高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement教学演示ppt课件

定语从句

一、定语从句的种类

根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

[观察例句]

This is the computer (that/which)he bought for his son yesterday.

这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。

I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want.

我会带你去一家超市，在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。

He is English, which I know from his accent.

他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。

This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you.

这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。

[归纳用法]

①限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as；关系副词有where, when, why。

②非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。

[即学即练1]——用适当的关系词填空

①Holly，who is from Australia, has a good command of Chinese.

②The dictionary，which our teacher bought yesterday, is helpful to us.

③I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.

④Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.

⑤Davis wanted to visit the farm where the seawater rice was grown.

二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

1．形式不同

[观察例句]

Here is the man who has been punished by the boss.

这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)

The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion.

这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)

[归纳用法]

限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。

2．先行词不同

[观察例句]

This is the best novel that I have ever read.

这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)

The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.

我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel)

The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited.

那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容)

[归纳用法]

限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。

3．关系词的使用情况不同

(1)that, why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句

[观察例句]

Most people didn't vote for him, which disappointed him.

大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他失望。

I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind.

我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。

[归纳用法]

指物时要用which代替that, for which代替why。

(2)关系代词替代情况不同

[观察例句]

This is the man (whom/who/that)we are talking about.

这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)

The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.

这个年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句)

She has a younger brother, who is an English teacher.

她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。

[归纳用法]

①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。

②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。

(3)关系代词省略情况不同

[观察例句]

This is a good film (which/that)I saw a few days ago.

这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)

The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to, is drawing near.

我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)

[归纳用法]

关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。

[即学即练2]——用适当的关系词填空

①Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected.

②The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2018.

③Can you tell me the reason why he was absent yesterday?

④We have a buyer who would like to view the house.

⑤He was a personal friend whom I've known for many years.

三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别

[观察例句]

As we all know, Lu Xun is a great writer.

众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。

He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.

他实验失败了，这是没有预料到的。

He is a cheat, as everyone can see.

每个人都看得出来，他是个骗子。

He did the experiment successfully, as had been expected.

正如期望的那样，他实验做成功了。

As we all know, paper was invented in China.

正如大家所知，纸是中国发明的。

[归纳用法]

①as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。

②as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。

③as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know，as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。

[即学即练3]——用适当的关系词填空

①The weather turned out to be very fine，which was more than we could expect.

②As has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.

③He failed in the driving test, as we had expected.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.

2．She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in which she distributed it to the children.

3．I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.

4．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.

5．Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.

6．Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.

7．The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.

8．Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party.

9．There was a net bar around here, as I remember.

10．He changed his mind again, which made us all angry.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空 (用适当的关系词填空)

The very film 1.that is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story 2.as is popular with the public, 3.whose hero and heroine are Jack and Rose.Rose is a young beautiful woman with 4.whom her mother went to America.Jack, 5.who won a ship ticket by playing cards, is a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 6.where they had a happy time.Sadly, the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg, 7.when Jack lost his life for saving Rose (everyone will be moved by the selfless way in 8.which most people can't behave in real life).Before Jack left Rose forever, he encouraged Rose to live well for him.9.As  is known to all, love is the strongest strength.And that's the reason 10.why Rose could live alone and tell us the moving story.