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- Unit 6 Section Ⅱ 知能演练轻松闯关(含答案解析） 课件 1 次下载
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Unit 6 Section Ⅱ Integrating skills & Developing ideas (word 教师用书）
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Section Ⅱ Integrating skills & Developing ideas
重点单词
基础词汇
1.barrier n. 障碍，壁垒
2.structure n. 结构，构造，组织
3.grand adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的
4.valley n. 谷，山谷
5.platform n. 高台，平台
6.thunder v. 打雷
7.channel n. 海峡
8.ocean n. 洋，大海
9.desert n. 沙漠，荒漠
10.sail v. (乘船)航行
11.publish v. 出版
12.expert adj. 内行的，专家的
13.rent v. 租用，租借
14.soul n. 灵魂
拓展词汇
15.beauty n．美，美丽→beautiful adj.美丽的
16.limited adj.有限的→limit n．(常作复数)范围→limitation n. 限制，局限
17.improve v. 改善，改进→improvement n．改善，改进
重点短语
1.be located in 坐落于
2.separate...from... 把……分开……
3.as well as 除……之外还；同……一样
好；既……又……
4.be good for 对……有好处
5.in doubt 存在疑问；怀疑
6.reflect on 仔细考虑，思考
7.a variety of 各种各样的
8.come onto the market 上市
9.have an effect on 对……有影响
10.give sb. a helping hand 帮助某人
重点句型
1.spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事：Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”， with around half the population spending their free time gardening(花空闲时间在园艺上).
2.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级：And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass(最喜欢把他们的星期天花在除草上), some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.
3.make＋宾语＋宾补：These gardens have helped make the cities greener(使城市变得更绿) and improve air quality.
Read the passage on Page 68 and choose the best answer.
1．What do the words“green fingers”in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．The ability to garden.
B．A taste for green.
C．Fingers in green color.
D．A love for green.
2．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the meaning of gardening?
A．It enriches people’s spiritual worlds.
B．It improves environment quality.
C．It enables expert gardeners to enter competitions.
D．It provides people with a wonderful time.
3．The author mentions “Where you tend a rose...A thistle cannot grow.” in the last paragraph in order to ________．
A．show the significance of the Secret Garden
B．encourage people to tend a rose
C．arouse people’s awareness of protecting environment
D．convince people that gardening has another advantage
答案：1－3.ACD
publish v．出版；刊登/发表(作品)
(教材P68)These words come from the author of the book The Secret Garden, first published in 1911. 这些单词来自于《秘密花园》的作者，该书首次出版于1911年。
publisher n． 出版商
publishing n. [U]出版业
①The company has published all of that author’s works.
这家公司已经出版了那位作者的全部著作。
②The results of his experiments were published(publish) in China in 1966.
1966年，他的实验结果在中国发表。
come out作“出版”讲时，为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；而publish“出版”为及物动词，可用于被动语态。
[巧学活用]——选词填空(publish/come out)
(1)(重庆卷)He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
(2)(陕西卷)His first novel has received good reviews since it came__out last month.
as well as 除……之外还；同……一样好；既……又……
(教材P70)As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul.
除了对环境有益之外，园艺也是有益于灵魂的。
(1)as well as用作连词，连接并列成分，相当于and, 意为“和；也；不但……而且……；既……又……”。
(2)as well as表示同级比较，意为“和……一样好”，此时是as...as...结构。
(3)as well as用作介词，意为“除……之外”，相当于besides或in addition to, 后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
①He has to study a second foreign language as well as English.
除了英语之外，他还必须学习第二外语。
②We are painting the walls as well as repairing(repair) the roof.
我们不但粉刷墙面而且还要修屋顶。
③The famous musician, as well as his students, was__invited(invite) to perform at the 2018 Spring Festival Gala.
那位著名的音乐家和他的学生们被邀请在2018年的春晚上演出。
④He tries to draw horses as__well__as Xu Beihong.
他努力把马画得和徐悲鸿一样好。
(1)as well as 连接并列主语时，谓语的数要与前面的那一个保持一致；类似结构还有：with, along with, together with, but, besides, rather than等。not only...but also...连接并列主语时，谓语的数要与后面的一个保持一致。
(2)as well as 在语意上强调前面的分句，而not only...but also...则强调后面的分句。即：B as well as A＝not only A but also B不但A而且B。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
不但他的太太，而且连他的孩子们都被邀请去参加聚会。
(1)His children as well as his wife were invited to the party.(as well as)
(2)Not only his wife but also his children were invited to the party.(not only...but also...)
limited adj.有限的
(教材P70)But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.
但在城市里，有限的空间导致人们寻找新的解决方案。
limit vt. 限制；限定
n. 界限；限定
limit...to... 把……限制到……
①(安徽卷)The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
通常来说，一个人的智力极限出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他的生活环境。
②I believe teaching should not be limited to the classroom.
