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浙江省嘉兴市2021-2022学年高二英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份浙江省嘉兴市2021-2022学年高二英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
嘉兴市2021~2022学年第一学期期末检测
高二英语
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the speakers eat for supper?
A. Pizza.
B. Salad.
C. Steak.
2.Where are the speakers most probably?
A. In a car.
B. In a shop.
C. In a plane.
3.What time is it now?
A. 8:00.
B. 9:00.
C. 10:00.
4.How will the woman get to the railway station?
A. By car.
B. By taxi.
C. By subway.
5.What is different about Lucy?
A. She looks younger.
B. She smiles more.
C. She gets thinner.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.When will the package be delivered again?
A. Tomorrow morning.
B. This afternoon.
C. At noon.
7.What is the woman going to do tonight?
A. Buy a dress.
B. Hang out with her friend.
C. Visit her neighbor.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. How to enjoy music.
B. When to learn Italian.
C. Where to spend the vacation.
9. Why doesn't the woman want to go to Rome?
A. She is afraid of flying.
B. She dislikes Italian food.
C. She has no interest in history.
10What is the woman probably interested in?
A. Relaxing music.
B. Great architecture.
C. Beautiful scenery.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.How many places are mentioned in the conversation?
A. One.
B. Two.
C. Three.
12.What cost the speakers most?
B. The lovely strawberries.
C. The airmail letter.
A. The book of stamps.
13.How does the woman feel in the end?
A. Amazed.
B. Satisfied.
C. Tired.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What kind of backpack did the man lose?
A. A leather one.
B. A sports one.
C. A fashionable one.
15.Where is the pattern of the backpack?
A. On the front.
B. On the top.
C. On the back.
16.Which gift will be given to the man's mother?
A. Shoes.
B. Scarves.
C. Gloves.
17.What does the man think of the woman?
A. Responsible.
B. Humorous.
C. Patient.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.What does Tom and Jerry mainly focus on?
A. The 161 famous short films.
B. The influence of two main roles.
C. The fights between a cat and a mouse.
19.When was Tom and Jerry first played in theaters?
A. In 1937.
B. In 1940.
C. In 1943.
20.What makes Tom and Jerry so popular in the speaker's opinion?
A. The colorful roles of the story itself.
B. The worldwide influence of the story.
C. The lively pictures and funny sounds.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Manfred Steiner had a successful and productive career as a doctor, helping generations of medical students learn about hematology(血液学). But all along, he had a feeling he should be doing something else: studying physics. At age 89, he finally realized that dream, earning his Ph.D. in physics from Brown University.
“I always had this dream: Gee, someday I would like to become a physicist,” Steiner said in an interview with NPR.
Steiner was a teenager when World War II ended. By then, he was fascinated with physics. On the advice of his family, however, he decided to pursue a medical career instead. But during his studies in Vienna, physics still had a strong appeal to him. “When I was a medical student in the early 1950s, I used to steal into the physical institute, which was very close to the medical school,” he said, “and listen to some talks there.”
When asked what it was about physics that he enjoyed, Steiner replied quickly: precision (精确性). “Yet the physical exactly were the same, holding for the two extremes," he added, “and that precision really always fascinated me.”
It was only after Steiner retired from his career in medicine in 2000 that he was finally able to study physics. Steiner worked slowly-he's a grandfather who likes to spend with his family, and health issues have been a concern-but the credits kept piling up. And before long, Steiner was eyeing yet another Ph.D. “You know, it took a long time,” he said. “But fortunately, I'm here now and I've overcome the problems.”
The physicists who worked with Steiner say his latest achievement is inspiring. For his part, Steiner is still working on publishing a dissertation(专题论文), and he wants to continue his research. “I would like to continue with it as long as my mind says OK.”
1. Why did Manfred Steiner want to be a physicist?
A. He intended to inspire his students.
B. He was influenced by his family.
C. He had a passion for physics.
D. He felt he was good at physics.
2. Which of the following best describes Manfred Steiner?
A. Considerate.
B. Determined.
C. Conventional.
D. Reliable.
3. What does Manfred Steiner's story tell us?
A. It's never too late to mend.
B. Education is the key to success.
C. He who laughs last, laughs longest.
D. Where there is a dream, there is a way.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Manfred Steiner还是个少年时，就很喜欢物理，然而在家人的建议下，他从事了医疗事业。2000年Steiner从医学界退休，虽然他已经是一位老爷爷，身体也不太好，但是仍然坚持实现自己的梦想，最终实现了自己的物理梦，获得了博士学位。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的““I always had this dream: Gee, someday I would like to become a physicist,” Steiner said in an interview with NPR.”(Steiner在接受美国国家公共电台采访时说: “我一直有这样一个梦想: 哎呀，有一天我想成为一名物理学家。”)和第三段中的“Steiner was a teenager when World War II ended. By then, he was fascinated with physics. On the advice of his family, however, he decided to pursue a medical career instead. But during his studies in Vienna, physics still had a strong appeal to him.”(第二次世界大战结束时，Steiner还是个少年，那时他迷上了物理学。然而，在家人的建议下，他决定从事医疗事业。但在维也纳学习期间，物理学对他仍有强烈的吸引力。)可知，Manfred Steiner想成为物理学家是因为他热爱物理，故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It was only after Steiner retired from his career in medicine in 2000 that he was finally able to study physics. Steiner worked slowly-he's a grandfather who likes to spend with his family, and health issues have been a concern-but the credits kept piling up. And before long, Steiner was eyeing yet another Ph.D. “You know, it took a long time,” he said. “But fortunately, I'm here now and I've overcome the problems.””(直到2000年Steiner从医学界退休后，他才终于能够学习物理学。Steiner工作很慢，因为他已经是一个喜欢和家人待在一起的老爷爷了，他的健康也一直有问题，但是他获得的学分越来越多。不久之后，Steiner开始想获取另一个博士学位。“你知道，这花了很长时间，”他说，“但幸运的是，我成功了，我已经克服了这些问题”。)可知， Manfred Steiner虽然是一位退休的老爷爷，身体也不太好，但是仍然坚持实现自己的梦想，最终实现了自己的物理梦，获得了博士学位，他是一个有决心的人，所以B选项“Determined.”(有决心的)这个词最能描述Manfred Steiner，A. Considerate.体贴的；C. Conventional.传统的；D. Reliable.可信赖的，均不符，故选B。
3.推理判断题。通读全文且根据第一段“ At age 89, he finally realized that dream, earning his Ph.D. in physics from Brown University.”（89岁时，他终于实现了这个梦想，在布朗大学获得了物理学博士学位。）可知，文章主要讲述了Manfred Steiner还是个少年时，就很喜欢物理，然而在家人的建议下，他从事了医疗事业。2000年Steiner从医学界退休，虽然他已经是一位老爷爷，身体也不太好，但是仍然坚持实现自己的梦想，最终实现了自己的物理梦，获得了博士学位。所以可以推断出，Manfred Steiner的故事告诉我们，只要坚持自己的梦想就一定能成功，D选项“Where there is a dream, there is a way.”(坚持自己的梦想就会成功)符合，故选D。
B
Carbon labels on food products and menus started making news in 2020. They contain information about carbon emissions(排放) and occasionally other supply chain details. Now the idea has been adapted for the tourism industry-where a growing number of companies are measuring and publishing the carbon footprint created on their tours, like local transportation, accommodation, food, activities, guides, staff and office operations.
“Because it's quite a new thing,” said Claire Copeman, co-founder of Adventure Tours UK, which publishes carbon emissions alongside their trip arrangements. “At the moment, when people do see it, it's an extra advantage. It's like, well, this trip looks great and I can see that it's low impact, and they like that.”
It's hard to say whether these labels will sway decision-making for travelers. However, consumers are increasingly concerned about companies' commitments to environmental protection; and clearly labeling carbon emissions is an open and objective way of communicating environmental commitments.
More importantly, measuring and publicly sharing the carbon footprint of trips is encouraging companies to actively find ways to reduce emissions even further. For example, some companies in UK are currently working with partners to make improvements throughout the supply chains and considering changes to some of their trips so that more nights are spent at low-energy hotels and less time is spent driving.
“Everything we do has a carbon footprint,” said Charlie Cotton, founder of ecollective, which helps travel companies measure and reduce their carbon footprint. “But, as a business, you want to be able to tell a customer, 'We're going to address the elephant in the room, and we have a plan in place to make sure that year on year our carbon footprint is going to get smaller and smaller.'”
4. Why is the idea of carbon labels accepted by travel companies?
A. It draws people's attention to tourism.
B. It advocates low-budget trip arrangements.
C. It reflects the sense of environmental protection.
D. It meets the demands of different kinds of tourists.
5. What does the underlined word “sway” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Affect. B. Strengthen. C. Involve. D. Prohibit.
