2022郑州高二上学期期末考试英语含解析

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2021-2022学年上期期末考试
高二英语试题卷
本试卷分四部分，考试时间120分钟，满分150分。考生应首先阅读答题卡上的文字信息，然后在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上作答无效。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is the woman going?
A. The train station. B.The National Museum. C.Peking University.
2. What does the woman want to do?
A. Eat the apple. B.Throw the apple away. C. Plant the apple seeds.
3. Why doesn’t the man eat his cake?
A. He wants to save it. B.He has a toothache. C.He dislikes chocolate.
4. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Host and guest.
B.Waiter and customer.
C. Salesman and customer.
5. How much will the woman pay for the headphones?
A. $ 70. B. $ 80. C. $ 100.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How will the woman go to the Main Station?
A. By train. B. By bike. C. By car.
7. Where will the speakers meet?
A. At a bookshop. B. At the ticket office. C. At the woman’s home.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How is the woman trying to lose weight now?
A. By eating every other day.
B. By drinking plenty of water.
C. By eating orange-colored foods.
9. What does the man think of the woman’s diets?
A. Balanced. B. Ridiculous. C. Effective
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What’s the problem with the woman’s watch?
A. It needs cleaning.
B. It is ruined by water.
C. It needs a new battery.
11. What does the shop offer if the woman changes a battery there?
A. A free battery.
B. One-year guarantee.
C. Free cleaning service.
12. Why can’t the woman have her watch repaired right away?
A. The man can’t fix it at the moment.
B. The woman doesn’t have enough money on her.
C. There is no right battery in the shop now.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where does the conversation take place probably?
A. In a company. B. In a shopping mall. C. In a cinema.
14. How did Paul feel when seeing Deborah?
A. Puzzled. B. Embarrassed. C. Excited.
15. Why is Deborah in Manchester?
A. She is working there.
B. She is travelling there.
C. She is attending a meeting.
16. What is Deborah going to do next?
A. Have dinner. B. See a movie. C. Buy a new skirt.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where is Stonehenge located?
A. In Egypt. B. In China. C. In England.
18. When did Stonehenge start to be built?
A In 4000 BC.
B. Between 3000 and 2000 BC.
C. In 1600 BC.
19. What does the speaker say about Stonehenge?
A. It was built in stages.
B. It’s the oldest construction in the world.
C. The supporting stones are 2.29 meters tall.
20. What do most scientists think about Stonehenge?
A. It’s a royal palace.
B. It’s a religious site.
C. It’s a burial ground.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Most Famous Paintings in the World
Among the millions of paintings that are created and shown in galleries and museums all around the world, a very small number go beyond time and make history. Below are some examples.
The Persistence of Memory — Salvador Dali. Painted in 1931, The Persistence of Memory is one of the most splendid pieces in art history. This work is known to make people reflect on their way of life and the way they spend their time, and it is also thought that Albert Einstein’s famous Theory of Relativity gave Dali the idea for this wonderful painting.
Girl with a Pearl Earring — Johannes Vermeer. Considered by many to be “the Dutch Mona Lisa”, this beautiful painting features an unnamed young woman looking over her shoulder to stare directly at the viewer. It was completed in 1665 and is exhibited in the Mauritshuis in The Hague, the Netherlands.
Guernica — Pablo Picasso. The famous painting by Picasso was completed in 1937. It was painted in Paris following the bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. The painting is on permanent display in the Museo Reina Sofia, Madrid, Spain.
Starry Night — Vincent van Gogh. Painted in 1889, Starry Night is one of the most famous paintings in modern culture, which is part of the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. It is based on van Gogh’s direct observations as well as his imagination, memories, and emotions and was the inspiration for the song Vincent (also known as Starry, Starry Night).
1. What do we know about The Persistence of Memory?
A. It was finished in the late 1930s.
B. It centers on the painter’s lifestyle.
C. It is the most brilliant in art history.
D. It may be inspired by a well-known theory.
2. Which painting is based on a true story?
A. Guernica. B. Starry Night.
C. Girl with a Pearl Earring. D. The Persistence of Memory.
3. What do the four paintings have in common?
A. They share the similar theme.
B. They enjoy a good reputation.
C. They are on permanent display.
D. They are created from the painter’s personal experience.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四幅世界名画的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Persistence of Memory中的“This work is known to make people reflect on their way of life and the way they spend their time, and it is also thought that Albert Einstein’s famous Theory of Relativity gave Dali the idea for this wonderful painting.(这幅作品被认为是让人们反思他们的生活方式和他们度过时间的方式，也被认为是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦著名的“相对论”给了达利创作这幅美妙画作的灵感。)”可知，有人认为这幅画的灵感来自于爱因斯坦著名理论“相对论”的启发。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。对比四幅画的相关介绍，尤其是Guernica中的“It was painted in Paris following the bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War.(这幅画是在西班牙内战期间格尔尼卡爆炸后在巴黎画的。)”可知，这幅画是以真实事件为创作背景的。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Among the millions of paintings that are created and shown in galleries and museums all around the world, a very small number go beyond time and make history. Below are some examples. (在世界各地的画廊和博物馆创作和展出的数百万幅画作中，只有一小部分超越了时间，创造了历史。 下面是一些例子。)”和下文信息可知，这些画都超越时间，创造了历史。由此可推断，这些画享有良好的声誉。故选B。
B
Robert Louis Stevenson was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1850. Stevenson liked to regard his childhood as a golden age; in reality it was also, as he later admitted, full of unpleasant dreams, sleeplessness and feverish colds, which resulted from a lung condition.