我认为教学不应该局限于教室之内。
③He was born in a poor family, and only received a limited(limit) education in his childhood.
他出身贫寒，小时候接受的教育很有限。
have an effect on 对……有影响
(教材P71)Many people enjoy herbal tea because it can have a positive effect on energy levels.
许多人喜欢凉茶，因为它能对活力产生积极的影响。
(1)bring/carry/put...into effect 实施；使生效
come/go into effect＝take effect 开始生效；
开始实施
(2) affect vt. 影响；感动；侵袭
①(四川卷)Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.
全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动植物物种产生重大影响。
②A bad home environment can affect(effect) a child’s healthy growth.
不良的家庭环境能影响儿童的健康成长。
③(2019·辽宁本溪一中高一期中)The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism on the wildlife in the area.
这次会议的举行是为了讨论旅游对这个地区野生动物的影响。
④It won’t be easy to bring the law into effect.
把这部法律落实不是容易的事情。
⑤The number of people who run the red light has been on the decrease since the new traffic regulations came into effect.
自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。
Modern farming methods have greatly affected agriculture, which will have an effect on the environment.
现代农耕方法已经极大地影响了农业，它将对环境产生影响。
spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事
(教材P68)Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have“green fingers”， with around half the population spending their free time gardening.
今天，数百万英国人喜欢说他们有“绿色手指”，大约一半的人把他们的空闲时间花在园艺上。
句中“spending most of their free time gardening”为“spend time (in) doing sth”句型，意为“花费时间做某事”，其中介词in可以省略。表示“花费”的句型：
(1)sb. spend some time/money on sth.
在某事上某人花费多少时间/金钱
(2)sth. take (sb.) some time to do
某事花费(某人)多少时间去做
It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
做某事花费(某人)多少时间
(3)sth. cost (sb.) some time/money
某事花费(某人)多少时间/金钱
(4)sb.pay some money for sth./to do sth.
某人花费多少金钱做某事
①As it is known to everybody, I won’t spend too much time on this matter.
由于大家都知道这件事，我就不在这件事上多花时间了。
②She says that she’ll never forget the time which she has spent working(work) as a secretary in our company.
她说自己永远不会忘记她在我们公司做秘书的那段时光。
③It took me quite a long time to understand(understand) the meaning of the painting.
我花了相当长的时间才理解那幅画的意义。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
我们修理这辆自行车花了半个小时。
(1)It took us half an hour to repair the bicycle.(It；take)
(2)To repair the bicycle took us half an hour.(take)
(3)We spent half an hour(in) repairing the bicycle.(spend)
这辆车花了他15 000美元。
(4)The car cost him $15，000.(cost)
(5)He spent $15，000 on the car.(spend)
(6)He paid $15，000 for the car.(pay)
make＋宾语＋宾补
(教材P69)These gardens have helped make the cities greener and improve air quality.
这些花园有助于城市绿化和改善空气质量。
句中“make the cities greener”为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。其中the cities为宾语，greener为形容词作宾补。“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构的其他形式：
(1)make＋宾语＋介词短语
(2)make＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式(变为被动语态时，to要还原)
(3)make＋宾语＋名词(若为职务名词，其前不加冠词)
(4)make＋宾语＋过去分词
①The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient.
互联网使我们的生活变得容易和方便。
②“Make yourself at home，”the hostess said to me as soon as I entered the house.
我刚一进门，女主人就对我说：“别客气，就像在你自己家一样。”
③Children should be made to understand(understand) the importance of saving water.
应该让孩子们理解节约用水的重要性。
④The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard(hear)．
那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构中通常不用现在分词充当宾补。
品句填词
1．Located(坐落于) in the north of the North China Plain, Beijing has four distinct seasons. It is hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter.
2．After many years of hard work, he overcame the language barrier(障碍)．
3．Can you explain the structure(结构) of the sentence to me？I’m confused.
4．(北京卷)With new technology，pictures of underwater valleys(山谷) can be taken in color.
5．The grand(壮丽的) sight of Mount Huangshan is beyond description.
6．(天津卷)Life is like an ocean(海洋)：Only the strongwilled can reach the other shore.
7．It is/has been 3 years since I published(出版)my first book.
8．You’ll also get expert(专家的) advice on keeping your hair in good condition.
9．He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty(美) of his character was seen at its best when he worked with others.
10．His English improved(提高) rapidly because of his connection with British people.
完成句子
1．我们想知道这药对人们的健康是否有影响。
We want to know whether the drug has__an__effect__on people’s health.
2．我们让他当我们的班长。
We made__him__monitor of our class.
3．(辽宁卷)这本词典使用了大约2 000个有限的词汇来解释单词的释义。
This dictionary uses a__limited__number__of words, around 2，000, in its definitions.
