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“ We shw really strngly that， frm a bidiversity standpint in terms f species richness，indigenus － managed lands are at least cmparable t prtected areas， ” says bilgist Richard Schuster f Carletn University. And in sme places， they are better than parks and preserves －even thugh indigenus cmmunities may use their lands’ resurces by hunting r searching fr fd.
Schuster and his team analyzed mre than 15，000 areas in Australia， Brazil and Canada. They fund that the ttal diversity f wildlife was highest n lands either managed r c － managed by indigenus grups， while randmly selected areas with n frmal prtectin were the least bi－diverse. Fr threatened species in particular， indigenus lands scred slightly higher than prtected lands n verall species richness in Brazil and Canada， as well as higher fr threatened animals in Australia.
Each cuntry has a different gegraphy， climate and histry. Yet remarkably， Schuster says， the best indicatr fr species diversity is whether a given area was managed by an indigenus cmmunity. He pinted ut that practices such as sustainable（可持续的） hunting， fishing and searching， as well as burning， are mre likely t ccur in such areas. Dn Hankins， an eclgist at Califrnia State University，agrees. “ there’ s prbably ging t be mre f a cnnectin t the land， ” he says， “ and a use f the land fr the things that are there， cmpared t a natinal park. ”
“ It’ s really imprtant t listen t the peple wh live n the land and have them drive the stewardship effrts ging frward， ” Schuster says， adding that partnering with indigenus cmmunities may enable the wrld’ s cuntries t better meet a wide range f cnservatin gals： “ We really need all the help we can get as a glbal cmmunity t prevent species extinctin that we’ re facing right nw. ”
8．What des the underlined wrd “ indigenus” prbably mean in Paragraph 2？
A．Scial.B．Native.
C．Prtected.D．Threatened.
9．What did Richard Schuster find in his study？
A．Natinal parks are even higher in species diversity.
B．Indigenus cmmunities verhunted n their lands.
C．Sme preserves almst have n frmal prtectin.
D．Indigenus lands d better in keeping bi－diversity.
10．Which f the fllwing statements may Dn Hankins agree with？
A．Species diversity depends n gegraphical psitins.
B．Humans’ everyday activities are n lnger sustainable.
C．Indigenus grups have a clse bnd with their lands.
D．Prtected areas wrk perfectly in wildlife prtectin.
11．What is the text mainly abut？
A．Beating back extinctin.B．Dealing with envirnmental prblems.
C．Setting up nature reserves.D．Fighting against unsustainable behavirs.
【答案】
8．B
9．D
10．C
11．A
【解析】本文为议论文。文章主要论述了在阻止物种的灭绝的方法中，国家公园和野生动物保护区对物种的保护远不如当地组织的管理保护。
8．猜测词义题。第一段“Scientist， cnservatin rganizatins and gvernment trying t stp the trend f extinctin （灭绝） ften fcus n prtected areas such as natinal parks and wildlife preserves. But with as many as millin species（物种） at risk， this plan f actin may nt be enugh t cnserve wildlife.” 科学家、保护组织和政府试图阻止物种灭绝的趋势，往往把重点放在国家公园和野生动物保护区等保护区。但是，由于有多达百万种物种面临危险，这项行动计划可能不足以保护野生动物。由此可知这种国家公园和野生保护区有不足之处。第二段“A new study indicates the effectiveness f sme such appraches by examining sme lands managed by indigenus grups.” 一项新的研究表明，通过审查“indigenus grups”管理的一些方法是有效的。由此可知，这个管理是与前面“natinal parks and wildlife preserves.’国家管理是不同的，是相对的。结合第三段中的“even thugh indigenus cmmunities may use their lands’ resurces …”即使“indigenus”社区利用他们自己的土地。由此可推断出与国家保护区不同的是当地的组织管理。分析选项可知B中的native意为“当地的，本地的，土著的”符合题意，故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段“Schuster and his team analyzed mre than 15，000 areas in Australia， Brazil and Canada. They fund that the ttal diversity f wildlife was highest n lands either managed r c － managed by indigenus grups，while randmly selected areas with n frmal prtectin were the least bi－diverse. Fr threatened species in particular， indigenus lands scred slightly higher than prtected lands n verall species richness in Brazil and Canada， as well as higher fr threatened animals in Australia.”可知，Richard Schuster的团队分析了澳大利亚、巴西和加拿大的15000多个地区。他们发现，在由当地组织管理或共同管理的土地上，野生动物的多样性最高，而随机选择的没有正式保护的区域的生物多样性最低。特别是濒危的物种，在巴西和加拿大，本地管理的土地的物种丰富度略高于受保护 土地，在澳大利亚，濒危的物种丰富度也高于受保护土地。由此可推断出当地的保护在保持生物多样性方面做得更好。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段Dn Hankins， an eclgist at Califrnia State University，agrees. “ there’ s prbably ging t be mre f a cnnectin t the land，...， cmpared t a natinal park. ” 他说:“与国家公园相比，（当地组织管理）可能会更多地与土地建立联系…。”由此可推断出C项（土著群体与他们的土地有着密切的联系）符合题意，故选C。
11．主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨“Scientist， cnservatin rganizatins and gvernment trying t stp the trend f extinctin”。 科学家、保护组织和政府试图阻止物种灭绝的趋势。接着文章叙述了保护物种灭绝的重点只放在国家公园和野生动物保护区等保护区不足以保护野生动物。于是从第二段提出了一种新的方法—当地组织的管理来阻止物种的灭绝。由此可推断出本文主要讲述有效地与物种的灭绝作斗争，即击退物种的灭绝。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。
2.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检） I grew up in a Midwestern twn where the ppular wisdm was t nly talk abut what was pleasant and t keep secrets， if necessary， t make that happen.
This meant staying mum when smene ffended yu， rarely expressing unpleasant feelings and smiling slightly mre than is necessary. It als meant zer rm fr airing any srt f dirty laundry，especially nt the kinds f persnal secrets that keep peple up.
Many f us like t believe that hiding unpleasant truths might make them eventually g away. Instead， keeping secrets— especially heavy nes— can spin an even mre cmplicated web f lneliness and deceptin（欺骗） . S why d we d it？
The truth can hurt. But in many situatins， it’ s better t get it ut and let the recvery start， rather than allwing it t be mre harmful.
The burden f hlding in the truth desn’ t just disappear. It hides in the back f yur mind and can cause disrder t yur life and health.
“ If the situatins in yur daily life are regular reminders f the secret， and yu find it stressful t keep it， then yes， it can have emtinal（感情上的） and physical cnsequences， ” says Dr. Dean McKay.
“ Sme peple als find keeping secrets stressful ut f a general cncern they will ‘ slip’ ， and this frequent thught f the secret can in itself be stressful. ”
This difficulty is especially wrse if yu feel trapped by the secret， r if it brings up ther unpleasant feelings like guilt， shame r anxiety.
If yu d decide that yur secrets tk yur jy away and wuld be better ff being let ut int the wrld， and if that secret desn’ t put ther peple in physical danger， there are healthy ways t share it.
