高考英语模拟题汇编专题02 阅读理解之说明文（一）（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

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专题02阅读理解之说明文（二）
1.（2020届湖南省衡阳市高三毕业班联考）
It is often said that “a picture is worth a thousand words.” That is certainly true of the images of brief moments nature submitted by international ecologists and students for the British Ecological Society’s (BES) annual photography competition. Here are a few of 2019’s winning entries.
“Red Night” by Roberto Garcia Roa
“Red Night,” a photograph of a snake curling (蜷缩) around a tree was declared this year’s “Overall Winner.” Taken by Roberto Garcia Roa in Madagascar, the image captures both the beauty of the animal and its vulnerability (脆弱) to human threats like poaching(偷猎) and fires. It vividly reflects the conditions that these snakes are suffering.
“Flames in Flumes (水沟)” by Nilanjan Chatterjee
Nilanjan Chatterjee’s picture of a water redstart, waiting to catch a waterborne insect near a small waterfall, won the judge’s approval for the best overall student submission. Entitled “Flames in Flumes,” it was the photographer’s attempts to highlight the struggle the river birds, which capture their prey from fast-moving currents, are likely to face from to slowdown in water flow due to planned dams in rivers across India.
“The Rhino’s Annual Haircut” by Molly Penny
The ongoing demand for rhino horns (犀牛角) has reduced the population of the magnificent animals to just 30,000 specimens globally. Ecologists in South Africa have to saw off the animals’ horns, which regrow annually. Cruel as it seems, “The Rhinos Annual Haircut,” reduces the risk of the animals being brutally murdered.
“A Side of Fries” by Nigel Taylor
“A Side of Fries”— an image of a long-tailed monkey at Batu Caves, Malaysia, holding a box of McDonald’s fries — by Nigel Taylor is just one example of how careless human behavior is endangered animals in the wild.
1．What message do the four photos want to convey to viewers?
A．The nature is very attractive. B．Wild animals can be lovely.
C．Humans must conserve animals. D．Pictures speak louder than words.
2．The dams in rivers across India are likely to make the water redstart________.
A．go hungry B．get lost
C．get caught D．settle down
3．Why do ecologists in South Africa saw off rhino horns?
A．To sell rhino horns. B．To save rhinos.
C．To make horns regrow. D．To fetch high prices.
【答案】
1．C
2．A
3．B
【解析】本文是说明文。一图胜万言，本文通过四幅图号召大家保护动物。
1．细节理解题。根据“Red Night” by Roberto Garcia Roa中的It vividly reflects the conditions that these snakes are suffering.(它生动地反映了这些蛇所遭受的苦难)；“Flames in Flumes (水沟)” by Nilanjan Chatterjee中的Entitled “Flames in Flumes,” it was the photographer’s attempts to highlight the struggle the river birds, which capture their prey from fast-moving currents, are likely to face from to slowdown in water flow due to planned dams in rivers across India.(这张照片的标题是“火焰中的羽毛”，这是摄影师试图突出河鸟的挣扎，它们从湍急的水流中捕捉猎物，由于计划在印度境内的河流上修建水坝，它们很可能面临水流减缓的问题)；“The Rhino’s Annual Haircut” by Molly Penny 中的The Rhinos Annual Haircut,” reduces the risk of the animals being brutally murdered.(“犀牛的年度发型”降低了动物被残忍杀害的风险)； “A Side of Fries” by Nigel Taylor中的“A Side of Fries”— an image of a long-tailed monkey at Batu Caves, Malaysia, holding a box of McDonald’s fries — by Nigel Taylor is just one example of how careless human behavior is endangered animals in the wild.(“薯条的一面”——马来西亚巴图岩洞的一只长尾猴，拿着一盒麦当劳薯条——奈杰尔·泰勒的这张照片只是一个例子，说明了人类的粗心行为是如何危害野生动物的)可知，四幅图的共同传递给观众的是人类必须要保护动物。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据“Flames in Flumes (水沟)” by Nilanjan Chatterjee中的Entitled “Flames in Flumes,” it was the photographer’s attempts to highlight the struggle the river birds, which capture their prey from fast-moving currents, are likely to face from to slowdown in water flow due to planned dams in rivers across India.(这张照片的标题是“火焰中的羽毛”，这是摄影师试图突出河鸟的挣扎，它们从湍急的水流中捕捉猎物，由于计划在印度境内的河流上修建水坝，它们很可能面临水流减缓的问题)可知，印度河上的水坝可能会使红尾水鸲没有食物而饥饿。故选A。
3．细节理解题。 根据“The Rhino’s Annual Haircut” by Molly Penny中的Ecologists in South Africa have to saw off the animals’ horns, which regrow annually. Cruel as it seems, “The Rhinos Annual Haircut,” reduces the risk of the animals being brutally murdered. (南非的生态学家不得不锯掉这些动物每年都会重新长出的角。尽管看起来很残忍，“犀牛的年度发型”降低了动物被残忍杀害的风险)可知，为了减少犀牛们被人类残忍谋杀，南非的生态学家们不得不锯掉每年会重新生长的犀牛角。故选B。
2.（2020届湖南省衡阳市高三毕业班联考）
The fire of creativity doesn’t necessarily burn out after youth.“Many people believe that the creativity is exclusively (专有地) associated with youth, but it really depends on what kind of creativity you’re talking about,” says the lead study author, Bruce Weinberg of Ohio State University.
According to the study, there are two types of innovators (创新者): conceptual and experimental. Weinberg and fellow researcher David Galenson think that those who tend to do their best work in their mid-20s are conceptual innovators, while those who peak in their 50s are experimental innovators.
Weinberg and Galenson studied the works of 31 Nobel Prize winners of economics, placing the economists on a range of most conceptual to most experimental. The age at which an economist contributed the most well-regarded to the field was taken into account, and the age at which the work entered the economic field helped to classify the economist’s creative peak (顶峰).
Economists with a conceptual approach peaked in their 20s, while those who took the experimental approach peaked in their late 50s. Most of the winners made their great discoveries after at least 25 years of hard work.
The researchers correlated (与……相关联) their findings in economic achievements with those of scientific achievements. For example, they mention Albert Einstein as a conceptual innovator, who put forward the famous Special Theory of Relativity at the age of 26. They suggest scientist Charles Darwin developed his most groundbreaking theories later on in life, which would make him an experimental innovator. This makes sense given that the theory of evolution was developed over many years through a long process of trial and error.
