked down carefully and counted giraffes.
"I am always amazed how easily we can spot warthogs and other small animals, yet we sometimes have trouble seeing giraffes. Giraffes are slender in shape, and they may not throw a good shadow, " says Dr. Strauss, who has since become a wildlife scientist.
The Serengeti is about the size of Vermont, a state in the northeastern US, so the scientists could not study the entire area. Instead, they surveyed three areas where giraffes were studied in the 1970s. As they expected, they saw far fewer of these animals.
To find out if lions had been killing more giraffes in recent years, the team looked at the survival of young giraffes. Lions kill more young giraffes than adults, but the team found no decrease in young giraffes' survival after they are born, compared with the 1970s.
The team then looked at whether too many giraffes were being killed by parasites(寄生虫).The researchers counted parasite eggs in giraffe droppings, and they found too few to harm the giraffe population.
They looked into whether poachers (盗猎者)were killing too many giraffes. Two of the areas they studied are where giraffe meat is sometimes sold in local markets. Poachers catch more adult males than other giraffes. Researchers spotted too few males compared with females in those two areas, a sign of poaching.
When the food supply is short, the environment supports fewer giraffes and the females have fewer young giraffes. A lot of new trees have grown in the Serengeti, but many are a type that giraffes do not like to eat. The researchers found fewer young giraffes today than in the 1970s compared with the number of adult females, a sign that food was in short supply.
Dr. Strauss is working on an environmental education program for Tanzania including books for students. These materials will educate Tanzanians and help them to help giraffes. As knowledge grows and changes are made, they hope the giraffe population will increase.
4．What did Dr. Strauss find while studying giraffes in the Serengeti?
A．It was too costly to study giraffes.
B．It was hard to spot giraffes from the air.
C．The number of giraffes had increased slowly.
D．Giraffes lived in smaller areas than in the 1970s.
5．How did the team study the lion-giraffe relationship?
A．By analyzing giraffe droppings.
B．By comparing young giraffes with adults.
C．By comparing male giraffes and females.
D．By surveying the survival of young giraffes.
6．What is Dr. Strauss doing to help giraffes?
A．She is founding a national park in Tanzania.
B．She is counting giraffes in the entire Serengeti.
C．She is educating students to write about giraffes.
D．She is raising environmental awareness in local people.

【答案】
4．B
5．D
6．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员通过研究调查年轻长颈鹿的存活情况，发现长颈鹿的数量在减少，并发现偷猎和缺乏食物是长颈鹿数量减少的原因。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段的I am always amazed how easily we can spot warthogs and other small animals, yet we sometimes have trouble seeing giraffes. Giraffes are slender in shape, and they may not throw a good shadow. (我很吃惊我们能很容易地发现疣猪和其他小动物，但有时我们却很难看到长颈鹿。长颈鹿是苗条身材，他们可能不会投下影子。)可知，要在空中发现长颈鹿很难，因为它们可能不会投下影子。B. It was hard to spot giraffes from the air.(在空中很难看到长颈鹿)符合以上说法，故选B项。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段的To find out if lions had been killing more giraffes in recent years, the team looked at the survival of young giraffes. Lions kill more young giraffes than adults, but the team found no decrease in young giraffes' survival after they are born, compared with the 1970s. (为了查明近年来狮子是否猎杀了更多的长颈鹿，研究小组观察了幼长颈鹿的存活情况．狮子杀死的幼长颈鹿比成年长颈鹿多，但研究小组发现，与上世纪70年代相比，幼长颈鹿出生后的存活率并没有下降)可知，研究人员是通过研究调查幼长颈鹿的存活情况，来研究狮子和长颈鹿的关系的。D. By surveying the survival of young giraffes.(通过研究年轻长颈鹿的存活)符合以上说法，故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Dr. Strauss is working on an environmental education program for Tanzania including books for students. These materials will educate Tanzanians and help them to help giraffes. As knowledge grows and changes are made, they hope the giraffe population will increase. (Dr. Strauss 正在为坦桑尼亚开展一个环境教育项目，其中包括为学生提供书籍。这些材料将教育坦桑尼亚人并帮助他们帮助长颈鹿。随着知识的增长和变化，他们希望长颈鹿的数量会增加)可知，Dr. Strauss 通过引起当地人的环保意识来帮助长颈鹿。D. She is raising environmental awareness in local people.(她正在提高当地人的环保意识)符合以上说法，故选D项。
17.（2020届陕西商洛中学高三三模）
Wood has many great characteristics that make it the perfect building material. It is cheap，durable(耐用的)，easily available，and most importantly，environmentally sustainable. The one thing it is not，is transparent(透明的). Now thanks to a team of scientists at Stockholm's KTH Royal Institute of Technology，the material may even be able to add that feature to its already impressive list.
Lead researcher Dr. Lars Berglund said he was inspired to create the transparent wood after learning how Japanese researchers had developed a see-through paper for use in flexible display screens for electronic devices. The team began by pulling out the wood's lignin(木质素). The lignin-free wood was then dipped into a polymer(聚合物)and baked at a temperature of 158F for four hours. The result was a hybrid product that was not only stronger and lighter than the original wood but also，almost transparent. The researchers were able to adjust the level of transparency by varying the amount of the polymer injected and also by changing the thickness of the wood.
While scientists have previously created a see-through wood for small-scale applications like computer chips, he transparent wood is the first one being considered for large scale applications. The researchers, who revealed their findings in Biomacromolecules on April 11, picture using the transparent wood in buildings to allow for more natural light, or to create windows that let in the desired amount of light without sacrificing privacy.
Wood that allows light to pass through could lead to a brighter future for homes and buildings. Berglund also thinks the wood could play a significant role in the design of solar panels. The semi-transparent material would be able to keep light longer and give it more time to interact with the conductor, thus resulting in better solar efficiency. Additionally, substituting the currently used glass with this new product would help solar energy manufacturers improve their carbon footprint and lower the cost. They are now experimenting with ways to scale up the manufacturing process so that the transparent material is cost-effective to make and easy to use.
7．What does the underlined part "that feature" in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Cheapness. B．Durability. C．Sustainability. D．Transparency.
8．Which of the following is not the process in which the transparent wood is made?
A．Dip the wood into a polymer.
B．Reduce the amount of the polymer.
C．Make the wood lignin-free.
D．Bake the wood for some time.
9．Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．Berglund got the idea of transparent wood while making paper.
B．Varying the amount of the polymer changes the wood's hardness.
C．The cost of making the transparent wood still needs to be cut down.
D．The transparent wood would be used only for homes and buildings.
10．What is the last paragraph mainly about？
A．The bright future of the transparent wood.