4．他的第二本书将在下个月出版。
His second book will__come__out/be__published next month.
5．我们不仅可以更多地了解伟人的生活而且可以了解其他国家的历史和文化。
We can know more about the life of great people as__well__as history and cultures of other countries.
单句语法填空
1．She and her husband are now at work on a new novel to__be__published(publish) next year.
2．The U．S. is divided into 50 states and is separated from China by the Pacific.
3．Located(locate) in the east of Shandong Province, Qingdao is a famous tourism city and summer resort in China.
4．As far as I’m concerned, nothing is more__important(important) than studying hard.
5．Students should spend more time making(make) good preparations for the coming exam to get a good mark.
6．As well as writing(write) stories, I love reading and listening to music.
7．(湖北卷)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for character building.
8．Parents are eager to know what can make their own children happy(happiness)．
9．Polluted water has a bad effect on our life in this region, so something must be done to stop pollution.
10．It’s high time that I got down to reflecting on my mistakes in order to make greater progress.
阅读理解
A
It was the end of the school term and my son Tom had less than three months left before he would finish his six years at high school.During that time he developed a love for basketball. Sadly, because of my work over the last twelve months, I had only been able to attend a few of his games; however, I was determined to get to his last game for the school term.
Tom’s team led by just over 20 points at the end of the first half. The second half changed as the other team quickly came back. Tom’s team started to miss an increasing number of shots. It was at that point that the coach called his first timeout.
The spectators(观众) became quiet as the coach spoke to them. He had the team standing in a half circle, but he squatted (蹲) down, looking up at them and giving some very clear instructions on what they needed to do in the last couple of minutes. As he stood up to allow the team to return to the court, I saw he gave some further words of encouragement to all of them.
You could see that he knew that the team was fighting to save the game and that he needed to lift their spirits. By squatting down he placed himself in a position where he was talking up to them, rather than down or at them, and as the players went back onto the court his words of encouragement served to lift their energy and spirits.
Well, Tom’s team went on to win the final by 5 points. As I drove away I thought about what can happen to us all in our everyday life. One of my favourite quotes is about the halffilled glass of water —“Is the glass half empty or half full？”Like the coach, the answer to this quote all depends on how you look at things.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个有半杯水的杯子究竟是半满的还是半空的呢？作者参加儿子毕业前的一场篮球比赛时的所见所闻或许会给出我们答案。
1．Why did the writer go to see his son play basketball?
A．Because his son would graduate from high school.
B．Because he felt sorry for never watching his son play.
C．Because it was a final his son played a key role in.
D．Because he had a strong interest in basketball himself.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第一句“It was the end of the school term... at high school.”并结合本段最后一句中的“however, I was determined to get to his last game for the school term”可推知A项符合文意。
2．By squatting down, the coach wanted to ________．
A．talk about where the players were doing wrong
B．make the players feel better
C．prevent spectators from hearing what he said
D．show his anger at the bad performance of the players
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“By squatting down he placed himself in a position where he was talking up to them, rather than down or at them”可知，教练蹲下与队员们说话是为了让他们感觉好一些。
3．What is the writer’s attitude towards the coach?
A．Negative. B．Supportive.
C．Interested. D．Unconcerned.
B 解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的最后两句并结合孩子们在教练的鼓舞下赢了比赛这些细节，不难推断出作者是支持教练的，故B项符合文意。
4．What can we infer from the passage?
A．A father should care about his son at school.
B．Playing hard is rewarded with a close match.
C．What a coach says has the most influence on players.
D．Looking at things positively is important in hard times.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据本文的内容，尤其是教练在孩子们比赛失利时的表现，以及最后一段作者的感悟，可推知在困难时期，积极地看待问题是很重要的，故D项符合文意。
B
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and, as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age, and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.
With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes (脑量) of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs. Computer technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do with intellect and feelings, and decide the human character. As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls the tasks like eating and breathing, does not contract (萎缩) with age.
Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was seen in some people in their thirties, but it was still not found in some sixty and seventyyearolds.
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction — using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.“Those with least possibility，”says Matsuzawa，“are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are, however, as possible to have contracting brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants.”