None of this is to say that either type of innovative approach is exclusive to different age groups. It isn’t unheard of for an older person to be a conceptual innovator or for younger people to innovate more experimentally. The research simply shows trends. Anyhow, there's always a little room for a creative breakthrough — no matter your age
8．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Creativity Is The Best When One Is Young
B．Scientists Became Famous At Different Ages
C．Experimental Innovators Peak In Late 50’s
D．Creativity Isn’t Exclusive To The Young
9．From the third and fourth paragraph, we can reach a conclusion that_______.
A．most winners made creative discoveries in their late 20’s
B．award-winning economists tend to use conceptual approaches
C．the majority of 31 winners were experimental innovators
D．researchers interviewed Nobel Prize winners of economics
10．What do you know about experimental innovators?
A．They inspire their creative ideas by a sudden spark.
B．They slowly cultivate creative ideas over a long time.
C．They tend to challenge most basic scientific concepts.
D．They often make important contributions in literature.
11．What does the writer want to express in Paragraph 5?
A．The findings are also applied to scientific field.
B．Scientists make breakthroughs by trial and error.
C．Economic theories are based on scientific facts.
D．Scientific discoveries call for many years of work.
【答案】
8．D
9．C
10．B
11．A
【解析】本文是说明文。多数人认为创造力只与年轻有关。但是俄亥俄州立大学研究表明这依赖于你在谈论哪种创造力。创造力不专属于年轻人。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Many people believe that the creativity is exclusively (专有地) associated with youth, but it really depends on what kind of creativity you’re talking about,” says the lead study author, Bruce Weinberg of Ohio State University.(研究报告的主要撰写人、俄亥俄州立大学的布鲁斯·温伯格说：“许多人认为创造力只与年轻人有关，但实际上这取决于你所谈论的创造力的类型)及下文对这项研究的介绍可知，“创造力不专属于年轻人”适合做本文最佳标题。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的Weinberg and Galenson studied the works of 31 Nobel Prize winners of economics, placing the economists on a range of most conceptual to most experimental.(温伯格和盖伦森研究了31位诺贝尔经济学奖得主的著作，将这些经济学家的研究范围从最具概念化到最具实验性)以及第四段中的Economists with a conceptual approach peaked in their 20s, while those who took the experimental approach peaked in their late 50s. (采用概念性方法的经济学家在20多岁时达到顶峰，而采用实验性方法的经济学家在50多岁时达到顶峰)可知，31位诺贝尔经济学奖获得者中多数是“概念式”创新者。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段中的Economists with a conceptual approach peaked in their 20s, while those who took the experimental approach peaked in their late 50s. Most of the winners made their great discoveries after at east 25 years of hard work.(采用概念性方法的经济学家在20多岁时达到顶峰，而采用实验性方法的经济学家在50多岁时达到顶峰。大多数获奖者是在至少25年的辛勤工作后才有了重大发现)可推知，实验性创新者需要很长时间才能有创新性思想。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据第五段中的The researchers correlated (与……相关联) their findings in economic achievements with those of scientific achievements.(研究人员将他们在经济成就方面的发现与科学成就联系起来) 及列举的爱因斯坦和达尔文的例子说明，这些发现也适用于科学领域。故选A。
3.（2020届湖南省岳阳市高三教学质量检测） Booking a vacation has never been more convenient than with Vacations Made Easy, which has everything you need to book an unforgettable getaway. If you aren't sure where to go, check out our most popular destinations:
Myrtle Beach SC
If coastal views and oceanic adventures are up your alley, then Myrtle Beach, SC is the place for you! This city is known for its stunning beaches and adventures that offer up unique opportunities to create the most unforgettable memories. Set out on the sparkling waters to look for dolphins on the Myrtle Beach Dolphin Sightseeing Cruises. The Legends in Concert show is sure to be a blast as well!
Nashville TN
It is the capital of the state as well as the capital of country music. Affectionately nicknamed ‘Music City’, Nashville is where many of the most legendary performers got their start. There are many amazing activities to enjoy here. Country music lovers can witness a show at the legendary Grand Ole Opry.
Pigeon Forge & Gatlinburg TN
Home to the Great Smoky Mountains, filled with natural wonders and amazing shows, the Pigeon Forge & Gatlinburg TN is a must-see. Create new memories and enjoy the beauty of the Smokies when you visit these cities! There are also plenty of fun opportunities for outdoor adventure and more in this area!
San Antonio TX
Home to rich Texan and American history, San Antonio, TX is a great place to visit for a combination of history and modern attractions. Whether you want to get in some thrills at SeaWorld or see the shops, restaurants and entertainment of the Riverwalk, your trip to San Antonio will be a blast.
1．At Myrtle Beach SC, you can do all the following except _____________.
A．Searching for dolphins. B．Enjoying coastal views.
C．Joining oceanic adventures. D．Attending a concert.
2．What is special about Nashville TN?
A．It has double statuses with a nickname.
B．Many legendary performers were born here.
C．It will give you the most unforgettable memories.
D．There are many amazing sports activities here.
3．Where should you go to explore the history of USA?
A．Nashville TN B．San Antonio TX
C．Pigeon Gorge & Gatlinburg TN D．Myrtle Beach SC
【答案】
1．D
2．A
3．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四个最受欢迎的旅行目的地的情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中If coastal views and oceanic adventures are up your alley, then Myrtle Beach, SC is the place for you!( 如果你对海岸景观和海洋冒险感兴趣，那么默特尔海滩，SC是你的好去处!)可知B选项“欣赏海岸景色”属于Myrtle Beach SC的活动；根据第二段中This city is known for its stunning beaches and adventures that offer up unique opportunities to create the most unforgettable memories. Set out on the sparkling waters to look for dolphins on the Myrtle Beach Dolphin Sightseeing Cruises. (这个城市以其迷人的海滩和冒险闻名，提供了独特的机会来创造最难忘的记忆。出发在波光粼粼的水域寻找海豚在默特尔海滩海豚观光巡航。)可知A选项“寻找海豚”和C选项“加入海洋探险”属于Myrtle Beach SC的活动。只有D选项“参加音乐会”没有提到，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中It is the capital of the state as well as the capital of country music. Affectionately nicknamed ‘Music City’, Nashville is where many of the most legendary performers got their start.可知它是国家的首都，也是乡村音乐的首都。被亲切地称为“音乐之城”的纳什维尔是许多最具传奇色彩的表演者的发祥地。由此可知，Nashville TN的特别之处在于有两个重要身份和一个昵称。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Home to rich Texan and American history, San Antonio, TX is a great place to visit for a combination of history and modern attractions.可知拥有丰富的德州和美国历史，San Antonio TX是一个伟大的地方访问历史和现代景点的结合。由此可知，你应该去San Antonio TX探索美国的历史。故选B。
4.（2020届湖南省岳阳市高三教学质量检测） The combination of day and night extreme heat will only get more frequent -and hotter-in the future.
