高考英语模拟题汇编专题09 语法填空之说明文一（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

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专题09 语法填空之说明文
1.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）
阅读下面短文,在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With a population of 602 ,000 , Luxembourg is one of the richest and smallest_ 41．( country) in Europe ,yet it suffers from major traffic jams.
Taking up 2, 586 square kilometers, Luxembourg is roughly the size of Rhode Island. From the capital of Luxembourg City , Belgium, France and Germany can all42．( reach) by car in half an hour. High housing costs， especially in Luxembourg City , mean more than 180 ,000 of its workforce commute( 通勒) from those neighboring nations every day. Luxembourg is a very43．( attract) place for jobs,44．its “booming economy" and high concentration of jobs have led to congestion(拥塞) issues. In 2016 , Luxembourg had 662 cars per 1 ,000 people, and 45．( drive) is a “primary means of transportation ”for commuters. That year , drivers in Luxembourg City 46．(spend) an average of 33 hours in traffic. It fared 47． ( bad) than European cities Copenhagen and Helsinki , which have comparable population sizes to all of Luxembourg, yet it only took drivers in both an average of 24 hours in traffic.
But that could be about to change.48．country at this very moment is in really good shape , thus the government wants the people to benefit 49． the good economy. As of March 1 ,2020 all public transport——trains, trams and buses- -in the country is now free,50．( make) it the first free public transport country in the world. The government hopes the move will alleviate heavy congestion and bring environmental benefits.
【答案】
41．countries
42．be reached
43．attractive
44．but
45．driving
46．spent
47．worse
48．The
49．from
50．making
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为缓解日益加剧的交通拥挤问题，卢森堡成为全球首个乘坐公共交通免费的国家。
41．考查名词。句意：卢森堡是欧洲最富有和最小的国家之一。因one of +the+最高级+可数名词复数，……中最……之一，故填countries。
42．考查被动语态。句意：从卢森堡首都出发，比利时、法国和德国都可以在半小时内驱车到达。主语Belgium, France and Germany和动词reach之间是动宾关系，并且can之后加动词原形，故填be reached。
43．考查形容词。此处attract修饰place，故变成形容词作定语，故填attractive。
44．考查连词。句意：卢森堡是一个非常吸引人的工作地方，但是它的“经济繁荣”和高度集中的工作导致了拥堵的问题。根据句意可知，前后两句话是转折关系，故填but。
45．考查动名词。句意：对于通勤者来说，开车是主要的交通方式。此句中动名词作主语，故填driving。
46．考查一般过去时。句意：那一年，卢森堡市的司机在交通上平均花费33小时。根据that year可知，本句应为一般过去时，且主语drivers和spend之间为主动关系，故填spent。
47．考查比较级。根据句中than可知，此处为比较级，故填worse。
48．考查冠词。分析句子可知，名词country表特指，指代Luxembourg，前面要加定冠词，故填The。
49．考查固定搭配。benefit from…，从……中获益，为固定搭配，故填from。
50．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，make在句中作非谓语动词，主语all public transport——trains, trams and buses- -in the country与动词make之间是主动关系，所以此处是现在分词making作结果状语，故填making。
2.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Researchers examined the benefits of singing among people with mental health conditions 41． (include) anxiety and depression.
They found people who took part in a community singing group improved their mental health and that the combination of singing and socialising was an important part of 42． (recover).
The grassroots action runs weekly singing workshops for the people 43． mental health conditions as well as the general public. It 44． (original) began at a hospital in 2005, 45． afterwards moved into the community. Around 120 people now attend four free workshops each week across Norfolk, two thirds of 46． have had contact with mental health services.
The research project followed the group for six months and 47． (undertake) interviews and focus groups with participants, organisers, and workshop 48． (leader).
The report shows how singing and socialising gave participants 49． feeling of belonging and wellbeing that often lasted a day or 50． (many), as well as improved social skills and confidence.

【答案】
41．including
42．recovery
43．with
44．originally
45．but
46．whom
47．undertook
48．leaders
49．a
50．more
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员调查了患有焦虑和抑郁等精神疾病的人唱歌的好处。他们发现，参加社区歌唱小组的人心理健康状况有所改善。
41．考查非谓语动词。本句已经存在谓语且句中没有连词，故include只能做非谓语，表示“包括；包含”与mental health conditions 在 逻 辑 上 是 主 动 关 系。 故填including。
42．考查名词。句意：他们发现，参加社区歌唱小组的人心理健康状况有所改善，歌唱和社交活动的结合是康复的重要组成部分。of为介词后接名词，此处表示“康复；恢复”需要名词形式。故填recovery。
43．考查介词。根据第一段第一句among people with mental health conditions可知，表示“有精神健康问题的人”。故填with。
44．考查副词。begin为动词，需要副词修饰，故填originally。
45．考查连词。句意：它最初是2005年在一家医院开始的，但后来搬到了社区。根据上下文句意可知，上下句为转折关系，故填but。
46．考查关系代词。句意：目前，诺福克郡每周约有120人参加四次免费研讨会，其中三分之二的人曾接触过精神卫生服务。本句为定语从句修饰先行词120 people且先行词做介词of的宾语，指人，故填whom。
47．考查动词时态。句意：该研究项目跟踪该小组6个月，并与参与者、组织者和研讨会负责人进行了访谈和焦点小组讨论。本句为与followed由and连接的并列谓语，故也应用一般过去时，填undertook。
48．考查名词的数。leader为可数名词，且根据上文participants, organisers可知应用复数形式，故填leaders。
49．考查冠词。feeling为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一种感觉”，且feeling首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
50．考查形容词比较级。分析句意“持续了一天或更长时间”可知，应用形容词比较级，填more。
3.（2020届河北衡水中学高三调研）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are over 2,000 different kinds of tea in the world. The huge number of teas can 41． (divide) into six types: green tea, black tea, white tea, oolong tea, yellow tea and dark tea.
A kind of tea that has 42． (recent) grown in popularity worldwide is green tea. There are several reasons why green tea has become popular. One of the reasons is that it has 43． (little) caffeine than black tea and has a nicer flavor.
China was the first country 44． (drink) green tea more than 4,000 years ago 45． it still enjoys popularity there today. There are many different kinds of green tea in China. The most famous Chinese tea, 46． (call) Longjing tea, comes from Zhejiang Province. Fujian Province is also famous 47． growing tea.
People have believed for 48． long time that green tea has positive effects on our heath. Scientists have studied green tea’s effetcs on weight loss, cancer, and heart disease. The 49． (result) of these studies have shown that green tea might treat or prevent these diseases.
50． you believe that it can cure your diseases or not, green tea is popular and continues to be popular in the future.
【答案】
41．be divided
42．recently
43．less
44．to drink
45．and
46．called
47．for
48．a
49．results
50．Whether
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些著名的茶的种类，其中包括中国的龙井茶、绿茶等。绿茶也因其较少的咖啡因含量和对一些疾病有治疗效果，也深受人们的喜爱。
41．考查被动语态。句意：世界上有2000多种茶。这些茶可以被分为六种类型：绿茶、红茶、白茶、乌龙茶、黄茶和黑茶。分析句子可知，the huge number of teas与divide之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此需使用被动语态，且在情态动词后，be动词要使用原形。故填be divided。
42．考查副词。句意：最近一种在全世界都很流行的茶是绿茶。分析句子可知，应使用副词修饰动词grown，故填recently。
43．考查形容词比较级。句意：其中的一个原因是它的咖啡因比红茶少，且味道也更好。分析句子可知，than是形容词比较级的标志，因此little要使用比较级。故填less。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是四千多年前第一个喝绿茶的国家，今天绿茶的大众化程度依然很高。 the first...to do sth.”，意为“第一个做……”，序数词修饰名词用不定式作后置定语，故填to drink。
45．考查连词。句意：中国是四千多年前第一个喝绿茶的国家，今天绿茶的大众化程度依然很高。分析句子可知，前后两个句子之间是并列关系，故填and。
46．考查非谓语。句意：中国最著名的茶是来自浙江省的龙井茶。分析句子可知，the most famous Chinese tea与动词call之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此需使用过去分词表被动。故填called。
47．考查介词。句意：福建省也是以茶叶种植而闻名。分析句子可知，此处为固定词组“be famous for”，意为“以…...而闻名”，故填for。
48．考查不定冠词。句意：长期以来，人们一直认为绿茶对我们的健康有着积极的影响。分析句子可知，此处为固定词组“for a long time”，意为“长时间；长期以来”。故填a。
49．考查名词复数。句意：这些研究结果表明，绿茶可以治疗或预防这些疾病。分析句子可知，该句中的谓语及指示代词都使用了复数形式，为保持主谓一致，空处需填其复数形式。故填results。
50．考查固定搭配。句意：不管你是否相信它是否能治愈你的疾病，绿茶都是很受欢迎的，而且将会一直受欢迎。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配“whether…or not”，意为“无论；是否；是不是”，故填whether。
4.（2020届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whales have been facing serious danger for a long time.