B．The wood's role in the design of solar panels.
C．The disadvantages of the currently used glass.
D．Solar energy manufacturers' carbon footprint.

【答案】
7．D
8．B
9．C
10．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。科学家们研究出了一种透明木头。文章介绍了制造这种木头的过程以及这种木头的特点和未来的应用。
7．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“It is cheap，durable(耐用的)，easily available，and most importantly，environmentally sustainable. The one thing it is not，is transparent(透明的)”可知，木头便宜，耐用，容易获得，最重要的是，可持续。但是它不是透明的。而最后一句提到：由于科学家的努力，已经将“那个特点”添加到已有的特点单子里了。根据这个语境可以推知，该处应指，科学家们使得木头成为透明的了。“透明”也成为了它的一个特点。故该画线词应该指D选项：透明。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The lignin-free wood was then dipped into a polymer(聚合物)and baked at a temperature of 158F for four hours”可知，制造透明木头的过程之一是：将无木质素的木材浸泡在聚合物中，在158华氏度的温度下烘烤4小时。因此B选项提到的“减少聚合物的量”和原文不符。故B选项切题。
9．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They are now experimenting with ways to scale up the manufacturing process so that the transparent material is cost-effective to make and easy to use”可知，现在，他们正在尝试扩大制造工艺，使得透明材料制造起来更加合算，易于使用。由此推知，现在制造透明木头的成本仍然很高，需要降低成本。故C选项正确。
10．主旨大意题。最后一段介绍了透明木头将来在家庭，建筑物，太阳能电池板，环保等方面的应用。由此可知，最后一段主要介绍了透明木头的光明未来。故A选项正确。
18.（2020届四川省德阳市高三二诊）
Hearing loss is unavoidable,but listening to loud music when you’ re younger can make it worse. To reduce your risk of hearing loss via loud music,learn why and how it can cause hearing loss,and just how loud is too loud.
Hearing loss occurs in four ways:conductive hearing loss,sensorineural hearing loss,mixed hearing loss and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. Noise-induced(噪音诱发的)hearing loss is a type of sensorineural hearing loss.
Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when your inner ear becomes damaged. In the case of noise induced hearing loss,most of the damage affects the cells of tiny sensory hairs in your inner ear.
When those cells get damaged or die,the electrical signal that your auditory nerve sends to your brain changes.
Noise-induced hearing loss can be acute or severe,and it can be temporary or permanent. You might be familiar with acute temporary noise-induced hearing loss,even if you didn’t realize what was happening at the time.
Acute temporary noise-induced hearing loss can occur from attending a loud concert or sporting event,going to a gun range without earmuffs or being near an explosion. It can make noises sound “stuffy”or far away,especially when talking on the phone or in a crowded room. Repeated exposure to those loud situations can eventually lead to permanent hearing loss.
Noise levels from earbuds and headphones can get as loud as 139 decibels,according to the journal Noise &Health,far greater than the recommended range of everyday sound exposure,which is 60 to 85 decibels. And the average level of noise from headphones,with the volume turned all the way up,is 94 to 110 decibels. For context, 60 decibels is about the volume of an average conversation,and 130 decibels is about the noise level of a rock concert. 85 decibels is considered the maxi- mum volume at which you can listen to sound for eight hours without damaging your hearing. So if you were to listen to music from your headphones for eight hours a day,listening at a volume louder than 85 decibels can cause permanent damage to your ears.
Unfortunately,the relationship between decibels and time isn’t linear. For every three decibels,safe exposure time gets cut in half,according to the CDC．At 88 decibels,you can only safely listen for four hours;at 91 decibels,just two hours.
32．What does the underlined word”it”in Paragraph One refer to?
A．Hearing loss. B．Listening to loud music. C．Risk. D．Loud music.
33．In which of the following situations is acute temporary noise-induced hearing loss more likely to occur?
A．Attending a rock concert. B．Participating in a heated debate.
C．Going to a gun range with earmuffs. D．Watching an explosion at a distance.
34．In terms of safe exposure,how long can you listen at 97 decibels?
A．A quarter. B．Half an hour. C．One hour. D．One and a half hours.
35．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．Loud Music Damages Hearing B．How to Prevent Hearing Loss
C．How Loud Is Too Loud D．Music and Hearing

【答案】
32．D
33．A
34．B
35．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了听力损失是不可避免的，但年轻时听吵闹的音乐会使情况更糟。要想通过听吵闹音乐来降低听力损失的风险，你需要了解音乐为什么会导致听力损失，以及它是如何造成听力损失的。
32．词义猜测题。根据前一句“listening to loud music when you’re younger can make it worse(年轻时听吵闹的音乐会使情况变得更糟)”中的listening to loud music为主语，因此本句应是对其进行进一步的描述，“it”作为不定代词，可指代前文提及的动作或事物，结合本句“To reduce your risk of hearing loss via loud music, learn why and how it can cause hearing loss, and just how loud is too loud.”因此可推知本句中it应指前一句“listening to loud music when you’ re younger can make it worse(年轻时听吵闹的音乐会使情况变得更糟)”中的 loud music。故选D项。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容“Acute temporary noise-induced hearing loss can occur from attending a loud concert or sporting event, going to a gun range without earmuffs or being near an explosion.( 急性暂时性噪音性听力损失可以发生在参加吵闹的音乐会或体育赛事、去没有耳罩的射击场或在爆炸附近。)”可知参加吵闹的音乐会出现该情况，选项A“Attending a rock concert.( 参加摇滚音乐会。)”为吵闹音乐会。故选A项。
34．细节理解题。根据文章末尾内容“For every three decibels, safe exposure time gets cut in half, according to the CDC. At 88 decibels, you can only safely listen for four hours; at 91 decibels, just two hours.( 根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据，每三分贝，安全暴露时间就会减少一半。在88分贝时，你只能安全地听4个小时;在91分贝时，你只能听两个小时。)”可知，每增加三分贝，安全暴露时间就会减少一半，结合后文提及91分贝时，能听两个小时，因此94分贝时，应减少一半时间，即一个小时；97分贝时，再减少一半时间，即能听半个小时。故选B项。
35．主旨大意题。文章首段提出了本文的论述中心“To reduce your risk of hearing loss via loud music, learn why and how it can cause hearing loss, and just how loud is too loud.( 要想通过大声听音乐来降低听力损失的风险，你需要了解音乐为什么会导致听力损失，以及它是如何造成听力损失的。)”可知，本文主要围绕“吵闹音乐与听力损失”之间进行了阐述，选项A. Loud Music Damages Hearing(吵闹的音乐损害听力) 符合本文主题，可为最佳标题。故选A项。
19.（2020届四川省高三第一次统一监测）
The Guide to Film Festivals
Cannes Film Festival
Cannes, France in May
Top prize: Palme d’Or
History: The first Cannes Film Festival took place in September 1939, but it didn’t happen again until after World War II. The Palme d’Or prize was introduced in 1955. The festival became established during the 1960s and is now known as the world’s most important film festival.