There’s nothing like the cool relief of nightfall after a sweltering summer day. As the world warms, this natural balance may be shifting. New research suggests that a new trend is on the rise-extreme heat during the day followed by extreme heat overnight.
A study published this week in Nature Communications finds that these day/night extremes have become both hotter and more frequent since 1960. Across the Northern Hemisphere, they ’ve intensified(增强) by about 2 ½ degrees Fahrenheit, and they’re occurring about five days more frequently per year.
Continued warming will make it even worse, the research suggests. In a scenario involving around 3 degrees Celsius throughout the rest of the century (or about 5.5 F), these compound extremes will happen about four times more frequently than they do today(about eight days each summer).
That’s approximately the amount of warming the world is on track for today, experts say, if greenhouse gas emissions don’t start falling at a faster pace.
In the future, “a hot day accompanied by a hot night without relief for humans might be a ‘new norm,’ ” said study co-author Yang Chen of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in an email to E&E News. “These rapid increases are largely overlooked in previous studies. ”
Day and night extremes are more than just a matter of comfort, the authors say. They ’re also a potential threat to human health and natural landscapes.
The study didn’t directly examine human health impacts. But other research has suggested that prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures can worsen the odds of heat stroke or other heat-related illnesses, and can affect plant growth. Without the reprieve of a cool evening, living things may have less opportunity to recover from the effects of the daytime heat, the authors suggest.
“Current knowledge about combined daytime-nighttime hot extremes remains too sparse to inform development of type-specific adaptation and relief strategies,” the study says. “Overlooking this compounding effect may lead to serious underestimate of heat-induced consequences.”
12．Which statement of day and night extremes is true according to the study?
A．They’ve intensified by about 2 ½ ℉ and occur 5 days more frequently per year globally.
B．Their rapid increases have been paid much attention to by many researchers in their studies.
C．They won’t occur only if greenhouse gas emissions start falling during the daytime
D．Possibly they will happen about 32 days per summer through the rest of the century.
13．What does the underlined word “reprieve” mean?
A．shift B．relief
C．threat D．adaptation
14．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Adequate researches have been done into day and night extremes.
B．Humans can adapt to and relieve day and night hot extremes easily.
C．Ignoring the issue on the hot extremes may contribute to severe consequences.
D．Underestimating the compounding effect of hot extremes will cause threats to man.
15．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The dangers of hot days and nights are on the rise.
B．Continued warming will make the earth even worse.
C．With the world warming, the natural balance may be shifting.
D．Greenhouse gas emissions are increasing at a faster pace.
【答案】
12．D
13．B
14．C
15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，一种新的趋势正在上升——白天极度炎热，夜晚极度炎热。研究表明，持续变暖会使情况变得更糟，白天和晚上的极端天气不仅仅是舒适的问题，它们也是对人类健康和自然景观的潜在威胁。其他研究表明，长期暴露在极端温度下会使中暑或其他与热有关的疾病的几率增加，并会影响植物的生长。
12．细节理解题。根据第四段中these compound extremes will happen about four times more frequently than they do today(about eight days each summer).可知这些复合极端天气发生的频率是现在的四倍（每年夏天大约8天）。由此可知，D选项“在本世纪余下的时间里，每年夏天大约有32天会发生这种情况”正确。故选D。
13．词义猜测题。根据后文living things may have less opportunity to recover from the effects of the daytime heat可知如果没有凉爽的夜晚作为缓解，生物从白天高温中恢复的机会就会减少。由此可知，划线单词意思为“缓解”。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Overlooking this compounding effect may lead to serious underestimate of heat-induced consequences.可知忽视这种复合效应可能导致严重低估热诱导的后果。由此可推知，忽视极端天气的问题可能会导致严重的后果。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段中New research suggests that a new trend is on the rise-extreme heat during the day followed by extreme heat overnight.可知一项新的研究表明，一种新的趋势正在上升——白天极度炎热，夜晚极度炎热。结合文章还说明了研究表明，持续变暖会使情况变得更糟，白天和晚上的极端天气不仅仅是舒适的问题，它们也是对人类健康和自然景观的潜在威胁。其他研究表明，长期暴露在极端温度下会使中暑或其他与热有关的疾病的几率增加，并会影响植物的生长。由此可知这篇文章主要讲了炎热的白天和夜晚的危险正在增加。故选A。
5.（2020届江西省新余市高考二模） Australian experts have expressed concerns that too many millennials(千禧一代）are hoping to use their social media accounts to build their careers.
Their concerns follow the sudden rise in "insta-celebrities" who make money by posting sponsored photos online. For the lucky few who are not only talented photographers but also good-looking and business-savvy(有商业头脑的)，making money off social media isn't impossible.
Instagram is flooded with social media professionals paid to promote products and services. However, social scientist Dr Lauren Rosewarne, from the University of Melbourne, says that in reality, there are far fewer people making money off the platforms than one may think.
She said many young Australians were getting sucked in by the appeal of making money on platforms like Instagram, describing it as "totally unrealistic" and extremely difficult to do.
"Young people are hoping to be famous in numbers that were simply not there 20 years ago," Rosewarne told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation(ABC) on Saturday. "There are some people who can make fortunes out of monetizing(使具有货币性质)their Instagram posts, but that is not the norm."
She said it was up to parents and schools to discourage students from seeking Insta-fame, as many believe it is a possible career choice. "There's the warning for parents; this is not a normal or even common occurrence that you can monetize your Instagram account."
Meanwhile Toni Eager from Australian National University said social problems could arise from spending too much time with social media.
"Where do the insta-celebrities go ... to separate the life people see on Instagram from their actual normal life?" Eager said. "All of a sudden, people own your private life."
8．Why is there a sudden rise in "insta-celebrities"?
A．Many young people want to be photographers.
B．Many people see it as a shortcut to making money.
C．People want to socialize by sharing photos online.
D．Instagram offers young people more career choices.
9．The underlined phrase "getting sucked in" in Paragraph 4 probably means"______".
A．benefiting from something
B．becoming involved in something
C．taking advantage of something
D．being satisfied with something
10．What message does the author convey by quoting Dr Lauren Rosewarne?