In September 1857, Stevenson went to Mr Henderson’s School, but because of physical weakness he stayed only a few weeks and didn’t return until October 1859. In October 1864, he was sent to Robert Thomson’s private school. Stevenson became a student at the University of Edinburgh from November 1867 and unwillingly prepared himself for the engineering profession. In April 1871, he told his father he cared for nothing but literature. His father was naturally disappointed, and they finally reached an agreement that his son should read law first. In fact, Stevenson published a historical essay in 1866 at his father’s expense.
All through his university years, when he was looked upon as a lazy student ignoring his formal education, Stevenson was in fact reading widely and conscientiously (勤勉认真地). He learned how to write by describing what he saw and, above all, by letting himself write in the same way as other authors did. In this way, he learned from a wide range of authors.
A turning point in Stevenson’s life came in the summer of 1873 when he met Professor Sidney Colvin and his friend Mrs Frances Sitwell who recognized his potential and did all they could to support him. Colvin became Stevenson’s literary adviser and closest friend. In 1875, he became a lawyer, but he soon gave up the profession and devoted himself to literary work. Under Colvin’s influence, Stevenson’s essays began to appear in magazines. From 1876, he began to write a series of essays containing light-hearted observations on life, and they became very popular.
4. What can be learned from Paragraph 1 and 2?
A. He was in poor health as a child.
B. He unfortunately developed lung cancer.
C. He quit school owing to his poor grades.
D. He learned engineering with great enthusiasm.
5. What did Stevenson’s father do in response to his love for literature?
A. He simply ignored it.
B. He firmly opposed it.
C. He deeply doubted it.
D. He conditionally supported it.
6. How did Stevenson mainly improve his writing skills?
A. By reading widely.
B. By practicing regularly.
C. By copying others’ styles.
D. By giving descriptions of things.
7. Which contributed most to Stevenson’s success in literature?
A. His great passion for literature.
B. The help from Colvin and Sitwell.
C. His careful observations on life.
D. His constant writing for magazines.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作家史蒂文森的成长经历。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“in reality it was also, as he later admitted, full of unpleasant dreams, sleeplessness and feverish colds, which resulted from a lung condition.(事实上，正如他后来承认的那样，那里充满了不愉快的梦、失眠和由肺部疾病引起的发烧感冒。)”和第二段“In September 1857, Stevenson went to Mr Henderson’s School, but because of physical weakness he stayed only a few weeks and didn’t return until October 1859.(1857年9月，史蒂文森去了亨德森先生的学校，但由于身体虚弱，他只呆了几个星期，直到1859年10月才回来。)”可知，史蒂文森小时候身体不好。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In April 1871, he told his father he cared for nothing but literature. His father was naturally disappointed, and they finally reached an agreement that his son should read law first. (1871年4月，他告诉父亲，他只喜欢文学。他的父亲自然很失望，他们最终达成协议，儿子应该先读法律。)”可推断，史蒂文森的父亲有条件地支持他对文学的热爱。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“All through his university years, when he was looked upon as a lazy student ignoring his formal education, Stevenson was in fact reading widely and conscientiously (勤勉认真地). He learned how to write by describing what he saw and, above all, by letting himself write in the same way as other authors did. In this way, he learned from a wide range of authors. (在整个大学时代，史蒂文森被认为是一个懒惰的学生，忽视了他的正规教育，事实上，他广泛而认真地阅读。他学会了如何通过描述他所看到的东西来写作，最重要的是，他让自己像其他作家那样写作。通过这种方式，他向许多作家学习。)”可知，史蒂文森通过模仿别人的风格来提高他的写作技巧的。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“A turning point in Stevenson’s life came in the summer of 1873 when he met Professor Sidney Colvin and his friend Mrs Frances Sitwell, who recognized his potential and did all they could to support him. (1873年夏天，史蒂文森遇到了西德尼·科尔文教授和他的朋友弗朗西丝·西特韦尔夫人，两人认识到他的潜力，并尽其所能支持他，这是史蒂文森人生的转折点。)”可知，史蒂文森在文学上的成功主要归功于科尔文和西特韦尔的帮助。故选B。
C
The future of the city is here. Sidewalk Labs, a company owned by Alphabet, won a competition to design a neighborhood by Lake Ontario. The competition was held as a way to improve the buildings, public spaces, and transportation. In total, the planning phase should last one year.
The city of Toronto has promised $ 1.25 billion for roads, sidewalks, electricity, water, and so on. Sidewalk Labs has already put $ 50 million into the project. Doctoroff says he is not worried about money — profit can be made from the technology and development. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau also says the project will bring well-paying jobs.