【解题导语】 文章介绍了一项研究的发现：不经常用脑的人的大脑比经常用脑的人要萎缩得早。所以要想保持大脑的年轻，就要多使用大脑。
5．The team of doctors wanted to find out ________．
A．at what point people grow mentally old
B．how to make people live longer
C．the size of certain people’s brains
D．which people are the most clever
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段可知，这项调查是想弄清楚为什么人会在精神上变老，A项符合题意。
6．Their research findings are based on ________．
A．an examination of farmers in northern Japan
B．tests given on a thousand old people
C．examining the brain volumes of different people
D．using computer technology
C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段第一句“With a team of... with different jobs.”可知，这项研究是建立在对1 000个人的脑量的检测的基础之上的。
7．The researchers’ tests show that ________．
A．our brains contract as we grow older
B．one part of the brain does not contract
C．sixtyyearolds have better brains than thirtyyearolds
D．some people’s brains have contracted earlier than other people’s
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段的句子“Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off — was seen in some people in their thirties...”可知，有的人的大脑萎缩得比其他人早。
8．The most possible conclusion of the passage is that ________．
A．most of us take more exercise
B．it’s better to live in the town
C．the brain contracts if it is not used
D．the more one uses his brain, the sooner he becomes old
C 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段的句子“Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction—using the head.”可推知，人的大脑不经常使用会萎缩。
七选五
Sleep Advice for Kids of All Ages
It is important for each child to get enough sleep every day.Here，we’ll learn more about that.
How much sleep does a child need?
1．________Newborns 0 to 3 months should sleep 10 to 18 hours a day.Babies 4 to 11 months should start to sleep through the night, for 9 to 12 hours at a time.Toddlers(初学走路的孩子) 1 to 2 years need about 11 to 14 hours a day.Children 3 to 5 should get 11 to 13 hours a night.2.________Teenagers 14 and up need 8 to 10 hours of sleep.
What can parents do?
Set a strict nap(小睡) timetable.3.________Even older children can benefit(受益) from lateafternoon naps if they are not getting enough sleep at night.But keep them short—30 minutes at most.
4．________Remember to ask your child to turn off the television and the computer an hour before bed.If possible, get them out of your child’s bedroom since the light from electronic screens can make sleep a difficult job.
Get them moving.5.________Running around and playing sports is great，but kids can be active in other ways, too.Take the dog for a walk, or go to the park—just get them out of the house and get them moving.
A．Pay attention to screen time.
B．It usually depends on their age.
C．It’s OK to go to bed 30 minutes later.
D．Kids 6 to 13 need 9 to 11 hours of sleep.
E．Younger children should take a short sleep during the day.
F．Energy drinks can keep kids from falling or staying asleep.
G．Exercise during the day helps children sleep better at night.
【解题导语】 作者主要就孩子们的睡眠问题提出了几点建议。
1．B 解析：由该段小标题How much sleep does a child need？和该空后的相关内容可知，小孩需要多少睡眠取决于其年龄，故选B项。
2．D 解析：由该空前的Children 3 to 5 should get 11 to 13 hours a night.和空后的Teenagers 14 and up need 8 to 10 hours of sleep.可知，此处是讲6－13岁孩子所需的睡眠时间，故选D项。
3．E 解析：由该空前的Set a strict nap(小睡) timetable.和空后的older children可知，这里是说小一点的孩子在白天小睡的必要性，故选E项。
4．A 解析：由该空后的Remember to ask your child to turn off the television and the computer an hour before bed.和electronic screens可知，本段主要是讲看电视或是电脑的时间问题，故选A项。
5．G 解析：由该空前的Get them moving.和空后的Running around and playing sports可知，此处是讲孩子们在白天多锻炼的重要性，故选G项。
语法填空
Nana Kwabena was in and out of the hospital as 1.____________ child. He was born with sickle cell disease(镰状红细胞贫血症). It is a blood disorder that can be passed from parents to 2.____________(they) children. Kwabena’s brother died of the disease in 2011. After that, Kwabena started an organization 3.____________(call) All One Blood. The organization works to help young people 4.____________have sickle cell disease.
Worldwide, there are about 25 million people 5.____________(live) with sickle cell disease. In the United States, it affects(侵袭) about 100，000 people, according 6.____________the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 7.____________(study) show that one out of every 365 AfricanAmerican children are born with the disease. Many people 8.____________(wrong) believe that the disease affects only a small number of people.
All One Blood supports research to find a cure(治疗方法) for sickle cell disease. There are signs of hope. In 2015, the University of Illinois Hospital, in Chicago, 9.____________(report) that it had cured the disease in 12 people.