A．Young people today are more business-savvy than ever.
B．Young people are becoming less interested in Internet fame.
C．Instagram is not a good platform to promote new products.
D．It's a bad idea for young people to try earning money on Instagram.
11．What problem does Toni Eager think overuse of social media could cause?
A．An over-reliance on Instagram.
B．A loss of personal privacy.
C．Less interaction with people in real life.
D．The desire to monetize one's Instagram account.
【答案】
8．B
9．B
10．D
11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚的千禧一代中有很多人想将社交媒体发展成赚钱的手段甚至作为事业，专家对此表示了担忧。
8．推理判断题。从第二段对于insta-celebrities的描述Their concerns follow the sudden rise in "insta-celebrities" who make money by posting sponsored photos online. For the lucky few who are not only talented photographers but also good-looking and business-savvy(有商业头脑的)，making money off social media isn't impossible.以及第四段中“the appeal of making money on platforms like Instagram”可知，社交媒体上的名人可以通过赞助来挣钱，即使你非专业，如果相貌姣好、有商业头脑也有机会靠社交媒体赚钱。所以判断出为什么“insta-celebrities”会突然走红是因为许多人把它看作是赚钱的捷径相当于一条捷径。故选B项。
9．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“by the appeal of making money on platforms like Instagram,可知， “受到在一些社交平台上可以赚钱的吸引，许多澳大利亚年轻人被卷入其中”。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出， getting sucked in也应该表达的意思是 “参与其中、卷入其中”。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段Dr Lauren Rosewarne所说的话in reality, there are far fewer people making money off the platforms than one may think.可知，她先是表示通过社交媒体赚钱是很难很不现实的，做到的人也很少。再根据倒数第四段“There are some people who can make fortunes out of monetizing(使具有货币性质)their Instagram posts, but that is not the norm.”可知，有些人可以通过在 instagram 上发帖赚钱，但这不是常态。由此判断出，靠社交平台赚钱并非好主意。故选D项。
11．细节理解题。最后一段“"All of a sudden, people own your private life”可知，突然之间，人们拥有了你的私人生活。所以Toni eager 认为过度使用社交媒体会导致个人隐私的损失。故选B项。
6.（2020届江西省新余市高考二模） If you believe that scientists and artists are most creative when they're young, you are missing an important part of the story. A new study published in De Economist looked at Nobel Prize winners in the field of economics. It found there are two different peaks of creativity. One comes early in a person's career, while another comes later.
The research supports previous work by the authors that found similar patterns in the arts and other sciences.
"We believe what we found in this study isn't limited to economics, but could apply to creativity more generally," said Bruce Weinberg, lead author of the study and professor of economics at The Ohio State University.
"Many people believe that creativity is exclusively associated with youth,but it really depends on what kind of creativity you're talking about."
In the study, those who did their most groundbreaking work early in their careers tended to be "conceptual" innovators(创新者).
These type of innovators "think outside the box", challenging conventional wisdom and suddenly coming up with new ideas. Conceptual innovators are not yet immersed(沉浸于)in the accepted theories of their field, Weinberg said.
But there is another kind of creativity, he said, which is found among "experimental" innovators. These innovators accumulate knowledge through their careers and find new ways to understand it.
The long periods of trial and error for important experimental innovations come later in a Nobel laureate's(荣誉获得者的)career.
"Whether you hit your creative peak early or late in your career depends on whether you have a conceptual or experimental approach," Weinberg said.
The researchers took a novel, empirical(经验主义的)approach to the study, which involved 31 laureates. They arranged the laureates on a list from the most experimental to most conceptual.
This ranking was based on the laureates' most important work, classifying them into "conceptual" or "experimental".
After classifying the laureates, the researchers determined the age at which each laureate made his most important contribution to economics and could be considered at his creative peak.
They found that conceptual laureates peaked between ages 25 and 29. Experimental laureates peaked when they were roughly twice as old, in their mid-50s.
"Our research suggests that when you're most creative is more about how you approach your work."
12．What did the study published in De Economist find?
A．Creativity comes at any age, young or old.
B．Creativity tends to decrease as people get older.
C．Economists, artists and other scientists have much in common.
D．Economists are more creative than artists and other scientists.
13．What does the underlined phrase "think outside the box" mean?
A．Follow rules strictly.
B．Experiment on boxes.
C．Break old thought patterns.
D．Figure out how to escape from a box.
14．What do we know about "experimental" innovators?
A．They usually come up with new ideas all of a sudden.
B．They make discoveries through constant trial and error.
C．The majority of them reach their creative peak in their twenties.
D．They make more contributions than "conceptual" innovators.
15．What do the researchers believe determines someone's creative peak?
A．One's personality type.
B．What kind of job one takes.
C．How one handles their work.
D．One's attitude toward their work.
【答案】
12．A
13．C
14．B
15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了通过对一些诺贝尔获奖者事业生涯的研究，发现人的创造力会有两种峰值，这取决于你是哪种类型的创新者。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It found there are two different peaks of creativity. One comes early in a person's career, while another comes later.”可知，这项研究表明，创造力的巅峰可能来自与事业早期，也可能是在后期，对应一个人的年轻时与年纪稍大时，A选项符合文意。故选A项。
13．词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“These type of innovators "think outside the box", challenging conventional wisdom and suddenly coming up with new ideas.”可知，非谓语动词部分可以看作对这一短语的解释，意为“挑战传统智慧，提出新的想法”，也就是勇于突破一些旧的模式、框架。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第八段“The long periods of trial and error for important experimental innovations come later in a Nobel laureate's(荣誉获得者的)career.”可知，在一位诺贝尔奖得主的职业生涯中，重要的实验性创新经历了漫长的不断的尝试和错误。所以他们通过不断的尝试和错误获得了发现。故选B项。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Our research suggests that when you're most creative is more about how you approach your work.”可知，在这项研究中，决定创造力巅峰的就是你如何处理你的工作。所以研究人员认为是如何处理他们的工作决定了一个人的创造力峰值。故选C项。
7.（2020届江西省重点中学协作体高三第一次联考）
In 2019, more than 125,000 organs, mostly kidneys, were transplanted (移植) from one human being to another in the United States. But a lack of suitable donors means the supply of organs is limited. That has led researchers to study the question of how to build organs from the very beginning.
One promising approach is to print them. Bio-printing originated in the early 2000s, when it was discovered that living cells could be sprayed through the nozzles (喷嘴) of printers without being damaged.