First, due 41． the greenhouse effect, glaciers are melting, and some living creatures in the Antarctic and the Arctic 42． (be) on the edge of extinction. With global warming, life in other parts of the ocean has also been seriously affected, whales 43． (include).
Secondly, whaling activity is another killer. Historically, whaling has been popular in some overseas countries, such as England, Japan and Norway. On the one hand, some people’s desire for money can’t 44． (meet) easily, and they regard whales as a money-making machine. A kilogram of whale meat can fetch about $100 in Japan. On 45． other hand, advanced technology has increased the efficiency of whaling and 46． (great) reduced the number of whales. What’s more, some countries are still on whaling in the name of science, 47． (seem) curious about this creature.
The fact 48． whales are on the edge of extinction is alarming us. Some 49． (organize) have begun working hard to save them. The international community has made a strategy against commercial whaling. In my opinion, governments should also make tough laws 50． (protect) whales.
【答案】
41．to
42．are
43．included
44．be met
45．the
46．greatly
47．seeming
48．that
49．organizations/ organisations
50．to protect
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鲸鱼长期以来面临灭绝的主要原因，以及国际组织对这一问题的重视。
41．考查固定搭配。due to是固定搭配，意为“因为、由于”。故填to。
42．考查主谓一致。本文讲事实，时态以一般现在时为主，some living creatures是主语，所以谓语该用are。故填are。
43．考查过去分词。included在表示“包括……在内”时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，即sb./sth. included，做名词的后置定语，所以用过去分词included。故填included。
44．考查语态。分析句子可知，此处缺乏谓语动词，主语some people’s desire for money与meet是被动关系（be done），所以该用被动语态。故填be met。
45．考查固定搭配。on the other hand是固定搭配，意为“另一方面”。故填the。
46．考查副词。great要修饰动词reduced，副词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。故填greatly。
47．考查现在分词。该句已有谓语动词are，此空前又没有连词，可知此处该填现在分词（doing），动词seem和主语some countries是主动关系，所以用现在分词做伴随状语。故填seeming。
48．考查同位语从句引导词。that引导同位语从句，that在从句不作成分，无实意。故填that。
49．考查名词。此句中缺主语，且主语前有some所修饰，应使用可数名词复数形式。故填organizations/organisations。
50．考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，此处表目的，要用动词不定式（to do）作目的状语。故填to protect。
5.（2020届河南省焦作市高三三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
It takes a lot of land and water 41． (grow) animals. People might one day grow meat in factories instead of having to harvest it from farmed animals. Growing meat in a lab could mean 42． (use) fewer animals and lowering the 43． (environment) costs of raising livestock（牲畜）. So far, no attempts at lab-grown meat 44． (manage) to match the texture（结构，口感）of the animal muscles eaten as meat. One new development does this by using a technique of making cotton candy. It grows meat with more structures.
Researchers have already known how to grow cells, 45． are the basis of meat. However, a pile of cells does not have the chewy texture of a chicken breast. Cells without a support 46． (be) more like a soup, or at best a meatball . The new process resembles 47． way that cotton candy is made, except that it uses gelatin（明胶）instead of melted sugar. The lab-grown samples all look like the different natural 48． (meat). And they have similar material nature, too. The nature affects how chewy, springy or soft the meat is. 49． controlling how the gelatin fibers are twisted, the scientists can set the fibers’ arrangement and spacing, which determines 50． the man-made meat ends up more like a burger or a steak.
【答案】
41．to grow
42．using
43．environmental
44．have managed
45．which
46．are
47．the
48．meats
49．By
50．whether
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的科技技术：一种利用制作棉花糖的技术来制造肉。
41．考查固定句式。句意：饲养动物需要大量的土地和水。it takes sth to do，固定句式，意为“需要……做某事”。故填to grow。
42．考查动名词和固定结构。句意：在实验室里种植肉类可能意味着使用更少的动物和降低饲养牲畜的环境成本。mean doing sth，固定结构，意为“意味着做某事”。故填using。
43．考查形容词。句意：在实验室里种植肉类可能意味着使用更少的动物和降低饲养牲畜的环境成本。分析可知，所填空应是形容词作定语修饰之后的名词costs(费用；成本)。故填environmental。
44．考查时态。句意：到目前为止，还没有人尝试过在实验室里培育出与食用动物肌肉结构相匹配的肉。根据时间状语so far可知应是现在完成时。故填have managed。
45．考查定语从句。句意：研究人员已经知道如何培养作为肉类基础的细胞。分析可知，“___5____ are the basis of meat”应是之前名词cells的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
46．考查时态。句意：没有支撑物的细胞更像汤，或者至多像个肉丸子。分析可知，所填空在句中作谓语，结合语境可知时态为一般现在时，主语为“Cells”，名词复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are。
47．考查冠词。句意：新工艺类似于棉花糖的制作方法，只不过它使用的是明胶，而不是融化的糖。分析可知，所填空之后为名词way，应有冠词作限定词，且之后有定语从句修饰，表特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。
48．考查名词复数。句意：实验室培养的样本看起来都像是不同的天然肉类。分析可知，当表达各种各样不同种类的肉时，名词meat可用复数形式表达。故填meats。
49．考查介词。句意：通过控制明胶纤维的扭曲方式，科学家们可以设定纤维的排列和间距，从而决定人造肉最终是更像汉堡还是牛排。分析可知，“____9____ controlling how the gelatin fibers are twisted”应是句中的方式状语，by doing，“通过做某事的方式”，在句中可作方式状语。故填By。
50．考查宾语从句。句意：通过控制明胶纤维的扭曲方式，科学家们可以设定纤维的排列和间距，从而决定人造肉最终是更像汉堡还是牛排。分析可知，“____10____ the man-made meat ends up more like a burger or a steak”应是宾语从句，结合句意可知，从句句子结构完整，表达不确定性，应用“是否”含义连接词，且从句中含有“or”，whether…or，“是……还是……”符合句意。故填whether。
6.（2020届河南省六市第一次模拟）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Peter Tabichi, 61． math and science teacher who has worked to change life for students in a poor area in Kenya, has won the $l million Global Teacher Prize for 2019. Over 10,000 teachers from 179 different countries took part in the competition this year. Mr. Tabichi 62． (choose) from among the ten final teachers.
Mr. Tabichi works al Keriko Secondary School in Pwami Village, Kenya. The school is in a poor area 63． faces many challenges. The classes are huge - there are about 58 students for every teacher.
The school also does not have many 64． (teach) materials that are common in 65． schools. There is only one computer at the school, and the Internet connection is not very good. Still, Mr. Tabichi has been able to lead his students to great results. He has tried 66． (build) on things that the students are already interested in and good at. In the last three years, the number of students 67． (double), and yet there are far 68． (few) behavior problems than there were before Mr. Tabichi started.
He also helps the families of his students and the other people in the area. Once every three or four years, the area is hit by a serious drought. Mr. Tabichi has worked to teach the local people 69． to grow plants that can survive even when there isn’t much rain.
Mr. Tabichi said that if he won the 70． (compete), he would like to use the money to improve his school. He wants to help build u the science program. He hopes to buy more computers and get the school a better Internet connection.
“To be a great teacher, you have to be very creative, you have to do more and talk less.” he says.
