英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 5 First Aid评优课课件ppt

这是一份英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 5 First Aid评优课课件ppt，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了Grammar，Activity 1，Summary ，Activity 2，Activity 3，Activity 4，Discussion，附单元语法精讲精练，核心词汇，题组练·领悟方法等内容，欢迎下载使用。

What is the functin f the- ing frm in each sentence belw? Can yu express the same ideas withut using the -ing frm?
1 As yu can imagine，getting burnt can lead t very serius injuries. 作主语 As yu can imagine， if yu get burnt，it can lead t very serius injuries. 2 The first and mst imprtant step in the treatment f burns is giving first aid. 作表语 The first and mst imprtant step in the treatment f burns is t give first aid. 3 It is best t place burns under cl running water，especially within the first ten minutes. 作定语 It is best t run sme cl water and place burns under it， especially within the first ten minutes.
4 Remve any clthes using scissrs if necessary，unless yu see 作状语the fabric sticking t the burnt skin. Use scissrs t remve any 宾语补足语 clthes if necessary， unless yu find that the fabric sticks t the burnt skin. 5 Yu can prtect the burnt area by cvering it with a lse clean 作宾语 clth. T prtect the burnt area， yu can cver it with a lse clean clth.
-ing的句法功能作定语:说明被修饰词的性质、特征、用途，或所修饰的人/事物的动作、状态，如: a visiting schlar、the girl wearing a red hat。作表语:说明主语的性质、状态或内容，如 :  ·The film is interesting.  ·His hbby is cllecting stamps.作宾语补足语:补充说明宾语正在进行的感官动作、心理状态或使役动作等，如:  · I smell smething burning in the kitchen.  ·They kept us waiting fr ver tw hurs yesterday.
-ing的句法功能作状语:表示动作发生的时间、条件、结果、原因或伴随状况等，如:  Seeing thse pictures, he remembered his childhd.作主语:表示事物化、抽象化概念， 如:  · Seeing is believing.  · It's n use crying ver spit milk.作宾语:表示动作的对象，或代替it作真正的宾语，如:  ·We tried t avid making mistakes.  · I dn't think it pssible living in such a cld place.
Replace each underlined part with a suitable -ing frm and rewrite the sentence as necessary. Wrk with a partner and summarise the different structures f the -ing frm. When is each ne used?
1　When he gt ut f the bathtub，he slipped and fell n the flr. When ________ut f the bathtub， he slipped and fell n the flr. 2　Is there any reasn why we are nt ging t have the first-aid training this week? Is there any reasn fr ___________the first-aid training this week?
3 She had been tld abut the risk f electric shcks and this made her very careful while using hairdryers. __________________abut the risk f electric shcks，she was very careful while using hairdryers. 4 Because the child was nt watched carefully by his parents，he tuched a ht irn and burnt his finger. ________________carefully by his parents，the child tuched a ht irn and burnt his finger. 5 After she had been bitten by msquites，she applied sme medicine t her skin. After ________________________by msquites，she applied sme medicine t her skin.
Having been tld
Nt being watched
being/having been bitten
nt being dne
nt having dne
nt having been dne
Cmplete the passage with the crrect frms f the given wrds. What happened t Mrs Taylr?
Mrs Taylr was an elderly wman 　　 （live） alne. One day，she was in her living rm cleaning the windws, when suddenly she culd n lnger feel the right side f her bdy. _______（try）t walk t her sfa t sit dwn, she fell ver nt the carpet. Then she realised that she culd nt get up, and that she was having truble _________（breathe）. Frtunately, she had her mbile phne with her，and she was able t reach it with her left hand while _____ （lie）n the flr. Her mbile phne____________ ______ （already, set up） t call an emergency number at the push f a buttn, s it was easy t call fr help. While attempting
was already
t talk t the peratr，Mrs Taylr discvered that she culd nt speak. ___________ （nt, hear） an answer, the peratr knew that Mrs Taylr must be in truble. Telling Mrs Taylr that everything wuld be OK, she immediately sent an ambulance. After _______（arrive）, the ambulance team quickly fund Mrs Taylr and withut delay gave her xygen, put in an IV needle，and checked her vital signs._________________（take）t the hspital and treated immediately, Mrs Taylr’s health was in n great danger，thugh she had t stay in the hspital ward . After a week，her ___________ （frighten） experience was ver, and she was allwed t g hme.
Having been taken
frightening
She had a strke when she was alne at hme. She called fr an ambulance and was saved in time.
Make sentences with the fllwing clues. Then try t frm a lgical paragraph by putting sme f the sentences tgether. Pay attentin t the use f the -ing frm.
Reacting rapidly in times f emergency… Reacting rapidly in times f emergency is f urgent imprtance. Nt hesitating fr a single secnd,… Nt hesitating fr a single secnd，Paul ran t help the victim. Having called the ambulance,… Having called the ambulance，Paul began rescue breathing. I stpped his bleeding by… I stpped his bleeding by pressing dwn n the wund with a piece f gauze.