Sichuan Revotek, a biotechnology company based in Chengdu, China, has successfully transplanted a printed section of artery (动脉) into a monkey. This is the first step in trials of a technique intended for use in humans. Similarly, Organovo, a firm in San Diego, California, announced that it had transplanted printed human-liver tissue into mice and that this tissue had survived and worked.
Bio-printing can help with the development of other treatments. Organovo already offers its printed kidney and liver tissue for use in testing new drugs for effectiveness and safety. That should please animal rights activists, as such tests cut down on the number of animal trials. It should please drug companies, too——because the tissue being tested is human, the results obtained should be more reliable than those from tests on other species. With similar purpose in mind, L’Oreal, a French cosmetics firm, together with its team, is working on printing human skin. They intend to use it to test their products for side effects. Compared with older and slower technology, bio-printing will permit L’Oreal to grow much more, and also allow different skin types to be printed.
The real prize of all this effort would be to print entire organs. For kidneys, Roots Analysis, a medical-technology consulting company, thinks that should be possible in about six years. Livers, which have a natural tendency to grow again, should also arrive a little bit soon. Hearts, with their complex inner shape, will take longer.
8．Why do people start to consider printing organs?
A．Because of poor quality of the organs. B．Because of shortage of donors.
C．Because of lack of research. D．Because of limited technology.
9．How does Revotek develop bio-printing technology?
A．By testing bio-printed organs on patients.
B．By developing liver tissue into a monkey.
C．By transplanting a section of artery into mice.
D．By transplanting a bio-printed organ into an animal.
10．What can be inferred from paragraph 4?
A．Animal rights activists hate bio-printing.
B．Entire printed organs will be available soon.
C．Bio-printing could be well received in society.
D．L’Oreal prints human skin to improve the bio-technology.
11．What does the passage want to tell us?
A．Organ transplantation is difficult to achieve.
B．Medical progress improves people’s life quality.
C．Bio-printing tech contributes to building organs.
D．Many countries are cooperating to develop bio-printing.
【答案】
8．B
9．D
10．C
11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了生物打印技术产生的原因、发展现状、未来发展和生物打印技术对器官移植的重大意义。
8．细节理解题。根据“But a lack of suitable donors means the supply of organs is limited. That has led researchers to study the question of how to build organs from the very beginning. One promising approach is to print them.”可知，由于缺乏合适的器官捐赠者，导致研究者开始考虑打印器官。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Sichuan Revotek, a biotechnology company based in Chengdu, China, has successfully transplanted a printed section of artery (动脉) into a monkey.”可知Revotek是通过把生物打印的器官移植到动物身上的方式发展生物打印技术的。故选D。
10．推理判断题。第四段介绍了生物打印技术能够帮助其他治疗的发展。Organovo使用打印的肾脏和肝脏组织测试新药物的有效性和安全性；L’Oreal使用打印的人类皮肤测试他们产品的副作用。可推知，生物打印技术能够被社会接受。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。介绍了生物打印技术产生的原因、发展现状、未来发展和生物打印技术对器官移植的重大意义。可知本文主要想告诉我们生物打印技术对建造器官的贡献。故选C。
8.（2020届辽宁省辽南协作体高三第一次模拟 ）
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Minor Snow, the 20th solar term of the year, begins this year on Nov.22 and ends on Dec.6.
Here are five things you should know about Minor Snow.
Light snow
An ancient Chinese book about plants explains that “in Minor Snow, the weather is cold and it is going to snow, but the snow is light and the earth is not frozen enough.”
Drinking soup
During Minor Snow, indoor heating begins to work, making most people might find their noses and mouths feel a bit dry. The solution is to drink more hot soup, such as cabbage and bean curd soup, mutton and radish (小萝卜) soup and so on.
Eating glutinous (粘的) rice cakes
People have glutinous rice cakes around Minor Snow, which in ancient times, were a traditional festival offering to the bull god.
Making preserved pork
After Minor Snow, the temperature declines sharply and the air becomes dry. It is the best time to start making preserved pork to eat in the bitter winter, especially in the Spring Festival. In the past, when storage conditions were poor, people developed many ways to store food and preserved pork is one such example. Some even say preserved pork tastes more delicious than fresh meat.
Avoiding spicy food
On cold days, people may be greedy for some hot and spicy food to keep warm.Experts say it’s wise not to eat overly spicy food since that will increase your inner heat.
1．Which of the following is true about Minor Snow?
A．It will certainly snow in this term.
B．It has the coldest days of the year.
C．It is a term used in China’s northern areas.
D．It is a term concerned with weather in China.
2．Which food is recommended to eat in Minor Snow?
A．Cabbage and bean curd soup. B．Preserved pork.
C．Cakes. D．Spicy food.
3．Why did people make preserved pork in the past?
A．Because people found it hard to store meat in cold winter.
B．Because it was more delicious to eat than fresh meat.
C．Because people couldn’t afford to buy fresh pork.
D．Because nowhere could people buy fresh pork in winter.
【答案】
1．D
2．A
3．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了谷雨这个节气。在谷雨时，雨水开始频繁，促进作物的生长。北方的人们在谷雨期间吃香椿，南方的人喝茶。在北方渔村，人们会庆祝谷雨节。
1．细节理解题。根据Light snow中An ancient Chinese book about plants explains that “in Minor Snow, the weather is cold and it is going to snow,but the snow is light and the earth is not frozen enough.”一本关于植物的中国古籍解释说：“小雪天气寒冷，即将下雪，但雪很轻，土地不够冻结。”由此可知，Minor Snow是一个有关中国天气的术语。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Drinking soup中The solution is to drink more hot soup, such as cabbage and bean curd soup, mutton and radish (小萝卜) soup and so on.解决办法是多喝热汤，如白菜豆腐汤、羊肉萝卜汤等。由此可知，在小雪时，建议吃白菜豆腐汤。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据Making preserved pork中In the past, when storage conditions were poor, people developed many ways to store food and preserved pork is one such example.在过去，当储存条件很差的时候，人们发明了很多储存食物的方法，腊肉就是一个这样的例子。由此可知，过去人们之所以做腊肉是因为人们发现在寒冷的冬天很难储存肉。故选A。
9.（2020届辽宁省辽南协作体高三第一次模拟 ）
Ten minutes of gentle exercise can immediately change how certain parts of the brain communicate and coordinate (协调) with one another and improve memory function, according to an encouraging new study.