Did you know? About 20 feature films compete each year for the Palme d’Or. Previous winners include Michael Moore and Quentin Tarantino. Unlike the Oscars, the top prize is frequently shared between two films. Famous films that have won the Palme d’Or include Apocalypse Now, Taxi Driver, La Dolce Vita and The Third Man. The festival attracts more than 40,000 people every year.
Venice Film Festival
Venice, Italy in August/ September
Top prize: Golden Lion
History: The Venice Film Festival is the oldest film festival still in existence. The film festival was in 1932 and it attracted over 25, 000 people. The festival did not appear again until 1934, when there was a competition between 19 countries. The festival was held three times during World War II and has been held almost every year since then.
Did you know? Films at the 61st Venice Film Festival in 2004 were nominated for 16 awards at the Oscars — the highest ever for the festival. These films included Vera Drake, Shark Tale, Collateral and Finding Never land .
The London Film Festival
London,UK in October/ November
Top prize: Non-competitive
History: The London Film Festival started in 1956 when a group of film critics led by the famous Dilys Powell, the film critic for The Sunday Times, got together over dinner. They discussed the festivals at Cannes and Venice, and they agreed that London needed one, too. They wanted to give people the opportunity to see films from around the world that were not being shown in the cinemas. The first festival showed 20 films at the National Film Theatre on the South Bank.
Did you know? The festival is one of Europe’s largest public film events, screening about 280 films from 60 countries. Although it is non-competitive, the British Film Institute awards the Sutherland Trophy to the most original and imaginative first feature film screened at the festival.
1．We can know from the text that ________.
A．the Third Man has won the Golden Lion
B．the Palme d’Or can be awarded to two films
C．the Cannes Film Festival started after World War II
D．the Palme d’Or prize was introduced during World War II
2．The Venice Film Festival __________.
A．didn’t attract many people at first
B．has been held every year since 1934
C．is regarded as the most important film festival
D．has been running longer than any other film festival
3．What was the purpose of the London Film Festival at the beginning?
A．To make some films public. B．To bring film critics together.
C．To compete with other film festivals. D．To choose the best original feature films.

【答案】
1．B
2．D
3．A
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要对世界上几个电影节做了简单的介绍。
1．细节理解题。根据Top prize: Palme d’Or部分中的第二段Unlike the Oscars, the top prize is frequently shared between two films.可知，与奥斯卡不同，最高奖项通常由两部电影分享。由此可知，金棕榈奖可颁给两部电影。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据The Venice Film Festival部分中的The film festival was in 1932 and it attracted over 25, 000 people.(1932年的电影节吸引了超过25000人参加)和Palme d’Or部分中的The first Cannes Film Festival took place in September 1939, but it didn’t happen again until after World War II. (第一届戛纳电影节于1939年9月举行，但直到二战后才再次举办)及The London Film Festival部分中的The London Film Festival started in 1956 when a group of film critics led by the famous Dilys Powell, the film critic for The Sunday Times, got together over dinner.(伦敦电影节始于1956年，当时一群以《星期日泰晤士报》著名影评人迪莉丝·鲍威尔为首的影评人聚在一起共进晚餐)可知，威尼斯电影节比其他任何电影节的历史都要长。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据The London Film Festival部分中的They wanted to give people the opportunity to see films from around the world that were not being shown in the cinemas.可知，他们想让人们有机会看世界各地的没有在电影院放映的电影。由此可知，伦敦电影节一开始的目的是把一些电影公之于众。故选A。
20.（2020届四川省高三第一次统一监测）
Is there anyone you admire? No matter what stage of life you’re at, it’s good to have someone who inspires you to be the best version of yourself. Now, thanks to some special national awards, we will have a wider range of possible role models.
To celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), President Xi Jinping signed a presidential rule on Sept. 17 to award 42 individuals the Medal of the Republic, the Friendship Medal and various honorary titles, China Daily reported. The people who received medals come from a range of backgrounds9 including scientists, lawmakers, educators, artists, model workers and six foreign nationals. They have all made outstanding contributions to the nation's construction and development.
The 89-year-old Shen Jilan is one of the eight people who were awarded the Medal of the Republic. As a lifelong farmer, she is the only deputy (代表) in China to serve at all 13 National People’s Congresses since 1954. She witnessed the development of the People’s Congress system. She has been engaged in making and improving national laws most of her life. It was she who proposed the clause on “equal pay for equal work” between men and women, which was written into the first Constitution of PRC in 1954.
China’s development can’t continue without lawmakers, nor can it move forward without scientists.
Ye Peijian, who received, the honorary title “the people’s scientist”, has been devoted to China’s lunar program for two decades. Known as “the Father of Chang’e Probes”, his team of aerospace engineers put lunar landers on the moon. On Jan, 3 of this year, the Chang’e 4 probe touched down on the moon’s far side, marking the program’s latest achievement.
“The space program is about 40 years late with the US, but we have used Chinese technology in our programme.” he told GB Times when asked about the lunar exploration program.
Also receiving awards are six foreign friends who have lent their hands to assist with China’s prosperity (繁荣). Raul Castro Ruz, former Cuban president, was given a Friendship Medal. This honor recognizes “the revolutionary work of his life and his contribution to strengthening relations between Cuba and China”, said Miguel Diaz-Canel Bermudez, president of the Council of State and Council of Ministers of Cuba, on social media.
Thanks to the heroic efforts made by these great figures, we can live in a prosperous and peaceful country. Hopefully, these role models can light the way for a new generation and inspire future people to contribute to nation building.
8．What’s the writer’s purpose to write the article?
A．To say thanks to national models.
B．To tell readers what makes a role model.
C．To describe the awards recently given by the government.
D．To introduce some of the people who won national awards.
9．What can we learn about Shen Jilan from the passage?
A．She has taken an active part in making national laws.
B．She is the only woman awarded the Medal of the Republic.
C．She first became a deputy to the National People's Congress.
D．She helped to improve working equipment for women in 1954.
10．What was Ye Peijian awarded an honorary title for?
A．For his design of the Chang’e 4 probe.
B．For putting lunar landers on the moon.
C．For his years of work in China’s lunar program.
D．For leading his team to excel past the US space program.
11．What can we know about Raul Castro Ruz from the text?