6. What do Charlie Cotton's words indicate?
A. The desire to protect wildlife.
B. The need to make a green plan.
C. The duty to keep customers well informed.
D. The determination to reduce carbon emissions.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了碳标签如今也适用于旅游业——越来越多的公司正在测量和公布他们的旅游碳足印。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, consumers are increasingly concerned about companies' commitments to environmental protection; and clearly labeling carbon emissions is an open and objective way of communicating environmental commitments.”(然而，消费者越来越关注企业对环境保护的承诺；很显然，标明碳排放是以一种公开和客观的方式来传达环境承诺。)可知，旅游公司接受碳标签，是因为消费者越来越关注企业对环境保护的承诺，这样做能体现旅游公司的环保意识，故选C。
2.词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面的句子“However, consumers are increasingly concerned about companies' commitments to environmental protection”(然而，消费者越来越关注企业对环境保护的承诺；)可知，消费者越来越关注企业对环境保护的承诺，这说明企业的环保意识会影响消费者的决定，所以结合划线单词前面的内容“It's hard to say whether these labels”(很难说这些标签......)和划线单词后面的内容“decision-making for travelers”(旅行者的决定。)可以推断出，此处表示“很难说这些标签是否会影响消费者的决定”，所以划线单词“sway”的意思是“影响”，与选项A“Affect”(影响)意思一样，B. Strength加强；C. Involve牵涉；D. Prohibit禁止，均不符，故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““But, as a business, you want to be able to tell a customer, 'We're going to address the elephant in the room, and we have a plan in place to make sure that year on year our carbon footprint is going to get smaller and smaller.'"”(“但是，作为一家企业，你希望能够告诉客户，‘我们要解决那些显而易见但又被忽略的问题，我们已经有了计划，以确保我们的碳足印逐年变得越来越小。’”)可知，Charlie Cotton认为，企业要告诉客户，自己会解决那些显而易见但又被忽略的问题，同时要告诉顾客，自己已经计划好会确保碳足印逐年变得越来越小，由此可以推断出，Charlie Cotton的话表明了要减少碳足迹的决心，故选D。
C
Johns Hopkins University researchers discovered precisely how spiders (蜘蛛) build webs in the dark. Their creation of a web-building playbook brings new understanding of how creatures with small brains are able to create elegant and complex structures.
Web-building spiders, which build blindly using only the sense of touch, have attracted humans for centuries. “The first step to understanding that is to study the behaviors and skills involved,” said Andrew Gordus, a Johns Hopkins behavioral biologist, “But until now it has never been done, mainly because of the challenge of detecting and recording the actions.”
His team studied a spider native to the western United States. To observe the spiders during their nighttime web-building work, the lab designed a stage with infrared (红外线的) cameras and infrared lights. They monitored and recorded six spiders every night and tracked millions of individual leg actions. “Even if you video record it, that's a lot of legs to track,”said lead author Abel Corver. “It's just too much to go through every frame (帧) and mark the leg points by hand so we trained machine vision software to detect the actions of the spider, frame by frame, so that we could record everything the legs do to build an entire web.”
They found that web-making behaviors are so similar across spiders that the researchers were able to predict the part of a web a spider was working on just from seeing the position of a leg. “Even if the final structure is a little different, the rules they use to build the web are the same,” Gordus said, “which confirms the rules are in their brains.”
Future work for the lab includes experiments with drugs to determine which circuits (回路) in the spider's brain are responsible for the various stages of web-building. Corver said, “This work could help us understand larger brain systems, including humans.”
7. What was the challenge in the previous studies on spiders' web-building?
A. Testing spiders' brains.
B. Tracking spiders' actions.
C. Observing spiders' webs at night.
D. Improving spiders' sense of touch.
8. What is a crucial step in the study led by Gordus?
A. Relying on the aid of special software.
B. Monitoring the safety of spiders.
C. Comparing varieties of spider webs.
D. Designing a set of infrared cameras.
9. What is contained in the future study according to paragraph 5?
A. The environment for humans.
B. The behavior of various spiders.
C. The drug for brain diseases.
D. The brain system of spiders.
10. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Spiders, Elegant Creatures
B. Small Brains, Amazing Skills
C. Spiders' Web Secrets Uncovered
D. Spiders' Web-building Ability Developed
【答案】7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘The first step to understanding that is to study the behaviors and skills involved,’ said Andrew Gordus, a Johns Hopkins behavioral biologist, ‘But until now it has never been done, mainly because of the challenge of detecting and recording the actions.’”(约翰霍普金斯大学行为生物学家Andrew Gordus说，“理解这一点的第一步就是要研究相关的行为和技能，但迄今为止还没有人做到这一点，主要是因为检测和记录行为具有挑战性。”)可知，在以前蜘蛛织网的研究中，跟踪蜘蛛的行为是一项挑战，故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It's just too much to go through every frame (帧) and mark the leg points by hand so we trained machine vision software to detect the actions of the spider, frame by frame, so that we could record everything the legs do to build an entire web.”(每一帧都要仔细检查，手工标记腿部位置，这太难了，所以我们培训研究人员使用机器视觉软件，一帧一帧地检测蜘蛛的动作，这样我们就可以记录腿部所做的一切，来构建一个完整的网。)可知，依靠特殊软件的帮助是Gordus领导的这项研究的关键步骤，故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Future work for the lab includes experiments with drugs to determine which circuits (回路) in the spider's brain are responsible for the various stages of web-building.”(该实验室未来的工作包括用药物进行实验，以确定蜘蛛大脑中的哪些回路负责蜘蛛网形成的各个阶段。)可知，未来会对蜘蛛的大脑系统进行研究，故选D。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Johns Hopkins University researchers discovered precisely how spiders (蜘蛛) build webs in the dark. Their creation of a web-building playbook brings new understanding of how creatures with small brains are able to create elegant and complex structures.”(约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的。它们织的网，使人们对这些有小脑袋的生物如何能够创造出优雅而复杂的结构有了新的理解。)可知，文章主要介绍了约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的，所以C选项“Spiders' Web Secrets Uncovered”(蜘蛛网的秘密被发现)适合做文章标题，故选C。
第二节（共5个小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It seems like some people are born with a good sense of direction while others are always getting lost.____11____ You can improve your sense of direction. You just need to work at it.
Nowadays, of course, it’s convenient to rely on GPS rather than commit a long, complex route to memory.____12____ Studying a larger map and remembering the route before you set out does have its benefits. The amount of mental energy it requires means it’s more likely to stick in your mind. Looking at Google Maps on a big screen or even studying a paper map also allows you to get a sense of that all-important bigger picture and how everywhere fits together.
____13____ It’s also important to notice what’s around you in all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well. This will come in particularly useful when you’re doing the journey in reverse (倒退)——even if it’s just finding your way back from the toilet in a restaurant. Another tip? Taking photographs or writing notes at key locations can help you keep them in your memory.
Finally, try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground. ____14____ But this sudden anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go. Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever——growing mental map, both of which will help you have a better sense of direction in the long term.
Your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the routes you already know, it’s never going to get any better. ____15____
A. Don’t just look where you’re going.
B. So now it’s the time to start exploring!
C. If you’re one of the “lost” ones, have no fear.
D. Anxiety plays a role in our sense of direction, too.
E. It’s all too easy to get anxious if you suspect you may be lost.
F. Developing a good sense of direction usually takes much practice.
G. But ignore it if you really want to improve your sense of direction.
【答案】11. C 12. G 13. A 14. E 15. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍提高方向感的技巧。
【11题详解】
上文“It seems like some people are born with a good sense of direction while others are always getting lost.”（似乎有些人天生就有很好的方向感，而另一些人总是迷路。）及下文“You can improve your sense of direction. You just need to work at it.”（你可以提高你的方向感。你只需要努力。）说明方向感可以通过努力提高。C项“如果你是容易迷路的人之一，不要害怕。”承上启下，故选C。
【12题详解】
上文“Nowadays, of course, it’s convenient to rely on GPS rather than commit a long, complex route to memory.”（当然，如今，依靠GPS，而不是将长而复杂的路线记牢，是很方便的。）及下文“Studying a larger map and remembering the route before you set out does have its benefits.”（研究更大的地图并在出发之前记住路线确实有其好处。）说虽然GPS很方便，但是记住地图上的路线更有助于方向感。G项“但是，如果你真的想提高你的方向感，那就忽略它吧。”承上启下，指出为了提高方向感，需要忽略GPS。故选G。
【13题详解】
下文“It’s also important to notice what’s around you in all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well.”（注意你周围四面八方的东西也很重要。与其直视前方，不如确保你也向上、向下和向后看。）说明注意周围事物的重要性。不要一直直视前方，不要一直关注自己要去的地方。A项“不要只关注你要去哪里。”引出下文，故选A。
【14题详解】
上文“Finally, try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground.”（最后，当你在不熟悉的地方时，试着放松。）和下文“But this sudden anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go.”（但这种突如其来的焦虑只会阻止你冷静地找出该走哪条路。）说明不认识路会让人焦虑，会使人不冷静，会妨碍自己对路线的判断。E项“如果你怀疑自己可能迷路了，很容易感到焦虑。”中的“anxious”与下文内容一致，引出下文，故选E。
【15题详解】
上文“Your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the routes you already know, it’s never going to get any better.”（你的方向感是一种要么使用它，要么失去它的技能。如果你只坚持你已经知道的路线，它永远不会变得更好。）说明想要让方向感变得更好，不要只是走熟悉的路线，而是要探索新路线。B项“所以现在是时候开始探索了！”与上文内容一致，通过探索新路线帮助提高方向感。故选B。
第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20个小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
The first time my mom came over to babysit Alice, our newborn daughter, for a couple of hours, all I wanted to do was take my elderly Brooklyn out for a walk.