12．What is cnsidered wise fr mst peple in the Midwestern twn？
A．Expressing feelings freely.B．Keeping unpleasant truths secret.
C．Answering vilence with vilence.D．Sharing private matters with friends.
13．What is a suggested way t deal with the unpleasant situatins？
A．T hide yur feelings.B．T tell a white lie.
C．T make n respnse.D．T expse the truth.
14．What can be inferred abut secrets in the text？
A．They are bad fr yur health.B．They are hardly accepted by peple.
C．They bring up mre psitive feelings.D．They help prevent disrder in yur life.
15．What will prbably be talked abut in the paragraph that fllws？
A．Reasns fr hlding secrets.B．Ways t share secrets.
C．Dubts abut breaking secrets.D．Tips n keeping secrets.
【答案】
12．B
13．D
14．A
15．B
【解析】本文为议论文。文章主要论述了隐藏真相，保守秘密对人是有害的。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“…the ppular wisdm was t nly talk abut what was pleasant and t keep secrets， if necessary， t make that happen.” 那里的人们普遍认为，只谈论令人愉快的事情，如果有必要的话，保守秘密，这是明智的做法。由此可推断出，B项（不说出令人不快的真相）符合题意，故选B。
13．细节理解题。第四段“The truth can hurt. But in many situatins， it’s better t get it ut and let the recvery start, rather than allwing it t be mre harmful.” 真相会伤害你。但在很多情况下，最好是把它释放出来，恢复痊愈，而不是让它更有害。由此可知，此处的建议就是把令人不快的真相暴露出来，故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段“It hides in the back f yur mind and can cause disrder t yur life and health.” 它隐藏在你的内心深处，会给你的生活和健康带来混乱。第六段“If the situatins in yur daily life are regular reminders f the secret， and yu find it stressful t keep it， then yes， it can have emtinal（感情上的） and physical cnsequences，” says Dr. Dean McKay. 如果你日常生活中的情况经常提醒你这个秘密，而你觉得保守它很有压力，那么是的，它可能会影响你的身心。”第七段“ Sme peple als find keeping secrets stressful ut f a general cncern they will ‘ slip’ ，and this frequent thught f the secret can in itself be stressful. ” 一些人还发现保守秘密会让他们感到压力，因为他们担心自己会出错，而这种频繁地想到秘密的想法本身就会让他们感到压力。第八段This difficulty is especially wrse if yu feel trapped by the secret， r if it brings up ther unpleasant feelings like guilt， shame r anxiety. 如果你觉得被这个秘密困住了，或者它带来了其他不愉快的感觉，比如内疚、羞愧或焦虑，那么这种困难就会变得更糟。最后一段的第一句 “yur secrets tk yur jy away and wuld be better ff being let ut int the wrld” 你的秘密带走了你的快乐。由此可推断出保守秘密对你的健康有害。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“if that secret desn’t put ther peple in physical danger， there are healthy ways t share it.” 如果这个秘密不会让其他人有身体上的危险，有一些健康的方法来分享它。可以推断出下文会谈论分享秘密的健康的方法。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。
3.（2020届福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测） Lk! A plar bear is lying lifeless n a beach. On the shre, in the backgrund, stand three guards, talking t each ther. One f them has a deadly weapn hanging casually n his shulder. This pwerful image has thrwn int questin the mtivatin fr this kind f turism, r ecturism. Des ur prximity (接近) t large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a desire fr exciting images, lead t such animals becming accustmed t human cntact? If that is the case, surely the lsing side will end up paying the ultimate price fr such prximity.
T my srrw, I have recently returned frm a trip t Svalbard, and indeed std tw weeks ag n the very beach where the bear was sht. The bear’s death shuld never have happened. Was the beach examined frm the ship ffshre befrehand? Was there access t flares (照明弹) t scare ff a bear that appeared suddenly? These are standard measures fr any respected peratr. The incident is prbably the result f a terrible systemic failure.
Nevertheless, the incident shuld nt negate the value f ecturism. In its best frm, this kind f travel has very little impact, r indeed has a psitive effect, n the envirnment where it takes place. This can be by making financial dnatins t cnservatin grups, prviding incme t lcal cmmunities, r ensuring prtectin f certain areas r animals. In Svalbard, visitrs becme ambassadrs fr the endangered plar bear, increasing awareness f the fact that the far greater danger facing them is sea-ice melt in the Arctic Ocean.
Ecturism is expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges t the regins arund the wrld in which it perates. Simply clsing ff these regins is nt the answer.
8．Why was the plar bear dead?
A．It was prbably hunt fr its fur by turists.
B．It was prbably frightened t death by flares.
C．The prper prcedures weren’t prbably fllwed.
D．The beach wasn’t prbably equipped with safety devices.
9．What is the third paragragh mainly abut?
A．Ecturism culd be develped prperly.
B．Financial awareness has greatly advcated.
C．Envirnmental awareness has greatly increased.
D．Visitrs have a guilty cnscience abut ecturism.
10．What des the underlined sentence in the last paragragh suggest?
A．Mre challenges frm guards haven’t yet been accepted.
B．Better measures fr cnducting ecturism are a gd chice.
C．The envirnmental benefits frm ecturism are very bvius.
D．The psitive effects f prtecting turists haven’t yet been felt.
11．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T cause readers t fcus n plar bears.
B．T stimulate readers t reflect n ecturism.
C．T stress side effects that ecturism has caused.
D．T analyze the reasn why the plar bear was killed.
【答案】
8．C
9．A
10．B
11．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章以一只被射杀的北极熊引入生态旅游这个话题，作者认为生态旅游一方面会造成动物死亡，另一方面也有利于生态保护，生态旅游既带来好处又带来挑战，引发读者思考。
8．细节理解题。由第二段中的The bear’s death shuld never have happened. Was the beach examined frm the ship ffshre befrehand? Was there access t flares t scare ff a bear that appeared suddenly? These are standard measures fr any respected peratr. The incident is prbably the result f a terrible systemic failure.(熊的死本不该发生的。海滩是不是事先从船上检查过的？有没有办法用照明弹把突然出现的熊吓跑？这些是任何受人尊敬的运营商的标准措施。这一事件很可能是一次可怕的系统性失败的结果)可知，可能是没有遵循正确的程序，而导致北极熊被射杀。故选C项。
9．主旨大意题。由第三段中的Nevertheless, the incident shuld nt negate the value f ecturism. In its best frm, this kind f travel has very little impact, r indeed has a psitive effect, n the envirnment where it takes place.(然而，这一事件不应否定生态旅游的价值。以最好的形式，这种旅行对所发生的环境几乎没有影响，或者确实有积极的影响)可知，第三段主要讲生态旅游可以适当发展。故选A项。
10．词义猜测题。由最后一段Ecturism is expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges t the regins arund the wrld in which it perates. Simply clsing ff these regins is nt the answer.(生态旅游正在扩大市场，这给它所经营的世界各地带来了好处，也带来了挑战。仅仅关闭这些区域并不是解决之道)可知，生态旅游也有好的一面，关闭一些旅游区域不是问题解决之道，可得出实施生态旅游的更好措施是一个不错的选择。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。由第一段中的Des ur prximity t large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a desire fr exciting images, lead t such animals becming accustmed t human cntact? If that is the case, surely the lsing side will end up paying the ultimate price fr such prximity.(我们与野生大型动物的亲近，常常被对令人兴奋的图像的渴望所驱使，是否会导致这些动物习惯于与人接触？如果真是这样，输的一方肯定会为这样的接近付出最终的代价)及最后一段中的Ecturism is expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges t the regins arund the wrld in which it perates. Simply clsing ff these regins is nt the answer.(生态旅游正在扩大市场，这给它所经营的世界各地带来了好处，也带来了挑战。仅仅关闭这些区域并不是解决之道)可知，本文主要讲生态旅游出现的问题和好的一面，以激发读者对生态旅游的反思。故选B项。
4.（2020届广东省高考模拟 ）
An advance in electrnic publishing culd make the ebk yu are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers hpe t explre the grwing success f ebks by releasing versins with added sundtracks and musical accmpaniments.