“I encourage kids 10.____________(know) that if you have sickle cell disease or anything that makes you who you are，” Kwabena says, “it can become a superpower for you to change the world with”．
1．a 解析：考查不定冠词。as a child意为“小时候”。
2．their 解析：考查代词。设空处作定语，表示“他们的”，故填形容词性物主代词their。
3．called 解析：考查过去分词作定语。设空处所在句意为“Kwabena成立了一个叫All One Blood的组织”，call与organization之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填called。
4．who/that 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词people，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
5．living 解析：考查动词ing形式作定语。people后跟定语，因为people与live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且live表示现在的状态，故填living。
6．to 解析：考查介词。according to意为“根据，依照”。
7．Studies 解析：考查名词复数。study在此表示“研究”，是可数名词，由谓语动词show可知，此处应用名词复数，故填Studies。
8．wrongly 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰believe，表示“错误地”，故填副词wrongly。
9．reported 解析：考查一般过去时。由In 2015可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填reported。
10．to know 解析：考查不定式作宾补。encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
重点单词
基础词汇
1.barrier n. 障碍，壁垒
2.structure n. 结构，构造，组织
3.grand adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的
4.valley n. 谷，山谷
5.platform n. 高台，平台
6.thunder v. 打雷
7.channel n. 海峡
8.ocean n. 洋，大海
9.desert n. 沙漠，荒漠
10.sail v. (乘船)航行
11.publish v. 出版
12.expert adj. 内行的，专家的
13.rent v. 租用，租借
14.soul n. 灵魂
拓展词汇
15.beauty n．美，美丽→beautiful adj.美丽的
16.limited adj.有限的→limit n．(常作复数)范围→limitation n. 限制，局限
17.improve v. 改善，改进→improvement n．改善，改进
重点短语
1.be located in 坐落于
2.separate...from... 把……分开……
3.as well as 除……之外还；同……一样
好；既……又……
4.be good for 对……有好处
5.in doubt 存在疑问；怀疑
6.reflect on 仔细考虑，思考
7.a variety of 各种各样的
8.come onto the market 上市
9.have an effect on 对……有影响
10.give sb. a helping hand 帮助某人
重点句型
1.spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事：Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”， with around half the population spending their free time gardening(花空闲时间在园艺上).
2.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级：And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass(最喜欢把他们的星期天花在除草上), some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.
3.make＋宾语＋宾补：These gardens have helped make the cities greener(使城市变得更绿) and improve air quality.
Read the passage on Page 68 and choose the best answer.
1．What do the words“green fingers”in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．The ability to garden.
B．A taste for green.
C．Fingers in green color.
D．A love for green.
2．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the meaning of gardening?
A．It enriches people’s spiritual worlds.
B．It improves environment quality.
C．It enables expert gardeners to enter competitions.
D．It provides people with a wonderful time.
3．The author mentions “Where you tend a rose...A thistle cannot grow.” in the last paragraph in order to ________．
A．show the significance of the Secret Garden
B．encourage people to tend a rose
C．arouse people’s awareness of protecting environment
D．convince people that gardening has another advantage
答案：1－3.ACD
publish v．出版；刊登/发表(作品)
(教材P68)These words come from the author of the book The Secret Garden, first published in 1911. 这些单词来自于《秘密花园》的作者，该书首次出版于1911年。
publisher n． 出版商
publishing n. [U]出版业
①The company has published all of that author’s works.
这家公司已经出版了那位作者的全部著作。
②The results of his experiments were published(publish) in China in 1966.
1966年，他的实验结果在中国发表。
come out作“出版”讲时，为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；而publish“出版”为及物动词，可用于被动语态。
[巧学活用]——选词填空(publish/come out)
(1)(重庆卷)He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
(2)(陕西卷)His first novel has received good reviews since it came__out last month.
as well as 除……之外还；同……一样好；既……又……
(教材P70)As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul.
除了对环境有益之外，园艺也是有益于灵魂的。
(1)as well as用作连词，连接并列成分，相当于and, 意为“和；也；不但……而且……；既……又……”。
(2)as well as表示同级比较，意为“和……一样好”，此时是as...as...结构。
(3)as well as用作介词，意为“除……之外”，相当于besides或in addition to, 后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
①He has to study a second foreign language as well as English.
除了英语之外，他还必须学习第二外语。
②We are painting the walls as well as repairing(repair) the roof.
我们不但粉刷墙面而且还要修屋顶。
③The famous musician, as well as his students, was__invited(invite) to perform at the 2018 Spring Festival Gala.
那位著名的音乐家和他的学生们被邀请在2018年的春晚上演出。
④He tries to draw horses as__well__as Xu Beihong.
他努力把马画得和徐悲鸿一样好。
(1)as well as 连接并列主语时，谓语的数要与前面的那一个保持一致；类似结构还有：with, along with, together with, but, besides, rather than等。not only...but also...连接并列主语时，谓语的数要与后面的一个保持一致。
(2)as well as 在语意上强调前面的分句，而not only...but also...则强调后面的分句。即：B as well as A＝not only A but also B不但A而且B。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
不但他的太太，而且连他的孩子们都被邀请去参加聚会。
(1)His children as well as his wife were invited to the party.(as well as)
(2)Not only his wife but also his children were invited to the party.(not only...but also...)
limited adj.有限的
(教材P70)But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.
但在城市里，有限的空间导致人们寻找新的解决方案。
limit vt. 限制；限定
n. 界限；限定
limit...to... 把……限制到……
①(安徽卷)The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
通常来说，一个人的智力极限出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他的生活环境。
②I believe teaching should not be limited to the classroom.
我认为教学不应该局限于教室之内。
③He was born in a poor family, and only received a limited(limit) education in his childhood.