When carrying ut rescue breathing,.. When carrying ut rescue breathing，it is imprtant t clear the victim’s muth and tilt his head back.Being educated n hw t respnd t life-threatening situatins, ... Being educated n hw t respnd t life-threatening situatins， Paul was cnfident that he knew what t d.The man was thankful fr ... The man was thankful fr Paul’s quick actin in saving his life.
It was an inspiring experience and I think in the future I'll keep … It was an inspiring experience and I think in the future I’ll keep learning new life-saving techniques. T learn mre first-aid techniques, I'm cnsidering … T learn mre first-aid techniques，I’m cnsidering signing up fr lessns at the Red Crss. When I saw bld flwing ut frm his arm, I culdn't help… When I saw bld flwing ut frm his arm，I culdn’t help but run t his aid.
The ther day when Paul was walking in a park，he saw a yung man lying face dwn in a pl f water. Being educated n hw t respnd t life-threatening situatins，Paul was cnfident that he knew what t d. Nt hesitating fr a single secnd，Paul ran t help the victim. He pulled the man frm the water and saw that he was n lnger breathing. Having called the ambulance，Paul began rescue breathing. When carrying ut rescue breathing，it is imprtant t clear the victim’s muth and tilt his head back. Paul cntinued ding this until the ambulance arrived. They were able t revive him. The man was thankful fr Paul’s quick actin in saving his life. Reacting rapidly in times f emergency is f urgent imprtance.
Wrk in pairs and discuss the fllwing questins.
1 What shuld peple d when facing a frightening experience like Mrs Taylr’s? When having a frightening experience like Mrs Taylr’s，peple shuld try t get help，like she did. 2 What are sme risks that elderly peple may encunter when living alne? When living alne，elderly peple may fall r get injured，and nt be able t help themselves r even call fr help.
3 What can we d t help prevent elderly peple frm taking unnecessary risks? T help prevent elderly peple frm taking unnecessary risks，we shuld make sure that their hmes are easy t get arund in，with handrails（扶手）， ramps（斜坡） instead f stairs，and even walking surfaces（人行道）.
Language pints
单元语法 复习动词 -ing 形式动词 -ing 形式的变化 （以 d 为例）（1）动词 -ing 形式的一般式：ding 表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生或表示一般情况。During the rsy years f elementary schl，I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes. 在小学的美好岁月里，我喜欢分享我的玩具和笑话。
（2）动词 -ing 形式的完成式：having dne 表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 Having returned frm a lng bike ride，I was tired and bathed in sweat. 骑自行车跑了很长一段路返回后，我身体疲惫，汗流浃背。（3）动词 -ing 形式的主动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的执行者。 He insisted n participating in vluntary wrk every week. 他坚持每周参加志愿活动。（4）动词 -ing 形式的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。He can’t stand being blamed fr thers’ fault. 他忍受不了因为别人的过错而受责备。
（5）动词 -ing 形式的复合结构 动词 -ing 形式加上自己的逻辑主语，便构成了动词 -ing 形式的复合结构。其逻辑 主语可以是形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格、名词普通格。 位于句首时，逻辑主语只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。Tm’s/His being utspken wn ur respect.汤姆的坦诚赢得了我们的尊敬。We are lking frward t his/him/Tm’s/Tm cming t deliver a speech t us. 我们盼望着他 / 汤姆来给我们作演讲。
指出下列句中动词 -ing 形式As is ften the case，nbdy likes being laughed at in public. 　 __________　　(2) He is very kind and likes helping thse wh are in truble. 　　　 _______ __(3) On seeing the rescue wrkers，they felt a sense f relief and tears flded their eyes. __________(4) Nt having received the helmet and bt，I telephned the seller. 　　　 __________(5) Mary’s nt passing the exam made her mther very angry. 　　　 ______________
-ing 形式的复合结构
单句语法填空(6)Every student was silent，　　　　（wait）t see wh wuld be called upn t read his r her paragraph alud.(7)　 　　　　（wait） in the rain fr half an hur，the audience began t feel impatient.(8) 　 　　　　（cause） great damage t the twn，the rain stpped at last.(9)The car brke dwn n the way，　　　　（cause） the delay.(10)The ld man insisted n 　 　　　　（give）the night shift，saying he had n ne t take care f.
Having waited
Having caused
being given
2 动词 -ing 形式作主语（1）位置动词 -ing 形式作主语时通常有两种位置：一种是位于句首，另一种是 it 作形式主语, 而将动词 -ing 形式后置。Building up a dream team is mre cmplex than simply hiring the best talent. 建立一个梦想团队比简单地雇用最好的人才更复杂。【学法点拨】单个的动词 -ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Having seen a lt f the wrld in ne’s yuth is a gd thing. 年轻时见过很多世面是一件好事。
（2）常用动词 -ing 形式作主语的句型 It is a waste f time ding... 做……是浪费时间。 It is n gd/use ding... 做……是没用的。 It is wrthwhile ding... 做……是值得的。 It is n fun ding... 做……没有乐趣。 It is a waste f time arguing with him abut the matter. 同他争辩这件事是浪费时间。 It is n gd/use regretting. 悔恨是没用的。 It is n use crying ver spilt milk. 牛奶已洒，哭也白搭。（覆水难收。）
（3）动词 -ing 形式和 t d 作主语时的区别动词 -ing 形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，而不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性 的动作。 Singing is my hbby，and t sing at the cncert is my dream. 唱歌是我的爱好，在音乐会上唱歌是我的梦想。
单句语法填空(1)　　　　　（relearn） the art f seeing the wrld arund us is quite simple，althugh it takes practice and requires breaking sme bad habits.(2) As a chef，　　　　（study）Chinese cuisine is what he ften des whether in wrk r at hme.(3) It’s a waste f time just 　　　　（wait）. We shuld engage urselves in the search wrk.(4) 　　　　 　（expse） t lud nise can d damage t yur hearing.(5) 　　　　 （share） is als a way t cut dwn living expenses.