A．He has introduced Chinese culture to Cuba.
B．He has made revolutionary changes in Cuba.
C．He has helped improve China-Cuba relations.
D．He was the only foreigner awarded the Friendship Medal.

【答案】
8．D
9．A
10．C
11．C
【解析】本文为说明文。为庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年，国家主席习近平签署了一项总统令，授予42名个人共和国勋章、友谊勋章和各种荣誉称号。文章还介绍了几位获得国家级奖项的人。
8．推理判断题。文章第一段和第二段叙述了那些获得特殊贡献奖的获得者，是我们学习的榜样。为庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年，国家主席习近平于9月17日签署了一项总统令，授予42名个人共和国勋章、友谊勋章和各种荣誉等称号。接着从第三段到最后简要介绍了一些获得国家级奖项的人。由此可知，本文的目的就是介绍一些获得国家级奖项的人。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的She has been engaged in making and improving national laws most of her life. It was she who proposed the clause on “equal pay for equal work” between men and women, which was written into the first Constitution of PRC in 1954.可知，她一生中大部分时间都致力于制定和完善国家法律。正是她提出了“男女同工同酬”这一条款，并于1954年写入中华人民共和国第一部宪法。由此可知，沈继兰参与了制定国家法律。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段中的Ye Peijian, who received, the honorary title “the people’s scientist”, has been devoted to China’s lunar program for two decades. Known as “the Father of Chang’e Probes”, his team of aerospace engineers put lunar landers on the moon.可知，获得“人民科学家”荣誉称号的叶培建，20年来一直致力于中国的月球计划。被称为“嫦娥探测器之父”的他的航天工程师团队将着陆器送上了月球。由此可知，他被授予荣誉称号是因为他多年来为中国探月计划所做的工作。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的This honor recognizes “the revolutionary work of his life and his contribution to strengthening relations between Cuba and China”, said Miguel Diaz-Canel Bermudez, president of the Council of State and Council of Ministers of Cuba, on social media.可知，古巴国务委员会和部长会议主席米格尔·迪亚斯-卡内尔·贝穆德斯在社交媒体上表示，这一荣誉表彰了“他毕生的革命工作，以及他对加强古巴和中国关系的贡献”。由此可知，Raul Castro Ruz帮助改善了中古关系。故选C。
21.（2020届四川省高三第一次统一监测）
In recent years, people have been focusing on the quality of food that children are fed in schools. Former First Lady Michelle Obama worked hard to make school lunches healthier, resulting in new menus that featured less fat and salt, more fruits, vegetables, and leaner proteins.
But high-quality nutrients count for little when there is no time to eat them and lack of lunch time is a serious problem in schools across the United States. Amy Ettinger reports, “There is no national standard on how much time kids get to eat that meal.” And with schools being occupied with test scores, teachers are using every available minute for lesson time, which often leaves kids without enough eating time.
This is a problem because the length of the school lunch period is a key factor in how much nutrition children actually get. A research has found that having less than 20 minutes for lunch results in children consuming much less of their lunches than those with more than 20 minutes.
This is really terrible. For many low-income kids, that cafeteria lunch can represent half their daily energy intake. There’s also another terrible message that it’s acceptable to wolf down food as fast as possible before rushing off to your next class. Cafeteria time should be a chance to interact with friends, to learn important social skills, to observe and share varieties of food. It should be a respite in the day, a chance to relax mentally and physically before heading into the afternoon.
As Ettinger explains, some parents are hoping the National Parent Teacher Association will address this issue at its next meeting and take an official stance. This, in turn, would help parents push their kids’ schools for better lunch time standards. Meanwhile, if you have a kid in this situation, you can help by packing a healthy lunch to spare them the cafeteria lineup. Make the foods easy to unwrap and eat, provide non-messy snacks that can be eaten in class, put significant effort into serving a hearty breakfast, and sit down as a family for dinner whenever possible.
12．What is happening to children in American schools?
A．They lack lunch eating time.
B．They get badly along with each other.
C．They consume more meat than before.
D．They are occupied with many outdoor activities.
13．How are low-income kids influenced by the problem at school?
A．They can’t take in enough nutrients.
B．They can’t share different kinds of food.
C．They can’t learn some important social skills.
D．They can’t hold a positive attitude towards life.
14．What does the underlined word “respite” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Test. B．Challenge.
C．Belief. D．Break.
15．How can parents help solve the problem in the text?
A．By guiding their kids how to eat lunches.
B．By preparing a better lunch for their kids.
C．By stopping their kids going to the cafeteria.
D．By forcing the schools to make adjustments.

【答案】
12．A
13．A
14．D
15．B
【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要说明了美国的孩子们由于忙于学习没有足够时间吃午饭，尤其是低收入的孩子无法吸取足够的营养。文章号召家长给孩子们准备好有营养、容易打开食用的健康午餐。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的But high-quality nutrients count for little when there is no time to eat them and lack of lunch time is a serious problem in schools across the United States.可知，但是，当没有时间吃高质量的营养物质时，它们就没有什么意义了，而且在美国各地的学校里，午餐时间不足是一个严重的问题。由此可知，美国学校里的孩子们缺少吃午饭的时间。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段中的A research has found that having less than 20 minutes for lunch results in children consuming much less of their lunches than those with more than 20 minutes.可知，一项研究发现，午餐时间不足20分钟的孩子比午餐时间超过20分钟的孩子吃的午餐要少得多。再根据第四段中的For many low-income kids, that cafeteria lunch can represent half their daily energy intake.可知，对于许多低收入的孩子来说，自助午餐相当于他们每日能量摄入的一半。由此可推知，受学校这个问题的影响，低收入家庭的孩子不能吸收足够的营养的。故选A。
14．词义猜测题。划线词所在句中的a chance to relax mentally and physically before heading into the afternoon (这是在下午上课前在身心上得到放松的机会)是a respite in the day的同位语。由此推知，a respite in the day意为“一天中的休息时间”，故respite的意为“休息”。A. Test.测试；B. Challenge.挑战；C. Belief.信念；D. Break.休息。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Meanwhile, if you have a kid in this situation, you can help by packing a healthy lunch to spare them the cafeteria lineup.可知，与此同时，如果你的孩子有这种情况，你可以帮他们打包一份健康的午餐，这样他们就不用去自助餐厅了。由此可知，父母可以通过为孩子准备更好的午餐来帮助解决这个问题。故选B。
22.（2020届四川省绵阳南山中学高考三诊）
New York is an overwhelming city to visit with children. Went follows is carefully collected advice from New Yorkers on how to cover the city right.