The scientists invited 36 people of different ages to the lab and had them sit quietly on a fixed bicycle for 10 minutes or, on a separate visit, pedal the bicycle at a pace so gentle that it barely raised their heart rates. It also was short, lasting for only 10 minutes. Immediately after each session of the sitting or slow pedaling, the people completed a computerized memory test during which they would see a brief picture of, for instance, a tree, followed by a variety of other images and then a new image of either the same tree or a similar one. The people would press buttons to show whether they thought each image was new or the same as an earlier shot. The test is difficult, since many of the images closely resemble one another. It requires rapid, skillful scanning recent memories to decide whether a picture is new or known. Next, the scientists had each person repeat this process — riding or sitting on the bike for 10 minutes and then completing memory testing — but the testing now took place inside an M.R.I. machine (磁共振成像仪) that scanned the people’s brains while they responded to the images.
Then the researchers compared results. The effects of the exercise were clear. The people were better at remembering images after they had ridden the bike, especially when the images most closely resembled one another. In other words, the harder their memories had to do their best, the better they performed after the exercise. The M.R.I. scans showed that memory parts of each person’s brain lit up at the same time with parts of the brain associated with learning, indicating that these physically separate parts of the brain were better connected now than when the people had not first exercised.
8．Which can replace the underlined word in the second paragraph?
A．Picture. B．Film.
C．Remark. D．Scene.
9．According to the passage we know that_________.
A．a ten minutes’ exercise is the best method of memorizing things
B．the brain works better when a person frequently exercises
C．exercise can help different parts of the body work together
D．memory function can be improved after gentle exercise
10．The study result will be most beneficial to________.
A．a player competing in bicycle riding
B．a young man crazy about experiments
C．a student preparing for an examination
D．a retired man taking exercise in the park
11．Why does the writer write the article?
A．To urge people to exercise before learning.
B．To present an inspiring new study result.
C．To show how an M.R.I. machine works.
D．To prove the good effects of exercise.
【答案】
8．A
9．D
10．C
11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，哪怕是仅仅十分钟的轻柔运动也会提高人的记忆里水平。
8．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的the people completed a computerized memory test during which they would see a brief picture of, for instance, a tree“这些人完成了一项计算机化的记忆测试，在测试过程中，他们会看到一张简单的图片，比如一棵树。”由此可知，a variety of other images中的划线词images的意思是“图片，图像”。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中In other words, the harder their memories had to do their best, the better they performed after the exercise.“换句话说，他们的记忆越难做到最好，他们在锻炼后的表现就越好。”由此可知，温和锻炼后记忆功能可以改善。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第一段Ten minutes of gentle exercise can immediately change how certain parts of the brain communicate and coordinate (协调) with one another and improve memory function, according to an encouraging new study.“一项令人鼓舞的新研究显示，10分钟的温和锻炼可以立即改变大脑某些部分相互沟通和协调的方式，并改善记忆功能。”由此可知，研究结果对学生备考最为有利。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段Ten minutes of gentle exercise can immediately change how certain parts of the brain communicate and coordinate (协调) with one another and improve memory function, according to an encouraging new study.“一项令人鼓舞的新研究显示，10分钟的温和锻炼可以立即改变大脑某些部分相互沟通和协调的方式，并改善记忆功能。”由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了提出一个鼓舞人心的新研究结果。故选B。
10.（2020届辽宁省辽南协作体高三第一次模拟 ）
Garbage sorting has become a hot issue around China,especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation on July 1.
Beijing has thus been expected to follow suit. The current regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, outlining how they’re responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Only individuals are not subject to responsibilities.
The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation. “Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal,” said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators are now fined up to 200 yuan for trash-sorting violations (违背). The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that, he said.
The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types-recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others — and leave it in a corresponding (相应的) dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins indicate items within are recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dangerous materials and grey to other waste.
To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help residents on the spot. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclables or kitchen waste.
Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported.
12．Which of the following shouldn’t be thrown into a blue dustbin?
A．Coke cans. B．Used books.
C．Thrown-away batteries. D．Abandoned iron pots.
13．It’s known from the passage that _______.
A．Shanghai carried out garbage sorting later than Beijing
B．Green color indicates recyclable waste like deserted clothes
C．people sorting recyclable waste will be rewarded throughout Beijing
D．citizens are not responsible for garbage sorting in Beijing now
14．What is the best title for the text?
A．An Example in Garbage Sorting in Shanghai
B．Action to Be Taken to Sort Garbage in Shanghai
C．Present Garbage Collection in Beijing
D．New Garbage Sorting Regulation in Beijing
15．Where can you read the article?
A．A fashion magazine. B．A science book.
C．A government report. D．A newspaper.
【答案】
12．C
13．D
14．C
15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垃圾分类在北京的实施情况。
12．推理判断题。根据第四段中Blue-colored dustbins indicate items within are recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dangerous materials and grey to other waste.“蓝色的垃圾桶表示里面的物品是可回收的，绿色代表厨房垃圾，红色代表危险物品，灰色代表其他垃圾。”由此可知，废电池不能再回收，所以不能被扔到蓝色的垃圾桶里。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中Beijing has thus been expected to follow suit.The current regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments,property management groups and other organizations.“因此，外界预计中国政府也会效仿。目前的规定将垃圾分类的责任交给了政府部门、物业管理集团和其他组织。”由此可知，从文章中可以得知，现在北京市民不需要对垃圾分类负责。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009.“北京市政府于2009年开始推广垃圾分类。”和最后一段Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016“自2016年以来，北京环卫工程集团一直在推广新的垃圾分类设施，如回收箱和智能厨房垃圾桶”由此可知，C项Present Garbage Collection in Beijing.(目前北京的垃圾收集)为最佳主题。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段中的Xinhua News Agency reported(新华社报道)可知，这是一篇关于北京市垃圾分类的新闻报道，所以它不可能出现在一本时尚杂志、一本科学书和一个政府报告上，它最有可能出现在报纸上。故选D。
11.（2020届山西省太原市高三模拟 ）
Great inventors like Thomas Edison have impacted people's lives with their inventions.While their contributions are certainly valuable, other amazing inventions were actually created by children!
The trampoline
Trampolines are great for both fun and exercise, but they are a fairly recent invention. In the 1930s, George Nissen was inspired to make a bouncy“net" after seeing a circus performance. He thought it more entertaining for performers to continue bouncing instead of landing in a net. So, at the age of 16, he made it by stretching thick cloth in a metal frame.