Being expsed
完成句子(6) 　　　　　　　　　　　　 （怀疑他没有用）. We need t find ut sme evidence.(7) 　　　　　　　　　　　（期待……是没用的） the teacher t verlk yur careless mistakes. 　
It is n use suspecting him
It is n gd expecting
3 动词 -ing 形式作表语（1）动词 -ing 形式作表语表示抽象的、一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容或者某种性质或特征，表语和主语常可互换位置。Her jb is keeping the lecture hall as clean as pssible. 她的工作是使演讲厅尽可能地干净。（2）动词 -ing 形式作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类动词 -ing 形式通常可以看作形容词。Bacteria are annying fr astrnauts in space.细菌对于在太空的宇航员来说是很烦人的。
【误区警示】 动词 -ing 形式作表语表抽象的一般性的行为，而不定式作表语表一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。 Tny’s hbby is drawing，but nw what he wants t d is（t） dance. 托尼的爱好是画画，可是现在他想要做的是跳舞。
单句语法填空(1) Judging frm his lk，the news was 　　　　　（shck）.(2) The situatin bth at hme and abrad is very__________　　　　　（inspire）.(3) One part f his wrk is 　　 （make）mnthly advertising budgets.(4) One mistake yu made is 　　　　　（ignre）the difference between the tw findings.(5) Yur task fr the next few days is 　　　　（read） the adaptatin frm the nvel.
4 动词 -ing 形式作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语接动词 -ing 形式作宾语的常用动词（短语）有：avid，miss，delay/put ff 避免 错过 少延期advise/ suggest，finish，practise 建议 完成 多练习enjy，imagine，can’t help 喜欢 想象 禁不住admit，deny，envy 承认 否定 与嫉妒escape，risk，excuse 逃避 冒险 莫原谅stand，keep，mind 忍受 保持 不介意 T avid being nticed，he slipped int the rm. 为了不被注意到，他悄悄地溜进房间。
（2）作介词的宾语常用动词 -ing 形式作宾语的短语有：give up，dream f，be fnd f，be cncerned abut，feel like，insist n，think f，set abut 等。I dream f sailing arund the wrld and leading a happy life.我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。【误区警示】下列短语中的 t 是介词，后应接动词 -ing 形式作宾语。be addicted t，be accustmed t，devte neself t，be used t，lk frward t，get dwn t，stick t，bject t，pay attentin t，lead t，cntribute t
【学法点拨】(1) 动词-ing形式作宾语时，如果动作不是主语发出，则需加逻辑主语。 Wuld yu mind pening the windw? 你介意打开窗户吗？ Wuld yu mind me/my /Tm/ Tm’s pening the windw? 你介意我 / 汤姆打开窗户吗？(2) 当不强调动作先后时既可以用ding也可以用having dne作宾语。 He admitted having referred /referring t his ntes in the exam. 他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。(3) 接动词 -ing 形式或 t d 作宾语时意义差别不大的动词有：begin， start，cntinue，like，lve，prefer，hate 等。 Statistics shw that prices will cntinue rising/t rise. 统计数据显示，物价将持续上涨。
(4) 接动词 -ing 形式或 t d 作宾语时意义差别较大的动词有： remember/frget t d sth. 记着 / 忘记要做某事 remember/frget ding sth. 记着 / 忘记做过某事 regret t d/ ding sth. 遗憾要做 / 后悔做了某事 try t d/ ding sth. 努力做 / 试着做某事 mean t d/ ding sth. 打算做 / 意味着做某事 stp t d/ ding sth. 停下来去做（另一件事）/ 停止做某事 can’t help（t） d/ding sth. 不能帮忙做 / 禁不住做某事 They stpped t have a lk at the fantastic scenery. 他们停下来，看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。 They stpped wrking and had a rest. 他们停止工作，休息了一下
(5) 动词 think/cnsider/find/feel/believe 后面可以用 it 作形式宾语， 动词 -ing 形式作真正的宾语 D yu cnsider it gd trying again? 你觉得再试一次有用吗？(6) 动词 -ing 形式作介词宾语，介词可省略的短语有： spend time/mney（in） ding be busy（in） ding prevent/stp sb.（frm） ding have truble/difficulty/a prblem/a gd time（in） ding The plice had much difficulty（in）finding ut the cnnectin between the man and the case. 警方颇费周折才查明这个人与该案的关联。
(7) 主动形式表被动意义 need，require，want 作“需要”讲时，接动词 -ing 形式作宾语， 表示被动含义，相当于 t be dne。 The rm needs equipping /t be equipped with a vide camera. 这个房间需要安装一台摄像机。
单句语法填空(1) When it cmes t 　　　　（give） first aid，we shuld learn frm this paramedic.(2) Sme peple believe that they can’t help　　　　（put）n weight as they get lder.(3) I’d advise 　　　　　（buy）yur tickets well in advance if yu want t travel in August.(4) He regretted 　 　　　　（select）this mbile phne which cst him an arm and a leg.(5) Generally speaking，many cmpanies prefer emplying a skilled wrker t　　　　　（emply）a new graduate wh has n practical experience.