Brooklyn was ____16____ my dog. Fourteen years ago, when I first saw her in the pet store, I knew it was a done deal: we were ____17____.I had never had a pet ____18____, but I welcomed everything about it. I ____19____ her whole life in photos. And during large ____20____ gatherings, seeing me with baby Brooklyn, my favourite aunt would tell me one day I would be a great ____21____.
Brooklyn was ____22____ getting old and grey when my daughter was born, but she ____23____ the new baby with gentleness. However, as my daughter ____24____ more and more space in my life, Brooklyn's place in it began to _____25_____. And the less of a priority she became, the further I felt from my old self and the things that used to be _____26_____ to me.
By the time she was nearly 17, she was in a(n)_____27_____ condition. The day she died, she was in so much _____28_____. I fought back my tears and buried my _____29_____ in her fur as I carried her to the _____30_____.When the pet doctor gave her two shots that would make her _____31_____ forever, I watched her big brown eyes go _____32_____.“Rest now, my baby." I _____33_____ to her.
Four years later, I still _____34_____ that dog every day, because she was the one who taught me the heart-breaking beauty of being _____35_____ by another living being.
16. A. actually B. merely C. surely D. apparently
17. A. recognized B. perceived C. reunited D. attached
18. A. standing by B. moving about C. growing up D. fitting in
19. A. protected B. identified C. documented D. recalled
20. A. company B. family C. school D. club
21. A. doctor B. friend C. mother D. neighbour
22. A. also B. already C. instead D. even
23. A. welcomed B. hugged C. fed D. satisfied
24. A. saved B. explored C. created D. occupied
25. A. expand B. disappear C. shift D. fall
26. A. simple B. tiring C. important D. safe
27. A. critical B. fair C. steady D. original
28. A. pain B. anger C. trouble D. danger
29. A. hands B. face C. body D. feet
30. A. farm B. park C. zoo D. hospital
31. A. cheer up B. fall asleep C. hold on D. keep quiet
32. A. cold B. blank C. still D. blind
33. A. whispered B. sighed C. whistled D. nodded
34. A. attend B. greet C. guard D. miss
35. A. admired B. needed C. approved D. remembered
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. B 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了14年前作者开始养了一只狗，作者很喜欢她，像一位母亲一样照顾她，但是后来作者的女儿出生了，作者把注意力都放在女儿身上，而狗狗的地位下降了。后来，狗狗去世了，作者很伤心，现在仍然每天都想起它。
【16题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Brooklyn是我的狗。A. actually事实上；B. merely仅仅，只是；C. surely肯定；D. apparently显而易见地。由上文“all I wanted to do was take my elderly Brooklyn out for a walk.”可知，上文提到作者的母亲第一天来照顾自己的孩子时，作者想做的事就是带着Brooklyn出去散步，此处具体解释谁是Brooklyn，事实上，Brooklyn是作者的狗。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：14年前，当我第一次在宠物店见到它时，我就知道收养它是板上钉钉的事，我们彼此很喜欢对方。A. recognized认出；B. perceived察觉；C. reunited团聚；D. attached系上，使依恋。由上文“Fourteen years ago, when I first saw her in the pet store, I knew it was a done deal”可知，作者第一次在宠物店见到Brooklyn的时候，就知道Brooklyn就是自己想要的狗，所以此处说彼此很喜欢。故选D。
【18题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我从来没有养过宠物，但是我对这只狗的一切都很满意。A. standing by支持；B. moving about走来走去；C. growing up长大；D. fitting in适应。由上文“I had never had a pet___3__, but I welcomed everything about it”可知，作者虽然以前从未养过狗，但是作者对Brooklyn的一切都感到满意。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我用照片记录了它的一生。A. protected保护；B. identified认出；C. documented记录；D. recalled回想。由下文“her whole life in photos.”可知，作者用照片来记录Brooklyn的一生。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大家庭聚会的时候，看到我和Brooklyn在一起，我最喜欢的阿姨告诉我，有一天我会成为一位好母亲。A. company公司；B. family家庭；C. school学校；D. club俱乐部。由下文“my favourite aunt”可知，此处指家庭聚会。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大家庭聚会的时候，看到我和Brooklyn在一起，我最喜欢的阿姨告诉我，有一天我会成为一位好母亲。A. doctor医生；B. friend朋友；C. mother母亲；D. neighbour邻居。由上文“baby Brooklyn”可知，作者的阿姨看到作者照顾Brooklyn就像照顾孩子一样，所以说作者以后会成为一位好母亲。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我女儿出生的时候，Brooklyn已经老了，毛发也变白了，但它还是温柔地迎接了我刚出生的女儿。A. also也；B. already已经；C. instead代替，相反；D. even甚至。由下文“getting old and grey when my daughter was born”可知，当作者女儿出生时，Brooklyn已经老了，毛发也变白了。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我女儿出生的时候，Brooklyn已经老了，毛发也变白了，但它还是温柔地迎接了我刚出生的女儿。A. welcomed欢迎；B. hugged拥抱；C. fed喂养；D. satisfied使满意。由下文“the new baby with gentleness.”可知，Brooklyn温柔地迎接作者刚出生的女儿。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着我女儿占据我越来越多的生活空间，Brooklyn的地位开始下降。A. saved节省；B. explored探索；C. created创作；D. occupied占据。由下文“more and more space in my life,”可知，此处指作者把越来越多的注意力都放在女儿身上。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着我女儿占据我越来越多的生活空间，Brooklyn的地位开始下降。A. expand扩大；B. disappear消失；C. shift移动；D. fall下降。由下文“And the less of a priority she became”可知，此处指Brooklyn的地位开始下降。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它变得越来越不重要，我就越觉得自己和以前的自己，以及那些曾经对我很重要的东西越来越疏远。A. simple简单的；B. tiring令人疲倦的；C. important重要的；D. safe安全的。由上文“And the less of a priority she became, the further I felt from my old self and the things that used to be”可知，Brooklyn变得越来越不重要，作者和它开始疏远，Brooklyn曾经在作者心里很重要，所以此处指作者觉得和以前的自己，以及对自己很重要的东西，如Brooklyn，越来越疏远。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在它快17岁的时候，它病重了。A. critical病重的；B. fair公平的；C. steady稳定的；D. original原先的。由下文“The day she died”可知，后来Brooklyn死了，所以可以推断出，此处指Brooklyn病重。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它死的那天，非常痛苦。A. pain痛苦；B. anger生气；C. trouble困难，麻烦；D. danger危险。由上文“The day she died”和下文“When the pet doctor gave her two shots”可知，Brooklyn病重的那一天，医生给它打针，所以可以推断出，它很痛苦。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我把它送到医院时，我强忍住眼泪，把脸埋在它的毛发里。A. hands手；B. face脸；C. body身体；D. feet脚。由下文“in her fur”可知，作者强忍住泪水，把脸埋在它的毛发里。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我把它送到医院时，我强忍住眼泪，把脸埋在它的毛发里。A. farm农场；B. park公园；C. zoo动物园；D. hospital医院。由下文“the pet doctor”可知，作者把Brooklyn带到了医院。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当宠物医生给它打了两针，让它永远睡着的时候，我看着它棕色的大眼睛一动不动。A. cheer up使高兴；B. fall asleep睡着；C. hold on等一下；D. keep quiet保持安静。由下文“Rest now, my baby,”和上文“The day she died”可知，此处指宠物医生给它打了两针，让它永远睡着，此处“永远睡着”是指Brooklyn死了。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当宠物医生给它打了两针，让它永远睡着的时候，我看着它棕色的大眼睛一动不动。A. cold冷的；B. blank空白的；C. still静止的，不动的；D. blind瞎的。由下文“Rest now, my baby,”和上文“The day she died”可知，Brooklyn死了，所以它的眼睛一动不动。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“好好休息吧，我的宝贝，”我低声对它说。A. whispered小声说；B. sighed叹息；C. whistled吹口哨；D. nodded点头。由上文“Rest now, my baby,”可知，作者低声对Brooklyn，让它安息。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年后，我仍然每天都想念那只狗，因为是它教会了我，被另一个生命所需要的那种令人心碎的美。A. attend出席，参加；B. greet打招呼；C. guard守卫；D. miss想念。由下文“that dog every day,”可知，作者仍然每天都想念那只狗。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年后，我仍然每天都想念那只狗，因为是它教会了我，被另一个生命所需要的那种令人心碎的美。A. admired钦佩；B. needed需要；C. approved同意；D. remembered记住。由上文“And during large gatherings, seeing me with baby Brooklyn, my favourite aunt would tell me one day I would be a great .”可知，作者收养Brookly时，Brookly还是一只小狗，它的成长需要作者的照顾和陪伴，所以这里意思是作者被狗狗所需要。故选B。
第二节（共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wild animals are equipped with a variety of techniques to avoid becoming lunch for a much ____36____ (big), toothier animal. The most well-known ____37____ (method) include the classic “fight” and “flight”, as well as “freeze”.