他出身贫寒，小时候接受的教育很有限。
have an effect on 对……有影响
(教材P71)Many people enjoy herbal tea because it can have a positive effect on energy levels.
许多人喜欢凉茶，因为它能对活力产生积极的影响。
(1)bring/carry/put...into effect 实施；使生效
come/go into effect＝take effect 开始生效；
开始实施
(2) affect vt. 影响；感动；侵袭
①(四川卷)Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.
全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动植物物种产生重大影响。
②A bad home environment can affect(effect) a child’s healthy growth.
不良的家庭环境能影响儿童的健康成长。
③(2019·辽宁本溪一中高一期中)The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism on the wildlife in the area.
这次会议的举行是为了讨论旅游对这个地区野生动物的影响。
④It won’t be easy to bring the law into effect.
把这部法律落实不是容易的事情。
⑤The number of people who run the red light has been on the decrease since the new traffic regulations came into effect.
自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。
Modern farming methods have greatly affected agriculture, which will have an effect on the environment.
现代农耕方法已经极大地影响了农业，它将对环境产生影响。
spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事
(教材P68)Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have“green fingers”， with around half the population spending their free time gardening.
今天，数百万英国人喜欢说他们有“绿色手指”，大约一半的人把他们的空闲时间花在园艺上。
句中“spending most of their free time gardening”为“spend time (in) doing sth”句型，意为“花费时间做某事”，其中介词in可以省略。表示“花费”的句型：
(1)sb. spend some time/money on sth.
在某事上某人花费多少时间/金钱
(2)sth. take (sb.) some time to do
某事花费(某人)多少时间去做
It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
做某事花费(某人)多少时间
(3)sth. cost (sb.) some time/money
某事花费(某人)多少时间/金钱
(4)sb.pay some money for sth./to do sth.
某人花费多少金钱做某事
①As it is known to everybody, I won’t spend too much time on this matter.
由于大家都知道这件事，我就不在这件事上多花时间了。
②She says that she’ll never forget the time which she has spent working(work) as a secretary in our company.
她说自己永远不会忘记她在我们公司做秘书的那段时光。
③It took me quite a long time to understand(understand) the meaning of the painting.
我花了相当长的时间才理解那幅画的意义。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
我们修理这辆自行车花了半个小时。
(1)It took us half an hour to repair the bicycle.(It；take)
(2)To repair the bicycle took us half an hour.(take)
(3)We spent half an hour(in) repairing the bicycle.(spend)
这辆车花了他15 000美元。
(4)The car cost him $15，000.(cost)
(5)He spent $15，000 on the car.(spend)
(6)He paid $15，000 for the car.(pay)
make＋宾语＋宾补
(教材P69)These gardens have helped make the cities greener and improve air quality.
这些花园有助于城市绿化和改善空气质量。
句中“make the cities greener”为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。其中the cities为宾语，greener为形容词作宾补。“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构的其他形式：
(1)make＋宾语＋介词短语
(2)make＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式(变为被动语态时，to要还原)
(3)make＋宾语＋名词(若为职务名词，其前不加冠词)
(4)make＋宾语＋过去分词
①The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient.
互联网使我们的生活变得容易和方便。
②“Make yourself at home，”the hostess said to me as soon as I entered the house.
我刚一进门，女主人就对我说：“别客气，就像在你自己家一样。”
③Children should be made to understand(understand) the importance of saving water.
应该让孩子们理解节约用水的重要性。
④The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard(hear)．
那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构中通常不用现在分词充当宾补。
品句填词
1．Located(坐落于) in the north of the North China Plain, Beijing has four distinct seasons. It is hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter.
2．After many years of hard work, he overcame the language barrier(障碍)．
3．Can you explain the structure(结构) of the sentence to me？I’m confused.
4．(北京卷)With new technology，pictures of underwater valleys(山谷) can be taken in color.
5．The grand(壮丽的) sight of Mount Huangshan is beyond description.
6．(天津卷)Life is like an ocean(海洋)：Only the strongwilled can reach the other shore.
7．It is/has been 3 years since I published(出版)my first book.
8．You’ll also get expert(专家的) advice on keeping your hair in good condition.
9．He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty(美) of his character was seen at its best when he worked with others.
10．His English improved(提高) rapidly because of his connection with British people.
完成句子
1．我们想知道这药对人们的健康是否有影响。
We want to know whether the drug has__an__effect__on people’s health.
2．我们让他当我们的班长。
We made__him__monitor of our class.
3．(辽宁卷)这本词典使用了大约2 000个有限的词汇来解释单词的释义。
This dictionary uses a__limited__number__of words, around 2，000, in its definitions.
4．他的第二本书将在下个月出版。
His second book will__come__out/be__published next month.