selecting/ having selected
(6)The chance f 　 　　　　（attack）by a shark is very little cmpared t ther dangers.(7) Several f these washers and dryers are ut f rder and need 　　　　　（repair）.(8)The band was lking frward t 　　　　 （becme）famus vernight.(9) T be hnest，I have never imagined him　　　　 （wander）aimlessly deep int night.(10) I remember the bss 　　　　（lk）this thin girl ver and telling me I had a week t prve I culd d it. 　　　
being attacked
(11)When I arrived hme，my daughter pretended t be practising 　　　　（play）the pian.(12) In this way，yu are able t keep it n yur radar fr a while withut 　　　　（feel） pressured. (13) She suggested us 　　　 （g）t the Great Wall fr the spring uting.(14) The advisr spent much time 　　　　　（bserve）every student’s characters.　　　
完成句子(15) In the face f the big fire，many peple in the fire-stricken areas mved ut t 　　　　　　　 （逃避被大火烧到）.(16) I didn’t mean 　　　　　　　（吃东西）but the ice cream lked s gd that I ___________________（忍不住尝了尝）.(17) In my mind，they help us t becme calm and ________________（考虑要去赢） and slving real prblems as well.(18) She is very prud and can’t stand 　　 　　　　　　　（被瞧不起）by thers.
escape being burned
culdn’t help trying it
cnsider winning
being lked dwn upn
t eat anything
5 动词 -ing 形式作宾语补足语动词 -ing 形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾补是主动关系。（1） 作动词的宾语补足语能跟动词 -ing 形式作宾补，常见的感官动词有：see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listen t，lk at，ntice，bserve；其他动词有 set，keep，have，get，leave，catch 等。 They use cmputers t keep the traffic running smthly. 他们使用电脑来保持交通畅通。
【误区警示】①感官动词后用 ding 作宾补表示动作正在进行；用 d 作宾补表示动作的全过程。 I saw Linda whispering t Danny. 我看见琳达正在和丹尼交头接耳。（表示动作正在进行） I saw Linda whisper t Danny. 我看见琳达和丹尼交头接耳。（表示动作的全过程） ②有些动词，如 regard，describe，accept，think f，lk n 后，可由as 引出动词-ing 形式作宾补。 They describe the film starring Luis as being attractive. 他们说那部由路易斯主演的影片很吸引人。
（2）作介词 with 的宾补在 “with+ 宾语 +ding” 结构中，ding 表示主动或进行。 With the final exam appraching，the students are studying harder.由于期末考试要到了，学生们学习更加努力了。【误区警示】 “with+ 宾语 +dne”表示被动或完成；“with+ 宾语 +t d”表示尚未发生。 He lay in bed with his eyes fcused n the ceiling.他躺在床上，眼睛盯着天花板。With an interview t take，he felt a little nervus.要参加面试，他感到有点儿紧张。
单句语法填空(1)We shuldn’t keep him 　　　　　（cntinue）t waste his time playing games.(2) When I came in，I saw Linda 　 　　　（cmfrt） the crying girl.(3) China’s image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries___________ 　 　　　（recgnize） its rle in internatinal affairs.(4) After the party, mst guests left, with nly tw f them _________　　　　　（remain） in the hst family，helping her clean up.　　　　 　
(5) The yung man was caught 　　　　　（steal）his neighbur’s water pump.(6) The living rm is clean and tidy，with a Christmas tree _________　　　　　（stand）in the middle.(7) He was just abut t sit dwn when he felt smething ___________　　　　　（mve）near his feet.(8) Hearing the scream，the peratr rushed ut，leaving the machine still　　　　　（run）.(9) We held ur breath when watching the dctr 　 　　（deal ） with the swllen skin.
