中考总复习英语（河南）第三部分·题型二·任务型阅读课件

这是一份中考总复习英语（河南）第三部分·题型二·任务型阅读课件，共25页。PPT课件主要包含了目录河南·中考，搜寻关键词，方法一，逻辑关系线索法，方法二，代词线索法，方法三，根据设空位置判断，方法四等内容，欢迎下载使用。
方法一　搜寻关键词方法二　逻辑关系线索法方法三　代词线索法方法四　根据设空位置判断
任务型阅读主要考查考生对文章的结构、内容以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。根据题目特点,考生可以巧用以下答题步骤:1.先读选项,初步排序;2.详读文章,逻辑推理;3.试填答案,先易后难;4.回读文章,再次确认。任务型阅读考查的是语篇的连贯性和一致性,因此要使用各种衔接手段,常见的有:词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。对这些衔接手段进行研究后发现,常用的解题方法主要有以下几种。
关键词是指在文章中经常会出现的线索特征词汇,主要的关键词有名词和动词,它们最主要的线索特征常以词汇复现的形式出现。复现,是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段,即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述,从而使同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词汇复现主要包括同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可以细读五个选项,找出关键词,再去原文中查读相对应的关键词,关键词在文中通常出现在空格处的上句或下句,由此可初步确定答案。
文章语句间的衔接,除了从语句间的意义关系分析外,还可借助语句间的逻辑关系来把握。能表明句与句之间、层与层之间关系的连接性词语有以下几种: 因果关系:because,because f,fr,since,as,thanks t,s, fr this reasn,as a result等。 条件关系:as/s lng as, if, unless等。 并列关系:and, r, as well as,等。
顺序关系:first, secnd, third...; firstly, secndly, thirdly...;first, next, then...等。 转折让步关系:thugh,althugh,even if,hwever, while, still, even thugh, yet等。 层递关系:als, even, besides, in additin, what's mre等。 解释例证关系:such as,fr example, in ther wrds,that is t say,it means that...等。 考生在解题过程中抓住这些逻辑关系线索词,就能掌握解题的关键线索,从而顺利选出答案。
代词可以指代前面提及的名词或起名词作用的词、短语、句子,在英语表达中出现的频率极高。巧妙利用代词的指代关系和代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
1.设空在段首,选项可能会有如下特点: (1)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找同义词 或其他相关的词,推断出主题句。 (2)与后文是并列、转折、因果等关系。着重阅读后文第一句,锁定线索词,然 后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常设空处所填句子与空后的第一句在意思 上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句之间会有某种衔接关系。比如,选项中出现地 点或年代时,往往要注意与原文中地点或年代的前后对应关系。 (3)是段落间的过渡句。这时要瞻前顾后,即阅读上一段结尾部分,并结合下一 段内容,看所选答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。
2.设空在段尾,选项可能会有如下特点: (1)通常是总结、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总 结等的信号词,如s, as a result, in shrt, in a wrd等,选项中也可能会出 现前文的同义词句。 (2)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对 比的连接词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成 对立、对比关系。
(3)与前文是并列或递进关系。在这种情况下,通常是该段落要求补全说明 本段主题的其他细节,因此,根据段落一致性原则,应在原文和选项中找 到相关的特征词。通常在选项中会出现表示并列、递进关系的连接词 或与前文类似的句式结构,或出现同义词等其他线索。(4)所选答案引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联, 此时可考虑设空处与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段 开头几句,看是否能在选项中找到相关信息。
3.设空在段中,可采取以下方法: 重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句,找出它们的逻辑关系或者根据意义的连贯性,得出答案;如果没有把握,再分析该段的主题。因为段落主题确定后,所有的句子和词都是围绕该主题进行阐述的。
【典例1】　[2020河南阅读D篇] My mther is cl — much cler than mst peple.I give her full credit fr making me the persn wh I am tday.T thank her, I'd like t share sme f the things she taught me. 1.　36　  N matter hw hard things gt, my mm culd always jke abut them.It has taught me things are never, ever, end-f-the-wrld kind f bad.I'm sure this has made me a mre relaxed persn. 2.　37　  My mther made her wn clthes she felt like wearing. Sn enugh, peple asked her t make clthes, and it turned int a full-time business.That shws me hw yu can set up yur wn business by expressing yurself truthfully.