A team of researchers wondered ____38____ closeness to people might influence those survival strategies. ____39____ (find) out, Blumstein and his workmates combined information from 173 studies of more than 100 species, ____40____ (include) mammals, birds, fish and so on.
It turns out that the animals react in a similar way to life among humans: they lose their anti-predator (躲避掠食者 ）characteristics. That pattern is ____41____ (especial)obvious for social species. This behavioral change is perhaps unsurprising when it's the result of domestication (驯化）, ____42____ means training or adapting an animal to live in a human environment and be ____43____ (use) to humans.
Urbanization (城市化） alone results ____44____ a similar change, though much more slowly. If the urbanization process _____45_____ (help) animals better coexist with people, it can be to their benefit. But if it makes them weaker or easier to be hurt by their nonhuman predators, it can be a real problem.
【答案】36. bigger
37. methods
38. whether##if
39. To find
40. including
41. especially
42. which 43. used
44. in 45. helps
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述研究者们为了让动物和人类和平共存，想了很多的方法。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：动物身上配备了各种各样的技术，就是为了避免他们成为更加大的牙齿更锋利的动物的午餐。根据句子结构和意思可知，前面有“much”修饰，所以这里考查形容词的比较级，作定语，修饰后面的名词“animal”。故填bigger。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：最有名的方法包括经典的“打”和“跑”，还有“冻”。根据句子结构和意思可知，句子的谓语动词“include”是复数形式，所以说明空格处要用可数名词复数形式做主语。故填methods。
【38题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：一组研究人员想知道接近人类是否会影响那些生存策略。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查及物动词“wondered”后面跟宾语从句。宾语从句中基本成分完整，上下文意思需要“是否”。故填whether/if。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：为了弄明白，Blumstein和他的工作人员们结合了来自于100多个物种的173项研究的信息，其中包括哺乳动物，鸟类，鱼类等等。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词不定式做目的状语，动词“find”是句子主语“Blumstein and his workmates”主动发出的动作。故填To find。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：见第4题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词including，表示“包括”的意思。故填including。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：这种模式对社会物种来说尤其的明显。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查副词修饰形容词“obvious”。故填especially。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：当它是驯化的结果的时候，这种行为的改变也许就不令人吃惊了，驯化的意思是训练动物或者让动物适应住在人类的环境中，并且习惯于人类。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是“domestication”，在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。
【43题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：见第7题。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配“be used to”表示“习惯于”的意思。故填used。
【44题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：单单城市化就会导致类似的改变，虽然慢很多。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语“result in”表示“导致”的意思。故填in。
【45题详解】
考查谓语。句意：如果城市化进程更好的帮助动物和人类共存，那将对它们是有好处的。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查一般现在时的谓语动词，主语是“the urbanization process”，所以谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故填helps。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 你校文学社将招募新成员。假定你是负责人，请写一则启事刊登在校英语报上，内容包括：
1.文学社简介；2.入社条件；3.报名时间、方式。
注意：
1.词数80左右（标题已给出，不计入总词数）；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Literature Lovers Wanted
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Literature Lovers Wanted
Our school's Literature Club is recruiting new members. If you are enthusiastic about literature and eager to share your views on literary works, then our club is suitable for you.
Founded in 2015, the Literature Club enjoys a good reputation by providing a platform for literature lovers to exchange their notions. Various activities are regularly conducted, ranging from literature lectures to group discussions.
You can sign up on the school website before January 20 Looking forward to your participation!
The School's Literature Club
【解析】
【分析】本文是应用文。要求考生以校文学社负责人的身份写一则招募新成员的启事刊登在校英语报上。
【详解】1.词汇积累
招募：recruit → want
热情的：enthusiastic → passionate
观点：view → opinion
提供：provide → offer
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Founded in 2015, the Literature Club enjoys a good reputation by providing a platform for literature lovers to exchange their notions.
拓展句：Founded in 2015, the Literature Club enjoys a good reputation by providing a platform where literature lovers can exchange their notions.
【点睛】【高分句型1】If you are enthusiastic about literature and eager to share your views on literary works, then our club is suitable for you.（由if引导的条件状语从句）
【高分句型2】Founded in 2015, the Literature Club enjoys a good reputation by providing a platform for literature lovers to exchange their notions.（由Founded过去分词短语做状语）
【高分句型3】Various activities are regularly conducted, ranging from literature lectures to group discussions.（由ranging现在分词短语做后置定语）
第二节：读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Prissy Baker was in Oscar Miller's store on New Year's morning, buying matches when her uncle, Richard Baker, came in. He did not look at Prissy, nor did she wish him a happy New Year; she would not have dared.
Uncle Richard had not been speaking with Prissy or her father since the two brothers' quarrel over the division of a piece of property eight years ago. The fault had been mainly on Richard's side, but he was too stubborn (固执的) to admit it.
He was actually a big, strong-looking man-an uncle to be proud of, Prissy thought, if only he were like what he used to be himself. He was the only uncle Prissy had, and when she was a little girl they had been great friends; but that was before the quarrel.
Richard Baker informed Mr. Miller he was on his way to Navarre to deliver a load of pork. “New Year's Day would be pretty much the same as any other day to you,” said Mr. Miller, for Richard Baker was a bachelor (单身汉).
“Well, I always like a good dinner on New Year's Day,” said Richard Baker. “It's about the only way I can celebrate. I got everything ready last night but I have to send the pork now. I won't get back from Navarre before one o'clock, so I guess I'll have to put up with a cold bite.”
After her uncle had driven away, Prissy walked thoughtfully home. She did not mean to cook a dinner, for her father had to meet a friend and would be gone the whole day. There was nobody else to cook dinner for. Prissy's mother had died when Prissy was a baby.
But as she walked home, she could not help thinking about Uncle Richard. He would certainly have cold New Year, cold enough to freeze the whole coming year. She felt sorry for him, picturing him returning from Navarre, cold and hungry, to find a fireless house and an uncooked dinner.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly an idea came into Prissy's head.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Prissy had just set the table when an angry voice cut through the peace.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Suddenly an idea came into Prissy's head. She thought she could cook some New Year food for her uncle Richard which might be a big surprise dinner for him and her father to bury the hatchet. Happily and excitedly, Prissy hurried to prepare for the dinner. She remembered that Uncle Richard liked pork and beef, so she took out what her father had bought before and got down to cooking. Finally, she made delicious dinner for them, and called Uncle Richard to have the dinner at her home when he was back, hoping to have a happy night.
Prissy had just set the table when an angry voice cut through the peace. Her father came back. He had known that she cooked the dinner for Uncle Richard, which made him very angry. She said sorry to her father, but she also told him that Uncle Richard was very poor, driving to deliver pork at cold New Year eve, without a warm house or a dinner. She persuaded her father to forget the quarrel and bury the hatchet. At last, her father realize what she said was right. He should not have broken up with his only brother. At midnight, Uncle Richard returned and admitted that he was wrong. Eventually, they did have a happy night.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索，主要讲述女孩Prissy父亲和叔叔因为一些财产的分割而有了矛盾，导致他们之间8年没有任何交流，叔叔一个人的生活也很辛苦，所以Prissy很想为她的叔叔做点什么。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，一个主意进入Prissy的脑海。”可知，第一段可描写Prissy想到了什么样的主意和接下来她的做法。
②由第二段首句内容“Prissy刚摆好桌子，一个生气的声音打破了宁静。”可知，第二段可描写Prissy的父亲得知了她的行为之后很生气。
2.续写线索：Prissy想到为叔叔做晚餐——Prissy想让父亲和叔叔冰释前嫌——Prissy做晚餐——Prissy邀请叔叔回来共进晚餐——Prissy的父亲得知消息——Prissy的父亲很生气——Prissy说服了父亲——父亲和叔叔和好。
3.词汇积累
行为类
①匆忙：hurried/go hurriedly
②开始：got down to/set out
情绪类
①高兴：happily/with happiness
②兴奋：excitedly/with excitement
【点睛】【高分句型1】She thought she could cook some New Year food for her uncle Richard, which might be a big surprise dinner for him and her father to bury the hatchet.（由省略连词that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】She remembered that Uncle Richard liked pork and beef, so she took out what her father had bought before and got down to cooking.（由that引导的宾语从句和what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型3】Finally, she made delicious dinner for them, and called Uncle Richard to have the dinner at her home when he was back, hoping to have a happy night.（由when引导时间状语从句）
【高分句型4】He had known that she cooked the dinner for Uncle Richard, which made him very angry.（由that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型5】At last, her father realize what she said was right.（由省略连词that引导的宾语从句和what引导的主语从句）
听力答案：1-5 BABCC 6-10 ABCAB 11-15 BABAC 16-20 CACBA
嘉兴市2021~2022学年第一学期期末检测
高二英语
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the speakers eat for supper?