【答案】
61．a
62．was chosen
63．which/that
64．teaching
65．other / most
66．to build
67．has doubled
68．fewer
69．how
70．competition
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Peter Tabichi的事迹。Peter Tabichi是一个数学和科学教师，赢得了2019年价值100万美元的全球教师奖。他曾致力于改变肯尼亚贫困地区学生和其他人的生活。
61．考查冠词。句意：曾致力于改变肯尼亚贫困地区学生生活的一个数学和科学教师Peter Tabichi赢得了2019年价值100万美元的全球教师奖。根据math and science teacher可知此处要用冠词a表示“一个”。故填a。
62．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：来自179个国家的一万多名教师参加了今年的比赛。Tabichi先生是从决赛十位教师中挑选出来的。根据took part in可知此处时态是一般过去时，且主语Mr. Tabichi与choose之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态。故填was chosen。
63．考查定语从句。句意：这所学校位于一个面临许多挑战的贫困地区。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是area，指物，定语从句缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
64．考查名词。句意：学校也没有很多在其它（或者大多数）学校常见的教材。此处teaching是名词，意为“教学”，teaching materials教学资料。故填teaching。
65．考查形容词。句意：学校也没有很多在其它（或者大多数）学校常见的教材。根据that are common可知此处可以用形容词other意为“其他的”或most意为“大多数”的修饰名词schools。故填other / most。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：他试图以学生们已经感兴趣并擅长的事情为基础。固定短语try to do sth.尝试做某事，试图做某事。故填to build。
67．考查动词的时态。句意：在过去的三年里，学生的数量翻了一番，但是行为问题却比Tabichi先生开始之前少了很多。根据In the last three years可知此处时态是现在完成时，且主语是the number of students可知谓语动词要用单数形式。故填has doubled。
68．考查形容词的比较级。句意：在过去的三年里，学生的数量翻了一番，但是行为问题却比Tabichi先生开始之前少了很多。根据副词far可知此处要用形容词，再由than可知此处要用形容词的比较级。故填fewer。
69．考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：Tabichi先生一直致力于教当地人如何种植即使在少雨的情况下也能存活的植物。根据谓语动词teach可知此处要用由how连接的宾语从句，表示“怎样，如何”。故填how。
70．考查名词。句意：Tabichi先生说，如果他赢得了比赛，他想用这笔钱来改善他的学校。根据冠词the可知此处要用名词，且competition是不可数名词。故填competition。
7.（2020届河南省新乡市高三第二次模拟）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Weddings in Canada have become so complicated that their planning and organization are now a multi-billion dollar industry. 41． (survey) have shown that the average Canadian couple will spend upwards of $ 30,000 on their special day, while wedding guests will spend close to $ 700 each on gifts, special clothes, 42． other related expenses.
To briefly summarize, most Canadians generally get married in a church or banquet (宴会) hall before about a hundred or so close friends and family members. The bride will 43． (typical) wear a beautiful white wedding dress 44． (purchase) especially for the ceremony, while everyone else will wear their finest formal clothes. Once all the close friends and family members get together, a legally-certified wedding host, usually a religious 45． (lead) or judge, will publicly lead the bride and bridegroom through special wedding vows (宣誓), 46． express loyalty to one another, and then will declare they are officially married. The event will then usually conclude with an impressive, but 47． (relax) wedding reception, dinner, or after-party.
In practice almost every detail of a typical Canadian wedding, from flowers to music to seating arrangements, is governed by48． (many) rules and traditions than could possibly be summarized here. Though such wedding ceremonies are broadly inspired by European-Christian customs, particularly British custom, North American weddings these days are often said to have gradually developed to exist 49． a world of unique traditions of their own. Canadians from non-Christian or non-European backgrounds often have unique wedding customs, though these 50． (mix) with North American ones.
【答案】
41．Surveys
42．and
43．typically
44．purchased
45．leader
46．which
47．relaxing
48．more
49．in
50．are mixed
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。加拿大的婚礼变得如此复杂，以至于他们的策划和组织现在成了一个数十亿美元的产业。文章介绍了加拿大人的婚礼。
41．考查名词复数。句意：调查显示，加拿大一对普通夫妇在他们的特殊日子里平均要花费3万美元以上，而参加婚礼的宾客每人在礼物、特殊服装和其他相关费用上要花费近700美元。此处做主语，根据空后have shown可知，应使用名词复数形式。故填Surveys。
42．考查连词。句意：句意：调查显示，加拿大一对普通夫妇在他们的特殊日子里平均要花费3万美元以上，而参加婚礼的宾客每人在礼物、特殊服装和其他相关费用上要花费近700美元。此处是并列顺承关系，应使用并列连词and。故填and。
43．考查副词。句意：新娘通常会穿一件专门为婚礼而买的漂亮的白色婚纱，而其他人则会穿他们最好的礼服。此处修饰动词wear，应使用副词形式。故填typically。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：新娘通常会穿一件专门为婚礼而买的漂亮的白色婚纱，而其他人则会穿他们最好的礼服。此处与beautiful white wedding dress是逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词做后置定语。故填purchased。
45．考查名词。句意：一旦所有的亲朋好友聚在一起，一个合法认证的婚礼主持人，通常是一个宗教领袖或法官，会公开引导新娘和新郎通过特殊的婚礼誓言，表达对彼此的忠诚，然后宣布他们正式结婚。此处与or后的judge是并列成分，应使用名词leader(领袖)，再根据空前a religious可知，此处使用名词单数形式。故填leader。
46．考查定语从句。句意：一旦所有的亲朋好友聚在一起，一个合法认证的婚礼主持人，通常是一个宗教领袖或法官，会公开引导新娘和新郎通过特殊的婚礼誓言，表达对彼此的忠诚，然后宣布他们正式结婚。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是special wedding vows，在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。
47．考查形容词。句意：活动通常会以令人印象深刻但却轻松的婚宴、晚宴或会后派对结束。根据句意可知，此处修饰wedding reception, dinner, or after-party，意为“令人放松的婚宴、晚宴或会后派对”，应使用-ing结尾形容词。故填relaxing。
48．考查形容词比较级。句意：实际上，几乎每一个典型的加拿大婚礼的细节，从鲜花到音乐再到座位安排，都是由比这里所能概括的更多的规则和传统所支配的。由句中than可知，此处使用形容词比较级。故填more。
49．考查介词。句意：虽然这样的婚礼仪式大体上受到欧洲基督教习俗，特别是英国习俗的启发，但据说现在北美人的婚礼逐渐发展到存在于他们自己独特的传统世界中。根据句意可知，此处是短语exist in“存在于”。故填in。
50．考查动词时态及语态。句意：来自非基督教或非欧洲背景的加拿大人通常有独特的婚礼习俗，尽管这些习俗与北美的习俗混合在一起。根据句意可知，此处指“被混合在了一起”，应使用被动语态；句子描述的是目前的客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填are mixed。
8.（2020届湖南湖北四校高三调研联考）
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Internet recently revealed many of China’s technological 61．(improve) when Chinese state media claimed that online shopping, high-speed rail, bike sharing and electronic payment systems are China’s “four new great inventions”.
Xinhua News Agency said the country deserved credit for the inventions, 62．(compare) them to the inventions of ancient China: compass, gunpowder, paper, and 63．(print). The so-called “four new great inventions” were based 64． last year’s survey conducted by the Silk Road Research Institute. In the survey, China’s foreign students from 20 countries near the “Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路)” 65．(ask) to pick China’s “four new great inventions” that they wanted their home countries 66．(use). Meanwhile, Chinese students said that they just needed to stay focused on their 67． (day) job in an effort to make more contributions to our country.
Xinhua’s article notes that it is Chinese people 68．bring the inventions to the world’s top level with their intelligence and creativity. Among them, the “four new great inventions” stand out, 69．have brought people’s life much70．(convenient).
【答案】
61．improvements
62．comparing
63．printing
64．on
65．were asked
66．to use
67．daily
68．that/who
69．which
70．convenience
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的新四大发明——网上购物、高铁、共享单车和电子支付系统，以及它们给人们带来的许多便利。
61．考查名词。句意：最近，网上揭晓了很多中国的技术提高。分析句子可知，空白处做revealed的宾语，有形容词technological修饰，所以要用名词；根据修饰词many可知，此处用复数形式。故填improvements。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：新华通讯社称，中国的这些发明值得称赞，并把他们与中国古代的发明（指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术）进行了较比。空白处做方式状语，与主语Xinhua News Agency是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填comparing。
63．考查非谓语动词。句意：新新华通讯社称，中国的这些发明值得称赞，并把他们与中国古代的发明（指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术）进行了较比。空白处和名词compass，gunpowder，paper并列，所以此处使用动名词。故填printing。
64．考查介词。句意：所谓的新四大发明是根据去年丝绸之路研究中心的调查得到的。固定短语：be based on意为“以……为基础”。故填on。
65．考查时态及语态。句意：在调查中，在中国的来自一代一路的20个国家的留学生被要求选出中国新的四大发明，是他们想自己的国家使用的。根据上文可知，本句用一般过去时态，因为主语China's foreign students和谓语动词ask是被动关系。故填were asked。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：在调查中，在中国的来自一代一路的20个国家的留学生被要求选出中国新的四大发明，是他们想自己的国家使用的。固定搭配：want sb. to do sth.意为“想要某人做某事”。故填to use。
67．考查形容词。句意：中国学生说他们只需要专注在自己的日常工作上，努力为祖国做贡献。空白处是形容词做定语，修饰名词job，表示每天的，day的形容词是daily。故填daily。
68．考查强调句式。句意：是中国人用他们的智慧和创造力将发明带到了世界最高水平。分析句子可知，此处是强调句式 it is…that/who+其他成分，本句强调主语Chinese people。故填that/who。
69．考查定语从句。句意：在他们中，四大新发明很突出，给人类带来了很大的便利。分析句子，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是the “four new great inventions”，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。
70．考查名词。句意：在他们中，四大新发明很突出，给人类带来了很大的便利。bring sb. sth.“带给某人某物”，名词做宾语，convenient的名词是convenience。故填convenience。
9.（2020届湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测）
Throughout history people have worn clothing of one description or another. Apart 41． protection against the weather, clothes were also often used 42． (show) the wearer’ s status and wealth. Over the years, many fashions in clothing have come and gone. While some of these have been popular for relatively short 43． (period), others have lasted longer.