Tenement Museum
The Tenement Museum on the Lower East Side offers a fantastic glimpse into urban family life. Guided tours reveal the daily routines of generations of Irish, Jewish and Italian immigrants who made their mark then quickly moved up and out. Pick up a copy of “All-of-a-Kind Family” or a vintage toy in the museum shop, one of the city’s best.
MoMa Museum
MoMa Museum does an excellent job making modern and contemporary art accessible to children as young as 4. On weekend mornings, guided tours are divided into age-appropriate groups in which children can observe a number of works and draw; later they gain free admittance to the entire museum. The cafeteria is both grown-up and child-friendly, and there’s an art laboratory with hands-on activities and even an audio guide for young people.
Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum
The most significant in the museum is the Space Shuttle Pavilion, which is scheduled to reopen in July, showcasing the Enterprise, NASA’s first space shuttle, which arrived last year. The U.S.S Intrepid, a World War II-era aircraft carrier, is worthwhile in itself. While the complex suffered damage during Hurricane Sandy, most of its facilities are once again shipshape. Families may want to consider Operation Slumber, which allows for overnight visits with special activities for children 6 and older.
Children’s Museum of the Arts
All the artwork here is made by children, and visitors can make their own (bonus: you don’t have to clean up). An area for younger children includes sand, Play-Doh and guided music activities. Children go berserk for the Ball Pond, a closed-in area of oversize balls. Is it experiential art? An installation? Children need not bother with such imponderables.
1．Which of the following museums offer free admission?
A．Tenement Museum. B．MoMa Museum.
C．Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum. D．Children’s Museum of Arts.
2．How is Children’s Museum of the Arts different from the other three museums?
A．It provides activities for children of different ages. B．It exhibits a lot of artwork.
C．Its artwork is all created by children. D．It used to be damaged in the Hurrican Sandy.
3．What do the four museums have in common?
A．They are all children-friendly.
B．They all show visitors contemporary artwork.
C．They can offer visitors activities to take part in.
D．They are all suitable for children over 4 years old.

【答案】
1．B
2．C
3．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。纽约是一个让孩子们流连忘返的城市。文章介绍了四个适合孩子的纽约博物馆。
1．细节理解题。根据MoMa Museum部分中的On weekend mornings, guided tours are divided into age-appropriate groups in which children can observe a number of works and draw; later they gain free admittance to the entire museum. (在周末上午，导游团会按年龄分组，让儿童观赏及绘画作品；然后他们获得整个博物馆的免费入场券)可知，MoMa Museum提供免费入场服务。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Children’s Museum of the Arts部分中的All the artwork here is made by children, and visitors can make their own (bonus: you don’t have to clean up).可知，这里所有的艺术品都是孩子们做的，游客们可以自己动手（额外的好处是：你不必收拾）。结合其他三个博物馆的介绍可知，这是儿童艺术博物馆的特殊之处。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段中的New York is an overwhelming city to visit with children. (纽约是一个让孩子们流连忘返的城市)及四家博物馆的介绍可知，这四个博物馆都是非常适合孩子参观的。故选A。
23.（2020届四川省绵阳南山中学高考三诊）
I passed my driving test at the fourth attempt. You might think that means I’m not as safe as someone who passed for the first time. But would you feel safer with no driver at all? Maybe not, and it’s for this reason that automotive firms have included driver-assist functions in their prototype (原型) driverless cars. This allows the human driver to take over if there is a problem.
Google is one manufacturer that has prototype driverless cars. These have been equipped with steering wheels and conventional controls to allow normal driving. But this is just a stage — the vision is to have fully automated cars very soon. The director of Google’s self-drive project, Chris Urmson, hopes his 11-year-old son will never have to take a driving test. To achieve that, the cars need to be on the roads in five years. He says driverless cars will greatly reduce accidents and traffic jams.
According to Chris, “about 1.2 million people are killed on the roads around the world each year. That number is equivalent to a jet falling out of the sky every day.” He thinks gradual changes to existing car designs are not enough to deal with the problem. “If we are really going to make changes to our cities and get rid of parking lots, we need self-drive cars,” he says.
Google’s prototypes have covered over a million kilometers on the road. They have also had to deal with unexpected situations, such as a child driving a toy car in the road, and a woman in an electric wheelchair chasing a duck. In each case, they reacted safely.
Some are not convinced. Seven Beiker of Stanford University thinks driverless cars will still need human input in extreme circumstances. He also worries that people may forget how to operate their vehicles if they do not do it regularly. “I guess I shouldn’t throw away my driver’s license just yet,” he says.
4．What can be known about driverless cars?
A．They are fitted with newly-developed steering wheels.
B．They include functions managed by human drivers.
C．They need traditional controls to avoid traffic jams.
D．They will be purchased on the market in five years.
5．What can we learn from what Chris said?
A．Chris believes that there is a possibility of a jet crashing per day.
B．About 1.2 million people are killed around the world each year.
C．Changing current car designs alone cannot prevent all traffic deaths.
D．Driverless cars cannot deal with extreme circumstances without human help.
6．What’s the attitude of Seven Beiker towards driverless cars?
A．Approving. B．Cautious.
C．Neutral. D．Hopeful.
7．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Why we need driverless cars in the near future.
B．How to control a driverless car without a driver’s license.
C．Differences between driverless cars and conventional ones.
D．A brief introduction of driverless cars and some opinions on them.

【答案】
4．B
5．C
6．B
7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了无人驾驶汽车，并提出一些看法。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的Maybe not, and it’s for this reason that automotive firms have included driver-assist functions in their prototype (原型) driverless cars. (也许不是，正是因为这个原因，汽车公司在他们的无人驾驶汽车原型中加入了驾驶员辅助功能)可知，无人驾驶汽车包括由人工驱动程序管理的功能。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中的He thinks gradual changes to existing car designs are not enough to deal with the problem. (他认为逐步改变现有的汽车设计不足以解决这个问题)可知，Chris认为仅仅改变现有的汽车设计并不能防止所有的交通死亡。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Seven Beiker of Stanford University thinks driverless cars will still need human input in extreme circumstances. He also worries that people may forget how to operate their vehicles if they do not do it regularly. “I guess I shouldn’t throw away my driver’s license just yet,” he says. (斯坦福大学的Seven Beiker认为，在极端情况下，无人驾驶汽车仍然需要人力投入。他还担心，如果人们不经常开车，他们可能会忘记如何开车。“我想我现在还不应该扔掉我的驾照，”他说)可知，Seven Beiker对无人驾驶汽车的态度是谨慎的。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的But would you feel safer with no driver at all? Maybe not, and it’s for this reason that automotive firms have included driver-assist functions in their prototype (原型) driverless cars. (但是如果没有司机，你会觉得更安全吗？也许不是，正是因为这个原因，汽车公司在他们的无人驾驶汽车原型中加入了驾驶员辅助功能)根据第三段“If we are really going to make changes to our cities and get rid of parking lots, we need self-drive cars,” he says.(如果我们真的要改变我们的城市，取消停车场，我们需要自动驾驶汽车）根据最后一段Some are not convinced.（有些人不相信）可知，本文主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车，并提出一些看法。故选D。
24.（2020届四川省绵阳南山中学高考三诊）
If you have ever had a cat, or have watched one of the many funny cat videos online, you’ll know that cats have a mind of their own. A lot of the things they do are hard to understand---they like to climb up tall furniture, fit themselves in small spaces and attack small objects for no reason at all.