A. Pizza.
B. Salad.
C. Steak.
2.Where are the speakers most probably?
A. In a car.
B. In a shop.
C. In a plane.
3.What time is it now?
A. 8:00.
B. 9:00.
C. 10:00.
4.How will the woman get to the railway station?
A. By car.
B. By taxi.
C. By subway.
5.What is different about Lucy?
A. She looks younger.
B. She smiles more.
C. She gets thinner.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.When will the package be delivered again?
A. Tomorrow morning.
B. This afternoon.
C. At noon.
7.What is the woman going to do tonight?
A. Buy a dress.
B. Hang out with her friend.
C. Visit her neighbor.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. How to enjoy music.
B. When to learn Italian.
C. Where to spend the vacation.
9. Why doesn't the woman want to go to Rome?
A. She is afraid of flying.
B. She dislikes Italian food.
C. She has no interest in history.
10What is the woman probably interested in?
A. Relaxing music.
B. Great architecture.
C. Beautiful scenery.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.How many places are mentioned in the conversation?
A. One.
B. Two.
C. Three.
12.What cost the speakers most?
B. The lovely strawberries.
C. The airmail letter.
A. The book of stamps.
13.How does the woman feel in the end?
A. Amazed.
B. Satisfied.
C. Tired.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What kind of backpack did the man lose?
A. A leather one.
B. A sports one.
C. A fashionable one.
15.Where is the pattern of the backpack?
A. On the front.
B. On the top.
C. On the back.
16.Which gift will be given to the man's mother?
A. Shoes.
B. Scarves.
C. Gloves.
17.What does the man think of the woman?
A. Responsible.
B. Humorous.
C. Patient.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.What does Tom and Jerry mainly focus on?
A. The 161 famous short films.
B. The influence of two main roles.
C. The fights between a cat and a mouse.
19.When was Tom and Jerry first played in theaters?
A. In 1937.
B. In 1940.
C. In 1943.
20.What makes Tom and Jerry so popular in the speaker's opinion?
A. The colorful roles of the story itself.
B. The worldwide influence of the story.
C. The lively pictures and funny sounds.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Manfred Steiner had a successful and productive career as a doctor, helping generations of medical students learn about hematology(血液学). But all along, he had a feeling he should be doing something else: studying physics. At age 89, he finally realized that dream, earning his Ph.D. in physics from Brown University.
“I always had this dream: Gee, someday I would like to become a physicist,” Steiner said in an interview with NPR.
Steiner was a teenager when World War II ended. By then, he was fascinated with physics. On the advice of his family, however, he decided to pursue a medical career instead. But during his studies in Vienna, physics still had a strong appeal to him. “When I was a medical student in the early 1950s, I used to steal into the physical institute, which was very close to the medical school,” he said, “and listen to some talks there.”
When asked what it was about physics that he enjoyed, Steiner replied quickly: precision (精确性). “Yet the physical exactly were the same, holding for the two extremes," he added, “and that precision really always fascinated me.”
It was only after Steiner retired from his career in medicine in 2000 that he was finally able to study physics. Steiner worked slowly-he's a grandfather who likes to spend with his family, and health issues have been a concern-but the credits kept piling up. And before long, Steiner was eyeing yet another Ph.D. “You know, it took a long time,” he said. “But fortunately, I'm here now and I've overcome the problems.”
The physicists who worked with Steiner say his latest achievement is inspiring. For his part, Steiner is still working on publishing a dissertation(专题论文), and he wants to continue his research. “I would like to continue with it as long as my mind says OK.”
1. Why did Manfred Steiner want to be a physicist?
A. He intended to inspire his students.
B. He was influenced by his family.
C. He had a passion for physics.
D. He felt he was good at physics.
2. Which of the following best describes Manfred Steiner?
A. Considerate.
B. Determined.
C. Conventional.
D. Reliable.
3. What does Manfred Steiner's story tell us?
A. It's never too late to mend.
B. Education is the key to success.
C. He who laughs last, laughs longest.
D. Where there is a dream, there is a way.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Manfred Steiner还是个少年时，就很喜欢物理，然而在家人的建议下，他从事了医疗事业。2000年Steiner从医学界退休，虽然他已经是一位老爷爷，身体也不太好，但是仍然坚持实现自己的梦想，最终实现了自己的物理梦，获得了博士学位。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的““I always had this dream: Gee, someday I would like to become a physicist,” Steiner said in an interview with NPR.”(Steiner在接受美国国家公共电台采访时说: “我一直有这样一个梦想: 哎呀，有一天我想成为一名物理学家。”)和第三段中的“Steiner was a teenager when World War II ended. By then, he was fascinated with physics. On the advice of his family, however, he decided to pursue a medical career instead. But during his studies in Vienna, physics still had a strong appeal to him.”(第二次世界大战结束时，Steiner还是个少年，那时他迷上了物理学。然而，在家人的建议下，他决定从事医疗事业。但在维也纳学习期间，物理学对他仍有强烈的吸引力。)可知，Manfred Steiner想成为物理学家是因为他热爱物理，故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It was only after Steiner retired from his career in medicine in 2000 that he was finally able to study physics. Steiner worked slowly-he's a grandfather who likes to spend with his family, and health issues have been a concern-but the credits kept piling up. And before long, Steiner was eyeing yet another Ph.D. “You know, it took a long time,” he said. “But fortunately, I'm here now and I've overcome the problems.””(直到2000年Steiner从医学界退休后，他才终于能够学习物理学。Steiner工作很慢，因为他已经是一个喜欢和家人待在一起的老爷爷了，他的健康也一直有问题，但是他获得的学分越来越多。不久之后，Steiner开始想获取另一个博士学位。“你知道，这花了很长时间，”他说，“但幸运的是，我成功了，我已经克服了这些问题”。)可知， Manfred Steiner虽然是一位退休的老爷爷，身体也不太好，但是仍然坚持实现自己的梦想，最终实现了自己的物理梦，获得了博士学位，他是一个有决心的人，所以B选项“Determined.”(有决心的)这个词最能描述Manfred Steiner，A. Considerate.体贴的；C. Conventional.传统的；D. Reliable.可信赖的，均不符，故选B。
3.推理判断题。通读全文且根据第一段“ At age 89, he finally realized that dream, earning his Ph.D. in physics from Brown University.”（89岁时，他终于实现了这个梦想，在布朗大学获得了物理学博士学位。）可知，文章主要讲述了Manfred Steiner还是个少年时，就很喜欢物理，然而在家人的建议下，他从事了医疗事业。2000年Steiner从医学界退休，虽然他已经是一位老爷爷，身体也不太好，但是仍然坚持实现自己的梦想，最终实现了自己的物理梦，获得了博士学位。所以可以推断出，Manfred Steiner的故事告诉我们，只要坚持自己的梦想就一定能成功，D选项“Where there is a dream, there is a way.”(坚持自己的梦想就会成功)符合，故选D。
B
Carbon labels on food products and menus started making news in 2020. They contain information about carbon emissions(排放) and occasionally other supply chain details. Now the idea has been adapted for the tourism industry-where a growing number of companies are measuring and publishing the carbon footprint created on their tours, like local transportation, accommodation, food, activities, guides, staff and office operations.
“Because it's quite a new thing,” said Claire Copeman, co-founder of Adventure Tours UK, which publishes carbon emissions alongside their trip arrangements. “At the moment, when people do see it, it's an extra advantage. It's like, well, this trip looks great and I can see that it's low impact, and they like that.”
It's hard to say whether these labels will sway decision-making for travelers. However, consumers are increasingly concerned about companies' commitments to environmental protection; and clearly labeling carbon emissions is an open and objective way of communicating environmental commitments.
More importantly, measuring and publicly sharing the carbon footprint of trips is encouraging companies to actively find ways to reduce emissions even further. For example, some companies in UK are currently working with partners to make improvements throughout the supply chains and considering changes to some of their trips so that more nights are spent at low-energy hotels and less time is spent driving.
“Everything we do has a carbon footprint,” said Charlie Cotton, founder of ecollective, which helps travel companies measure and reduce their carbon footprint. “But, as a business, you want to be able to tell a customer, 'We're going to address the elephant in the room, and we have a plan in place to make sure that year on year our carbon footprint is going to get smaller and smaller.'”
4. Why is the idea of carbon labels accepted by travel companies?
A. It draws people's attention to tourism.
B. It advocates low-budget trip arrangements.
C. It reflects the sense of environmental protection.
D. It meets the demands of different kinds of tourists.
5. What does the underlined word “sway” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Affect. B. Strengthen. C. Involve. D. Prohibit.