Until the first half of the 20th century, 44． ability to follow fashion was limited to those who had the money to do so. Following fashion did not only demand money, but it also required large amounts of time. Wealthy people took fashion very 45． (serious) and close attention had to 46． (pay) to detail. Wearing the correct clothes for different occasions 47． (be) very important, despite the fact that this often meant 48． (change) clothes five or six times a day.
More recently, fashionable clothes have come within the reach of ordinary people. The traditional methods of dressmaking, 49． usually involved sewing by hand, were both costly and slow. But today's clothing industry has made 50． easier for people to keep up with changes in fashion without having to spend a great amount of money.
【答案】
41．from
42．to show
43．periods
44．the
45．seriously
46．be paid
47．was
48．changing
49．which
50．it
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了服装的发展过程，衣服不仅能抵御风吹日晒，在过去它还是穿着者的地位和财富的象征。随着服装业的发展，现在普通人也能穿上时髦的服装了。
41．考查介词。句意：除了抵御风吹日晒之外，衣服还常常被用来显示穿着者的地位和财富。“除……之外”是固定短语apart from。故填from。
42．考查动词不定式。此处指衣服还常常被用来显示穿着者的地位和财富，表示“被用于做某事”是be used to do sth. 故填to show。
43．考查名词复数。period是可数名词，前面没有不定冠词，此处表示复数意义，应用复数形式。故填periods。
44．考查冠词。此处特指追随时尚的能力，应用定冠词。故填the。
45．考查副词。修饰动词took，应用副词，此处指“认真对待”。故填seriously。
46．考查被动语态。此处指必须密切注意细节，句中attention和动词pay是被动关系，应用had to be done，故填be paid。
47．考查主谓一致。句意：在不同的场合穿合适的衣服是非常重要的。句中是动名词短语Wearing the correct clothes做主语，谓语用单数。与上下文时态一致，应用一般过去时。故填was。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管这通常意味着每天要换五六次衣服。“意味着做某事”是mean doing sth.故填changing。
49．考查定语从句。句意：传统的制衣方法，通常是手工缝制，既昂贵又缓慢。根据句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是traditional methods，在定语从句中做主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
50．考查形式宾语。句意：但是今天的服装业让人们更容易跟上时尚的变化，而不需要花很多钱。此处是make it + adj. for sb. to do sth.结构，it作形式宾语，不定式作真正宾语。故填it。
10.（2020届湖南省怀化市高三第一次模拟）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the past, video games 41． (criticize) for making people more antisocial, overweight or depressed. But now researchers are finding that games can 42． (actual) change us for the better and improve both our body 43． our mind. Games can help to develop physical skills. Pre-school children who play interactive games such as the ones available on Wi-Fi have been shown to have improved motor skills. Last year a study of surgeons in Boston 44． (discover) that those who played video games were 27 percent faster and made 37 percent 45． (few) errors than those who didn’t. Vision is also improved, particularly telling 46． difference between shades of grey. This is useful 47． driving at night, piloting a plane or reading X-rays.
Games also benefit a variety of brain 48． (function), including decision-making. In a study by researchers from the University of Rochester in New York, it was found that the best gamers could make choices and act on them up to six times a second. In another study, experienced gamers were shown 49． (be) able to notice more than six things at once without getting confused, 50． (compare) with the four that most people can normally keep in mind.
【答案】
41．were criticized
42．actually
43．and
44．discovered
45．fewer
46．the
47．for
48．functions
49．to be
50．compared
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。在过去，电子游戏被批评为使人们更反社会，过度肥胖或抑郁。但现在研究人员发现，游戏实际上可以让我们变得更好，改善我们的身体和大脑。文章介绍了电子游戏的好处。
41．考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：在过去，电子游戏被批评为使人们更反社会，超重或抑郁。句子主语games是复数形式，和criticize之间是被动关系，再根据in the past可知此处是一般过去时态的被动语态，故填were criticized。
42．考查副词。句意：但现在研究人员发现，游戏实际上可以让我们变得更好，改善我们的身体和大脑。此处change是动词，由副词来修饰，所给词actual是形容词，其副词是actually。故填actually。
43．考查并列连词。句意：但现在研究人员发现，游戏实际上可以让我们变得更好，改善我们的身体和大脑。此处指“身体和大脑”，是并列关系。故填and。
44．考查一般过去时态。句意：去年，波士顿一项针对外科医生的研究发现，玩电子游戏的人比不玩的人速度快27%，出错率低37%。根据Last year可知句子用一般过去时态，故填discovered。
45．考查比较级。句意：去年，波士顿一项针对外科医生的研究发现，玩电子游戏的人比不玩的人速度快27%，出错率低37%。根据后面的than可知此处用比较级，故填fewer。
46．考查定冠词the。句意：视力也得到了改善，尤其是分辨灰色阴影的能力。此处特指灰色阴影的“能力”。故填the。
47．考查介词。句意：这对晚上开车、驾驶飞机或看x光很有用。固定搭配：be useful for“对……有用”。故填for。
48．考查名词复数。句意：游戏也有益于多种大脑功能，包括决策。function为可数名词，且有a variety of修饰。故填functions。
49．考查动词不定式作主语补足语。句意：在另一项研究中，有经验的游戏玩家能够同时注意到六件以上的事情而不会感到困惑，而大多数人通常只能记住四件事情。此处是动词不定式作主语补足语。故填to be。
50．考查故去分词作状语。句意：在另一项研究中，经验丰富的游戏玩家能够同时注意到六件以上的事情而不会感到困惑，相比之下，大多数人通常会记住这四件事情。固定搭配：compared with/to“与……相比较”，此处是过去分词作状语。故填compared。
11.（2020届湖南省永州市高三第三次模拟）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, nine in ten children are now at school. However, the figure is not as 41． (impress) as it sounds. Even if most of the world’s children go to school, 42． awful lot of them learn pretty much nothing there.
According 43． the recent World Bank study of seven African countries, half of nine-year-old cannot read a simple word and three-quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible 44． (teach). Several recent studies suggest educational technology can help. It seems45． (bring) about bigger improvement in poor countries than in rich ones. Some of the rare46． (resource) being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on educational technology. That doesn’t mean dumping computers on schools, hoping that children 47． (understand) how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software that children can use with minimal help from an adult, that gets things right 48． (much) often than the teachers do, that adjusts itself to the child’s ability that sends teachers clues about 49． they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
Of course, good 50． (tradition) teachers are not replaced, and are never likely to be.
【答案】
41．impressive
42．an
43．to
44．teaching
45．to bring
46．resources
47．will understand
48．more
49．what
50．traditional
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了在教育落后地区使用教育技术设备的情况。
41．考査形容词。as…as短语充当is的表语，应用形容词，所给词impress是动词，其形容词是impressive。故填impressive。
42．考査冠词。a lot of是固定短语，再根据awful的发音，它是以元音音素开头的的词。故填an。
43．考査介词。according to…是固定短语，意思是“根据……”。故填to。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：造成这个现象的原因在于糟糕的教学质量。充当is的表语，表示事物的特征，应用动名词。故填teaching。
45．考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：seem to do sth.“好像做某事”。故填to bring。
46．考查名词复数。根据Some of可知，后面用名词复数。故填resources。
47．考查动词时态。与hope呼应，表示将要发生的动作，需用一般将来时。故填will understand。
48．考查副词比较级。根据第8空后面的than可知，此处用副词的比较级。故填more。
49．考查宾语从句。所填词充当about的宾语从句的引导词，并在从句中作teach的宾语，起双重作用，应使用what引导，指代“他们应该教授的内容”。故填what。
50．考查形容词。此处teachers是名词，由形容词修饰。故填traditional。
12.（2020届吉林省吉林市高三第三次调研）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I happened to face loneliness and difficulties41．made me dull for a while. During this time, when anyone42．(approach) me, respected me or supported me in the smallest way, I noticed it and felt grateful. I had taken small gestures like43． (be) welcomed, thought-of or included for granted. However, during this emotional stage, I noticed each of these and was modest, simple and44．(thank) to others.