The neighborhood has already been given the name “Quayside”. It will include various scientific technologies connected with environmental improvement such as heated sidewalk, bike paths to melt snow, self-driving buses, shared-ride taxi robots and narrower streets with fewer cars and more room for public spaces like parks. There will also be energy systems, changeable traffic lights, and continuous improvement through collecting and analyzing data from sensors (传感器) for monitoring traffic flow, noise levels, air quality, energy usage, travel patterns, and waste output.
As for construction, the buildings will be made of plastic instead of wood or steel, to make them more affordable and easier to change. Underground passages will be used for trash collection, package delivery, and maintenance (维护).
There are, of course, many concerns about the project. One concern is that making an expensive, hi-tech neighborhood won’t help with a housing crisis in Toronto. It is important for Quayside to be accessible to the elderly, the disabled, and people of diverse races and income levels.
Another concern is about data collection and residents’ privacy. In response, Doctoroff says the data collection will only be used to improve the quality of life in Quayside, privacy to be built into every aspect of the neighborhood.
New and unique, the futuristic neighborhood will no doubt have many issues. In spite of these, it will be interesting to see its evolution.
8. What does Paragraph 2 talk about?
A. The faith in building Quayside.
B. The concerns of building Quayside.
C. The difficulty in building Quayside.
D. The expense of building Quayside.
9. What’s the feature of the technologies in Quayside?
A. Old-fashioned. B. Environmentally-friendly.
C. Energy-consuming. D. Cost-effective.
10. Why does the author mention all the concerns?
A. To question the possibility of the project.
B. To try to find a solution to the problems.
C. To show people’s disapproval of the project.
D. To make people aware of the potential shortcomings.
11. What is the author’s attitude to Quayside?
A. Skeptical. B. Neutral. C. Positive. D. Unfavorable.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Sidewalk Labs将在加拿大安大略湖旁建设一个叫作 Quayside的地区。Quayside将包含高科技和环保设计，从而改善该区域的住房，公共区域和交通情况。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The city of Toronto has promised $ 1.25 billion for roads, sidewalks, electricity, water, and so on. Sidewalk Labs has already put $ 50 million into the project. Doctoroff says he is not worried about money — profit can be made from the technology and development. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau also says the project will bring well-paying jobs.(多伦多市承诺为道路、人行道、电力、水等项目投入12.5亿美元。Sidewalk Labs已经为该项目投入了5000万美元。多克托罗夫说，他不担心钱——利润可以从技术和开发中获得。加拿大总理特鲁多也表示，该项目将带来高薪工作。)”可知，本段主要讲建造Quayside的信念。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“It will include various scientific technologies connected with environmental improvement such as heated sidewalk, bike paths to melt snow, self-driving buses, shared-ride taxi robots and narrower streets with fewer cars and more room for public spaces like parks. There will also be energy systems, changeable traffic lights, and continuous improvement through collecting and analyzing data from sensors (传感器) for monitoring traffic flow, noise levels, air quality, energy usage, travel patterns, and waste output. (它将包括各种与环境改善有关的科学技术，如加热人行道、用于融雪的自行车道、自动驾驶公交车、共享出租车机器人，以及车辆减少、用于公园等公共空间的更窄街道。能源系统、多变的交通信号灯，以及通过收集和分析传感器数据来监测交通流量、噪音水平、空气质量、能源使用、出行模式和废物输出的持续改进。)”可知，Quayside的技术特点是环保。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“One concern is that making an expensive, hi-tech neighborhood won’t help with a housing crisis in Toronto. (一个令人担忧的问题是，建造一个昂贵的高科技社区无助于解决多伦多的住房危机。)”和第六段“Another concern is about data collection and residents’ privacy.(另一个问题是数据收集和居民隐私。)”可推断，作者提到所有这些问题是让人们意识到潜在的缺点。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“It is important for Quayside to be accessible to the elderly, the disabled, and people of diverse races and income levels. (对于老年人、残疾人、不同种族和收入水平的人来说，Quayside是很重要的。)”和最后一段“New and unique, the futuristic neighborhood will no doubt have many issues. In spite of these, it will be interesting to see its evolution. (新而独特的未来社区无疑会有很多问题。尽管如此，观察它的演变还是很有趣的。)”可推断，作者对Quayside的态度是积极的。故选C。
D
During the annual political meetings, environmental protection was definitely among the biggest concerns. Actually, it was also an issue that ancient Chinese paid great attention to. In fact, the world’s earliest environmental protection concept, ministry and laws were all born in China. So, what did the ancient Chinese do to protect the environment?
In early ancient China, environmental protection was promoted to the political level. Xunzi, a famous thinker in Warring States Period, brought up the concept of “managing state affairs through environmental protection”. He stated in his book that vegetations (植被) should not be damaged at will. Guan Zhong, an official 400 years ahead of Xunzi, was also an environmental protection expert. During his term of office, he claimed that “a King who cannot protect his vegetations is not qualified to be a king”.