The Popsicle
Cold weather led to the creation of a delicious invention-the Popsicle. Frank Epperson was just 11 years old when he accidentally created his first Popsicle. He was making himself a soda drink and left his glass outside overnight. When he found it in the morning, it had frozen solid with the stir (搅拌) stick still in the glass. And the first Popsicle was born.
Braille
Three-year-old Louis Braille experienced a serious eye injury that blinded him in both eyes.He struggled to read by moving his fingers across raised letters, but that proved very difficult. At the age of twelve, Louis learned about a communication system where messages could be read silently with fingertips. He changed it and created Braille. It s now used around the world!
BEACON
When Hannah Herbst was just 14 years old, she was named America's Top Young Scientist for inventing a device called BEACON. After receiving a letter from her Ethiopian pen pal, Hannah was inspired to create a device that could convert the energy from ocean waves into electricity which she hopes will help people without easy access to electricity.
1．Which of the inventions greatly benefits the blind?
A．The trampoline. B．The Popsicle.
C．Braille. D．BEACON.
2．Who was awarded a national title for his/her invention?
A．George Nissen. B．Frank Epperson.
C．Louis Braille. D．Hannah Herbst.
3．What do the child inventors have in common?
A．They were all awarded for their amazing inventions.
B．They all made improvements on previous inventions.
C．They were all teenagers when they made their inventions.
D．They all invented great things that influence people's lives.
【答案】
1．C
2．D
3．D
【解析】本文为说明文，介绍了蹦床、棒冰、盲文、灯塔等几项小孩子的大发明，影响了世界。
1．细节理解题。根据关键词the blind定位到第四段，由At the age of twelve, Louis learned about a communication system where messages could be read silently with fingertips. He changed it and created Braille. It s now used around the world!可知，十二岁时，路易斯学会了一种可以用指尖默默读取信息的通讯系统。他改变了它，创造了盲文。现在全世界都在使用。所以布莱叶盲文使盲人受益匪浅，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句When Hannah Herbst was just 14 years old, she was named America's Top Young Scientist for inventing a device called BEACON.可知，当Hannah Herbst只有14岁的时候，她因为发明了一种名为BEACON的设备而被提名为美国最顶尖的年轻科学家。可知选D。
3．推理判断题。根据首段第二句Great inventors like Thomas Edison have impacted people's lives with their inventions.While their contributions are certainly valuable, other amazing inventions were actually created by children!可知，像托马斯 · 爱迪生这样伟大的发明家用他们的发明影响了人们的生活。虽然他们的贡献当然是有价值的，但其他令人惊异的发明实际上是由孩子们创造！由此判断出这些儿童发明的共同点是孩子创造的的神奇发明影响了人们的生活，故选D。
12.（2020届陕西省铜川市高三第二次模拟 ）
What is body surfing?
Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard. That’s why it is called the “purest” form of surfing. In fact, it is one of very few extreme sports—free climbing and cliff diving are. others—that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.
How do you do it?
To catch a wave, swim to where the waves break and, as one approaches, start swimming towards the beach. You must try to travel at the same speed as the wave and, if you do it correctly, you will feel the wave lifting you and pushing you forwards. Then try and cut along the surface of the wave.
What do you need?
It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). This is because they enable you to swim faster and surf along them more easily. A wetsuit is also advisable. Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. If you are lucky enough to be surfing in warm water, make sure you have your boardshorts at the ready.
Unofficial world championship
Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. Local bodysurfers compete against athletes from places such as Australia, Brazil, Japan or France. Famous bodyboarder Mike Stewart has won the event no fewer than 12 times, and Kelly Slater, the greatest surfer in history, has also competed.
1．How does a bodysurfer surf while in the sea?
A．Only using the human body. B．Only relying on a surfboard.
C．Only following a wave. D．Only swimming along the beach.
2．Which can make you surf faster?
A．Flippers and a wetsuit. B．A wetsuit and a handboard.
C．A handboard and boardshorts. D．A handboard and Flippers.
3．What can we know about the Pipeline Body surfing Classic?
A．It is for local bodysurfers. B．It is held annually in Hawaii.
C．All famous bodysurfers favor it. D．Mike Stewart attends it every year.
【答案】
1．A
2．D
3．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项非专业的运动——人体冲浪。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard.和that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.可知，人体冲浪是在没有冲浪板等辅助工具帮助的情况下在海浪上冲浪。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). 如果你使用脚蹼会更舒适、更安全，和Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. 一只手拿着冲浪板可以加速冲浪。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. 在夏威夷每年都会有一个名为管道人体冲浪经典的节日。故选B。
13.（2020届陕西省铜川市高三第二次模拟 ）
More People Are Leaving the Rat Race for the Simple Life
Time is more precious than money for an increasing number of people who are choosing to live more with less—and liking it.
Kay and Charles Giddens, two lawyers, sold their home to start a B&B hotel. Four years later, the couple dishes out banana pancake breakfast, cleans toilets and serves homemade chocolate chip cookies to guests in a B&B hotel surrounded by trees on a hill known for colorful sunsets.
“Do I miss the freeways? Do I miss the traffic? Do I miss the stress? No,” says Ms. Giddens, “This is a phenomenon that’s fairly widespread. A lot of people are reevaluating their lives and figuring out what they want to do. If their base is being damaged, what’s the payoff?”
Simple living ranges from cutting down on weeknight activities to sharing housing, living closer to work, avoiding shopping malls, borrowing books from the library instead of buying them, and taking a cut in pay to work at a more pleasurable job.
Vicki Robin, a writer, lives on a budget equal to a fifth of what she used to make. “You become conscious about where your money is going and how valuable it is,” Ms. Robin says, “You tend not to use things up. You cook at home rather than eat out…”
Janet Luhrs, a lawyer, quit her job after giving birth and leaving her daughter with a nanny for two weeks. “It was not the way I wanted to raise my kids,” she says, “Simplicity is not just about saving money; it’s about me sitting down every night with my kids to a candlelit dinner with classical music.”
Mrs. Luhrs now edits a magazine, Simple Living, which publishes tips on how to buy recycled furniture and shoes, organize potluck dinners instead of expensive receptions, and generally how to consume less.
“It’s not about poverty,” Mrs. Luhrs explains, “It’s about conscious living and creating the life you want. The less stuff you buy, the less money goes out of the door, and the less money you have to earn.”
8．Kay and Charles Giddens sold their home to ______.
A．pay off the debt
B．start a private hotel
C．cut down expenses
D．buy living necessities
9．Simple living includes ______.