5．我们不仅可以更多地了解伟人的生活而且可以了解其他国家的历史和文化。
We can know more about the life of great people as__well__as history and cultures of other countries.
单句语法填空
1．She and her husband are now at work on a new novel to__be__published(publish) next year.
2．The U．S. is divided into 50 states and is separated from China by the Pacific.
3．Located(locate) in the east of Shandong Province, Qingdao is a famous tourism city and summer resort in China.
4．As far as I’m concerned, nothing is more__important(important) than studying hard.
5．Students should spend more time making(make) good preparations for the coming exam to get a good mark.
6．As well as writing(write) stories, I love reading and listening to music.
7．(湖北卷)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for character building.
8．Parents are eager to know what can make their own children happy(happiness)．
9．Polluted water has a bad effect on our life in this region, so something must be done to stop pollution.
10．It’s high time that I got down to reflecting on my mistakes in order to make greater progress.
阅读理解
A
It was the end of the school term and my son Tom had less than three months left before he would finish his six years at high school.During that time he developed a love for basketball. Sadly, because of my work over the last twelve months, I had only been able to attend a few of his games; however, I was determined to get to his last game for the school term.
Tom’s team led by just over 20 points at the end of the first half. The second half changed as the other team quickly came back. Tom’s team started to miss an increasing number of shots. It was at that point that the coach called his first timeout.
The spectators(观众) became quiet as the coach spoke to them. He had the team standing in a half circle, but he squatted (蹲) down, looking up at them and giving some very clear instructions on what they needed to do in the last couple of minutes. As he stood up to allow the team to return to the court, I saw he gave some further words of encouragement to all of them.
You could see that he knew that the team was fighting to save the game and that he needed to lift their spirits. By squatting down he placed himself in a position where he was talking up to them, rather than down or at them, and as the players went back onto the court his words of encouragement served to lift their energy and spirits.
Well, Tom’s team went on to win the final by 5 points. As I drove away I thought about what can happen to us all in our everyday life. One of my favourite quotes is about the halffilled glass of water —“Is the glass half empty or half full？”Like the coach, the answer to this quote all depends on how you look at things.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个有半杯水的杯子究竟是半满的还是半空的呢？作者参加儿子毕业前的一场篮球比赛时的所见所闻或许会给出我们答案。
1．Why did the writer go to see his son play basketball?
A．Because his son would graduate from high school.
B．Because he felt sorry for never watching his son play.
C．Because it was a final his son played a key role in.
D．Because he had a strong interest in basketball himself.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第一句“It was the end of the school term... at high school.”并结合本段最后一句中的“however, I was determined to get to his last game for the school term”可推知A项符合文意。
2．By squatting down, the coach wanted to ________．
A．talk about where the players were doing wrong
B．make the players feel better
C．prevent spectators from hearing what he said
D．show his anger at the bad performance of the players
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“By squatting down he placed himself in a position where he was talking up to them, rather than down or at them”可知，教练蹲下与队员们说话是为了让他们感觉好一些。
3．What is the writer’s attitude towards the coach?
A．Negative. B．Supportive.
C．Interested. D．Unconcerned.
B 解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的最后两句并结合孩子们在教练的鼓舞下赢了比赛这些细节，不难推断出作者是支持教练的，故B项符合文意。
4．What can we infer from the passage?
A．A father should care about his son at school.
B．Playing hard is rewarded with a close match.
C．What a coach says has the most influence on players.
D．Looking at things positively is important in hard times.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据本文的内容，尤其是教练在孩子们比赛失利时的表现，以及最后一段作者的感悟，可推知在困难时期，积极地看待问题是很重要的，故D项符合文意。
B
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and, as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age, and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.
With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes (脑量) of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs. Computer technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do with intellect and feelings, and decide the human character. As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls the tasks like eating and breathing, does not contract (萎缩) with age.
Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was seen in some people in their thirties, but it was still not found in some sixty and seventyyearolds.
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction — using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.“Those with least possibility，”says Matsuzawa，“are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are, however, as possible to have contracting brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants.”
【解题导语】 文章介绍了一项研究的发现：不经常用脑的人的大脑比经常用脑的人要萎缩得早。所以要想保持大脑的年轻，就要多使用大脑。
5．The team of doctors wanted to find out ________．
A．at what point people grow mentally old
B．how to make people live longer
C．the size of certain people’s brains
D．which people are the most clever
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段可知，这项调查是想弄清楚为什么人会在精神上变老，A项符合题意。
6．Their research findings are based on ________．
A．an examination of farmers in northern Japan
B．tests given on a thousand old people
C．examining the brain volumes of different people
D．using computer technology
C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段第一句“With a team of... with different jobs.”可知，这项研究是建立在对1 000个人的脑量的检测的基础之上的。
7．The researchers’ tests show that ________．
A．our brains contract as we grow older
B．one part of the brain does not contract
C．sixtyyearolds have better brains than thirtyyearolds
D．some people’s brains have contracted earlier than other people’s
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段的句子“Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off — was seen in some people in their thirties...”可知，有的人的大脑萎缩得比其他人早。
8．The most possible conclusion of the passage is that ________．
A．most of us take more exercise
B．it’s better to live in the town
C．the brain contracts if it is not used
D．the more one uses his brain, the sooner he becomes old
C 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段的句子“Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction—using the head.”可推知，人的大脑不经常使用会萎缩。
七选五
Sleep Advice for Kids of All Ages
It is important for each child to get enough sleep every day.Here，we’ll learn more about that.