Now scientists have managed to figure out what exactly is going on in the brains of our little friends. According to Tony Buffington, a professor at Ohio State University in the US, cats’ strange behavior largely comes from their way of life back in the wild. “Cats today still have many of the same instincts(本能)that allowed them to live in the wild for millions of years.” he said in a TED Talk. “To them, our homes are their jungles.”
In the wild, cats are hunters. Their bodies and great balancing abilities allow them to climb to high spots to better look at the environment. Even though they don’t have to hunt any more in human houses, they still keep the old habit of viewing the living room from, for example, the top of the refrigerator.
Cats’ hunting instinct is also what makes them attack small things like keys and USB drives. In the wild, they hunt whatever they can get, and most of the animals they kill are small.
However, cats can also be prey. This explains why they like to stay in small spaces like drawers or washing machines---they are hiding, or they think they are hiding, from more dangerous animals. This is also why cats prefer a clean box: a smelly one could easily show enemies where they are.
Knowing how cats’ minds work is not only useful for better understanding them. It may also help cats’ owners to better meet cats’ needs. For example, owners could try to make climbing easier for cats by moving their furniture around. They could also use “food puzzles” to make eating feel more like hunting instead of just giving food to the cats.
8．According to Tony Buffington, ________.
A．cats’ strange behavior is hard for people to understand
B．cats are more used to living in the wild than in humans’ homes
C．cats behave strangely mainly because of some instincts in the wild
D．cats’ instincts are as helpful to them today as they were millions of year ago
9．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
A．Cats like to climb up high because they want to hide from dangerous animals.
B．Cats attack keys and USB drives because they have a habit of hunting small animals.
C．Cats enjoy staying in small spaces because they usually live in small caves in the wild.
D．Cats’ preference for a clean box probably has something to do with their hunting instincts.
10．The underlined word “prey” in Paragraph 5 probably means _________.
A．an animal that is too lazy
B．an animal that likes hiding games
C．an animal that keeps itself clean
D．an animal that is hunted
11．This article is mainly written to _________.
A．explore the reasons behind cats’ strange behavior
B．describe cats’ past wild experience to readers
C．tell cat owners how to make life easier for cats
D．compare cats’ behavior in human homes with that in the wild

【答案】
8．C
9．B
10．D
11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，如果你曾经有过一只猫，或者看过网上的猫咪搞笑视频，你会知道猫有自己的性格，他们的很多事情都难以理解——他们毫无理由地喜欢爬上高大的家具，在小空间和攻击小物体。本文以此展开谈论，主要探索了猫奇怪行为的原因。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中According to Tony Buffington, a professor at Ohio State University in the US, cats’ strange behavior largely comes from their way of life back in the wild.可知猫的行为很奇怪，主要是由于在野外的天性。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段中Cats’ hunting instinct is also what makes them attack small things like keys and USB drives. In the wild, they hunt whatever they can get, and most of the animals they kill are small. 猫攻击键和USB驱动器，因为他们捕猎小动物的习惯。故选B。
10．词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句This explains why they like to stay in small spaces like drawers or washing machines---they are hiding, or they think they are hiding, from more dangerous animals.可知猫也可能被抓住，成为一个被捕杀的动物，所以它要躲起来，远离更危险的动物。故prey意为"被捕食的动物"。 故D项符合题意。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一、二段中的A lot of the things they do are hard to understand---they like to climb up tall furniture, fit themselves in small spaces and attack small objects for no reason at all.猫做的许多事情都很难理解。Now scientists have managed to figure out what exactly is going on in the brains of our little friends.现在科学家已经设法弄明白我们这些小朋友的大脑到底在干什么？由此可知这篇文章是在探究猫奇怪行为背后的原因。故选A。
25.（2020届四川省绵阳南山中学高考三诊）
Teenagers who check social media for several hours a day are at the risk ofdeveloping ADHD (多动症), a study has concluded.
The research team, from the University of Southern California, tracked 2,600teenagers aged 15 and 16. They asked them how many times they checked theirphones and other digital devices for various reasons, and then monitored them for symptoms of ADHD．After two years, those who had checked their phones the mostoften were twice as likely as those who checked the least often to show signs ofADHD．
Writing in the JAMA medical journal, the scientists said, “Modern mediadevices immediately inform users when new text messages, social media postings, or videogame play invitations arrive. Exposure to such information may drawattention away from important tasks. Frequent distraction could interrupt thedevelopment of constant attention and organization skills.”
They believe constant access to instant entertainment also has an impact. Researcher Professor Adam Leventhal said all previous research had focused on the link between ADHD and televisions. “What’s new is that previous studies on thistopic were done many years ago, when social media, mobile phones, tablets andmobile apps didn’t exist. We can say with confidence that teens who are exposedto higher levels of digital media are significantly more likely to develop ADHDsymptoms in the future,” he said.
Leventhal believes the findings help fill a gap in understanding how newmobile media devices and seemingly limitless content pose a mental health risk forchildren. And the findings serve as a warning.
British scientists welcomed the findings. But Professor Andy Przybylski of theOxford Internet Institute said, “The study relies on survey responses provided bythe students in question. It is not clear if teachers or parents would rate the childrensimilarly or if the self-reported measure of digital screen use is related with eitheractual behavior or higher quality survey items.”
12．How did the researchers conduct the study?
A．By monitoring 2,600 teenagers with ADHD．
B．By tracking the participants for two years.
C．By analyzing data from previous researches online.
D．By controlling different teens’ time spent on social media.
13．What does Leventhal think of the exposure to higher levels of digital media?
A．It will cause diverse ADHD symptoms.
B．It will create higher ADHD risks.
C．It will weaken teenagers’ confidence.
D．It will have a major influence on organization skills.
14．What does Professor Andy Przybylski think of the study?
A．It provides a better understanding of the media.
B．It should have focused on parents’ responses.