The nises in the first multimedia bks- released in Britain n Friday - include rain hitting a windw in a Sherlck Hlmes tale. When the plt f a bk reaches the mst exciting part, backgrund scres will create tensin. In America, wrks by Shakespeare and Jane Austen have already been released with music and backgrund nise s that, fr example, readers can hear tea cups clinking in Mr. Darcy's garden as they read Pride and Prejudice.
Supprters argue that sund effects are the next lgical develpment fr ebks and will add excitement fr yunger readers. Critics, hwever, will argue that the nise will ruin the simple pleasure f having the imaginatin stimulated by reading.
Carline Michel, chief executive f the literary agency, said the new generatin f cmputer-literate readers was used t multiple sensry input. She said, “Yung peple have split cmputer screens where they may be watching televisin and replying t an email at the same time. If that's what the market wants then we shuld respnd t the market.”
Bktrack's sund effects wrk by estimating the user's reading speed. Each time yu “turn” a page, the sftware reassesses where yu have reached in the text and times the sunds t switch n accrdingly. If the sundtrack becmes ut f synch(同步), a click n any wrd will re-set it.
Sme authrs fear that a sundtrack culd destry the peace and quiet f libraries and ruin the pleasure f reading. David Nichlls, authr f One Day, the bestseller nw released as a film, said, “This sunds like the ppsite f reading. I have enugh truble reading an ebk because I’m cnstantly distracted by emails.”
Stuart MacBride, the crime writer whse nvel Shatter the Bnes was an ebk bestseller, sells 18% f his bks as electrnic dwnlads. He said, “If I’m reading, I will d the nise in my head. I dn't need smene t tell me what tea cups clinking sunds like. That wuld irritate me.”
12．What's the passage mainly abut?
A．Opinins abut ebks with sundtracks.
B．Respnse t the need f the bk market.
C．Reasns fr traditinal ebks becming utdated.
D．Suggestins n encuraging readers' imaginatin.
13．What d publishers expect an ebk sundtrack t d?
A．Help t release an ebk as a film.
B．Help readers imprve reading speed.
C．Add tensin at a bk's exciting pint.
D．Get readers familiar with the backgrund.
14．Wh is in favur f added sundtracks fr ebks?
A．Mr. Darcy.B．Carline Michel.
C．David Nichlls.D．Stuart MacBride.
15．What d we knw abut Stuart MacBride?
A．He was a persn wh was easy t get angry.
B．He knew a great deal abut tea and tea culture.
C．Eighty-tw percent f his bks described crime.
D．He imagined sunds related t the stry when reading.
【答案】
12．A
13．C
14．B
15．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章说明了出版商希望通过发行带有附加音轨和音乐伴奏版本的电子书，支持者认为，声音效果是电子书的下一个合乎逻辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，批评家会争辩说，噪音会破坏阅读所激发的想象的简单乐趣。文章介绍了不同的人对此的看法。
12．主旨大意题。根据第三段Supprters argue that sund effects are the next lgical develpment fr ebks and will add excitement fr yunger readers. Critics, hwever, will argue that the nise will ruin the simple pleasure f having the imaginatin stimulated by reading.可知支持者认为，声音效果是电子书的下一个合乎逻辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，批评家会争辩说，噪音会破坏阅读所激发的想象的简单乐趣。结合文章说明了出版商希望通过发行带有附加音轨和音乐伴奏版本的电子书，支持者认为，声音效果是电子书的下一个合乎逻辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，批评家会争辩说，噪音会破坏阅读所激发的想象的简单乐趣。文章介绍了不同的人对此的看法。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了对带有配乐的电子书的看法。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中When the plt f a bk reaches the mst exciting part, backgrund scres will create tensin.可知当书的情节发展到最激动人心的部分时，背景的得分会制造紧张感。由此可知，出版商希望一个电子书原声带在书中令人兴奋的地方增加紧张感。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中Carline Michel, chief executive f the literary agency, said the new generatin f cmputer-literate readers was used t multiple sensry input.可知这家文学机构的首席执行官Carline Michel表示，新一代懂电脑的读者习惯于多重感官输入。以及If that's what the market wants then we shuld respnd t the market.可知如果这是市场想要的，那么我们应该对市场作出反应。由此可推知，Carline Michel支持为电子书添加配乐。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中He said, “If I’m reading, I will d the nise in my head. I dn't need smene t tell me what tea cups clinking sunds like. That wuld irritate me.”可知他说：“如果我在看书，我会在脑子里制造响声。我不需要有人告诉我茶杯叮当的声音是什么样的。那会激怒我的。”由此可知，Stuart MacBride在阅读时想象与故事有关的声音。故选D。
5.（2020届广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试）
As we cntinue t explre farther ut int ur slar system and beynd, the questin f humans living n ther planets ften cmes up. Manned bases n the Mn r Mars fr example, have lng been a dream f many. There is a natural desire t explre as far as we can g, and als t extend humanity's presence n a permanent r at least semi-permanent basis. In rder t d this, hwever, it is necessary t adapt t different extreme envirnments. On the Mn fr example, a clny must be self-sustaining and prtect its inhabitants frm the airless, harsh envirnment utside.
Mars, thugh, is different. While future bases culd adapt t the Martian envirnment ver time there is als the pssibility f mdifying the surrunding envirnment instead f just c-existing with it. This is the prcess f terrafrming - adjusting Mars’ atmsphere and envirnment t make it mre Earth-like. But the bigger questin is, shuld we?
One f the main issues is whether Mars has any native life r nt and if it des, shuld it be preserved as much as pssible? If the answer is yes, then large-scale human settlements n Mars shuld be cmpletely ff-limits. Small clnics might be fine, but living n Mars shuld nt be at the expense f any native habitats, if they exist. If Mars is hme t any indigenus life, then terrafrming shuld be a nn-issue; it simply shuld nt be dne.
What if Mars is lifeless? Even if n life exists there, that untuched and unique alien envirnment needs t be preserved as it is as much as pssible. We’ve already dne t much damage here n ur wn planet. By studying Mars and ther planets and mns in their current natural state, we can learn s much abut their histry and als learn mre abut ur wn wrld. We shuld appreciate (he differences f ther wrlds instead f just transfrming them t suit ur wn ambitins.