How much sleep does a child need?
1．________Newborns 0 to 3 months should sleep 10 to 18 hours a day.Babies 4 to 11 months should start to sleep through the night, for 9 to 12 hours at a time.Toddlers(初学走路的孩子) 1 to 2 years need about 11 to 14 hours a day.Children 3 to 5 should get 11 to 13 hours a night.2.________Teenagers 14 and up need 8 to 10 hours of sleep.
What can parents do?
Set a strict nap(小睡) timetable.3.________Even older children can benefit(受益) from lateafternoon naps if they are not getting enough sleep at night.But keep them short—30 minutes at most.
4．________Remember to ask your child to turn off the television and the computer an hour before bed.If possible, get them out of your child’s bedroom since the light from electronic screens can make sleep a difficult job.
Get them moving.5.________Running around and playing sports is great，but kids can be active in other ways, too.Take the dog for a walk, or go to the park—just get them out of the house and get them moving.
A．Pay attention to screen time.
B．It usually depends on their age.
C．It’s OK to go to bed 30 minutes later.
D．Kids 6 to 13 need 9 to 11 hours of sleep.
E．Younger children should take a short sleep during the day.
F．Energy drinks can keep kids from falling or staying asleep.
G．Exercise during the day helps children sleep better at night.
【解题导语】 作者主要就孩子们的睡眠问题提出了几点建议。
1．B 解析：由该段小标题How much sleep does a child need？和该空后的相关内容可知，小孩需要多少睡眠取决于其年龄，故选B项。
2．D 解析：由该空前的Children 3 to 5 should get 11 to 13 hours a night.和空后的Teenagers 14 and up need 8 to 10 hours of sleep.可知，此处是讲6－13岁孩子所需的睡眠时间，故选D项。
3．E 解析：由该空前的Set a strict nap(小睡) timetable.和空后的older children可知，这里是说小一点的孩子在白天小睡的必要性，故选E项。
4．A 解析：由该空后的Remember to ask your child to turn off the television and the computer an hour before bed.和electronic screens可知，本段主要是讲看电视或是电脑的时间问题，故选A项。
5．G 解析：由该空前的Get them moving.和空后的Running around and playing sports可知，此处是讲孩子们在白天多锻炼的重要性，故选G项。
语法填空
Nana Kwabena was in and out of the hospital as 1.____________ child. He was born with sickle cell disease(镰状红细胞贫血症). It is a blood disorder that can be passed from parents to 2.____________(they) children. Kwabena’s brother died of the disease in 2011. After that, Kwabena started an organization 3.____________(call) All One Blood. The organization works to help young people 4.____________have sickle cell disease.
Worldwide, there are about 25 million people 5.____________(live) with sickle cell disease. In the United States, it affects(侵袭) about 100，000 people, according 6.____________the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 7.____________(study) show that one out of every 365 AfricanAmerican children are born with the disease. Many people 8.____________(wrong) believe that the disease affects only a small number of people.
All One Blood supports research to find a cure(治疗方法) for sickle cell disease. There are signs of hope. In 2015, the University of Illinois Hospital, in Chicago, 9.____________(report) that it had cured the disease in 12 people.
“I encourage kids 10.____________(know) that if you have sickle cell disease or anything that makes you who you are，” Kwabena says, “it can become a superpower for you to change the world with”．
1．a 解析：考查不定冠词。as a child意为“小时候”。
2．their 解析：考查代词。设空处作定语，表示“他们的”，故填形容词性物主代词their。
3．called 解析：考查过去分词作定语。设空处所在句意为“Kwabena成立了一个叫All One Blood的组织”，call与organization之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填called。
4．who/that 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词people，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
5．living 解析：考查动词ing形式作定语。people后跟定语，因为people与live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且live表示现在的状态，故填living。
6．to 解析：考查介词。according to意为“根据，依照”。
7．Studies 解析：考查名词复数。study在此表示“研究”，是可数名词，由谓语动词show可知，此处应用名词复数，故填Studies。
8．wrongly 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰believe，表示“错误地”，故填副词wrongly。
9．reported 解析：考查一般过去时。由In 2015可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填reported。
10．to know 解析：考查不定式作宾补。encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
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