According to a record in Qing dynasty, the environmental protection ministry in early ancient China was called “Yu”, standing both for the institution and the official title. Although most functions were similar to such ministries today, the administration range of it was much larger, including the mountains, forests, rivers, lakes and so on.
The nine ministries established by Shun, an ancient Chinese king, already included “Yu”, the environmental protection ministry. The first “Yu” official was a man called Boyi, who was indeed an environmental protection expert. He was a capable assistant to Dayu, an ancient Chinese water-control expert. He invented wells, protecting people’s drinking water from pollution. He knew a lot about animals and also called for animal protection.
Environmental protection laws dated back to the ruling period of Dayu, which was more than 4,000 years ago. During his rule, he issued a ban, forbidding people to cut down wood in March or catch fish in June, the time when they were supposed to boom.
In Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period almost 3,000 years ago, “environmental protection laws” appeared in its true sense in Qin, which was recorded in Law of Fields and regarded as China’s earliest “environmental protection laws”.
12. Which statement would Xunzi probably agree with?
A. Vegetations shouldn’t be damaged at all.
B. Much attention should be paid to people’s drinking water.
C. The king who failed to protect the environment should be removed.
D. Ruling a country and environmental protection should be combined.
13. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The Qing dynasty. B. The ministry of Yu.
C. The official title. D. The modern ministry.
14. Why couldn’t fish be caught in June during Dayu’s rule?
A. Fish didn’t taste delicious in June.
B. It was too hot to catch fish in June.
C. Fish had a period of rapid growth in June.
D. Fish-catching time had already passed in June.
15. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. How the Chinese Protect the Environment
B. Famous Environmental Protection Experts in Ancient China
C. Three Aspects of Environmental Protection in Ancient China
D. Measures of the World’s Earliest Environmental Protection
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代对环保的重视以及各朝代政府设立环境保护部门来保护环境。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Xunzi, a famous thinker in Warring States Period, brought up the concept of managing state affairs through environmental protection. He stated in his book that vegetation (植被) should not be damaged at will. (荀子是战国时期著名的思想家，他提出了通过环境保护来管理国家事务的概念。他在书中指出，植被不应被随意破坏。) ”可知，荀子认为治国应与环保相结合，植被不应被随意破坏。故选D。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“According to a record in Qing dynasty, the environmental protection ministry in early ancient China was called “Yu”, standing both for the institution and the official title. Although most functions were similar to such ministries today, the administration range of it was much larger, including the mountains, forests, rivers, lakes and so on. (据清代记载，中国古代早期的环保部称为“虞”，既代表机构，也代表官衔。虽然大多数职能类似于今天的部门，但其管理范围要大得多，包括山区、森林、河流、湖泊等。) ”可知，it指代上文被称为“虞”的环保部（The ministry of Yu）。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“During his rule, he issued a ban, forbidding people to cut down wood in March or catch fish in June, the time when they were supposed to boom. (在他执政期间，他颁布了一项禁令，禁止人们在3月份砍伐树木，或在6月份捕鱼， 6月份正是鱼类要发育的时候) ”可知，大禹规定六月不能捕鱼是因为六月是鱼类快速生长的一段时期。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“In fact, the world’s earliest environmental protection concept, ministry and laws were all born in China. So, what did the ancient Chinese do to protect the environment? (事实上，世界上最早的环保理念、部门和法律都诞生于中国。那么，古代中国人是如何保护环境的呢？)”和下文内容可知，文章介绍了中国古代对环保理念的重视以及各朝代政府设立环境保护部门和法律来保护环境。所以C项“Three Aspects of Environmental Protection in Ancient China(中国古代环境保护的三个方面)”符合文意。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Reading poetry can be challenging, but learning how to carefully move through a poem is also very rewarding. ____16____ However, by following the tips below, anyone can have the deeply rewarding experience of connecting to a great poem.
Feel various sounds. Poetry is made to be heard. You’re probably familiar with rhyming poems but there are many sound elements that poets use not only to make the poem sound beautiful, but to enhance the meaning or intention of a poem. ____17____ What do you notice about how it sounds? How does the sound enhance an overall theme, mood, or message?
____18____ Many poems may use words or reference places or times in history that may be unfamiliar to you. Be curious enough to look up all the words and references by various means. You should also gather information about the poet and his life background. All of these can offer essential context to bring the poem to life.
Analyze the figurative (比喻的) language in the poem. Figurative language could be words that are repeated often in the poem or words that rhyme in each stanza (节). To get more into the figurative meaning of the poem, you should look at how the poet uses literary methods like metaphor (隐喻), simile, and imagery. ____19____
Finally, you don’t have to fully understand it. If you like the way a poem sounds when you read it aloud, but don’t know what it “means”, that’s OK! ____20____ The great thing about art is that it can have lots of different meanings or seemingly no meaning at all and can sill be enjoyed. The same goes for poetry.