6. What do Charlie Cotton's words indicate?
A. The desire to protect wildlife.
B. The need to make a green plan.
C. The duty to keep customers well informed.
D. The determination to reduce carbon emissions.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了碳标签如今也适用于旅游业——越来越多的公司正在测量和公布他们的旅游碳足印。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, consumers are increasingly concerned about companies' commitments to environmental protection; and clearly labeling carbon emissions is an open and objective way of communicating environmental commitments.”(然而，消费者越来越关注企业对环境保护的承诺；很显然，标明碳排放是以一种公开和客观的方式来传达环境承诺。)可知，旅游公司接受碳标签，是因为消费者越来越关注企业对环境保护的承诺，这样做能体现旅游公司的环保意识，故选C。
2.词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面的句子“However, consumers are increasingly concerned about companies' commitments to environmental protection”(然而，消费者越来越关注企业对环境保护的承诺；)可知，消费者越来越关注企业对环境保护的承诺，这说明企业的环保意识会影响消费者的决定，所以结合划线单词前面的内容“It's hard to say whether these labels”(很难说这些标签......)和划线单词后面的内容“decision-making for travelers”(旅行者的决定。)可以推断出，此处表示“很难说这些标签是否会影响消费者的决定”，所以划线单词“sway”的意思是“影响”，与选项A“Affect”(影响)意思一样，B. Strength加强；C. Involve牵涉；D. Prohibit禁止，均不符，故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““But, as a business, you want to be able to tell a customer, 'We're going to address the elephant in the room, and we have a plan in place to make sure that year on year our carbon footprint is going to get smaller and smaller.'"”(“但是，作为一家企业，你希望能够告诉客户，‘我们要解决那些显而易见但又被忽略的问题，我们已经有了计划，以确保我们的碳足印逐年变得越来越小。’”)可知，Charlie Cotton认为，企业要告诉客户，自己会解决那些显而易见但又被忽略的问题，同时要告诉顾客，自己已经计划好会确保碳足印逐年变得越来越小，由此可以推断出，Charlie Cotton的话表明了要减少碳足迹的决心，故选D。
C
Johns Hopkins University researchers discovered precisely how spiders (蜘蛛) build webs in the dark. Their creation of a web-building playbook brings new understanding of how creatures with small brains are able to create elegant and complex structures.
Web-building spiders, which build blindly using only the sense of touch, have attracted humans for centuries. “The first step to understanding that is to study the behaviors and skills involved,” said Andrew Gordus, a Johns Hopkins behavioral biologist, “But until now it has never been done, mainly because of the challenge of detecting and recording the actions.”
His team studied a spider native to the western United States. To observe the spiders during their nighttime web-building work, the lab designed a stage with infrared (红外线的) cameras and infrared lights. They monitored and recorded six spiders every night and tracked millions of individual leg actions. “Even if you video record it, that's a lot of legs to track,”said lead author Abel Corver. “It's just too much to go through every frame (帧) and mark the leg points by hand so we trained machine vision software to detect the actions of the spider, frame by frame, so that we could record everything the legs do to build an entire web.”
They found that web-making behaviors are so similar across spiders that the researchers were able to predict the part of a web a spider was working on just from seeing the position of a leg. “Even if the final structure is a little different, the rules they use to build the web are the same,” Gordus said, “which confirms the rules are in their brains.”
Future work for the lab includes experiments with drugs to determine which circuits (回路) in the spider's brain are responsible for the various stages of web-building. Corver said, “This work could help us understand larger brain systems, including humans.”
7. What was the challenge in the previous studies on spiders' web-building?
A. Testing spiders' brains.
B. Tracking spiders' actions.
C. Observing spiders' webs at night.
D. Improving spiders' sense of touch.
8. What is a crucial step in the study led by Gordus?
A. Relying on the aid of special software.
B. Monitoring the safety of spiders.
C. Comparing varieties of spider webs.
D. Designing a set of infrared cameras.
9. What is contained in the future study according to paragraph 5?
A. The environment for humans.
B. The behavior of various spiders.
C. The drug for brain diseases.
D. The brain system of spiders.
10. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Spiders, Elegant Creatures
B. Small Brains, Amazing Skills
C. Spiders' Web Secrets Uncovered
D. Spiders' Web-building Ability Developed
【答案】7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘The first step to understanding that is to study the behaviors and skills involved,’ said Andrew Gordus, a Johns Hopkins behavioral biologist, ‘But until now it has never been done, mainly because of the challenge of detecting and recording the actions.’”(约翰霍普金斯大学行为生物学家Andrew Gordus说，“理解这一点的第一步就是要研究相关的行为和技能，但迄今为止还没有人做到这一点，主要是因为检测和记录行为具有挑战性。”)可知，在以前蜘蛛织网的研究中，跟踪蜘蛛的行为是一项挑战，故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It's just too much to go through every frame (帧) and mark the leg points by hand so we trained machine vision software to detect the actions of the spider, frame by frame, so that we could record everything the legs do to build an entire web.”(每一帧都要仔细检查，手工标记腿部位置，这太难了，所以我们培训研究人员使用机器视觉软件，一帧一帧地检测蜘蛛的动作，这样我们就可以记录腿部所做的一切，来构建一个完整的网。)可知，依靠特殊软件的帮助是Gordus领导的这项研究的关键步骤，故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Future work for the lab includes experiments with drugs to determine which circuits (回路) in the spider's brain are responsible for the various stages of web-building.”(该实验室未来的工作包括用药物进行实验，以确定蜘蛛大脑中的哪些回路负责蜘蛛网形成的各个阶段。)可知，未来会对蜘蛛的大脑系统进行研究，故选D。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Johns Hopkins University researchers discovered precisely how spiders (蜘蛛) build webs in the dark. Their creation of a web-building playbook brings new understanding of how creatures with small brains are able to create elegant and complex structures.”(约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的。它们织的网，使人们对这些有小脑袋的生物如何能够创造出优雅而复杂的结构有了新的理解。)可知，文章主要介绍了约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的，所以C选项“Spiders' Web Secrets Uncovered”(蜘蛛网的秘密被发现)适合做文章标题，故选C。
第二节（共5个小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It seems like some people are born with a good sense of direction while others are always getting lost.____11____ You can improve your sense of direction. You just need to work at it.
Nowadays, of course, it’s convenient to rely on GPS rather than commit a long, complex route to memory.____12____ Studying a larger map and remembering the route before you set out does have its benefits. The amount of mental energy it requires means it’s more likely to stick in your mind. Looking at Google Maps on a big screen or even studying a paper map also allows you to get a sense of that all-important bigger picture and how everywhere fits together.
____13____ It’s also important to notice what’s around you in all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well. This will come in particularly useful when you’re doing the journey in reverse (倒退)——even if it’s just finding your way back from the toilet in a restaurant. Another tip? Taking photographs or writing notes at key locations can help you keep them in your memory.
Finally, try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground. ____14____ But this sudden anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go. Besides, getting lost is one of the best ways to discover new places and add more detail to that ever——growing mental map, both of which will help you have a better sense of direction in the long term.
Your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the routes you already know, it’s never going to get any better. ____15____
A. Don’t just look where you’re going.
B. So now it’s the time to start exploring!
C. If you’re one of the “lost” ones, have no fear.
D. Anxiety plays a role in our sense of direction, too.
E. It’s all too easy to get anxious if you suspect you may be lost.
F. Developing a good sense of direction usually takes much practice.
G. But ignore it if you really want to improve your sense of direction.
【答案】11. C 12. G 13. A 14. E 15. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍提高方向感的技巧。
【11题详解】
上文“It seems like some people are born with a good sense of direction while others are always getting lost.”（似乎有些人天生就有很好的方向感，而另一些人总是迷路。）及下文“You can improve your sense of direction. You just need to work at it.”（你可以提高你的方向感。你只需要努力。）说明方向感可以通过努力提高。C项“如果你是容易迷路的人之一，不要害怕。”承上启下，故选C。
【12题详解】
上文“Nowadays, of course, it’s convenient to rely on GPS rather than commit a long, complex route to memory.”（当然，如今，依靠GPS，而不是将长而复杂的路线记牢，是很方便的。）及下文“Studying a larger map and remembering the route before you set out does have its benefits.”（研究更大的地图并在出发之前记住路线确实有其好处。）说虽然GPS很方便，但是记住地图上的路线更有助于方向感。G项“但是，如果你真的想提高你的方向感，那就忽略它吧。”承上启下，指出为了提高方向感，需要忽略GPS。故选G。
【13题详解】
下文“It’s also important to notice what’s around you in all directions. Instead of staring straight ahead, make sure you look up, down and behind you as well.”（注意你周围四面八方的东西也很重要。与其直视前方，不如确保你也向上、向下和向后看。）说明注意周围事物的重要性。不要一直直视前方，不要一直关注自己要去的地方。A项“不要只关注你要去哪里。”引出下文，故选A。
【14题详解】
上文“Finally, try to relax when you’re on unfamiliar ground.”（最后，当你在不熟悉的地方时，试着放松。）和下文“But this sudden anxiety will only prevent you from calmly working out which way to go.”（但这种突如其来的焦虑只会阻止你冷静地找出该走哪条路。）说明不认识路会让人焦虑，会使人不冷静，会妨碍自己对路线的判断。E项“如果你怀疑自己可能迷路了，很容易感到焦虑。”中的“anxious”与下文内容一致，引出下文，故选E。
【15题详解】
上文“Your sense of direction is a use-it-or-lose-it skill. If you only stick to the routes you already know, it’s never going to get any better.”（你的方向感是一种要么使用它，要么失去它的技能。如果你只坚持你已经知道的路线，它永远不会变得更好。）说明想要让方向感变得更好，不要只是走熟悉的路线，而是要探索新路线。B项“所以现在是时候开始探索了！”与上文内容一致，通过探索新路线帮助提高方向感。故选B。
第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20个小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
The first time my mom came over to babysit Alice, our newborn daughter, for a couple of hours, all I wanted to do was take my elderly Brooklyn out for a walk.