3.　38　  As a creative, my mther always encuraged us t d imaginative things fr enjyment and discuraged TV.We dressed up in cstumes, drew pictures, and sang at the tp f ur lungs.Tday, I am a very fun persn t be with. 4.　39　  My mm has always pushed me twards becming independent. Nt fr her gd, but fr mine.I made my wn decisins withut her trying t manage me. Because f this, I grw up t be cmpletely independent.
5.　40　  Grwing up, I've made my fair share f mistakes.Instead f saying "I tld yu s",my mm always let me wrk things ut myself. She was als there t help me pick up the pieces, if I ever needed help. Fr all that yu've dne and everything that yu are — thank yu, Mm!
根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项,使文章意思通顺、内容完整。A. Imaginatin has n end.B. Independence is imprtant.C. Self-expressin leads t self-achievement.D. Mistakes are OK as lng as yu learn frm them.E. Being hpeful is the key t turning things arund.
【思路指导】　作者介绍了自己从妈妈身上学到的五样东西,并表达了对妈妈的感激之情。 36.E　根据段中的"my mm culd always jke abut them"及"I'm sure this has made me a mre relaxed persn"可知,作者明白要用积极乐观的 态度去对待不好的事情,故E项"心怀希望是使事态好转的关键"符合 题意。
37.C 根据段中的"That shws me hw yu can set up yur wn business by expressing yurself truthfully"可知C项中的"Self-expressin"和句中的 "expressing yurself"为同义表达,故C项"展现自我能成就自我"符合 题意。38.A　根据段首的"As a creative, my mther always encuraged us t d imaginative things fr enjyment and discuraged TV"可知A项中的 "Imaginatin"是句中"imaginative"的派生词,故A项"想象力是无穷无 尽的"符合题意。
39.B　根据段中的"Because f this, I grw up t be cmpletely independent" 可知B项中的"Independence"是句中"independent"的派生词,故B项 "独立很重要"符合题意。40.D　根据段首的"Grwing up, I've made my fair share f mistakes",再结合 备选项中的D项"Mistakes are OK as lng as yu learn frm them"可知, 本段描述与犯错相关,故D项"只要你从错误中学习,犯错也没什么大 不了"符合题意。
【典例2】　[2019河南阅读D篇] A prverb is a shrt, well-knwn saying that expresses a cmmn truth r belief. Prverbs are fund in mst cultures and are ften very ld. In American histry, Benjamin Franklin was a scientist, inventr and writer as well as a leader f the American Revlutin. 61.　　　  Franklin wrte a bk called "Pr Richard's Almanack". 62.　　　 Sme f them are still used tday, like this ne: "Early t bed and early t rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise." 
Franklin is als remembered fr ther prverbs like, "A penny saved is a penny earned." 63.　　　  Here are ther examples f prverbs that Americans use. The first nes are abut lve. Sme peple say, "All is fair in lve and war." They mean that anything yu d in a relatinship r in battle is acceptable. 64.　　　　 In ther wrds, when yu are in lve with smene, yu may refuse t see anything bad abut that persn. 
Here is anther ppular saying abut lve: "The way t a man's heart is thrugh his stmach." Sme peple believe that a wman can win a man's lve if she prepares his favrite fds."65.　　　　" This prverb is true in lve and war r ther situatins. It means that what yu d is mre imprtant than what yu say. We have t stp here, s we must say, "All gd things must cme t an end."
根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项,使文章意思通顺、内容完整。A. Actins speak luder than wrds.B. Anther prverb says "Lve is blind."C. He was als famus fr his prverbs.D. This means that mney shuld nt be wasted.E. He included many prverbs that he had heard r created.
【思路指导】　 本文介绍了一些格言。61.C　设空前提到本杰明·富兰克林的多重身份,下文提到富兰克林所著的 关于格言的书,由此可知,所缺的句子是C项"他也因他的格言而闻名", 起承上启下的作用。62.E　设空前提到"富兰克林写了一本名叫《穷理查年鉴》的书",设空后提 到"它们中的一些现在仍在被使用",根据设空前后的内容可知,所缺的 句子是E项"他将许多他听过的或者他创作的格言列入书中"。