A. Consult the dictionary.
B. Curiosity kills the confusion.
C. They are often used to add deeper meaning to the poem.
D. Maybe it makes sense in a way that you can’t necessarily express.
E. Once you find a poem that interests you, read it out loud several times.
F. You should also pay attention to how the poet opens and closes the poem.
G. Unlike painting and music, poetry requires much extra effort to harvest its full effects.
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了如何体验阅读诗歌带来的好处。
【16题详解】
上文“Reading poetry can be challenging, but learning how to carefully move through a poem is also very rewarding.(阅读诗歌是一种挑战，但学习如何仔细阅读诗歌也是非常有益的。)”以及下文“However, by following the tips below, anyone can have the deeply rewarding experience of connecting to a great poem.(然而，按照下面的提示，任何人都可以拥有与一首伟大诗歌联系在一起的深刻体验。)”说明阅读诗歌是一种挑战，要体会到诗歌的益处是需要一些技巧的，由However可知，空处和下文是转折关系，G项“与绘画和音乐不同，诗歌需要额外的努力才能获得它的全部效果。”符合，承接上文，也和下文构成转折关系，虽然需要努力才能获得诗歌的益处，但是也有一些技巧帮你阅读诗歌，让你获得诗歌的益处。故选G。
【17题详解】
上文“Poetry is made to be heard.(诗歌就是为了被人听见而创作的。)”以及下文“What do you notice about how it sounds? How does the sound enhance an overall theme, mood, or message?(你注意到它听起来怎么样了吗? 声音是如何增强整个主题、情绪或信息的？)”说明朗读诗歌的声音会使人注意到它听起来怎么样，E项“一旦你发现一首你感兴趣的诗，大声读几遍。”承上启下，符合题意。故选E。
【18题详解】
下文“Be curious enough to look up all the words and references that you’re unfamiliar with.(有足够的好奇心去查阅所有你不熟悉的单词和参考资料。)”说明在阅读诗歌时，要有足够的好奇心，去查阅不熟悉的单词和参考资料，B项“好奇心消除困惑。”可以作为本段中心句，符合题意。故选B。
19题详解】
上文“To get more into the figurative meaning of the poem, you should look at how the poet use literary devices like metaphor, simile, and imagery.(为了进一步了解这首诗的比喻意义，你应该看看诗人如何运用文学手法，比如隐喻，明喻和意象。)”说明诗人运用文学手法，进一步增加诗歌的比喻意义，C项中they指代上文中的文学手法，C项“它们经常被用来为诗歌增添更深层的意义。”承接上文，符合题意。故选C。
【20题详解】
上文“If you like the way a poem sounds when you read it aloud, but don’t know what it “means”, that’s OK! (如果你喜欢大声朗读一首诗的声音，但不知道它的“意思”是什么，那没关系！)”指出，即使你不知道诗歌的意思也是没关系的，空处应该承接上文，对上文作出解释，D项“也许它在一种你不能表达的方式上是有意义的。”符合，承接上文。故选D。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A 、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Though Armenia isn’t exactly ready for groups of foreign hikers (远足者), the country rewards those who make the effort. When my son recently finished graduate school, I seized the ____21____ to spend a week ____22____ with him in my own father’s homeland. Not long ago, no outsider would have considered such a ____23____ through the Soviet Republic. But we____24____ the paths with hikers from Australia, Canada, England and France, ____25____ we left hoping to return.
Armenia isn’t for every ____26____. You often will not find marked trail heads, and if you find a map, it will ____27____ be written in Armenian—which doesn’t ____28____ the Latin alphabet. We couldn’t find a guide until we arrived in the country, and then we had to ____29____. After spending a day in Armenia’s capital, Yerevan, we visited the Dilijan National Park. In the forested national park, we ____30____ the ruins of a 1,000-year-old monastery (修道院)____31____ in a mountaintop clearing. That ____32____ me of the people who hiked to the site to ____33____ when it was built. It seemed such a very different ____34____ from driving to a church parking lot these days.