Brooklyn was ____16____ my dog. Fourteen years ago, when I first saw her in the pet store, I knew it was a done deal: we were ____17____.I had never had a pet ____18____, but I welcomed everything about it. I ____19____ her whole life in photos. And during large ____20____ gatherings, seeing me with baby Brooklyn, my favourite aunt would tell me one day I would be a great ____21____.
Brooklyn was ____22____ getting old and grey when my daughter was born, but she ____23____ the new baby with gentleness. However, as my daughter ____24____ more and more space in my life, Brooklyn's place in it began to _____25_____. And the less of a priority she became, the further I felt from my old self and the things that used to be _____26_____ to me.
By the time she was nearly 17, she was in a(n)_____27_____ condition. The day she died, she was in so much _____28_____. I fought back my tears and buried my _____29_____ in her fur as I carried her to the _____30_____.When the pet doctor gave her two shots that would make her _____31_____ forever, I watched her big brown eyes go _____32_____.“Rest now, my baby." I _____33_____ to her.
Four years later, I still _____34_____ that dog every day, because she was the one who taught me the heart-breaking beauty of being _____35_____ by another living being.
16. A. actually B. merely C. surely D. apparently
17. A. recognized B. perceived C. reunited D. attached
18. A. standing by B. moving about C. growing up D. fitting in
19. A. protected B. identified C. documented D. recalled
20. A. company B. family C. school D. club
21. A. doctor B. friend C. mother D. neighbour
22. A. also B. already C. instead D. even
23. A. welcomed B. hugged C. fed D. satisfied
24. A. saved B. explored C. created D. occupied
25. A. expand B. disappear C. shift D. fall
26. A. simple B. tiring C. important D. safe
27. A. critical B. fair C. steady D. original
28. A. pain B. anger C. trouble D. danger
29. A. hands B. face C. body D. feet
30. A. farm B. park C. zoo D. hospital
31. A. cheer up B. fall asleep C. hold on D. keep quiet
32. A. cold B. blank C. still D. blind
33. A. whispered B. sighed C. whistled D. nodded
34. A. attend B. greet C. guard D. miss
35. A. admired B. needed C. approved D. remembered
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. B 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了14年前作者开始养了一只狗，作者很喜欢她，像一位母亲一样照顾她，但是后来作者的女儿出生了，作者把注意力都放在女儿身上，而狗狗的地位下降了。后来，狗狗去世了，作者很伤心，现在仍然每天都想起它。
【16题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Brooklyn是我的狗。A. actually事实上；B. merely仅仅，只是；C. surely肯定；D. apparently显而易见地。由上文“all I wanted to do was take my elderly Brooklyn out for a walk.”可知，上文提到作者的母亲第一天来照顾自己的孩子时，作者想做的事就是带着Brooklyn出去散步，此处具体解释谁是Brooklyn，事实上，Brooklyn是作者的狗。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：14年前，当我第一次在宠物店见到它时，我就知道收养它是板上钉钉的事，我们彼此很喜欢对方。A. recognized认出；B. perceived察觉；C. reunited团聚；D. attached系上，使依恋。由上文“Fourteen years ago, when I first saw her in the pet store, I knew it was a done deal”可知，作者第一次在宠物店见到Brooklyn的时候，就知道Brooklyn就是自己想要的狗，所以此处说彼此很喜欢。故选D。
【18题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我从来没有养过宠物，但是我对这只狗的一切都很满意。A. standing by支持；B. moving about走来走去；C. growing up长大；D. fitting in适应。由上文“I had never had a pet___3__, but I welcomed everything about it”可知，作者虽然以前从未养过狗，但是作者对Brooklyn的一切都感到满意。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我用照片记录了它的一生。A. protected保护；B. identified认出；C. documented记录；D. recalled回想。由下文“her whole life in photos.”可知，作者用照片来记录Brooklyn的一生。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大家庭聚会的时候，看到我和Brooklyn在一起，我最喜欢的阿姨告诉我，有一天我会成为一位好母亲。A. company公司；B. family家庭；C. school学校；D. club俱乐部。由下文“my favourite aunt”可知，此处指家庭聚会。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大家庭聚会的时候，看到我和Brooklyn在一起，我最喜欢的阿姨告诉我，有一天我会成为一位好母亲。A. doctor医生；B. friend朋友；C. mother母亲；D. neighbour邻居。由上文“baby Brooklyn”可知，作者的阿姨看到作者照顾Brooklyn就像照顾孩子一样，所以说作者以后会成为一位好母亲。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我女儿出生的时候，Brooklyn已经老了，毛发也变白了，但它还是温柔地迎接了我刚出生的女儿。A. also也；B. already已经；C. instead代替，相反；D. even甚至。由下文“getting old and grey when my daughter was born”可知，当作者女儿出生时，Brooklyn已经老了，毛发也变白了。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我女儿出生的时候，Brooklyn已经老了，毛发也变白了，但它还是温柔地迎接了我刚出生的女儿。A. welcomed欢迎；B. hugged拥抱；C. fed喂养；D. satisfied使满意。由下文“the new baby with gentleness.”可知，Brooklyn温柔地迎接作者刚出生的女儿。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着我女儿占据我越来越多的生活空间，Brooklyn的地位开始下降。A. saved节省；B. explored探索；C. created创作；D. occupied占据。由下文“more and more space in my life,”可知，此处指作者把越来越多的注意力都放在女儿身上。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着我女儿占据我越来越多的生活空间，Brooklyn的地位开始下降。A. expand扩大；B. disappear消失；C. shift移动；D. fall下降。由下文“And the less of a priority she became”可知，此处指Brooklyn的地位开始下降。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它变得越来越不重要，我就越觉得自己和以前的自己，以及那些曾经对我很重要的东西越来越疏远。A. simple简单的；B. tiring令人疲倦的；C. important重要的；D. safe安全的。由上文“And the less of a priority she became, the further I felt from my old self and the things that used to be”可知，Brooklyn变得越来越不重要，作者和它开始疏远，Brooklyn曾经在作者心里很重要，所以此处指作者觉得和以前的自己，以及对自己很重要的东西，如Brooklyn，越来越疏远。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在它快17岁的时候，它病重了。A. critical病重的；B. fair公平的；C. steady稳定的；D. original原先的。由下文“The day she died”可知，后来Brooklyn死了，所以可以推断出，此处指Brooklyn病重。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它死的那天，非常痛苦。A. pain痛苦；B. anger生气；C. trouble困难，麻烦；D. danger危险。由上文“The day she died”和下文“When the pet doctor gave her two shots”可知，Brooklyn病重的那一天，医生给它打针，所以可以推断出，它很痛苦。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我把它送到医院时，我强忍住眼泪，把脸埋在它的毛发里。A. hands手；B. face脸；C. body身体；D. feet脚。由下文“in her fur”可知，作者强忍住泪水，把脸埋在它的毛发里。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我把它送到医院时，我强忍住眼泪，把脸埋在它的毛发里。A. farm农场；B. park公园；C. zoo动物园；D. hospital医院。由下文“the pet doctor”可知，作者把Brooklyn带到了医院。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当宠物医生给它打了两针，让它永远睡着的时候，我看着它棕色的大眼睛一动不动。A. cheer up使高兴；B. fall asleep睡着；C. hold on等一下；D. keep quiet保持安静。由下文“Rest now, my baby,”和上文“The day she died”可知，此处指宠物医生给它打了两针，让它永远睡着，此处“永远睡着”是指Brooklyn死了。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当宠物医生给它打了两针，让它永远睡着的时候，我看着它棕色的大眼睛一动不动。A. cold冷的；B. blank空白的；C. still静止的，不动的；D. blind瞎的。由下文“Rest now, my baby,”和上文“The day she died”可知，Brooklyn死了，所以它的眼睛一动不动。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“好好休息吧，我的宝贝，”我低声对它说。A. whispered小声说；B. sighed叹息；C. whistled吹口哨；D. nodded点头。由上文“Rest now, my baby,”可知，作者低声对Brooklyn，让它安息。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年后，我仍然每天都想念那只狗，因为是它教会了我，被另一个生命所需要的那种令人心碎的美。A. attend出席，参加；B. greet打招呼；C. guard守卫；D. miss想念。由下文“that dog every day,”可知，作者仍然每天都想念那只狗。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年后，我仍然每天都想念那只狗，因为是它教会了我，被另一个生命所需要的那种令人心碎的美。A. admired钦佩；B. needed需要；C. approved同意；D. remembered记住。由上文“And during large gatherings, seeing me with baby Brooklyn, my favourite aunt would tell me one day I would be a great .”可知，作者收养Brookly时，Brookly还是一只小狗，它的成长需要作者的照顾和陪伴，所以这里意思是作者被狗狗所需要。故选B。
第二节（共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wild animals are equipped with a variety of techniques to avoid becoming lunch for a much ____36____ (big), toothier animal. The most well-known ____37____ (method) include the classic “fight” and “flight”, as well as “freeze”.