6 动词 -ing 形式作定语（1）表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，意为“供……用”，相当于介词 fr 短语，常置于被修饰词之前。 a sleeping car = a car fr sleep 卧铺车厢 a waiting rm = a rm fr waiting 候车室 a bathing cap = a cap fr bathing 浴帽 a walking stick = a stick fr walking 拐杖
（2）表示被修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与动词 -ing 形式之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。单个的动词 -ing 形式作定语时，放在被修饰词之前；动词 -ing 形式短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词之后。 a singing bird = a bird that is sing 正在唱歌的鸟儿 The girl perfrming n the stage has a gift fr dance.=The girl wh is perfrming n the stage has a gift fr dance.在舞台上表演的那个女孩有舞蹈天赋。【误区警示】动词 -ing 形式的完成式 having dne 一般只用来作状语，不作定语。被地震破坏的庙宇很快将被重建。The twer having been destryed will be rebuilt.（×）The twer which has been destryed will be rebuilt.（√）
【学法点拨】过去分词、现在分词的被动式和动词不定式的被动式作定语的区别：(1) 过去分词作定语（dne）表示被动，动作已完成。 the stadium built last year（已经建完）(2) 动词 -ing 形式的被动式作定语（being dne）表示被动，动作正 在发生。 the stadium being built nw（正在被建）(3) 不定式的被动式作定语（t be dne）表示被动，动作将要发生。 the stadium t be built next year（将要建造）
单句语法填空(1)The next thing he saw was smke 　　　（rise） frm behind the huse.(2) Generally speaking，the flwers　　　　　（smell） sweet can attract mre bees.(3)A wman asked the schl t accept her sn，wh has a 　　　　（hear）disability.(4) Lk ver there—there’s a winding path 　　　　 （lead） t the huse.(5)She gt an e-mail 　　　 （ask） fr her credit card accunt number.(6) There’s a nte pinned t the dr　　　　（say） when the shp will pen.
完成句子(7) These ld huses 　　　　　　　（追溯到）the 1500s are under repair nw.(8) Advertisers attempt t catch the readers’ interest with pictures and 　 　　　（令人兴奋的标题）.(9) Tday there are mre airplanes 　　 　　　　　　（载着更多人） than ever befre in the sky.　 　 　
dating back t
exciting headlines
carrying mre peple
7 动词 -ing 形式作状语动词 -ing 形式作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随等，且可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句中的一个分句。（1）时间状语动词 -ing 形式作时间状语，相当于 when，while 等引导的时间状语从句。Seeing the ld phts，I remembered my adlescence.看到这些老照片，我想起了我的青春期。（2）原因状语动词 -ing 形式作原因状语，一般位于句首，相当于 as, since, because 等引导的原因状语从句。Having been threatened by a rbber，he dared nt g t the plice.由于受到强盗的威胁，他不敢报警。
（3）条件状语 动词-ing形式作条件状语，相当于 if，unless等引导的条件状 语从句。 Ging straight dwn the rad，yu will find the canteen. 沿着这条路直走，你就会找到食堂。（4）让步状语 动词 -ing 形式作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。 Having failed many times，I still have faith in my future. 尽管失败多次，我仍然对未来充满信心。
（5）结果状语动词 -ing 形式作结果状语，表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末。有时为了突出结果，前可加 thus，相当于一个含有并列谓语的简单句。 The wind swept thrugh the windw，making the rm very cl. = The wind swept thrugh the windw，and made the rm very cl. 风吹过窗户，使得房间里非常凉爽。【误区警示】动词 -ing 形式作结果状语时表示必然的结果，而不定式作结果状语表示一种出乎意料的 结果，常与 nly，never 连用。 He lifted the stne nly t drp it n his wn feet. 他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
（6）方式或伴随状语 动词 -ing 形式作方式或伴随状语时，动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。表示伴随或方式的动词 -ing 形式可与句子一起转换成 and连接的并列成分。 Tm slwly walked away，cmplaining abut the cld weather. Tm slwly walked away，and cmplained abut the cld weather. 汤姆慢慢地走开了，抱怨天气太冷。
（7）连词 + 动词 -ing 形式 动词 -ing 形式作状语时，可以根据意义在其前加上连词，如when，nce，thugh， althugh，unless，as if/ thugh，even if/ thugh等，表示更加明确的含义。有时这类结构 也可视为状语从句的省略。 Thugh having been there twice，he still culdn’t find the rm. 尽管去过那里两次，他仍然找不到那个房间。
（8）独立成分 有少数动词 -ing 形式并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度，称为分词的独立成分。常用的这类独立成分有： generally/ strictly speaking 一般说来 / 严格地说 frankly/ hnestly speaking 坦白地说 / 诚实地说 judging frm/by... 由……判断 talking f... 谈到…… Hnestly speaking，all f his savings are dnated t the hmeless. 说实话，他所有的积蓄都捐给了无家可归的人。
（9）独立主格结构动词 -ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语如果不是句子主语，则需要加自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构，即：名词 / 代词 +ding。 It being Sunday，many peple g t the gymnasium t wrk ut. 今天是周日，很多人都去健身房锻炼。【误区警示】独立主格的特点是意思完整，但没有谓语动词，所以不是句子，不需要连词，而状语从句则须有连词连接主从句。If weather permits，I will make a trip t Inner Mnglia.=Weather permitting，I will make a trip t Inner Mnglia.如果天气允许，我将去内蒙古旅行。
单句语法填空(1) I left fr the land f warmth and vitamin C，　　　　　（think） f beaches and range trees.(2) Yu have t prepare the next questin 　 　　　　（depend） n the presentatin.(3) 　　　　　（walk） in the street，he felt really free and pleased.(4) Unless 　　　　（see）the changes with yur wn eyes，yu will never believe their greatness.(5) 　 　　　　（speak）up his pinin，he set dwn t rganize a grup.