A．building a home library
B．living in the countryside
C．enjoying a colorful night life
D．sharing housing with others
10．It can be learned from the passage that now Janet Luhrs ______.
A．spends more time with her kids
B．has an interest in classical music
C．works as a reporter of a magazine
D．helps people buy recycled clothes
11．How does the author develop the passage?
A．By using figures.
B．By asking questions.
C．By giving examples.
D．By making comparisons.
【答案】
8．B
9．D
10．A
11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。越来越多的人摆脱激烈竞争的环境回归简单的生活。他们重新审视生活的价值，希望过上一种自己喜欢的生活。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的sold their home to start a B&B hotel可知，他们把房子卖掉是为了经营自己的酒店，故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段中的Simple living ranges from cutting down on weeknight activities to sharing housing可知，D选项sharing housing with others包含了simple living的内容，故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第六段中的It was not the way I wanted to raise my kids,” she says, “Simplicity is not just about saving money可知，Janet Luhrs不工作是因为想把更多的时间花在跟她的小孩子一起，故选A。
11．推理判断题。纵观全文，不难看出文章是用了几个人物的例子，如Kay and Charles Giddens夫妇，作家Vicki Robin等，来讲述Simple living的概念的，故选C。
14.（2020届陕西省铜川市高三第二次模拟 ）
The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting from July 1. Many citizens are still confused about the classification of the four different types of trash. Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to explain the new rules.
The guideline, published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau, provides a rather clear definition on the four kinds of waste: recyclable waste, harmful waste, household food waste and residual (剩余的) waste.
Harmful waste, as the name suggests, includes various poisonous materials like used batteries, light bulbs, out-of-date medicines, paint and pesticides.
Household food waste — which is translated to “wet trash” in Chinese — refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.
Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.
The definition of residual waste is a little confusing. Anything that is not listed above belongs to this category.
As specific as the new guideline is, residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all. For instance, both plastic bottles and bubble tea or coffee cups are plastic materials. However, the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongs to residual waste. To save the hassle, some netizens have come up with their own way to sort trash.
“We should do this from a pig’s angle,” commented one netizen. “Those edible (可食用的) for pigs are household food waste. Those even pigs don’t want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it, then something must be harmful waste. Those that can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste.”
The new regulation came into effect on July 1. Those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB 200.
12．What do the old coats that you want to throw away belong to?
A．Harmful waste. B．Wet trash.
C．Recyclable waste. D．Residual waste.
13．What is the common point of “wet trash”？
A．They can be broken down easily. B．They all come from plants.
C．They all have bad smells. D．They all have poisonous materials.
14．What is the tone of the netizen like?
A．Serious. B．Humorous.
C．Delightful. D．Uncertain.
15．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The four sorts of garbage are forbidden in Shanghai.
B．Shanghai garbage sorting enforcement begins.
C．People are still confused about garbage sorting.
D．The netizens in Shanghai support the garbage sorting policy.
【答案】
12．C
13．A
14．B
15．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海的垃圾分类指南以及相关规定出台后，人们对此作出的反应。
12．细节理解题。根据第五段Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.可知纸、塑料、玻璃、金属和纺织品都是可回收的废物。纺织品属于可回收垃圾，而旧衣服属于纺织品，故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段Household food waste — which is translated to “wet trash” in Chinese — refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.可知，家庭食物垃圾——在中文里被翻译成“湿垃圾”——指的是剩饭剩菜、腐烂的食物、宠物食品、果皮、中草药和鲜花的残留物。由此可知，“湿垃圾”的共同点是它们很容易分解。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“We should do this from a pig’s angle,” commented one netizen.可知，一位网友评论道：“我们应该从猪的角度来做这件事。”由此可推知，该网民说从猪的角度来看，可见该网民是以一种幽默的语气来表达自己的观点的。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting from July 1.可知，新的垃圾分类规定已于7月1日起在上海生效。后文又介绍了上海的垃圾分类规定的出台及具体内容，如可回收垃圾、厨余垃圾、有害垃圾等的具体内容，以及人们对此的反应。故选B。
15.（2020届陕西宜川中学高三第三次模拟 ）
“People are ruder today because they are rushed and more ‘time poor’ than ever before,” says Patsy Rowe, “ Manners have fallen off the radar(雷达).” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder that more people don’t wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with complaining about the noise. Here are some examples of rudeness.
Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet. To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because humans don’t work at 4G speeds. When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone. We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings life-changing news, so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with. What is worse, some people even tend to send anonymous（匿名的）rude messages by email.
However, rudeness is never acceptable. Don’t assume it is OK to be rude if the person you’re in touch with won’t recognize you. If you have something awful to say, have the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or email and sign it, or forget it. Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.
We shouldn’t blame technology for our shortcomings. Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives. An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings. People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we’d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.
8．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?
A．People care little about their behavior.
B．People can tell good from bad behavior.
C．Radar is able to observe human behavior.
D．Radar can be used to predict human behavior.
9．Some people are less willing to deal with humans because__________.
A．they are growing too independent
B．they have to handle many important messages
C．they are becoming less patient
D．they have to follow an evolutionary step backward.
10．The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is ___________.
A．disgusting B．acceptable
C．Ridiculous D．reasonable
11．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．We should applaud good behavior.
B．We should keep pointing out mistakes.
C．Technology will take over lives one day.
D．Technology can never be blamed
【答案】
8．A
9．C
10．A
11．A
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。随着电子产品和网络的普及，人们越来越匆忙，从而变得更加粗鲁，越来越不注重礼貌。我们不应该把我们的缺点归咎于技术。我们应该赞扬良好的行为。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“People are ruder today because they are rushed and more‘time poor’than ever before…”Here are some examples of rudness”可知，今天的人们更粗鲁，因为他们很匆忙，而且比以往任何时候都更缺乏时间人们忽视他们的行为以及一些粗鲁的例子。可知，人们对他们的行为举止不在意了。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because humans don’t work at 4G speeds.“对他们来说，与真人打交道就像是进化的倒退。这感觉非常慢，因为人类无法以4G速度工作。”可知，有些人不太愿意和人类打交道，因为他们变得越来越没有耐心。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.” “用未署名的信息惹恼别人是残忍和令人恶心的。”可知，作者认为发送无签名的糟糕消息是令人厌恶的。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we’d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.“人们花很多时间指出不礼貌的地方，但如果我们在看到他们的时候公开承认他们有礼貌，那就更有帮助了。”可知，我们应该赞扬良好的行为。故选A。