C．Its findings are not reliable enough.
D．It’s a breakthrough in this field.
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The use of digital media is on the rise
B．Teens are increasingly exposed to ADHD
C．Heavy use of social media may increase ADHD risks
D．Teens’ exposure to modern media calls more attention

【答案】
12．B
13．B
14．C
15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要叙述了一项研究表明，每天花几个小时查看社交媒体的青少年有患多动症的风险这一发现展开。研究人员通过对参与者进行了为期两年的追踪得出了这一发现。科学家指出频繁的分心会阻碍持续的注意力和组织能力的发展。而两位教授Adam Leventhal和Andy Przybylski就此发现表达了自己的看法。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句After two years, those who had checked their phones the most often were twice as likely as those who checked the least often to show signs of ADHD. 两年后，那些经常查看手机的人出现多动症症状的几率是那些不经常查看手机的人的两倍。由此可知，研究人员对参与者进行了为期两年的跟踪来进行这项研究的，故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句We can say with confidence that teens who are exposed to higher levels of digital media are significantly more likely to develop ADHD symptoms in the future可知Leventhal认为频繁接触数字媒体的青少年在未来更有可能出现ADHD症状。由此判断出频繁接触数字媒体会增加ADHD的风险。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一句It is not clear if teachers or parents would rate the children similarly or if the self-reported measure of digital screen use is related with either actual behavior or higher quality survey items.可知Andy Przybylski认为目前尚不清楚老师或家长是否会对孩子做出类似的评价等，由此判断出他认为这项研究的发现不够可靠。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段Teenagers who check social media for several hours a day are at the risk of developing ADHD (多动症), a study has concluded. 一项研究表明，每天花几个小时查看社交媒体的青少年有患多动症的风险。以及文章主要内容围绕一项研究表明，每天花几个小时查看社交媒体的青少年有患多动症的风险这一发现展开。所以短文最佳标题为“过度使用社交媒体可能会增加患多动症的风险”。故选C。
26.（2020届四川省绵阳市高三第三次诊断性考试）
The slogan for the Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Development Fund is"In Love With China"-and this special message has bcen shown in its own logo.The logo uses the characters for"wind"and"phoenix"(风凰）in ancient oracle bone script(甲骨文）on a circular Chinese fan.

Madam Kang Jiaqi,the executive director of CHSDF, IN LOVE WITH CHINA explains the many layers of meaning behind the logo:“The logo adopts the writing style of oracle bone script-dating back over 3,000 years-carved onto either turtle shell or ox bones.
＂The Chinese character for*wind' and the character for"phoenix' are almost the same,with just one stroke difference.In China's ancient past,the character for＂phoenix' was widely considered to bring peace and happiness and represents good fortune.The character"wind' has a long history and is also known as a name representing culture and spiritual power."
＂Both the characters"wind' and 'phoenix 'share the same component in their characters,which is also used in the slogan 'In Love With China'.This extraordinary combination represents how experts lead fashion,which in tum leads culture-and that culture is the basis of creativity.Therefore,it represents the importance of traditional Chinese culture in global creativity.
＂Taking the Chinese oracle bone character of"wind 'and' phoenix' as our logo represents the beginning of Chinese civilization,which suggests that it can pass on Chinese culture through the cooperation between the CHSDF and the cooperative platform of global designers,"explains Jiaqi.
Logo artist Sam Chung similarly explains her design process,"The decision of the oracle bone script of' wind' comes from the root of the character itself.Originated from the character shape of 'phoenix,''wind's 'oracle bone script still presents wonder, despite its more circular shape.The three tassels(流苏）at the end of the moon-shaped fan further give a feeling of lightness while hinting at both Eastern and Western flavors."
8．What do we know about the logo?
A．It's carved on turtle shells.
B．It's drawn on circular Chinese fans.
C．It's designed in a new writing style.
D．It's a combination of two similar characters.
9．Why are' wind' and 'phoenix' chosen?
A．They are easily written.
B．They symbolize good fortune.
C．They represent Chinese cultural and spiritual power.
D．They promote global creativity based on Chinese culture.
10．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Sam Chung is the actual designer of the logo.
B．The idea for the logo comes from abroad.
C．The director has little say in the decision.
D．Tassels are symbol of western culture.
11．What's the passage mainly about?
A．Chinese influence on the world.
B．The making of the logo for CHSDF.
C．Chinese culture and civilization.
D．Chinese characters 'wind' and' phoenix'.

【答案】
8．D
9．D
10．A
11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章展示了文化遗产和可持续发展基金的标语和标志，并介绍了其背后的设计理念。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The Chinese character for‘wind’and the character for‘phoenix’are almost the same,with just one stroke difference.”可知，标志上绘有“风”和“凤”两个汉字的甲骨文，而两个汉字本身也非常相似，这里的设计正是将它们做了一个结合。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“This extraordinary combination represents how experts lead fashion,which in tum leads culture-and that culture is the basis of creativity.Therefore,it represents the importance of traditional Chinese culture in global creativity.”可知，两个汉字的结合代表了中国传统文化在全球创意中的重要作用，这正是设计者选用它们的原因。故选D项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Logo artist Sam Chung similarly explains her design process”及整段内容来看，这里是设计师Sam Chung在解释她的设计过程，显然她才是真正的设计者。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。全文都在围绕着文化遗产和可持续发展基金的标志展开，讲述其设计理念和表现意图，B选项“CHSDF标志的制作”是最贴合主题的。故选B项。
27.（2020届四川省遂宁市高三第二次诊断性考试）
In the last few years, companies like oBike have begun flooding streets in places like Japan and Australia with bikes. Businessman Mike Than Tun Win realized these bikes could do much good for schoolchildren in Myanmar, of whom some walk an hour or more every day to school. Then he created LessWalk which buys up the bikes from other countries.
LessWalk modifies（改装）bikes to make them more useful for students. The rental bikes used to require a smartphone app to unlock them. LessWalk changed this for a lock with a key. They also added a second seat in the back of the bikes, allowing two children to ride to school on one bike. Recently they’re replacing the bike’s regular tires with a solid tire that can’t go flat. With all the changes, each bike packed attractively costs LessWalk about $35. “Despite the cost, the benefits it can develop are well worth trying,” Than told TechCrunch.
The project bought thousands of rental bikes from failed companies and shipped them to Myanmar. The process wasn’t as easy as it sounds—there was lots of paperwork concerned in moving the bikes from one country to another. But giving out the bikes takes a little longer given that LessWalk wants to make sure that the bikes go, for free, to the students who need them the most and Myanmar has a population of over 50 million people and more than nine million students. The project is working with Myanmar’s government and school systems to focus on poor students walking long distances a day to school.