I had built walls around myself and was keeping my distance (having dutiful relations, not friendly connections) with a few people (this even included family members) because45．holding small hatred against them. During this trying stage, when they were kind in little ways, I noticed it and was able to acknowledge and accept it. I realize some of these46．(wall) were either shaken or partly broken. Now, if these same people are able to interact with me, invite me or call me freely, as47．friendly connection, I notice the difference in quality and feel happy about it.
Sometimes, it takes adversaries (对手)48．(create) holes in walls, through which light can enter. The universe is so generously giving that every dark cloud has at least one silver lining. My faith is restored: There49．(be) always light at the end of the tunnel! Every action matters50．(huge).
【答案】
41．which/that
42．approached
43．being
44．thankful
45．of
46．walls
47．a
48．to create
49．is
50．hugely
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了自己在情绪低落时期的经历。作者把自己封闭起来，疏远亲朋好友。在这段艰难的时期，作者尝试接受别人的善意，注意到一些不同，感到快乐。作者认为采取行动是非常重要的。
41．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，__1___made me dull for a while是定语从句，先行词是loneliness and difficulties，从句中做主语，指物，用关系代词which或者that，故填which/that。
42．考查动词时态。分析句子可知，approach是谓语 动词，根据下文的respected和supported和语境，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故填approached。
43．考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，like“像”是介词，接动名词作宾语，故填being。
44．考查形容词。was后接形容词作表语，and连接modest，simple和 thankful作并列表语，故填thankful。
45．考查固定短语。because of“因为”是固定短语，介词后接名词，代词或者动名词作宾语，because是连词，引导原因状语从句，接句子，由holding small hatred可知，故填of。
46．考查名词复数。wall是可数名词，由these修饰，用复数，故填walls。
47．考查冠词。句意：现在，如果同样的人能够和我互动，邀请我或者随意打电话给我，作为一种友好的联系……。根据句意，此处泛指“作为一种友好的联系”，用不定冠词。friendly首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
48．考查非谓语动词。It takes sb.(some time) to do sth.是固定句型，表示“需要某人（多长时间）做某事”，故填 to create。
49．考查动词时态。此处是there be句型，由上下文可知，用一般现在时，there be句型中，be动词与其后的名词保持人称和数的一致，由light“光”是不可数名词可知，故填is。
50．考查副词。修饰动词matters用副词做状语，故填hugely。
13.（2020届江西赣粤湘三省六校高三联考）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In August, cases of a mysterious severe lung disease rocked the health society, 41． doctors looking for the cause of the illness. They found the link between vaping and lung disease. Now, there are 805 lung injury cases reported across 46 states in the United States. There had been twelve 42．(death) reported, and all cases reported a history of e-cigarette use.
E-cigarette use poses a significant and avoidable health risk to young people in the United States. Besides increasing the 43．(possible) of addiction and long-term harm to brain development and respiratory health, e-cigarette use 44．(associate) with the use of other tobacco products that can do even 45．(great) damage to the body. Even breathing in e-cigarette smoke that someone else has breathed out 46．(carry) health risks.
It is important to prevent harm to youth and young adults from e-cigarettes. Everyone has 47． role, including parents, health care providers, teachers, and those 48． work with and care about young people. A visit to a health care professional is a great chance 49．(educate) your child on the potential risks of e-cigarette use. Ask your provider to discuss these health risks, including nicotine addiction and the impact of nicotine on the 50．(develop) brain, etc.
【答案】
41．with
42．deaths
43．possibility
44．is associated
45．greater
46．carries
47．a
48．who
49．to educate
50．developing
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子烟对人体的伤害，并且说明了为防止电子烟对青少年造成伤害，人们应该注意什么。
41．考查with的复合结构。句意：今年8月，一种神秘的严重肺部疾病的病例震惊了健康社会，医生们正在寻找病因。空白处后面是宾语+doing的结构，所以此处应该是with，构成with+宾语+doing的复合结构，在句中做状语。故填with。
42．考查名词单复数。句意：报告了12例死亡，所有病例都报告了电子烟使用史。因为是12例死亡，所以应该用复数形式。故填deaths。
43．考查名词。句意：除了增加成瘾的可能性和对大脑发育和呼吸系统健康的长期伤害之外……，空白处前面是the，后面是of addiction，所以此处需要一个名词。需将possible变为名词形式。故填possibility.
44．考查被动语态。句意：除了增加成瘾的可能性和对大脑发育和呼吸系统健康的长期伤害之外，电子烟的使用还与其他烟草产品的使用有关……。此句子的主语是“e-cigarette use”，空白处需要动词的谓语形式，associate需用被动语态，构成A be associated with B的结构，意为A何B有关，结合主语性质用单数，结合上下文时态用一般现在时，故填is associated。
45．考查形容词比较级。句意：……这些烟草产品对身体造成更大的损害。Even后面形容词需要用比较级。故填greater。
46．考查谓语动词。句意：即使吸入别人呼出的电子烟也会带来健康风险。此句主语“breathing in……”为动名词形式，smoke后是由that引导的定语从句，空白处缺失谓语动词，动名词做主语谓语动词用单数，又因为时态用一般现在时，故填carries。
47．考查冠词。句意：每个人都有自己的角色，包括父母、卫生保健提供者、教师，以及那些与年轻人一起工作和关心他们的人。空白处后面的role角色是泛指。故填a。
48．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：以及那些与年轻人一起工作和关心他们的人。先行词是those，指代人，并且从句中缺少主语。故填who。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：访问卫生保健专业人员是一个很好的去教育您的孩子有关电子香烟使用的潜在风险的机会。此句是系表结构，表语chance后面是后置定语，需用动词的非谓语形式，又因为此处的“去教育您的孩子有关电子香烟使用的潜在风险的机会”是表示目的，故填to educate。
50．考查非谓语动词。句意：和你的供应商讨论这些健康风险，包括尼古丁成瘾和尼古丁对发育中的大脑影响等。空白处是一个定语修饰brain。又因为前文说到是孩子，是正在发育的大脑。故填developing。
14.（2020届江西省赣州市高三模拟）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although Western medicine is 41． (current) more popular, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) maintains its vitality（生命力）. After 42． (century) of development, plentiful experiences in diagnosis and treatment have enriched TCM theories.
TCM theories began to take shape some 2,000 years ago, 43． (base) on the philosophies of jing and qi, the five elements of nature, and yin-yang. Jing and qi are the vital essences of life. The five elements, i.e. metal, wood, water, fire and earth, 44． (believe) to mutually reinforce and restrain each other（相生相克）. Yin and yang represent the two opposing aspects of 45． object or two contradictory objects. 46． (keep) yin and yang balanced ensures good health.
With much 47． (fast) healing effects, Western medicine has become popular in China since the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and had great impact on TCM, so much so that a debate on 48． to support TCM took place. It wasn’t until the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 49． TCM started to be revived（复兴）. In October 2015, Tu Youyou, a Chinese TCM researcher, won the Nobel Prize in medicine, an 50． (achieve) that has injected new life into the development of TCM.