Having spken
(6) I had as much fun sailing the seas as I nw d 　　　　 （wrk）with students.(7) 　 　　（try）many times，he still culdn’t figure ut their link.(8) A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind，__________　　　　 （shw） man’s intelligence and creativity. 　　　　(9) We all grew up 　　　　 （hear） peple tell us t “g ut and get sme fresh air”.________________（cllect ）all the necessary material，she began t write her reprt. All the peple cheered ludly，_________　(say) I was a gifted ftballer.
Having tried
Having cllected
完成句子(12) 　 　　　　　　　　　　　（被告诉很多次了），he finally understd it.(13) 　　　　　　　　　　　（收割庄稼时）in the field，he gt his hand injured.(14) 　　　　　　　　　　（受到责备） fr the mistake，Jim felt a little depressed.句型转换(15) After we have made full preparatins，we are ready fr the exam. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ，we are ready fr the exam.　 　　　　　
Having been tld many times
When harvesting crps
Having been blamed
Having made full preparatins
(16) As he felt tired at the end f the jurney，she sn fell asleep. →　　　　　　 at the end f the jurney，she sn fell asleep.(17) The meeting having been ver，we all left the rm and drve hme. →　　　　　　　　　　，s we all left the rm and drve hme.(18) Once yu lse this chance，yu can’t easily find it back. →　　　　　　　　　　　，yu can’t easily find it back.
Feeling tired
The meeting was ver
Once lsing this chance
教材原句p.52 A chemical burn ccurs when yur skin r eyes cme int cntact with an acid r ther chemicals.当你的皮肤或眼睛接触到酸或其他化学物质时，就会发生化学烧伤。1 cme int cntact with 接触，遇见，联系Avid cming int cntact with livestck and wildlife.要避免接触牲畜和野生动物。He ften cmes int cntact with gvernment fficials in wrk.在工作中他经常与政府官员接触。
【词语积累】be/get/stay/keep in cntact with sb. 与某人保持联系lse cntact with sb. 与某人失去联系make cntact with sb. 与某人取得联系bring sb. int cntact with sth. 使某人接触某物I’m still in cntact with her—we write a cuple f times a year.我和她仍有联系——我们一年写几封信。
单句语法填空(1) We’d better nt cme 　　　　cntact with the patient in case f infectin.(2) Have yu kept 　　cntact with yur classmates besides Tm?(3) It was reading that brught me int cntact 　　　 brilliant ideas.完成句子(4)Then，after the girl had becme famus，he tried t 　　　　　　 　　　（与她取得联系）.(5) Give the names f tw peple　　　　　　　　　　（以联系上的） if any emergency happens.
make cntact with her
wh can be cntacted
教材原句p.52 Chemical burns can even affect yur internal rgans if the chemicals are swallwed. 如果化学品被吞下，化学烧伤甚至会影响你的内部器官。2 swallw v. & n.（1）vt. & vi. 吞下；咽下；淹没搭配：swallw up 吞没；耗尽，用尽（up 可省略）Mst f my salary gets swallwed（up） by the rent and bills.我的工资大多支付房租和各种日常费用了。
（2）n. 吞，咽；燕搭配：tk a swallw f 喝一口……He tk the medicine at ne swallw. 他一口把药吞了下去。One swallw desn’t make a summer.（谚）一燕不成夏。【一言辨异】Sme bks are t be tasted，thers t be swallwed，and sme few t be chewed and digested.（书籍好比食品）有些书可以浅尝辄止，有些书可以囫囵吞枣，少数则须咀嚼消化。
单句语法填空I put s much fd in my muth smetimes that it was hard 　　　　　（swallw）.(2) A quantity f the cuntryside is being swallwed 　　　by the twn.完成句子(3) Regardless f thers’ strange lks，she sat dwn and　　 　　　　　　　　（喝了一口咖啡）.(4)Jane was sn 　　　　　　 （淹没在……） in the crwd.
tk a swallw f cffee
swallwed up
教材原句p.52 Fr example，wrap the burnt area lse with a clean clth if pssible. 例如，如果可能的话，用干净透气的布把烧伤处包裹起来。3 wrap vt. & n.（1）vt. 包，裹；用（手臂等）围住（wrapped，wrapped）搭配 wrap up 包扎，包裹；住嘴；穿暖和的衣服 wrap sth. arund sb. 用某物缠绕 / 围紧某人He spent the evening wrapping up the presents. 他花了一晚上的时间把礼物都包了起来。 She wrapped a blanket arund the baby. 她用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。
（2）n. 披肩，围巾；包装材料；完成拍摄搭配：under wraps 隐藏；保密 Cut! That’s a wrap! 停！就拍摄到这儿！Exact details abut Mss characters in the furth mvie Matrix are still under wraps. 有关莫斯在电影《黑客帝国》第四部中角色的具体细节还未透露。
单句语法填空(1) Its recipe is 　　　　wraps；n ne knws this secret.(2)Ddder（菟丝子） is fed by sucking juices frm the plant which is wrapped 　　　　.(3) He 　　　　　（wrap） the awesme painting with a newspaper and put it under his bed.(4) She std up，　　　　（wrap）her cat arund her angrily.完成句子(5)The date and venue f the game must remain 　　　　　 （保密）.(6)Yu shuld 　　　　　　　 　（把脖子围起）in this cld weather.