Marc and I never did reach the peak of Aragats, Armenia’s ____35____ mountain. That would have ____36____ the climbers to cover 6,000 feet in one day. And when a storm ____37____，we settled on the mountain’s secondary peak. ____38____so, we weren’t disappointed. A mountain doesn’t always ____39____ to a climber’s first attempt, and a country doesn’t reveal (展示) all its treasures in a week. Our adventure, we know, had “only scratched the ____40____ ”
21. A. control B. power C. opportunity D. initiative
22. A. attempting B. arranging C. guiding D. hiking
23. A. chance B. trip C. job D. moment
24. A. crossed B. made C. blocked D. searched
25. A. so B. or C. but D. and
26. A. cyclist B. adventurer C. climber D. foreigner
27. A. strictly B. hardly C. probably D. mainly
28. A. use B. take C. adapt D. master
29. A. assess B. analyse C. investigate D. enquire
30. A. came up B. came across C. came over D. came about
31. A. waiting B. sleeping C. sitting D. waving
32. A. cured B. convinced C. warned D. reminded
33. A. pray B. live C. study D. investigate
34. A. life B. experience C. account D. custom
35. A. steepest B. highest C. shortest D. largest
36. A. forced B. enabled C. caused D. required
37. A. threatened B. promised C. passed D. signaled
38. A. Quite B. Yet C. Even D. Still
39. A. give up B. give away C. give in D. give out
40. A. surface B. line C. site D. spot
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. C 40. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者和儿子去亚美尼亚徒步旅行的经历和感悟。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的儿子刚从研究生院毕业时，我抓住机会和他一起在我父亲的家乡徒步旅行了一个星期。A. control控制；B. power力量；C. opportunity机会；D. initiative主动权。根据上文“I seized the”可知，此处指抓住“机会（opportunity）”，seize the opportunity“抓住机会”。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的儿子刚从研究生院毕业时，我抓住机会和他一起在我父亲的家乡徒步旅行了一个星期。A. attempting努力；尝试；B. arranging安排；C. guiding指导；引导；D. hiking徒步。前文提到“Though Armenia isn’t exactly ready for groups of foreign hikers ”，由此判断作者和儿子是一起去作者父亲的故乡远足。此处指作者和儿子一起徒步旅行。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在不久以前，没有一个局外人会考虑这样的一次穿越前苏联共和国的旅行。A. chance机会；B. trip旅行；C. job工作；D. moment时刻。结合上文“spend a week hiking…him in my own father’s homeland”可知，此处指作者和儿子的这次徒步旅行。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们和来自澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和法国的徒步旅行者穿过了小路，我们离开后，希望能再回来。A. crossed穿过，越过；B. made制作；C. blocked阻塞；D. searched搜索。根据后文“the paths”可知，此处指横穿小路应用cross。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但我们和来自澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和法国的徒步旅行者穿过了小路，我们离开后，希望能再回来。A. so所以；B. or或者；C. but但是；D. and并且。后文提到“we left hoping to return”并结合前后文语境可知，作者和儿子在亚美尼亚徒步之后希望能再次在亚美尼亚徒步旅行。此处为并列关系，应用连词and。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：亚美尼亚并不适合每一个冒险家。A. adventurer冒险家；B. cyclist骑自行车的人；C. climber登山者；D. foreigner外国人。根据最后一段中“Our adventure”可知，作者是外国徒步旅行者，在国外徒步旅行对于外国人来说是一项冒险。所以此处指亚美尼亚并不适合每一个冒险家。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：你经常找不到有标记的小径头，如果你找到地图，它可能是用亚美尼亚语写的——而不使用拉丁字母。A. strictly严格地；B. hardly几乎不；C. probably可能；D. mainly主要地。前文提到作者和儿子是作为外国远足者去亚美尼亚进行徒步旅行。结合前后文语境可知，此处表示他们发现的地图可能是用亚美尼亚语写的。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你经常找不到有标记的小径头，如果你找到地图，它可能是用亚美尼亚语写的——而不使用拉丁字母。A. use使用；B. take带走；C. adapt适应；D. master掌握。根据后文“the Latin alphabet”可知，地图可能是用亚美尼亚语写的——而不使用拉丁字母。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们在到达那个国家之前找不到导游，然后我们不得不四处打听。A. assess评定；B. analyse分析；C. investigate调查；D. enquire询问。根据上文“We couldn’t find a guide”可知，作者他们找不到导游，只能四处打听路。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在森林覆盖的国家公园里，我们偶然看到位于山顶林间空地上的一座有千年历史的修道院废墟。A. came up走近；B. came across偶遇；C. came over顺便来访；D. came about产生。根据后文“the ruins of a 1,000-year-old monastery”可知，作者作为外国人在一个森林覆盖的国家公园里看到一座修道院的废墟应该是一件很偶然的事情。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在森林覆盖的国家公园里，我们偶然看到位于山顶林间空地上的一座有千年历史的修道院废墟。A. waiting等待；B. sleeping睡觉；C. sitting坐下；坐落于；D. waving挥动。根据后文“in a mountain top clearing”可知，修道院位于山顶的林间空地，sit表示“位于；坐落于”。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我想起了在修道院建成时，那些徒步来此祈祷的人们。A. cured治愈；B. convinced使确信，使信服；C. warned警告；D. robbed抢劫。结合后文“the people who hiked to the site”可知，修道院让作者想起了修道院建成时，那些徒步来此祈祷的人们。remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起”。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我想起了在修道院建成时，那些徒步来此祈祷的人们。A. pray祈祷；B. live居住；C. study学习；D. investigate调查；研究。根据后文“from driving to a church parking lot these days”可知，修道院和教堂功能差不多，人们都是来此祈祷的。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这似乎是一次与如今人们驱车去教堂停车场大为不同的经历。A. life生活；B. experience经历；C. account账户；D. custom习俗。结合后文“driving to a church parking lot these days”可知，此处是在将去教堂和来修道院祈祷相比较，来修道院祈祷是一次非常不同的经历。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马克和我没能登上亚美尼亚最高峰Aragats山的顶峰。A. steepest最陡峭的；B. highest最高的；C. shortest最短的；D. largest最大的。结合后文“mountain”可推知，Aragats山是亚美尼亚最高的山峰。后文“mountain’s secondary peak”也有提示它是亚美尼亚最高的山。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这将需要登山者在一天内爬6000英尺。A. forced迫使；B. enabled使能够；C. caused造成；D. required需要。根据后文“the climbers to cover 6,000 feet in one day”可知，要登上Aragats山的顶峰，需要登山者在一天内爬6000英尺。