【答案】
41．currently
42．centuries
43．based
44．are believed
45．an/one
46．Keeping
47．faster
48．whether
49．that
50．achievement
【解析】这是一篇说明文。西药因为疗效快更受欢迎，但中药一直有自己的生命力，且屠呦呦获诺贝尔医学奖更是给中药发展注入了活力。
41．考查副词。句意：虽然当前西药更流行，但传统的中药有自己的生命力。popular是形容词，应该用副词修饰，current的副词是currently。故填currently。
42．考查名词复数。句意：数个世纪的发展后，大量的诊断和治疗中的经验丰富了中药理论。century是可数名词，前面没有修饰限定词，所以要用复数形式。故填centuries。
43．考查非谓语。句意：基于精气哲学，自然的五要素和阴阳，2000年前中药中药理论开始形成。分析句子可知，began是句子的谓语，base要用非谓语形式，be based on “以......为基础”所以用过去分词，即based。故填based。
44．考查动词语态。句意：金、木、水、火和土五中元素被认为相生相克。根据整段时态判断要用一般现在时；主语是five elements，谓语要用复数形式；主语five elements与believe是被动关系，用被动语态，故填are believed。
45．考查冠词\代词。句意：阴阳代表一个物体的两个对立面或者两个矛盾的物体。根据句意，此处表“一个”， objec为元音音素开头的字母。故填an/one。
46．考查动名词做主语。句意：保持阴阳平衡能确保身体健康。ensue是句子的谓语，keep要用动名词充当句子的主语放在句首，所以用doing形式。故填Keeping。
47．考查比较级。句意：因为疗效更快，西药从清代开始在中国流行且对中药有很大影响。此处是西药和中药对比，应该用比较级，故填faster。
48．考查宾语从句。句意：因为疗效更快，西药从清代开始在中国流行且对中药有很大影响。西药如此流行以至于在是否支持传统中药引起了争论。空白处做介词on的宾语，引导宾语从句，根据句意表“是否”，故填whether。
49．考查强调句。句意：直到1949年中华人名共和国成立，传统中药才开始复兴。“It is\was+被强调部分+that\who(指人)+其余成分”是强调句的基本句式，此处not until the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949是被强调部分，故填that。
50．考查名词。句意：2015年10月，中国传统中药研究者屠呦呦，获得了医学诺贝尔奖，这项成就给传统中药的发展注入了新的活力。 an修饰单数可数名词，achieve的名词形式是achievement，故填achievement。
15.（2020届江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If previous outbreaks of coronavirus are any indication, the Wuhan strain that is now spreading may eventually 41． (trace) back to bats. One bat can host many different viruses 42． getting sick.
In a 2018 paper in Cell Host and Microbe, scientists in China and Singapore reported their 43． (investigate) of how bats handle something called DNA sensing.
The energy demands of fight 44． (be) so great that cells in the body break down and release bits of DNA that are then floating around where they shouldn’t be. Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA 45． might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism. But in bats, they found, evolution has weakened that system, which would 46． (normal) cause inflammation（炎症）47． it fought the viruses.
Bats have lost some genes involved in that response, which makes sense because the inflammation itself can be very 48． (damage) to the body. They have 49． weakened response, but it is still there. Thus, the researchers write, this weakened response may allow them to maintain a “balanced state of ‘effective response’ but not ‘over response’ against viruses.”
Scientists in China were already studying the bats carefully, well aware that an outbreak like the current 50． would most likely happen.
【答案】
41．be traced
42．without
43．investigation
44．are
45．which
46．normally
47．as/ when
48．damaging
49．balanced
50．one
【解析】本文是说明文。新冠状病毒的起源是蝙蝠。文章解释了蝙蝠可以是很多不同的病毒的宿主而自身不生病的原因。
41．考查语态。句意：如果之前的冠状病毒的爆发给了一些暗示，那么这次武汉的疫情蔓延可以归源于蝙蝠。短语trace back to “可追溯到，始于”作谓语；句子主语the Wuhan strain和trace back to 之间是逻辑上的被动关系；在情态动词may后接动词原形，因此用be done形式。故填be traced。
42．考查介词。句意：蝙蝠可以是很多不同的病毒的宿主而不生病。根据常识可以推理，蝙蝠可以携带病毒，但自身不生病。故填without。
43．考查名词。句意：在2018年发表于《细胞宿主与微生物》的一篇论文中，中国和新加坡的科学家们报道了他们关于蝙蝠是如何应对一种叫基因感知的东西的调查。分析句子结构， 所填词作谓语动词reported的宾语，应用名词作宾语；investigate是动词，名词形式为investigation。 故填investigation。
44．考查主谓一致。句意：这种斗争的能量需求是如此之大，以至于体内的细胞会分解并释放少量的DNA，然后这些DNA就会漂浮在它们不应该在的地方。句子主语是The energy demands of fight，中心词demands是复数，谓语be动词也应用复数形式；句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填are。
45．考查定语从句。句意：哺乳动物，包括蝙蝠，有办法识别和对这少量的DNA作出反应，而这些DNA可能意味着一种致病微生物的入侵。分析句子结构，设空处后是定语从句，先行词是such bits of DNA，指物，在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故填which。
46．考查副词。句意：但他们发现，在蝙蝠身上，进化已经削弱了这一系统，这通常会让它们在与病毒斗争时引起炎症。修饰谓语动词 cause，应用副词形式。故填normally。
47．考查时间状语从句。句意：但他们发现，在蝙蝠身上，进化已经削弱了这一系统，这通常会让它们在与病毒斗争时引起炎症。 根据句意，设空处后是时间状语从句，意思为“当他们在与病毒作斗争时”，因此用as/ when引导时间状语从句。故填as/ when。
48．考查形容词。句意：蝙蝠失去了一些与这种反应有关的基因，这是有道理的，因为炎症本身对身体有很大的伤害。在be动词后， 应接形容词作表语；damage是动词，形容词是damaging，意思为“有破坏性的，损坏的”。故填damaging。
49．考查时态。句意： 他们已经平衡了减弱的反应，但它仍然存在。根据句意，该句是现在完成时，表示对现在的影响；空前有have，应填过去分词形式构成现在完成时。故填balanced。
50．考查代词。句意： 中国的科学家已经在仔细研究蝙蝠，清楚地知道像现在这样的爆发很可能会发生。不定代词one表示替代具体的“一个人”或“一个事物”，以避免重复。根据句意，此处用不定代词one指代 an outbreak。故填one。
16.（2020届辽宁省锦州市高三一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 41． (catch) the word’s attention and here’s something you need to know about it. Coronaviruses are a common cause of colds and upper respiratory(呼吸的)infections in humans and certain other 42． (mammal) and birds. The microbes can 43． (easy) spread from one animal to another. Every now and again, an animal coronavirus mutates(突变)to infect humans, 44． (lead) to contagious respiratory infections that have never been met before. This makes 45． harder for physicians to diagnose(诊断)and cure, and results in outbreaks. The symptoms of COVID-19 46． (be) similar to those experienced when people suffer from the flu. They include fever, cough, tiredness, muscle pain 47． shortness of breath. Some victims have also experienced severe headaches and diarrhea. Coronaviruses typically pass through droplets. Therefore, scientists recommend 48． (take) simple precautions, like wearing masks, washing hands frequently and thoroughly, and staying away from people displaying flu-like symptoms. Those experiencing any of the symptoms 49． (associate) with the virus are advised to cover their coughs and sneezes with their inner elbows(肘). Most importantly, however, they should stay away from school, work, or any public area 50． they might risk infecting others.
【答案】
41．has caught
42．mammals
43．easily
44．leading
45．it
46．are
47．and
48．taking
49．associated
50．where
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型冠状病毒的传播途径和感染症状，以及如何有效避免感染的一些措施。
41．考查时态。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，由上文的Since the beginning of 2020判断为现在完成时，主语是单数，故填has caught。
42．考查名词的数。mammal为可数名词，且由other修饰，故判断此处应填名词复数形式，故填mammals。
43．考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词spread，故填easily。
44．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，lead和逻辑主语an animal coronavirus mutates to infect humans之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填leading。
45．考查代词。此处考查固定句型make it + adj. for sb to do sth.“让做某事对于某人来说怎么样”，该句型中it是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语，故填it。
46．考查时态。此处讲述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语symptoms是复数，故填are。
47．考查并列连词。句意：他们包括发烧、咳嗽、乏力、肌肉疼痛以及气短。根据句意可知，这里指感染新冠的症状，它们是并列关系，故填and。
48．考查动名词。此处应用动名词作为动词recommend的宾语，故填taking。
49．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，associate和逻辑主语symptoms之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填associated。
50．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句关系词，先行词area在从句中充当地点状语，应用指代地点的关系副词，故填where。
17.（2020届辽宁省辽阳市高三一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Penguins are some of the most recognizable and beloved birds in the world and even have their own holiday: World Penguin Day. It 41． (celebrate) every year on April 25. Penguins are also 42． (amaze) birds because of their physical adaptations to survive in unusual climates and to live mostly at sea.
Penguins are primarily found only in the Southern Hemisphere (南半球), while most people associate penguins with Antarctica in 43． these birds are much more widespread. Penguin populations can be found in South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, as well 44． many small islands in the southern Pacific Ocean.
The naturally northernmost penguin species is the Galapagos penguin, which lives year round near the equator on the Galapagos Islands. This penguin 45． (regular) crosses the equator into the Northern Hemisphere as it swims while feeding.
Penguins lost the ability to fly 46． (million) of years ago, but their powerful flippers (脚蹼) and streamlined bodies make them become 47． (skill) swimmers. They are the fastest swimming and deepest diving species of the bird and can stay underwater up to 20 minutes at 48． time. While swimming, penguins will leap above the surface of the water.