8．What is the best title fr the text?
A．A Is there life n Mars?
B．Can we adapt t Mars?
C．Shuld we terrafrm Mars?
D．Are Mars and Earth S Different?
9．What des the authr think we shuld d if life is fund n Mars ?
A．Ensure that it's nt harmed.
B．Negtiate with the Martians.
C．Change the unppulated regins.
D．Assess the advantages and disadvantages.
10．What des the underlined wrd “indigenus” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Cmplex.B．Native.
C．Freign.D．Intelligent.
11．Hw des the authr develp his ideas in the text?
A．By referring t thers' research.
B．By evaluating different planets.
C．By justifying the benefits f terrafrming.
D．By arguing in supprt f ne viewpint.
【答案】
8．C
9．A
10．B
11．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了人类是否应该移民火星，在火星上大规模建造定居点这个问题。
8．主旨大意题。第一、二段提出问题：我们应该调整火星的大气和环境，使它更像地球吗? 第二段提出：首先要弄清楚火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，那么在火星上建造大规模人类定居点应该是完全禁止的。第三段提出：如果火星没有生命，也要尽可能地保护原始的、独特的外星环境。不能为了自己的野心而伤害火星。综上，文章主要回答了这个问题：人类是否应该移民火星，在火星上大规模建造定居点。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“living n Mars shuld nt be at the expense f any native habitats, if they exist”可知，如果火星上存在任何原生栖息地，生活在火星上就不应该以牺牲它们为代价。即：要保证火星生物不受伤害。故选A。
10．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“One f the main issues is whether Mars has any native life r nt and if it des, shuld it be preserved as much as pssible?... Small clnics might be fine, but living n Mars shuld nt be at the expense f any native habitats, if they exist. If Mars is hme t any indigenus life, then terrafrming shuld be a nn-issue; it simply shuld nt be dne”可知，该段第一句提出问题：火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，是否应该尽可能地保护? 然后下文回答，如果火星上存在任何原生栖息地，生活在火星上就不应该以牺牲它们为代价。由此推知，该画线词所表达的意思应为：如果火星是任何土著生命的家园，那么地球改造应该是一个不存在的问题：这根本不应该做。因此，画线词的意思应为“native”。故选B。
11．推理判断题。第一、二段提出问题：我们应该调整火星的大气和环境，使它更像地球吗? 第二段提出：首先要弄清楚火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，那么在火星上建造大规模人类定居点应该是完全禁止的。第三段提出：如果火星没有生命，也要尽可能地保护原始的、独特的外星环境。不能为了自己的野心而伤害火星。因此，本文主要通过论述来阐明一个观点：无论是否在火星上建造人类定居点，我们都不应该破坏火星的原始环境。其余选项，A（提到别人的研究）；B（评估不同的星球）；C（证明改造的好处）均未提到。故选D。
6.（2020届江西省抚州市高三教学质量监测）
Walking thrugh a lcal park recently, I saw a teenage by wearing a T-shirt that read: “Effrt wins ver talent. ” It reminded me f an idea I think abut ften, that if yu believe yu can learn new things and develp new skills, by wrking hard, yu are mre likely t achieve thse gals. This critical insight was brught up by Dr. Carl Dweck, a Stanfrd University psychlgist, as a “grwth mindset”.
Accrding t Dr. Dweck’s research, “talent is nt fixed.” Studies by Dweck and thers have shwn students wh have a fixed mindset see new learning experiences as a mment t be judged, nt an pprtunity t learn. This can make learning a painful struggle, leading many t give up. Students wh have a grwth mindset, n the ther hand, experience challenges as the way t learn and imprve. They see hard wrk as being abut learning. Overall, they learn and achieve at higher levels, even when they start ut at the same place as thse with fixed mindsets.
While Dweck identified grwth mindset mre than a decade ag, her insights were nt made up. They have since been backed up by brain science, made pssible by new technlgy that allws researchers t see images f the brain at wrk. Studies shw that, when a persn respnds t new and difficult material by engaging in a struggle t learn, the neurns in their brain grw.
Believing that yu can grw yur abilities thrugh effrt—that talent is nt fixed—is crucial(要的). As Dweck puts it in her TED talk, we need t fcus n shwing yung peple the "Pwer f Yet” meaning, I haven't learned this yet, r I'm nt gd at this yet.
Grwth mindset is an imprtant idea fr educatrs and schls, but it's als a pwerful tl that everyne can use t help themselves t learn and achieve at high levels.
12．What des the underlined wrd “insight” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Scenery.B．Research.
C．Questin.D．Idea.
13．Hw is paragraph 2 mainly develped?
A．By making cmparisns.B．By giving explanatins.
C．By listing examples.D．By describing details.
14．Which f the fllwing statements shws grwth mindset?
A．“Ww, yu are really gifted in maths.”B．“I just dn't understand it yet.”
C．“Yu are a clever student.”D．“My talents determine everything.”
15．What will the authr prbably discuss next?
A．Why t develp a better mindset.B．When t btain a better mindset.
C．Hw t apply the grwth mindset.D．Where t learn the grwth mindset.
【答案】
12．D
13．A
14．B
15．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过对比，论述了成长型思维的特点和好处。
12．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“It reminded me f an idea I think abut ften, if yu believe yu can learn new things and develp new skills, by wrking hard, yu are mre likely t achieve thse gals可知，作者经常思考一个想法：如果你相信通过努力工作，你可以学到新东西，发展新技能，你就更有可能实现这些目标。这是Dr. Carl Dweck提出的一个想法。因此，insight的意思是想法、领悟。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中n the ther hand前面的内容：students wh have a fixed mindset…和后面的内容：Students wh have a grwth mindset…可知，作者对比两种思维方式：固定型思维和成长型思维，因此，作者是通过作比较进行该段的写作。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Students wh have a grwth mindset, n the ther hand, experience challenges as the way t learn and imprve. They see hard wrk as being abut learning”可知，有成长心态的学生在学习和提高的过程中会遇到挑战。他们把努力工作看作是学习。根据第四段中的“Believing that yu can grw yur abilities thrugh effrt—that talent is nt fixed—is crucial(要的). As Dweck puts it in her TED talk, we need t fcus n shwing yung peple the "Pwer f Yet” meaning, I haven't learned this yet, r I'm nt gd at this yet.”可知，成长型思维相信自己可以通过努力来提高自己的能力—天赋不是固定的。因此我们需要集中精力向年轻人展示“专注过程而不是结果”，意思是，我还没学会这个，或者说我还不擅长这个。由此判断出，B选项（我只是还不明白）这属于成长型思维的人的想法。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Grwth mindset is an imprtant idea fr educatrs and schls, but it's als a pwerful tl that everyne can use t help themselves t learn and achieve at high levels.”可知，成长型思维对于教育工作者和学校来说是一个重要的概念，但它也是一个强大的工具，每个人都可以用它来帮助自己学习和达到高水平。既然成长型思维这么重要，那么下面的内容承接该段，应该讨论如何运用成长型思维。故选C。
“ We shw really strngly that， frm a bidiversity standpint in terms f species richness，indigenus － managed lands are at least cmparable t prtected areas， ” says bilgist Richard Schuster f Carletn University. And in sme places， they are better than parks and preserves －even thugh indigenus cmmunities may use their lands’ resurces by hunting r searching fr fd.