under wraps
wrap up yur neck
教材原句p.53 When he gt ut f the bathtub，he slipped and fell n the flr. 当他从浴缸里出来时，他滑倒在地板上。4 slip vi. & n.（1）vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜走（过去式 slipped，过去分词 slipped） slip away 消失；消亡slip int 悄悄溜入；渐渐养成slip ut 溜出；无意说出slip ne’s mind 被遗忘
It was such a gd chance. Hw culd she let it slip away?这是如此好的一个机会，她怎么轻易放过了呢？I’m srry I said that. It just slipped ut.对不起我说了这样的话，这不过是无意中说出口的。（2）n. 滑倒；小错误；纸条 Better slip with ft than tngue. 宁可滑跤，不可失言。 A slip f the tngue at the meeting might lead t a big lss.会议中一个口误可能会造成巨大的损失。I received my pink slip last week and I am nw lking fr a new jb.我上周接到解聘通知书，现在我在找新工作。
单句语法填空(1) Reading a great stry will make yur stress slip 　　　 .(2) It is his wn fault t slip 　　　such a bad habit.(3) The dg saved its wner wh 　　　　（slip） in the snw.翻译句子(4) The gifted by recited the whle pem withut making a single slip.　 ____________________________________　　(5) That cmpletely slipped my mind! __________________　
这个天资聪颖的男孩一字不差地背诵了全诗。
教材原句p.53 Then she realised that she culd nt get up，and that she was having truble breathing. 然后她意识到自己起不来了，呼吸也有问题。5 have truble（in）ding sth. 做某事有困难She felt that she had truble（in） finishing the task by herself.她感觉她独自一人完成这项任务很困难。
【归纳拓展】have truble/difficulty with sth.have difficulty（in）ding sth.have prblems/a prblem with sth.have prblems /a prblem（in）ding sth.have a hard time ding sth.There is difficulty（in）ding sth.with /withut difficulty（毫不）费劲地Yu can’t imagine the difficulty we had walking thrugh the heavy rain. 你无法想象我们在大雨中行走是多么困难。
单句语法填空(1)D yu have any prblems 　　　yur prject?(2) I had difficulty 　　　　　（grasp）the main idea f the passage.(3) Finally，he vercame all the difficulty he had　　　　（send） the letter.完成句子(4) She defended herself 　　　　　　　（有困难）.(5) 　　　　　　　　　 （没有困难）in cvering all the expenses.
with difficulty
There is n difficulty
教材原句p.53 While attempting t talk t the peratr，Mrs Taylr discvered that she culd nt speak. 当泰勒夫人试图和接线员说话时，她发现自己说不出话来。6 peratr n. 操作员；电话接线员；经营者I will start with a numerical cntrl machine peratr. 我会从数控机床操作员做起。【词语积累】（1）perate vi. 运转；动手术；起作用 vt. 操作；经营 perate n sb. 给某人做手术 the perating table/rm 手术台 / 手术室
（2）peratin n. 操作；经营；行动；手术 in peratin 有效　　　peratin system 操作系统 perfrm/give/ carry ut an peratin 进行手术 Bth f her parents are musicians and perate a small club. 她的父母都是音乐家，经营着一家小型的俱乐部。 The decisin t perate n Karl is difficult because f his age. 考虑到他的年龄，决定给卡尔动手术是困难的。【误区警示】perate 当“做手术”讲时是不及物动词，如后跟宾语需加介词n。当“操作，经营”讲时是及物动词，可以直接跟宾语。
【一言助记】Mr Brwn，wh is an peratr，received an peratin yesterday and in the perating rm the dctr perating n him said the peratin was very successful. 布朗先生是一位操作员，昨天他接受了一次手术，在手术室里给他做手术的医生说手术非常成功。
单句语法填空(1) The patient is cming alng well after the　　　　　（perate）.(2) The line was engaged and the　　　　　（perate）asked if I’d like t hang n.(3) They held hands as Mark was wheeled int the _____________　　 　　（perate） rm.(4) The machine pumps bld t the rgans s dctrs can perate 　　　the heart.(5) Make sure f safety while the machine is 　　　peratin.　　　　
完成句子(6)The dctrs will 　　　　　　（做手术）his left leg._____________________________（机器容易操作）. Anybdy can learn t use it in a few minutes. (8) T his parents’ relief，the by_____________________ _________________（手术后恢复得很快）.