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当风暴威胁到我们时，我们停在了次高峰上。A. threatened威胁；B. promised承诺；C. passed经过；D. signaled标志。后文提到“we settled on the mountain’s secondary peak”由此判断，因为一场风暴对他们构成了威胁。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，“我们并没有失望。”A. Quite很；B. Yet然而；C. Even甚至；D. Still仍然。上文提到“we settled on the mountain’s secondary peak.”由此判断，作者他们没有登顶，下文提到“we weren’t disappointed”，此处构成转折让步关系，even so“即使如此，虽然如此”符合语境。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一座山并不总是屈服于登山者的第一次尝试，一个国家也不可能在一周内就展示出它所有的珍宝。A. give up放弃；B. give away赠送；C. give in屈服；D. give out分发。后文提到“a country doesn’t reveal (展示) all its treasures in a week”由此判断，有时登山者不可能一次就能成功地登上山顶。此处为短语give in to sb./sth.“屈服于……”。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们知道，我们的冒险只是浅尝辄止。A. surface表面；B. line路线；C. site地点；D. spot场地。此处为固定短语scratch the surface“浅尝辄止”。故选A。
第二节（共10小题；每小題1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
And then there were two: today China announced it safely landed a spacecraft on Mars —for the first time in its history and in its first attempt becoming the only other nation apart ____41____ the U.S. to make such ____42____ achievement. Its Zhurong rover(探测器), ____43____ (name) after a god of fire from Chinese traditional stories, successfully ____44____ (touch) down in Utopia Planitia around 7:18 A.M. on May15th. Soon the rover should drive down the ramp(斜坡) of its landing platform, ready to explore its unearthly ____45____ (surrounding).
China will wait an undisclosed amount of time, as little as a day or up to perhaps a week, before ____46____ (drive) the Zhurong rover down a ramp from the lander and onto the surface. The six-wheeled solar-powered rover has a planned lifetime of ____47____ (rough) 90 Martian days and ____48____ (think) to have a top speed of 200 meters per hour, Andrew Jones says, a space journalist ____49____ follows the Chinese space program, although it will likely explore much _____50_____ (slowly) than expected. China will upload commands to the rover through its Tianwen-1 orbiter(环绕器). The rover will then perform its tasks independently on the surface.
【答案】41. from
42. an 43. named
44. touched
45. surroundings
46. driving
47. roughly
48. is thought
49. who##that
50. more slowly
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国“天问一号”探测器首次登陆火星。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：然后是两件事：今天中国宣布它在火星上安全着陆了一艘宇宙飞船——这是它历史上的第一次，也是第一次尝试，成为除了美国之外唯一一个取得这一成就的国家。apart from除了……之外。故填from。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：然后是两件事：今天中国宣布它在火星上安全着陆了一艘宇宙飞船——这是它历史上的第一次，也是第一次尝试，成为除了美国之外唯一一个取得这一成就的国家。such a/an +单数名词。名词achievement发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：5月15日上午7点18分左右，以中国传统故事中的火神命名的“祝融”号火星车成功降落在乌托邦平原。名词Zhurong rover与name之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填named。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：5月15日上午7点18分左右，以中国传统故事中的火神命名的“祝融”号火星车成功降落在乌托邦平原。根据时间状语around 7:18 A.M. on May15th可知，用一般过去时。故填touched。
【45题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：很快，月球车就会驶下着陆平台的坡道，准备探索它的神秘环境。名词surrounding作为“环境”之意，常用复数形式。故填surroundings。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国将等待一段时间，但没有透露具体时间，短则一天，多则可能是一周，然后将“祝融”号月球车从着陆器的斜坡上开下来，并降落在月球表面。before引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和谓语动词be都可以省略。主语China与drive之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填driving。
【47题详解】
考查副词。句意：跟踪中国太空项目的太空记者安德鲁·琼斯说，这个六个轮子的太阳能漫游者的计划寿命约为90天，最高速度被认为是每小时200米，不过它的探索速度可能会比预期的慢得多。句中用副词作状语。故填roughly。
【48题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：跟踪中国太空项目的太空记者安德鲁·琼斯说，这个六个轮子的太阳能漫游者的计划寿命约为90天，最高速度被认为是每小时200米，不过它的探索速度可能会比预期的慢得多。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。主语The six-wheeled solar-powered rover与think之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is thought。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：跟踪中国太空项目的太空记者安德鲁·琼斯说，这个六个轮子的太阳能漫游者的计划寿命约为90天，最高速度被认为是每小时200米，不过它的探索速度可能会比预期的慢得多。句中先行词为a space journalist，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
【50题详解】
考查比较级。句意：跟踪中国太空项目的太空记者安德鲁·琼斯说，这个六个轮子的太阳能漫游者的计划寿命约为90天，最高速度被认为是每小时200米，不过它的探索速度可能会比预期的慢得多。根据介词than可知，用副词的比较级形式。故填more slowly。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（╲）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Patricia Pania never wanted to be a public figure. All she wanted to be is a mother and homemaker. But her life was turned upside down when a motorist, was attracted by his cell phone, ran a stop sign and crashed in the side of her car. The impact (撞击) killed her 2-year-old daughter. Four month later, Pania unwillingly and bravely decided to try to educate the public and to fight for laws to ban drivers using cell phones while a car is moving. In her speech she wanted to save another children from that happened to her daughter. Many in the audience were moved to tears, and to action. Pania gained reputation as a high affective speaker. Her appearance on a talk show was broadcast three times, send her message to over 14 million people. Her campaign increased public awareness of the problem, and caused over 300 cities and several states to consider restrictions (限制) on cell phone use.