Schuster and his team analyzed mre than 15，000 areas in Australia， Brazil and Canada. They fund that the ttal diversity f wildlife was highest n lands either managed r c － managed by indigenus grups， while randmly selected areas with n frmal prtectin were the least bi－diverse. Fr threatened species in particular， indigenus lands scred slightly higher than prtected lands n verall species richness in Brazil and Canada， as well as higher fr threatened animals in Australia.
Each cuntry has a different gegraphy， climate and histry. Yet remarkably， Schuster says， the best indicatr fr species diversity is whether a given area was managed by an indigenus cmmunity. He pinted ut that practices such as sustainable（可持续的） hunting， fishing and searching， as well as burning， are mre likely t ccur in such areas. Dn Hankins， an eclgist at Califrnia State University，agrees. “ there’ s prbably ging t be mre f a cnnectin t the land， ” he says， “ and a use f the land fr the things that are there， cmpared t a natinal park. ”
“ It’ s really imprtant t listen t the peple wh live n the land and have them drive the stewardship effrts ging frward， ” Schuster says， adding that partnering with indigenus cmmunities may enable the wrld’ s cuntries t better meet a wide range f cnservatin gals： “ We really need all the help we can get as a glbal cmmunity t prevent species extinctin that we’ re facing right nw. ”
8．What des the underlined wrd “ indigenus” prbably mean in Paragraph 2？
A．Scial.B．Native.
C．Prtected.D．Threatened.
9．What did Richard Schuster find in his study？
A．Natinal parks are even higher in species diversity.
B．Indigenus cmmunities verhunted n their lands.
C．Sme preserves almst have n frmal prtectin.
D．Indigenus lands d better in keeping bi－diversity.
10．Which f the fllwing statements may Dn Hankins agree with？
A．Species diversity depends n gegraphical psitins.
B．Humans’ everyday activities are n lnger sustainable.
C．Indigenus grups have a clse bnd with their lands.
D．Prtected areas wrk perfectly in wildlife prtectin.
11．What is the text mainly abut？
A．Beating back extinctin.B．Dealing with envirnmental prblems.
C．Setting up nature reserves.D．Fighting against unsustainable behavirs.
【答案】
8．B
9．D
10．C
11．A
【解析】本文为议论文。文章主要论述了在阻止物种的灭绝的方法中，国家公园和野生动物保护区对物种的保护远不如当地组织的管理保护。
8．猜测词义题。第一段“Scientist， cnservatin rganizatins and gvernment trying t stp the trend f extinctin （灭绝） ften fcus n prtected areas such as natinal parks and wildlife preserves. But with as many as millin species（物种） at risk， this plan f actin may nt be enugh t cnserve wildlife.” 科学家、保护组织和政府试图阻止物种灭绝的趋势，往往把重点放在国家公园和野生动物保护区等保护区。但是，由于有多达百万种物种面临危险，这项行动计划可能不足以保护野生动物。由此可知这种国家公园和野生保护区有不足之处。第二段“A new study indicates the effectiveness f sme such appraches by examining sme lands managed by indigenus grups.” 一项新的研究表明，通过审查“indigenus grups”管理的一些方法是有效的。由此可知，这个管理是与前面“natinal parks and wildlife preserves.’国家管理是不同的，是相对的。结合第三段中的“even thugh indigenus cmmunities may use their lands’ resurces …”即使“indigenus”社区利用他们自己的土地。由此可推断出与国家保护区不同的是当地的组织管理。分析选项可知B中的native意为“当地的，本地的，土著的”符合题意，故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段“Schuster and his team analyzed mre than 15，000 areas in Australia， Brazil and Canada. They fund that the ttal diversity f wildlife was highest n lands either managed r c － managed by indigenus grups，while randmly selected areas with n frmal prtectin were the least bi－diverse. Fr threatened species in particular， indigenus lands scred slightly higher than prtected lands n verall species richness in Brazil and Canada， as well as higher fr threatened animals in Australia.”可知，Richard Schuster的团队分析了澳大利亚、巴西和加拿大的15000多个地区。他们发现，在由当地组织管理或共同管理的土地上，野生动物的多样性最高，而随机选择的没有正式保护的区域的生物多样性最低。特别是濒危的物种，在巴西和加拿大，本地管理的土地的物种丰富度略高于受保护 土地，在澳大利亚，濒危的物种丰富度也高于受保护土地。由此可推断出当地的保护在保持生物多样性方面做得更好。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段Dn Hankins， an eclgist at Califrnia State University，agrees. “ there’ s prbably ging t be mre f a cnnectin t the land，...， cmpared t a natinal park. ” 他说:“与国家公园相比，（当地组织管理）可能会更多地与土地建立联系…。”由此可推断出C项（土著群体与他们的土地有着密切的联系）符合题意，故选C。
11．主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨“Scientist， cnservatin rganizatins and gvernment trying t stp the trend f extinctin”。 科学家、保护组织和政府试图阻止物种灭绝的趋势。接着文章叙述了保护物种灭绝的重点只放在国家公园和野生动物保护区等保护区不足以保护野生动物。于是从第二段提出了一种新的方法—当地组织的管理来阻止物种的灭绝。由此可推断出本文主要讲述有效地与物种的灭绝作斗争，即击退物种的灭绝。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。
2.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检） I grew up in a Midwestern twn where the ppular wisdm was t nly talk abut what was pleasant and t keep secrets， if necessary， t make that happen.
This meant staying mum when smene ffended yu， rarely expressing unpleasant feelings and smiling slightly mre than is necessary. It als meant zer rm fr airing any srt f dirty laundry，especially nt the kinds f persnal secrets that keep peple up.
Many f us like t believe that hiding unpleasant truths might make them eventually g away. Instead， keeping secrets— especially heavy nes— can spin an even mre cmplicated web f lneliness and deceptin（欺骗） . S why d we d it？
The truth can hurt. But in many situatins， it’ s better t get it ut and let the recvery start， rather than allwing it t be mre harmful.
The burden f hlding in the truth desn’ t just disappear. It hides in the back f yur mind and can cause disrder t yur life and health.
“ If the situatins in yur daily life are regular reminders f the secret， and yu find it stressful t keep it， then yes， it can have emtinal（感情上的） and physical cnsequences， ” says Dr. Dean McKay.
“ Sme peple als find keeping secrets stressful ut f a general cncern they will ‘ slip’ ， and this frequent thught f the secret can in itself be stressful. ”
This difficulty is especially wrse if yu feel trapped by the secret， r if it brings up ther unpleasant feelings like guilt， shame r anxiety.
If yu d decide that yur secrets tk yur jy away and wuld be better ff being let ut int the wrld， and if that secret desn’ t put ther peple in physical danger， there are healthy ways t share it.
12．What is cnsidered wise fr mst peple in the Midwestern twn？
A．Expressing feelings freely.B．Keeping unpleasant truths secret.