Than hopes to bring in as many as 100,000 bikes and expand the program to other countries like Laos and Cambodia. Than is also hopeful that he can inspire “global friends” to follow him to put the abandoned bikes to work, instead of creating yet more urban waste.
4．How many modifications does LessWalk do to the bikes?
A．2. B．3.
C．4. D．5.
5．Why does it take longer to donate the recycled bikes?
A．Shipping the bikes is so difficult. B．There’re too many poor students.
C．The bikes need packing carefully. D．Targeted bike donation is needed.
6．Which can best describe Than Tun Win as the leader of the project?
A．Ambitious. B．Encouraged.
C．Well-experienced. D．Nature-loving.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Removal of Urban Rubbish B．Recycle of Donated Bikes
C．Benefits beyond the Cost D．Students’ New Vehicles

【答案】
4．B
5．D
6．A
7．C
【解析】本文属于说明文。缅甸商人迈克·丹丹·溫(Mike Than Tun Win)创建了一个公益组织LessWalk，从其他国家购买废弃了的共享单车，通过组装，为每天步行很远去学校的学生提供免费自行车。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段的LessWalk changed this for a lock with a key. They also added a second seat in the back of the bikes, allowing two children to ride to school on one bike. Recently they’re replacing the bike’s regular tires with a solid tire that can’t go flat.可知LessWalk将以前的二维码换成钥匙锁；在自行车后面增加了一个座位；把自行车的普通轮胎换成了一个实心轮胎。由此可知，LessWalk对自行车做了三个方面的改装。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段的“But giving out the bikes takes a little longer given that LessWalk wants to make sure that the bikes go for free to the students who need them the most...”可知，分发自行车需要更长的时间，是因为LessWalk想要确保自行车送到最需要它们的学生手中，也就是精准捐赠(targeted bike donation)。本题容易误选A和B。文章只谈到了从国外运回这些自行车很困难，不是发放是运输困难；文章谈到了缅甸有5000多万人口和900多万学生，但没有说有太多的贫困学生。故选D。
6．推理判断题。文章最后一段谈到：Than希望买进多达10万辆自行车，并把这个项目扩展到老挝和柬埔寨等其他国家。他也希望他能激励“全球朋友”跟随他，把废弃的自行车投入使用，而不是制造更多的城市垃圾。从这些信息可推知，他是一个很有抱负的商人。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，全文谈到了Than看到大量的废弃共享单车，就创建LessWalk项目，买进大量的单车进行改装，免费发放给每天步行很远去学校的学生。尽管花了钱，但他觉得值得。文中“Despite the cost, the benefits it can develop are well worth trying”揭示了本文主题。因此C为最佳标题。故选C。
28.（2020届四川省遂宁市高三第二次诊断性考试）
There’s a well-known story in the world of literary translators about the translator who was thrilled to see his work appear at great length in an article in a popular magazine. He had translated many novels by a little-known Scandinavian novelist, who he believed had been ignored and not received the attention or praise the novelist deserved. He had devoted much time to trying to get this novelist some recognition. The article agreed with his assessment of the novelist’s works mentioning long passages from his translations.
But something was missing. The translator searched in vain for a mention of his name. It didn’t appear anywhere. The translator’s joy at the coverage（报道）of the author he liked was considerably ruined by this. He felt that he himself should have had some recognition in the article. It was as if the translator did not exist, and all the efforts he had made had never happened.
Most people would agree that it was wrong of the magazine not to mention the translator. However, it is also true that most readers themselves operate in exactly the same way, and for them it is also as if the translator didn’t exist. When people read a translation of a novel, they want to feel they are reading what the novelist, and not someone else, wrote. They don’t want to be reminded that they are not reading, and would not be able to read, the original novel created by the novelist, not wishing to know who the translator was or pay any attention to what they have done.
In this global age, more and more works of fiction are being translated into more and more languages. Readers are now able to experience and understand other cultures more than ever through the reading of translated novels. So the works of more and more novelists can reach people in other parts of the world. This applies not only to new novels but also to fresh translations of old classics.
8．What can we know about the translator in Paragraph 1?
A．His opinion was shared by the magazine.
B．The novelist’s works were his favourite.
C．He often sent articles to the magazine.
D．The novelist got famous with his help.
9．How did the translator feel when he looked closely at the article in the magazine?
A．Regretful. B．Proud.
C．Upset. D．Skeptical.
10．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The contributions of novel translators.
B．The general attitude towards translators.
C．The readers’ different tastes in literature.
D．The importance of reading original works.
11．What does the author stress when talking about the global age?
A．The shortage of able novel translators.
B．The number of readers of original works.
C．The value of novels in different countries.
D．The variety of fiction available to readers.

【答案】
8．A
9．C
10．B
11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了小说翻译人员的地位和作用。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段的There’s a well-known story in the world of literary translators about the translator who was thrilled to see his work appear at great length in an article in a popular magazine.和The article agreed with his assessment of the novelist’s works mentioning long passages from his translations.可知，这位翻译家很激动地看到自己的作品出现在一本著名杂志的一篇文章中。这篇文章通过引用译文中的长篇大论来同意他对这位小说家作品的评价，由此说明他的观点被杂志分享。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段的 The translator searched in vain for a mention of his name.可知，这位翻译家在这篇文章中寻找他的名字时，却没找到。再根据这段信息“The translator’s joy at the coverage（报道）of the author he liked was considerably ruined by this.”可知，这位翻译家对他所喜欢的作者的报道所感到的喜悦，在很大程度上被这一情况破坏了。由此推知他应该感到很郁闷。故选C。
10．主旨大意题。根据第三段的However, it is also true that most readers themselves operate in exactly the same way, and for them it is also as if the translator didn’t exist. When people read a translation of a novel, they want to feel they are reading what the novelist, and not someone else, wrote...可知，对于读者来说，就好像译者不存在一样。当他们阅读一本小说的译文时，他们想要感觉到他们读的是小说家写的东西，而不是别人写的。他们不希望被提醒他们不是在阅读原著小说，不希望知道译者是谁，也不关注译者所做的事情。由此可知本段主要在谈读者对译者的一般态度。故选B。。
11．推理判断题。题干上提到global age，因此本题答案应在最后一段来寻找。文章最后一段谈到：在这个全球化时代，越来越多的小说被翻译成越来越多的语言。读者现在比以往任何时候都能通过阅读翻译小说来体验和了解其他文化。世界其他地方的人们能够接触到越来越多的小说家的作品。由此推知作者在谈到全球化时，强调了可供读者阅读的小说种类的多样性。故选D。