【答案】1.is →was
2.去掉attracted 前was
3.in →into
4. month →months
5.and →but
6.using前加from
7.another →other
8.that→what
9.high→highly
10.send→sending
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名为帕尼亚母亲在遭遇车祸之后，发起演讲，希望公众不要在骑行的时候使用手机，以确保自己和他人尤其是孩子们的安全，最后取得了不错的结果。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：她只想做一个母亲和家庭主妇。根据文章时态可知，用一般过去时。故将is改为was。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，当一个司机被他的手机吸引，闯红灯并撞上她的车时，她的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词motorist与attract之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语，was多余。故去掉attracted 前was。
3.考查介词。句意：但是，当一个司机被他的手机吸引，闯红灯并撞上她的车时，她的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化。crash into撞在……上。故将in改为into。
4.考查名词的数。句意：四个月后，帕尼亚不情愿却勇敢地决定尝试教育公众，争取法律禁止司机在开车时使用手机。名词month为可数名词，根据数词four可知，用名词的复数形式。故将 month改为months。
5.考查连词。句意：四个月后，帕尼亚不情愿却勇敢地决定尝试教育公众，争取法律禁止司机在开车时使用手机。副词unwillingly和bravely之间为转折关系而非并列关系。故将and改为but。
6.考查短语。句意：四个月后，帕尼亚不情愿却勇敢地决定尝试教育公众，争取法律禁止司机在开车时使用手机。ban sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事。故在using前加from。
7.考查代词。句意：在她的演讲中，她想要从她女儿的遭遇中拯救其他孩子。another后接名词的单数形式；other后接名词的复数形式。名词children为复数形式，所以用other。故将another改为other。
8.考查名词性从句。句意：在她的演讲中，她想要从她女儿的遭遇中拯救其他孩子。分析句子结构可知，本句为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且指物，所以用连接代词what。故将that改为what。
9.考查副词。句意：帕尼亚被认为是一位极富感染力的演说家。形容词affective前用副词修饰。表示抽象意义，用副词highly。故将high改为highly。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意：她在一个脱口秀节目中出现了三次，向她发送信息的人超过了1400万人。表示自然而然所带来的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故将send改为sending。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 电竞运动越来越受到年轻人的喜爱，对于电竞运动能否被奥运会接纳为比赛项目，目前人们还存在很大的争议。请你根据以下要点写一篇文章并发表你的看法。
1. 反对者认为奥运会倡导和平，而电竞游戏过于暴力且易上瘾；
2. 赞成者认为它可以培养团队合作精神，提升自信心；
3. 你的看法。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．题目和首句已为你写好。
E-sports are getting more and more popular with young people.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
E-sports are getting more and more popular with young people. So far, whether e-sports should be accepted as an Olympic event causes a heated debate.
People are divided over the issue. On the one hand, some people have focused on the violence of e-sports, which is against the peace theme of Olympic spirits. They also think it bad for mental and physical health because e-sports are addictive. On the other hand, others think e-sports can develop teamwork between members and improve their confidence.
Personally, I agree e-sports should be on the Olympic stage. The International Olympic Committee wants to make the games popular with more young people. To that end, it is introducing new events, like skateboarding and rock climbing. Why not go further and let national teams compete in e-sports?
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇文章，发表对于电竞运动能否被奥运会接纳为比赛项目的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
到目前为止：So far → As yet
关注：focus on →pay close attention to
就个人而言：Personally → In my opinion
赞成：agree →approve
2.句式拓展
句式转换
原句：So far, whether e-sports should be accepted as an Olympic event causes a heated debate.
拓展句：So far, a heated debate arises on whether e-sports should be accepted as an Olympic event.
【点睛】【高分句型1】On the one hand, some people have focused on the violence of e-sports, which is against the peace theme of Olympic spirits.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】They also think it bad for mental and physical health because e-sports are addictive.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句）
听力答案：1-5 ACBBA 6-10 CACBC 11-15 BABCA 16-20 BCBAC