C．Answering vilence with vilence.D．Sharing private matters with friends.
13．What is a suggested way t deal with the unpleasant situatins？
A．T hide yur feelings.B．T tell a white lie.
C．T make n respnse.D．T expse the truth.
14．What can be inferred abut secrets in the text？
A．They are bad fr yur health.B．They are hardly accepted by peple.
C．They bring up mre psitive feelings.D．They help prevent disrder in yur life.
15．What will prbably be talked abut in the paragraph that fllws？
A．Reasns fr hlding secrets.B．Ways t share secrets.
C．Dubts abut breaking secrets.D．Tips n keeping secrets.
【答案】
12．B
13．D
14．A
15．B
【解析】本文为议论文。文章主要论述了隐藏真相，保守秘密对人是有害的。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“…the ppular wisdm was t nly talk abut what was pleasant and t keep secrets， if necessary， t make that happen.” 那里的人们普遍认为，只谈论令人愉快的事情，如果有必要的话，保守秘密，这是明智的做法。由此可推断出，B项（不说出令人不快的真相）符合题意，故选B。
13．细节理解题。第四段“The truth can hurt. But in many situatins， it’s better t get it ut and let the recvery start, rather than allwing it t be mre harmful.” 真相会伤害你。但在很多情况下，最好是把它释放出来，恢复痊愈，而不是让它更有害。由此可知，此处的建议就是把令人不快的真相暴露出来，故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段“It hides in the back f yur mind and can cause disrder t yur life and health.” 它隐藏在你的内心深处，会给你的生活和健康带来混乱。第六段“If the situatins in yur daily life are regular reminders f the secret， and yu find it stressful t keep it， then yes， it can have emtinal（感情上的） and physical cnsequences，” says Dr. Dean McKay. 如果你日常生活中的情况经常提醒你这个秘密，而你觉得保守它很有压力，那么是的，它可能会影响你的身心。”第七段“ Sme peple als find keeping secrets stressful ut f a general cncern they will ‘ slip’ ，and this frequent thught f the secret can in itself be stressful. ” 一些人还发现保守秘密会让他们感到压力，因为他们担心自己会出错，而这种频繁地想到秘密的想法本身就会让他们感到压力。第八段This difficulty is especially wrse if yu feel trapped by the secret， r if it brings up ther unpleasant feelings like guilt， shame r anxiety. 如果你觉得被这个秘密困住了，或者它带来了其他不愉快的感觉，比如内疚、羞愧或焦虑，那么这种困难就会变得更糟。最后一段的第一句 “yur secrets tk yur jy away and wuld be better ff being let ut int the wrld” 你的秘密带走了你的快乐。由此可推断出保守秘密对你的健康有害。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“if that secret desn’t put ther peple in physical danger， there are healthy ways t share it.” 如果这个秘密不会让其他人有身体上的危险，有一些健康的方法来分享它。可以推断出下文会谈论分享秘密的健康的方法。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。
3.（2020届福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测） Lk! A plar bear is lying lifeless n a beach. On the shre, in the backgrund, stand three guards, talking t each ther. One f them has a deadly weapn hanging casually n his shulder. This pwerful image has thrwn int questin the mtivatin fr this kind f turism, r ecturism. Des ur prximity (接近) t large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a desire fr exciting images, lead t such animals becming accustmed t human cntact? If that is the case, surely the lsing side will end up paying the ultimate price fr such prximity.
T my srrw, I have recently returned frm a trip t Svalbard, and indeed std tw weeks ag n the very beach where the bear was sht. The bear’s death shuld never have happened. Was the beach examined frm the ship ffshre befrehand? Was there access t flares (照明弹) t scare ff a bear that appeared suddenly? These are standard measures fr any respected peratr. The incident is prbably the result f a terrible systemic failure.
Nevertheless, the incident shuld nt negate the value f ecturism. In its best frm, this kind f travel has very little impact, r indeed has a psitive effect, n the envirnment where it takes place. This can be by making financial dnatins t cnservatin grups, prviding incme t lcal cmmunities, r ensuring prtectin f certain areas r animals. In Svalbard, visitrs becme ambassadrs fr the endangered plar bear, increasing awareness f the fact that the far greater danger facing them is sea-ice melt in the Arctic Ocean.
Ecturism is expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges t the regins arund the wrld in which it perates. Simply clsing ff these regins is nt the answer.
8．Why was the plar bear dead?
A．It was prbably hunt fr its fur by turists.
B．It was prbably frightened t death by flares.
C．The prper prcedures weren’t prbably fllwed.
D．The beach wasn’t prbably equipped with safety devices.
9．What is the third paragragh mainly abut?
A．Ecturism culd be develped prperly.
B．Financial awareness has greatly advcated.
C．Envirnmental awareness has greatly increased.
D．Visitrs have a guilty cnscience abut ecturism.
10．What des the underlined sentence in the last paragragh suggest?
A．Mre challenges frm guards haven’t yet been accepted.
B．Better measures fr cnducting ecturism are a gd chice.
C．The envirnmental benefits frm ecturism are very bvius.
D．The psitive effects f prtecting turists haven’t yet been felt.
11．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T cause readers t fcus n plar bears.
B．T stimulate readers t reflect n ecturism.
C．T stress side effects that ecturism has caused.
D．T analyze the reasn why the plar bear was killed.
【答案】
8．C
9．A
10．B
11．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章以一只被射杀的北极熊引入生态旅游这个话题，作者认为生态旅游一方面会造成动物死亡，另一方面也有利于生态保护，生态旅游既带来好处又带来挑战，引发读者思考。
8．细节理解题。由第二段中的The bear’s death shuld never have happened. Was the beach examined frm the ship ffshre befrehand? Was there access t flares t scare ff a bear that appeared suddenly? These are standard measures fr any respected peratr. The incident is prbably the result f a terrible systemic failure.(熊的死本不该发生的。海滩是不是事先从船上检查过的？有没有办法用照明弹把突然出现的熊吓跑？这些是任何受人尊敬的运营商的标准措施。这一事件很可能是一次可怕的系统性失败的结果)可知，可能是没有遵循正确的程序，而导致北极熊被射杀。故选C项。
9．主旨大意题。由第三段中的Nevertheless, the incident shuld nt negate the value f ecturism. In its best frm, this kind f travel has very little impact, r indeed has a psitive effect, n the envirnment where it takes place.(然而，这一事件不应否定生态旅游的价值。以最好的形式，这种旅行对所发生的环境几乎没有影响，或者确实有积极的影响)可知，第三段主要讲生态旅游可以适当发展。故选A项。
10．词义猜测题。由最后一段Ecturism is expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges t the regins arund the wrld in which it perates. Simply clsing ff these regins is nt the answer.(生态旅游正在扩大市场，这给它所经营的世界各地带来了好处，也带来了挑战。仅仅关闭这些区域并不是解决之道)可知，生态旅游也有好的一面，关闭一些旅游区域不是问题解决之道，可得出实施生态旅游的更好措施是一个不错的选择。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。由第一段中的Des ur prximity t large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a desire fr exciting images, lead t such animals becming accustmed t human cntact? If that is the case, surely the lsing side will end up paying the ultimate price fr such prximity.(我们与野生大型动物的亲近，常常被对令人兴奋的图像的渴望所驱使，是否会导致这些动物习惯于与人接触？如果真是这样，输的一方肯定会为这样的接近付出最终的代价)及最后一段中的Ecturism is expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges t the regins arund the wrld in which it perates. Simply clsing ff these regins is nt the answer.(生态旅游正在扩大市场，这给它所经营的世界各地带来了好处，也带来了挑战。仅仅关闭这些区域并不是解决之道)可知，本文主要讲生态旅游出现的问题和好的一面，以激发读者对生态旅游的反思。故选B项。
4.（2020届广东省高考模拟 ）
An advance in electrnic publishing culd make the ebk yu are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers hpe t explre the grwing success f ebks by releasing versins with added sundtracks and musical accmpaniments.