Penguins’ eyes work 49． (well) underwater than they do in the air, giving them superior eyesight 50． (spot) prey (猎物) while hunting, even in cloudy or dark water, or in the rapid flow. What a surprising and cute animal it is!
【答案】
41．is celebrated
42．amazing
43．which
44．as
45．regularly
46．millions
47．skilled / skillful / skilful
48．a
49．better
50．to spot
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了企鹅是一种神奇的鸟类以及其生活区域、外形等信息。
41．考查动词时态和语态。句意：它是在每年的4月25日庆祝。根据every year可知，时态是一般现在时，且主语是It，与celebrate之间是动宾关系，因此要用被动语态。故填is celebrated。
42．考查形容词。句意：企鹅也是一种神奇的鸟类，因为它们的身体适应了不同寻常的气候，而且大多生活在海里。根据名词birds可知，此处要用形容词作定语修饰名词。故填amazing。
43．考查介词+which引导的定语从句。句意：企鹅主要生活在南半球，而大多数人把企鹅和南极洲联系在一起，因为企鹅在那里分布得更广。根据介词in可知，此处要用which，构成由in which引导的限制性定语从句，先行词是Antarctica，in which在定语从句中充当地点状语。故填which。
44．考查固定搭配。句意：企鹅种群分布在南美洲、南非、澳大利亚和新西兰，以及南太平洋的许多小岛上。短语as well as“和……一样”是固定搭配。故填as。
45．考查副词。句意：这种企鹅在进食时游泳，经常穿过赤道进入北半球。根据crosses可知，此处要用副词修饰谓语动词。故填regularly。
46．考查名词的复数。句意：企鹅在数百万年前就失去了飞翔的能力，但它们强有力的鳍状肢和流线型的身体使它们成为熟练的游泳者。根据years ago可知，此处要用数量词，millions of“数百外的”。故填millions。
47．考查形容词。句意：企鹅在数百万年前就失去了飞翔的能力，但它们强有力的鳍状肢和流线型的身体使它们成为熟练的游泳者。根据swimmers可知，此处要用形容词作定语，修饰名词。故填skilled/ skillful/ skilful。
48．考查冠词。句意：它们是游得最快、潜水最深的鸟类，一次可以在水下停留20分钟。短语at a time“一次，每次”是固定搭配。故填a。
49．考查副词的比较级。句意：企鹅的眼睛在水下比在空中工作得更好，这使它们在捕猎时能更好地发现猎物，即使在浑浊或黑暗的水中，或在湍急的水流中也是如此。根据than they do in the air可知，此处要用副词的比较级来修饰动词work。故填better。
50．考查不定式作目的状语。句意：企鹅的眼睛在水下比在空中工作得更好，这使它们在捕猎时能更好地发现猎物，即使在浑浊或黑暗的水中，或在湍急的水流中也是如此。此处要用不定式作目的状语，表示目的。故填to spot。
18.（2020届宁夏石嘴山市高三二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
With Three movies61． (hit) screens in cinemas across the nation: The Climbers; The Captain; and Me and My Country, theatergoers this National Day holiday have62． wide range of options.
Me and My Country 63． (base) on major events of the past seven decades, such as the success of China’s first nuclear test explosion in 1964, Hong Kong’s return in 1997 and the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. It 64． (gain) not only tears but laughter since it was released. The Captain is well thought of by the viewers for 65． (it) plots and excellent 66． (perform). The story of heroes in ordinary jobs wins over audiences nationwide, thus67． (make) it rank top among the three. The Climbers is about two generations of Chinese mountaineers 68． climbed Mount Quomolangma from the north side in 1960 and 1975.
These 69． (high) praised movies have really taken box office. Some viewers joke that not only 70． they enjoy the appealing movies in the theatres but they can also admire many scenic spots this year.
【答案】
61．hitting
62．a
63．is based
64．has gained
65．its
66．performances
67．making
68．who/that
69．highly
70．can/do
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了非常受大家欢迎的三部电影。
61．考查非谓语动词。此处是with的复合宾语结构，宾语three movies与hit之间是主动关系，用现在分词做宾补。故填hitting。
62．考查冠词。句意：今年国庆节去看戏的人有多种选择。 a wide range of各种各样的，是固定短语。故填a。
63．考查固定短语。句意：《我和我的祖国》是基于过去70年的重大事件。be based on以……为根据，基于。此处是作谓语，根据句意可知，是陈述事实，用一般现在时，主语是Me and My Country，be用is。故填is based。
64．考查时态。since引导的时间状语从句中的主句常常使用现在完成时，主语是it，用has done。故填has gained。
65．考查代词。句意：《船长》的情节和精彩的表演深受观众的喜爱。根据后面的名词plots可知，用形容词修饰名词，因此，用代词it的形容词性物主代词。故填its。
66．考查名词。句意同上。and连接连个并列成分，根据plots及空前的形容词excellent可知，此处用perform的名词performance，该词为可数名词，用其复数形式。故填performances。
67．考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语为wins，设空处所在部分是做句子的结果状语，逻辑主语The story of heroes与make之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故填making。
68．考查定语从句。句意：《攀登者》是大约两代中国登山者，他们在1960年和1975年从北面攀登了珠穆朗玛峰。这是个定语从句，先行词是Chinese mountaineers，指人，从句中缺少主语，因此用who或that引导。故填who/that。
69．考查副词。设空处所给词是修饰动词praised，副词修饰动词。故填highly。
70．考查动词。句意：一些观众开玩笑说，他们不仅可以在剧院里欣赏有吸引力的电影，而且今年他们还可以欣赏许多景点。not only…but also是固定结构，当not only位于句首时，句子构成部分倒装，本句的谓语为enjoy，因此需借助于助词，根据but后的时态可知，用一般现在时，结合句意可知，可以用do或can。故填can/do。
19.（2020届宁夏银川一中高三第二次模拟）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
What's your definition of 61．(great)? I think the definition is to inspire the people next to you. You grow up as a kid 62．(think)that all things are possible, if you put in the work to do it. You grow up having that fundamental belief. My father was really influential at a really critical time. I scored not a free-throw, not a 63． (luck) shot, not a breakaway layup, 2-0 points and I remember crying about it and being upset about it. My father gave me a hug and said listen 64． you score zero, score 60, I love you no matter what.
That is the most important thing that you can say to a child that 65．(total) gives me all the confidence in the world. I just went to work; I just stayed with it and kept practicing. When I came back the next summer, I was a little bit 66．(good). Open shots and not miss. We ever shoot it with speed because those kids are so much more athletic.
So how can we teach our children what it means 67．(work) hard well? You do it through training right so when I get up in the morning. My 15- year -old daughter goes 68． me and it becomes a daddy-daughter training. Through that process she understands 69． value of hard work, so it's through those behaviors 70． I find the motivation to know what is losing feel like to you.
“Why did you start playing basketball? Because I loved it; because nothing in this world moves without love.”
【答案】
61．greatness
62．thinking
63．lucky
64．whether
65．totally
66．better
67．to work
68．with
69．the
70．that
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者以自己亲身经历，告诉读者伟大是指自己能不断提高，努力工作，不断挑战自我，使自己变得更好。
61．考查名词。句意：你对伟大的定义是什么？of是介词，后接名词，great的名词是greatness。故填greatness。
62．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，grow是谓语，所以think要用非谓语形式；逻辑主语kid与think是主动关系，用doing形式做后置定语。故填thinking。
63．考查形容词。shot是名词，应该用形容词修饰，luck的形容词是lucky（幸运的），故填lucky。
64．考查宾语从句。句意：我爸爸给了我一个拥抱，并说：听着，无论你得零分还是得60分，我都爱你。whether意为“无论”。结合句意，应填whether。
65．考查副词。gives是动词，应该用副词修饰，total的副词是totally，故填totally。
66．考查形容词的比较级。句意：下个夏天我回来的时候，我好一点了。此处是跟之前的比较，应该用比较级；good的比较级是better，故填better。
67．考查非谓语动词。句意：那么，我们怎样教给孩子们努力工作意味着什么呢？分析句子可知，it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，故填to work。
68．考查介词。句意：我15岁的女儿跟我一起去，变成了爸爸和女儿一起的训练。go with表示“和……一起”，故填with。
69．考查定冠词。句意：在那个过程里，她懂得了努力工作的价值，因此也是从这些行为中，我找到了动机去了解失去对你来说是什么感受。此处特指前面提到的value of hard work，应该用定冠词，故填the。
70．考查强调句。句意：在那个过程里，她懂得了努力工作的价值，因此也是从这些行为中，我找到了动机去了解失去对你来说是什么感受。“It is\was+被强调部分+that\who(指人)+其余成分”是强调句的基本句式，此处through those behaviors是被强调部分，故填that。
20.（2020届陕西省咸阳市高考一模）阅读下面短文，在答题卡相应位置处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Thanksgiving Day, celebrated on the 41． (four) Thursday in the month of November every year, is essentially 42． harvest festival. It is a time characterized with lots of fun and great interest, gifting, family feasting, community 43． (pray) etc.