This machine is easy t perate
made a quick recvery after the peratin
教材原句 ambulance team quickly fund Mrs Taylr and withut delay gave her xygen... ……救护小组很快找到了泰勒夫人，立即给她输氧……7 delay n. & v.（1）n. 耽搁（的时间）；推迟；延误搭配：withut delay 立即；毫不延迟地 time delay 延时 delay payment 延付；延期付款 All these measures must be carried thrugh withut delay. 所有这些措施必须及时完成，不得延误。 That is the reasn f my delay in answering yur letter. 这就是我迟迟不给你回信的缘故。
（2）vi. & vt. 推迟；延期（做某事）vt. 耽误；耽搁搭配：delay ding sth. 延迟做某事He delayed taking actin，which caused a great lss. 他没有立即采取行动，这造成了很大的损失。
单句语法填空(1) As far as I’m cncerned，any prblem shuld be slved 　　 　delay.(2) Initially，they chse t delay　　　 　（reprt）the news.(3) When the 　　　　　（delay）flight will depart depends n the weather.完成句子(4) They began t trace the suspect　　　　　　　（毫不延迟地）.(5) He 　　　 　　　　　　　　（没有马上把消息告诉她），waiting fr the right mment.
withut delay
delayed telling her the news
教材原句p.53 What can we d t help prevent elderly peple frm taking unnecessary risks? 我们可以做些什么来防止老年人承担不必要的风险呢？8 take risks 冒险There is n need fr yu t take risks. Just wait. 你没有必要去冒险。等着就行。【词语积累】（1）risk n. 危险；风险；引起危险的人或事物 at risk 处于危险中 put sb. at risk 使某人处于危险中 at the risk f ding sth. 冒着做某事的危险 run/take a risk/risks 冒险 run/take the risk f ding sth. 冒着做某事的危险
（2）risk v. 使遭受危险；冒……危险 risk ding... 冒险做……（3）risky adj. 危险的；冒险的【误区警示】 risk 只接 ding 不接 t d 作宾语。
单句语法填空(1)　　 the risk f sunding stupid，can I ask a questin?(2) This can put yu 　　 the risk f damaging yur sense f tuch.(3)Peple dn’t realise hw 　　　（risk）it is t travel t erupting vlcanes.(4) Yung peple may risk 　　 　（g） deaf if they are expsed t very lud music every day.完成句子(5) Our willingness t 　　　　　　 （冒险）increases during teenage years.(6) Children will be 　　　 （处于危险中）if the virus spreads.
take/run risks
重点句式教材原句p.52 Fr example，wrap the burnt area lse with a clean clth if pssible. 例如，如果可能的话，用干净透气的布把烧伤处包裹起来。【句式分析】本句是一个主从复合句，其中主句是祈使句，而 if pssible 是状语从句（if it is pssible）的省略。1 if pssible 如果可能的话if pssible 是 if it is pssible 的省略。在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，有时可省略从句的主语和谓语动词，这类省略结构中有些已形成固定结构。
if s 如果是这样的话 if nt 如果不是这样；不然，否则 if any 如果有的话 if necessary 如果有必要 if ever 如果曾经有的话 if nly 要是……就好了If pssible，get away frm the plluted regin. 如果可能的话，离开污染地区。【词语辨析】if any 指“如果数量有”，而 if ever 指“如果曾经发生过”。She seldm，if ever，ges t the pera. 她很少去看歌剧，如果曾经有的话。
完成句子(1) Behave yurself. 　　 （如果这样），yu’ll get mre friends.(2) I want t avid the rush hur traffic 　　　　　 （如果可能的话）.(3) Take mre exercise. 　　　（不然的话），yu will gain mre weight.(4) The island is seldm，　　　 （如果曾经有的话），visited by ships.(5) The experiment is t find the cnnectin，　　　 （如果有的话），between the tw bjects.句型转换(6)Taste the sup and add salt and pepper if it is necessary. → Taste the sup and add salt and pepper,　　　　　　.
if pssible
if necessary
教材原句p.53 Is there any reasn why we are nt ging t have the first-aid training this week? 们这周不去进行急救训练有什么原因吗？【句式分析】本句的主句是 there be 句型，why 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 reasn，关系词 why 代替先行词在定语从句中作原因状语。2 why 引导的定语从句why 是关系副词，表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是表示理由的名词 reasn。 The use f bags fr life is ne reasn why the use f plastics verall by the supermarket is still rising. 环保购物袋的使用是超市塑料袋使用仍上升的原因之一。
【学法点拨】在定语从句中可以用 fr which 代替 why 引导定语从句。The reasn why/fr which I dn’t like him is that he is t prud.我不喜欢他的原因是他太傲慢了。【误区警示】reasn 作先行词，如果定语从句中缺少状语应该用 why 引导定语从句，如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语须用 that 或 which 引导定语从句。I wn’t listen t the reasn that/which yu have given us.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。
单句语法填空(1) The reasn 　 　his hand was swllen was that he gt burnt.(2) The reasn 　　 　　　he explained at the meeting sunds reasnable.(3) He didn’t tell me the reasn 　　　which he was s upset.(4) The reasn 　　　I called was t ask abut the plans fr Saturday.(5) There are many reasns 　 　　　lead t the severe glbal warming.句型转换(6) He had nt received the invitatin. That’s why he didn’t cme. →　　　　　　　 he didn’t cme is 　 　he had nt received the invitatin.
that/ which
The reasn why that