The nises in the first multimedia bks- released in Britain n Friday - include rain hitting a windw in a Sherlck Hlmes tale. When the plt f a bk reaches the mst exciting part, backgrund scres will create tensin. In America, wrks by Shakespeare and Jane Austen have already been released with music and backgrund nise s that, fr example, readers can hear tea cups clinking in Mr. Darcy's garden as they read Pride and Prejudice.
Supprters argue that sund effects are the next lgical develpment fr ebks and will add excitement fr yunger readers. Critics, hwever, will argue that the nise will ruin the simple pleasure f having the imaginatin stimulated by reading.
Carline Michel, chief executive f the literary agency, said the new generatin f cmputer-literate readers was used t multiple sensry input. She said, “Yung peple have split cmputer screens where they may be watching televisin and replying t an email at the same time. If that's what the market wants then we shuld respnd t the market.”
Bktrack's sund effects wrk by estimating the user's reading speed. Each time yu “turn” a page, the sftware reassesses where yu have reached in the text and times the sunds t switch n accrdingly. If the sundtrack becmes ut f synch(同步), a click n any wrd will re-set it.
Sme authrs fear that a sundtrack culd destry the peace and quiet f libraries and ruin the pleasure f reading. David Nichlls, authr f One Day, the bestseller nw released as a film, said, “This sunds like the ppsite f reading. I have enugh truble reading an ebk because I’m cnstantly distracted by emails.”
Stuart MacBride, the crime writer whse nvel Shatter the Bnes was an ebk bestseller, sells 18% f his bks as electrnic dwnlads. He said, “If I’m reading, I will d the nise in my head. I dn't need smene t tell me what tea cups clinking sunds like. That wuld irritate me.”
12．What's the passage mainly abut?
A．Opinins abut ebks with sundtracks.
B．Respnse t the need f the bk market.
C．Reasns fr traditinal ebks becming utdated.
D．Suggestins n encuraging readers' imaginatin.
13．What d publishers expect an ebk sundtrack t d?
A．Help t release an ebk as a film.
B．Help readers imprve reading speed.
C．Add tensin at a bk's exciting pint.
D．Get readers familiar with the backgrund.
14．Wh is in favur f added sundtracks fr ebks?
A．Mr. Darcy.B．Carline Michel.
C．David Nichlls.D．Stuart MacBride.
15．What d we knw abut Stuart MacBride?
A．He was a persn wh was easy t get angry.
B．He knew a great deal abut tea and tea culture.
C．Eighty-tw percent f his bks described crime.
D．He imagined sunds related t the stry when reading.
【答案】
12．A
13．C
14．B
15．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章说明了出版商希望通过发行带有附加音轨和音乐伴奏版本的电子书，支持者认为，声音效果是电子书的下一个合乎逻辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，批评家会争辩说，噪音会破坏阅读所激发的想象的简单乐趣。文章介绍了不同的人对此的看法。
12．主旨大意题。根据第三段Supprters argue that sund effects are the next lgical develpment fr ebks and will add excitement fr yunger readers. Critics, hwever, will argue that the nise will ruin the simple pleasure f having the imaginatin stimulated by reading.可知支持者认为，声音效果是电子书的下一个合乎逻辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，批评家会争辩说，噪音会破坏阅读所激发的想象的简单乐趣。结合文章说明了出版商希望通过发行带有附加音轨和音乐伴奏版本的电子书，支持者认为，声音效果是电子书的下一个合乎逻辑的发展，并将增加年轻读者的兴奋。然而，批评家会争辩说，噪音会破坏阅读所激发的想象的简单乐趣。文章介绍了不同的人对此的看法。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了对带有配乐的电子书的看法。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中When the plt f a bk reaches the mst exciting part, backgrund scres will create tensin.可知当书的情节发展到最激动人心的部分时，背景的得分会制造紧张感。由此可知，出版商希望一个电子书原声带在书中令人兴奋的地方增加紧张感。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中Carline Michel, chief executive f the literary agency, said the new generatin f cmputer-literate readers was used t multiple sensry input.可知这家文学机构的首席执行官Carline Michel表示，新一代懂电脑的读者习惯于多重感官输入。以及If that's what the market wants then we shuld respnd t the market.可知如果这是市场想要的，那么我们应该对市场作出反应。由此可推知，Carline Michel支持为电子书添加配乐。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中He said, “If I’m reading, I will d the nise in my head. I dn't need smene t tell me what tea cups clinking sunds like. That wuld irritate me.”可知他说：“如果我在看书，我会在脑子里制造响声。我不需要有人告诉我茶杯叮当的声音是什么样的。那会激怒我的。”由此可知，Stuart MacBride在阅读时想象与故事有关的声音。故选D。
5.（2020届广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试）
As we cntinue t explre farther ut int ur slar system and beynd, the questin f humans living n ther planets ften cmes up. Manned bases n the Mn r Mars fr example, have lng been a dream f many. There is a natural desire t explre as far as we can g, and als t extend humanity's presence n a permanent r at least semi-permanent basis. In rder t d this, hwever, it is necessary t adapt t different extreme envirnments. On the Mn fr example, a clny must be self-sustaining and prtect its inhabitants frm the airless, harsh envirnment utside.
Mars, thugh, is different. While future bases culd adapt t the Martian envirnment ver time there is als the pssibility f mdifying the surrunding envirnment instead f just c-existing with it. This is the prcess f terrafrming - adjusting Mars’ atmsphere and envirnment t make it mre Earth-like. But the bigger questin is, shuld we?
One f the main issues is whether Mars has any native life r nt and if it des, shuld it be preserved as much as pssible? If the answer is yes, then large-scale human settlements n Mars shuld be cmpletely ff-limits. Small clnics might be fine, but living n Mars shuld nt be at the expense f any native habitats, if they exist. If Mars is hme t any indigenus life, then terrafrming shuld be a nn-issue; it simply shuld nt be dne.
What if Mars is lifeless? Even if n life exists there, that untuched and unique alien envirnment needs t be preserved as it is as much as pssible. We’ve already dne t much damage here n ur wn planet. By studying Mars and ther planets and mns in their current natural state, we can learn s much abut their histry and als learn mre abut ur wn wrld. We shuld appreciate (he differences f ther wrlds instead f just transfrming them t suit ur wn ambitins.