A team of researchers wondered ____38____ closeness to people might influence those survival strategies. ____39____ (find) out, Blumstein and his workmates combined information from 173 studies of more than 100 species, ____40____ (include) mammals, birds, fish and so on.
It turns out that the animals react in a similar way to life among humans: they lose their anti-predator (躲避掠食者 ）characteristics. That pattern is ____41____ (especial)obvious for social species. This behavioral change is perhaps unsurprising when it's the result of domestication (驯化）, ____42____ means training or adapting an animal to live in a human environment and be ____43____ (use) to humans.
Urbanization (城市化） alone results ____44____ a similar change, though much more slowly. If the urbanization process _____45_____ (help) animals better coexist with people, it can be to their benefit. But if it makes them weaker or easier to be hurt by their nonhuman predators, it can be a real problem.
【答案】36. bigger
37. methods
38. whether##if
39. To find
40. including
41. especially
42. which 43. used
44. in 45. helps
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述研究者们为了让动物和人类和平共存，想了很多的方法。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：动物身上配备了各种各样的技术，就是为了避免他们成为更加大的牙齿更锋利的动物的午餐。根据句子结构和意思可知，前面有“much”修饰，所以这里考查形容词的比较级，作定语，修饰后面的名词“animal”。故填bigger。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：最有名的方法包括经典的“打”和“跑”，还有“冻”。根据句子结构和意思可知，句子的谓语动词“include”是复数形式，所以说明空格处要用可数名词复数形式做主语。故填methods。
【38题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：一组研究人员想知道接近人类是否会影响那些生存策略。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查及物动词“wondered”后面跟宾语从句。宾语从句中基本成分完整，上下文意思需要“是否”。故填whether/if。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：为了弄明白，Blumstein和他的工作人员们结合了来自于100多个物种的173项研究的信息，其中包括哺乳动物，鸟类，鱼类等等。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词不定式做目的状语，动词“find”是句子主语“Blumstein and his workmates”主动发出的动作。故填To find。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：见第4题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词including，表示“包括”的意思。故填including。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：这种模式对社会物种来说尤其的明显。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查副词修饰形容词“obvious”。故填especially。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：当它是驯化的结果的时候，这种行为的改变也许就不令人吃惊了，驯化的意思是训练动物或者让动物适应住在人类的环境中，并且习惯于人类。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是“domestication”，在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。
【43题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：见第7题。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配“be used to”表示“习惯于”的意思。故填used。
【44题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：单单城市化就会导致类似的改变，虽然慢很多。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语“result in”表示“导致”的意思。故填in。
【45题详解】
考查谓语。句意：如果城市化进程更好的帮助动物和人类共存，那将对它们是有好处的。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查一般现在时的谓语动词，主语是“the urbanization process”，所以谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故填helps。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 你校文学社将招募新成员。假定你是负责人，请写一则启事刊登在校英语报上，内容包括：
1.文学社简介；2.入社条件；3.报名时间、方式。
注意：
1.词数80左右（标题已给出，不计入总词数）；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Literature Lovers Wanted
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Literature Lovers Wanted
Our school's Literature Club is recruiting new members. If you are enthusiastic about literature and eager to share your views on literary works, then our club is suitable for you.
Founded in 2015, the Literature Club enjoys a good reputation by providing a platform for literature lovers to exchange their notions. Various activities are regularly conducted, ranging from literature lectures to group discussions.
You can sign up on the school website before January 20 Looking forward to your participation!
The School's Literature Club
【解析】
【分析】本文是应用文。要求考生以校文学社负责人的身份写一则招募新成员的启事刊登在校英语报上。
【详解】1.词汇积累
招募：recruit → want
热情的：enthusiastic → passionate
观点：view → opinion
提供：provide → offer
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Founded in 2015, the Literature Club enjoys a good reputation by providing a platform for literature lovers to exchange their notions.
拓展句：Founded in 2015, the Literature Club enjoys a good reputation by providing a platform where literature lovers can exchange their notions.
【点睛】【高分句型1】If you are enthusiastic about literature and eager to share your views on literary works, then our club is suitable for you.（由if引导的条件状语从句）
【高分句型2】Founded in 2015, the Literature Club enjoys a good reputation by providing a platform for literature lovers to exchange their notions.（由Founded过去分词短语做状语）
【高分句型3】Various activities are regularly conducted, ranging from literature lectures to group discussions.（由ranging现在分词短语做后置定语）
第二节：读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Prissy Baker was in Oscar Miller's store on New Year's morning, buying matches when her uncle, Richard Baker, came in. He did not look at Prissy, nor did she wish him a happy New Year; she would not have dared.
Uncle Richard had not been speaking with Prissy or her father since the two brothers' quarrel over the division of a piece of property eight years ago. The fault had been mainly on Richard's side, but he was too stubborn (固执的) to admit it.
He was actually a big, strong-looking man-an uncle to be proud of, Prissy thought, if only he were like what he used to be himself. He was the only uncle Prissy had, and when she was a little girl they had been great friends; but that was before the quarrel.
Richard Baker informed Mr. Miller he was on his way to Navarre to deliver a load of pork. “New Year's Day would be pretty much the same as any other day to you,” said Mr. Miller, for Richard Baker was a bachelor (单身汉).
“Well, I always like a good dinner on New Year's Day,” said Richard Baker. “It's about the only way I can celebrate. I got everything ready last night but I have to send the pork now. I won't get back from Navarre before one o'clock, so I guess I'll have to put up with a cold bite.”
After her uncle had driven away, Prissy walked thoughtfully home. She did not mean to cook a dinner, for her father had to meet a friend and would be gone the whole day. There was nobody else to cook dinner for. Prissy's mother had died when Prissy was a baby.
But as she walked home, she could not help thinking about Uncle Richard. He would certainly have cold New Year, cold enough to freeze the whole coming year. She felt sorry for him, picturing him returning from Navarre, cold and hungry, to find a fireless house and an uncooked dinner.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly an idea came into Prissy's head.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Prissy had just set the table when an angry voice cut through the peace.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Suddenly an idea came into Prissy's head. She thought she could cook some New Year food for her uncle Richard which might be a big surprise dinner for him and her father to bury the hatchet. Happily and excitedly, Prissy hurried to prepare for the dinner. She remembered that Uncle Richard liked pork and beef, so she took out what her father had bought before and got down to cooking. Finally, she made delicious dinner for them, and called Uncle Richard to have the dinner at her home when he was back, hoping to have a happy night.
Prissy had just set the table when an angry voice cut through the peace. Her father came back. He had known that she cooked the dinner for Uncle Richard, which made him very angry. She said sorry to her father, but she also told him that Uncle Richard was very poor, driving to deliver pork at cold New Year eve, without a warm house or a dinner. She persuaded her father to forget the quarrel and bury the hatchet. At last, her father realize what she said was right. He should not have broken up with his only brother. At midnight, Uncle Richard returned and admitted that he was wrong. Eventually, they did have a happy night.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索，主要讲述女孩Prissy父亲和叔叔因为一些财产的分割而有了矛盾，导致他们之间8年没有任何交流，叔叔一个人的生活也很辛苦，所以Prissy很想为她的叔叔做点什么。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，一个主意进入Prissy的脑海。”可知，第一段可描写Prissy想到了什么样的主意和接下来她的做法。
②由第二段首句内容“Prissy刚摆好桌子，一个生气的声音打破了宁静。”可知，第二段可描写Prissy的父亲得知了她的行为之后很生气。
2.续写线索：Prissy想到为叔叔做晚餐——Prissy想让父亲和叔叔冰释前嫌——Prissy做晚餐——Prissy邀请叔叔回来共进晚餐——Prissy的父亲得知消息——Prissy的父亲很生气——Prissy说服了父亲——父亲和叔叔和好。
3.词汇积累
行为类
①匆忙：hurried/go hurriedly
②开始：got down to/set out
情绪类
①高兴：happily/with happiness
②兴奋：excitedly/with excitement
【点睛】【高分句型1】She thought she could cook some New Year food for her uncle Richard, which might be a big surprise dinner for him and her father to bury the hatchet.（由省略连词that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】She remembered that Uncle Richard liked pork and beef, so she took out what her father had bought before and got down to cooking.（由that引导的宾语从句和what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型3】Finally, she made delicious dinner for them, and called Uncle Richard to have the dinner at her home when he was back, hoping to have a happy night.（由when引导时间状语从句）
【高分句型4】He had known that she cooked the dinner for Uncle Richard, which made him very angry.（由that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型5】At last, her father realize what she said was right.（由省略连词that引导的宾语从句和what引导的主语从句）
听力答案：1-5 BABCC 6-10 ABCAB 11-15 BABAC 16-20 CACBA
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