Thanksgiving is most celebrated in the 44． (country) of America and Canada, 45． witnesses a lot of great warmth among their residents. It is a time to thank both God for a generously-harvest 46． your fellows for their continuous support and care.
Parades and fairs, eating 47． restaurants, shopping are a permanent part of the festive 48． (celebrate). Football game is 49． (close) associated with thanksgiving celebration in America. Football matches 50． (organize) every year to mark the occasion.
【答案】
41．fourth
42．a
43．praying
44．countries
45．which
46．and
47．at/in
48．celebration/celebrations
49．closely
50．are organized
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章简单地向读者介绍了感恩节及其相关活动。
41．考查序数词。分析句意可知，此处指每年11月的第四个星期四，应用序数词fourth。故填fourth。
42．考查冠词。分析句意可知，此处指一个丰收的节日，泛指“一个”，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
43．考查现在分词。由前文的gifting和 family feasting可知，此处是现在分词做状语，所以此处用现在分词（doing）。故填praying。
44．考查名词的数。分析句子可知，the _4 (country) of America and Canada 是名词所有格结构，America and Canada是两个国家，所以用名词的复数countries。故填countries。
45．考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。分析句子可知，Thanksgiving后面接了一个非限制性定语从句，Thanksgiving是先行词，指物，在从句中做主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。
46．考查连词。分析句子可知，“感谢上帝赐予你们丰收”，“感谢你们的伙伴们对你们的持续支持和关心”，二者是并列关系，所以用and。故填and。
47．考查固定搭配。分析语境可知，此处指在餐馆吃饭，at/in restaurants是固定搭配，意为“在餐馆”，所以用at/in。故填at/in。
48．考查名词的数。分析句子可知，a part of +单、复数名词/不可数名词，意为“……一部分”，所以是celebration/celebrations。故填celebration/celebrations。
49．考查副词。分析句子可知，close要修饰动词associated，副词修饰动词，表示抽象含义，所以用副词closely。故填closely。
50．考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，此处缺乏谓语动词，every year是一般现在时的标志，所以此空用一般现在时，而且主语Football matches（复数）和organize是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，即are organized。故填are organized。
21.（2020届四川省高三第一次统一监测）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Smog is a 41．(combine) of smoke and fog. It occurs when gases from burnt fuel get together with fog on the ground. 42． heat and sunlight get together with these gases, they form tiny, 43． (danger) particles (颗粒) in the air. Smog occurs in big cities with a lot of traffic. It is harmful to our breathing and we can’t see44． (clear) in smoggy areas.
Smog 45． (discover) for the first time in the UK in the 19th century, during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. At that time, people used coal 46． heating and cooking. Factories also used coal to produce iron and steel. Smoke got together with wet, foggy air, 47． (turn) yellow. The smog often stayed in cities for many days.
Today, cities 48． have a high population and are located in hot, subtropical areas have some of 49． biggest smog problems — for example, Los Angeles, Mexico City and Cairo.
A lot has been done 50． (prevent) smog recently. Factories use coal that doesn’t have that much Sulphur (硫磺) in it. And cars are much cleaner today. In some cities, cars aren’t even allowed to drive on smoggy days.
【答案】
41．combination
42．When/As
43．dangerous
44．clearly
45．was discovered
46．for
47．turning
48．that/which
49．the
50．to prevent
【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要说明雾霾的形成以及对人类的危害。面对这个最严重的雾霾问题，人类也做了很多工作。
41．考查名词。句意：雾霾是烟和雾的混合体。分析句子可知，空格前不定冠词a及空后of可知，此处是名词单数形式。故填combination 。
42．考查时间状语从句。句意：当热量和阳光与这些气体聚集在一起时，它们在空气中形成微小的危险颗粒。根据句意可知，此处是时间状语从句，应使用when/as“当……的时候”引导。故填When/As。
43．考查形容词。句意：当热量和阳光与这些气体聚集在一起时，它们在空气中形成微小的危险颗粒。根据句意可知，此处指“微小的危险颗粒”，应使用形容词dangerous“危险的”作particles的定语。故填dangerous。
44．考查副词。句意：它对我们的呼吸有害，在烟雾弥漫的地区我们看不清楚。此处修饰动词see，要用副词。故填clearly。
45．考查时态及语态。句意：19世纪工业革命开始时，英国首次发现了雾霾。根据时间状语“19世纪”可知，要用一般过去时；主语Smog与动词discover是被动关系，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was discovered。
46．考查介词。句意：那时，当时人们用煤取暖做饭。use...for...为固定搭配，意为“用……做…….”故填for。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：烟雾和潮湿多雾的空气混合在一起，变成黄色。此处与smoke是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填turning。
48．考查定语从句。句意：如今，人口众多、地处炎热亚热带地区的城市面临着一些最严重的雾霾问题。此处是限定性定语从句，cities是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which 。
49．考查冠词。句意：如今，人口众多、地处炎热亚热带地区的城市面临着一些最严重的雾霾问题，形容词最高级前要加the。故填the。
50．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近为防止雾霾做了很多工作。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式。故填to prevent。
22.（2020届四川省绵阳南山中学高考三诊）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The mascot (吉祥物) for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games 41． (show) to the public at Beijing’s shougang Ice Hockey Arena on September 17th, 2019. The name of the mascot is “Bing Dwen Dwen”, 42． is closely associated with the host nation’s culture.
The image of it is designed based 43． the giant panda. 44． (dress) in a full body suit of ice, a symbol of purity and 45． (strong), the panda wears a helmet with colored halo (光环). The lines of the halo represent the snow tracks and 5G technology. The heart shape in its left palm represents the host country’s hospitality.
The name “Bing Dwen Dwen” is a 46． (combine) of several meanings in the Chinese language. “Bing” is the Chinese character for ice, while “Dwen Dwen” is 47． common nickname in China for children that implies healthiness and cuteness.
The mascot 48． (perfect) combines the best elements and characteristics of China to show China’s warm invitation to friends from all over the world. It is also designed 49． (promote) the Olympic spirit. There is no doubt that it will be a 50． (wonder) ambassador for China and the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
【答案】
41．was shown
42．which
43．on
44．Dressed
45．strength
46．combination
47．a
48．perfectly
49．to promote
50．wonderful
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京2022年冬奥会吉祥物——冰墩墩。
41．考查动词时态及语态。句意：2019年9月17日，北京2022年冬奥会吉祥物在首钢冰球场向公众展示。此处是谓语动词，与主语是被动关系，应使用被动语态；由on September 17th, 2019可知，应使用一般过去时，因此应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was shown。
42．考查定语从句。句意：吉祥物的名字叫“冰墩墩”，与东道国的文化息息相关。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是the mascot，在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。
43．考查介词。句意：它的形象是根据大熊猫设计的。此处是短语be based on“根据，以……为基础，建立在……基础上”。故填on。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：熊猫身穿象征纯洁和力量的全身冰衣，头戴彩色光环的头盔。根据句意可知，此处是短语be dressed in“穿着”，省略be动词，使用过去分词词组做状语。故填Dressed。
45．考查名词。句意：熊猫身穿象征纯洁和力量的全身冰衣，头戴彩色光环的头盔。此处与purity是并列成分，应使用名词形式，意为“一种纯洁和力量的象征”。故填strength。
46．考查名词。句意：“冰墩墩”这个名字是汉语中几个意思的组合。根据空前a及空后of可知，此处使用名词单数形式。故填combination。
47．考查冠词。句意：“冰”在中文里是“冰”的意思，而“墩墩”则是中国孩子们常用的一个昵称，寓意着健康和可爱。根据空后common nickname可知，此处泛指“一个昵称”，common是以辅音音素开头的词，应使用不定冠词a。故填a。
48．考查副词。句意：吉祥物完美地结合了中国最好的元素和特色，展示了中国对来自世界各地朋友的热情邀请。此处修饰动词combines，应使用副词形式。故填perfectly。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：它也是为了弘扬奥林匹克精神而设计的。根据句意可知，此处是短语be designed to do“为……而设计”。故填to promote。
50．考查形容词。句意：毫无疑问，它将成为中国和2022年北京冬奥会的出色大使。此处修饰名词ambassador，应用形容词，意为“出色的大使”。故填wonderful。