8．What is the best title fr the text?
A．A Is there life n Mars?
B．Can we adapt t Mars?
C．Shuld we terrafrm Mars?
D．Are Mars and Earth S Different?
9．What des the authr think we shuld d if life is fund n Mars ?
A．Ensure that it's nt harmed.
B．Negtiate with the Martians.
C．Change the unppulated regins.
D．Assess the advantages and disadvantages.
10．What des the underlined wrd “indigenus” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Cmplex.B．Native.
C．Freign.D．Intelligent.
11．Hw des the authr develp his ideas in the text?
A．By referring t thers' research.
B．By evaluating different planets.
C．By justifying the benefits f terrafrming.
D．By arguing in supprt f ne viewpint.
【答案】
8．C
9．A
10．B
11．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了人类是否应该移民火星，在火星上大规模建造定居点这个问题。
8．主旨大意题。第一、二段提出问题：我们应该调整火星的大气和环境，使它更像地球吗? 第二段提出：首先要弄清楚火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，那么在火星上建造大规模人类定居点应该是完全禁止的。第三段提出：如果火星没有生命，也要尽可能地保护原始的、独特的外星环境。不能为了自己的野心而伤害火星。综上，文章主要回答了这个问题：人类是否应该移民火星，在火星上大规模建造定居点。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“living n Mars shuld nt be at the expense f any native habitats, if they exist”可知，如果火星上存在任何原生栖息地，生活在火星上就不应该以牺牲它们为代价。即：要保证火星生物不受伤害。故选A。
10．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“One f the main issues is whether Mars has any native life r nt and if it des, shuld it be preserved as much as pssible?... Small clnics might be fine, but living n Mars shuld nt be at the expense f any native habitats, if they exist. If Mars is hme t any indigenus life, then terrafrming shuld be a nn-issue; it simply shuld nt be dne”可知，该段第一句提出问题：火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，是否应该尽可能地保护? 然后下文回答，如果火星上存在任何原生栖息地，生活在火星上就不应该以牺牲它们为代价。由此推知，该画线词所表达的意思应为：如果火星是任何土著生命的家园，那么地球改造应该是一个不存在的问题：这根本不应该做。因此，画线词的意思应为“native”。故选B。
11．推理判断题。第一、二段提出问题：我们应该调整火星的大气和环境，使它更像地球吗? 第二段提出：首先要弄清楚火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，那么在火星上建造大规模人类定居点应该是完全禁止的。第三段提出：如果火星没有生命，也要尽可能地保护原始的、独特的外星环境。不能为了自己的野心而伤害火星。因此，本文主要通过论述来阐明一个观点：无论是否在火星上建造人类定居点，我们都不应该破坏火星的原始环境。其余选项，A（提到别人的研究）；B（评估不同的星球）；C（证明改造的好处）均未提到。故选D。
6.（2020届江西省抚州市高三教学质量监测）
Walking thrugh a lcal park recently, I saw a teenage by wearing a T-shirt that read: “Effrt wins ver talent. ” It reminded me f an idea I think abut ften, that if yu believe yu can learn new things and develp new skills, by wrking hard, yu are mre likely t achieve thse gals. This critical insight was brught up by Dr. Carl Dweck, a Stanfrd University psychlgist, as a “grwth mindset”.
Accrding t Dr. Dweck’s research, “talent is nt fixed.” Studies by Dweck and thers have shwn students wh have a fixed mindset see new learning experiences as a mment t be judged, nt an pprtunity t learn. This can make learning a painful struggle, leading many t give up. Students wh have a grwth mindset, n the ther hand, experience challenges as the way t learn and imprve. They see hard wrk as being abut learning. Overall, they learn and achieve at higher levels, even when they start ut at the same place as thse with fixed mindsets.
While Dweck identified grwth mindset mre than a decade ag, her insights were nt made up. They have since been backed up by brain science, made pssible by new technlgy that allws researchers t see images f the brain at wrk. Studies shw that, when a persn respnds t new and difficult material by engaging in a struggle t learn, the neurns in their brain grw.
Believing that yu can grw yur abilities thrugh effrt—that talent is nt fixed—is crucial(要的). As Dweck puts it in her TED talk, we need t fcus n shwing yung peple the "Pwer f Yet” meaning, I haven't learned this yet, r I'm nt gd at this yet.
Grwth mindset is an imprtant idea fr educatrs and schls, but it's als a pwerful tl that everyne can use t help themselves t learn and achieve at high levels.
12．What des the underlined wrd “insight” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Scenery.B．Research.
C．Questin.D．Idea.
13．Hw is paragraph 2 mainly develped?
A．By making cmparisns.B．By giving explanatins.
C．By listing examples.D．By describing details.
14．Which f the fllwing statements shws grwth mindset?
A．“Ww, yu are really gifted in maths.”B．“I just dn't understand it yet.”
C．“Yu are a clever student.”D．“My talents determine everything.”
15．What will the authr prbably discuss next?
A．Why t develp a better mindset.B．When t btain a better mindset.
C．Hw t apply the grwth mindset.D．Where t learn the grwth mindset.
【答案】
12．D
13．A
14．B
15．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过对比，论述了成长型思维的特点和好处。
12．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“It reminded me f an idea I think abut ften, if yu believe yu can learn new things and develp new skills, by wrking hard, yu are mre likely t achieve thse gals可知，作者经常思考一个想法：如果你相信通过努力工作，你可以学到新东西，发展新技能，你就更有可能实现这些目标。这是Dr. Carl Dweck提出的一个想法。因此，insight的意思是想法、领悟。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中n the ther hand前面的内容：students wh have a fixed mindset…和后面的内容：Students wh have a grwth mindset…可知，作者对比两种思维方式：固定型思维和成长型思维，因此，作者是通过作比较进行该段的写作。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Students wh have a grwth mindset, n the ther hand, experience challenges as the way t learn and imprve. They see hard wrk as being abut learning”可知，有成长心态的学生在学习和提高的过程中会遇到挑战。他们把努力工作看作是学习。根据第四段中的“Believing that yu can grw yur abilities thrugh effrt—that talent is nt fixed—is crucial(要的). As Dweck puts it in her TED talk, we need t fcus n shwing yung peple the "Pwer f Yet” meaning, I haven't learned this yet, r I'm nt gd at this yet.”可知，成长型思维相信自己可以通过努力来提高自己的能力—天赋不是固定的。因此我们需要集中精力向年轻人展示“专注过程而不是结果”，意思是，我还没学会这个，或者说我还不擅长这个。由此判断出，B选项（我只是还不明白）这属于成长型思维的人的想法。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Grwth mindset is an imprtant idea fr educatrs and schls, but it's als a pwerful tl that everyne can use t help themselves t learn and achieve at high levels.”可知，成长型思维对于教育工作者和学校来说是一个重要的概念，但它也是一个强大的工具，每个人都可以用它来帮助自己学习和达到高水平。既然成长型思维这么重要，那么下面的内容承接该段，应该讨论如何运用成长型思维。故选C。
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