2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习专题 词汇考点汇总

这是一份2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习专题 词汇考点汇总，共10页。
词汇考点汇总 词汇主要考查英语的基础词汇及其变化形式。分为：名词 ,形容词 ,副词 ,动词 ,数词 ,介词 ,代词。[考点1]名词词汇涉及到名词的考点主要是：(1) 名词拼写(2) 名词所有格(3) 名词单复数形式(4) 常考名词后缀 1. 中考常考名词拼写注意如下几个单词：passenger 乘客  customer  顾客    pronunciation 发音         dialogue 对话product   产品  advice 建议（不可数）   suggestion   建议（可数） possibility 可能性pilot   行员    service  服务   2. 注意名词所有格（1） 名词所有格的构成法A. 单数名词词尾加’ s ,复数名词词尾若没有s ,也要加’ s。the worker’s bike     the Children’s ballB. 表示几个人共有一样东西 ,只需在最后一个人名字后加’ s若表示各自所有 ,则需在各个名字后’ sThis is Lucy and Licy’s room.These are Kate's and Jack’s rooms.C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词 ,只加’。the students’ books    the girls’ blouses(2) 名词+of+名词名词是有生命的 ,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的 ,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系.如:the legs of the desk     the door of the room(3) 双重所有格我爸爸的一个朋友 a friend of my father’s              注意：我爸爸的一张照片  a photo of my father(4) 一般’s或者’加在人和时间的后面 ,需要注意时间名词的所有格短语：今年的贺卡   this year’s card           两个月的假期   two months’ holiday=a two-month holiday其他一些特殊的所有格形式：each other’s books        someone else’s coat [例题精讲]1. Do you know the correct ____________(发音) of this foreign name?2. The ____________(possible) that may lead to success have been realized among us.3. 3. Hearing the ____________(乘客) excited laughter, we knew that they had a wonderful trip.4. The computer is one of the greatest ____________(发明) in the world. 5. 5. After several ____________(过失), he finally realized his dream. 6. Whenever we go travelling, our own ____________(safe) must come first. [答案]pronunciation; possibilities; passengers’;inventions; misses; safety [巩固练习]1. As an old saying goes, “____________(骄傲) goes before a fall.” Therefore, it is necessary to be modest about our achievements.2. The ____________(引进) of the foreign culture opens up a whole new world for us.3. That report was based on ____________(回复) to surveys received from more than 100 Governments.4. They have done a lot of ____________(研究) about this kind of animal.5. Some exciting ____________(think) came into my mind as I walked across the park just now.6. I hear that you bought a lot of gifts for your girlfriend. Do you have any ____________(目的)? 7. How excellent your ____________(pronounce) is! You must have a good teacher. 8. Sadly, the ship turned over and all the ____________(乘客) except 5 lost their lives.9. Can you tell me what the seven greatest ____________(奇迹) in the world are?10. Students should be given changes to experience real-life jobs and get an idea of the ____________(possible) for their futures.[答案]pride; introduction; replies; research; thoughts; purpose; pronunciation; passengers; wonders; possibilities [考点2]数词中考词汇题数词主要考查基数词和序数词的拼写 ,要注意区分是使用序数词还是基数词。数词在词汇题考查的重点有：(1) 基数词序数词用法辨析：看后面所修饰的名词的单复数形式和含义 ;如果后面的名词是单数形式 ,用序数词 ;如果后面的名词是复数形式 ,用基数词。(2) 分数表达法：表示分数时 ,分子用基数 ,分母用序数 ,分子大于1 ,分母用复数 ;(3) 在某人几十多岁的时候：in one’s+基数词的整十的复数形式(4) 次数(5) 常考数词的拼写：四-four                     十四-fourteen                          四十-forty第四-fourth                  第十四-fourteenth                      第四十-fortieth九-nine                     十九-nineteen                          九十-ninety第九-ninth                  第十九-nineteenth                      第九十-ninetieth十二-twelve                第十二-twelfth                          第二十-twentieth [例题精讲]1. Three __________(five) of the distance has been covered but it was still hard for us to reach the end.2. Of all the __________(十四) books on the desk, the one written by Yu Qiuyu is my favorite.3. Next Sunday is Father’s Day and it is also my father’s ___________(四十) birthday.4. One __________(twelve) of the students have arrived at school except John.5. In the past ____________(20) centuries, the world has changed a lot. 6. Lu Xun is considered as one of the best writers of the ______________(二十) century. 7. My grandma seems to be in her late ____________(九十) this year.[答案]fifths; fourteen; fortieth; twelfth; twenty; twentieth; nineties [巩固练习]1.He has donated five ____________(十二) of his money to children in poor areas.2.My father is in his late ____________(四十), but he is crazy about watching "Running Man" like teenagers.3.It is reported that our school is_____________(二) as large as theirs.4. In his ____________(forty), the middle-aged man finished half of the book.5.Two ____________(nine) of the space has been full of smoke. We must take action now.6.How many flags of the _____________(11) national flags on the wall can you recognize?[答案]twelfths; forties; twice; forties; ninths; eleven [考点3]形容词副词词汇题涉及到形容词副词的考点主要是：1. 单词拼写（平时注意课本上重点形容词及副词的拼写）2. 形容词与副词的转换3. 形容词副词比较级最高级的变化形式4. 前缀和后缀的使用 1）形容词可以通过变换规则转换成副词。（1） 大部分形容词加ly　　　careless----carelessly; quiet----quietly; different----differently（2） 以le结尾的形容词变le为lypossible----possibly; terrible----terribly; comfortable----comfortably; gentle----gently; simple----simply注意：初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词true----truly。（3）以y结尾的形容词变y为ilyeasy----easily; angry----angrily; noisy----noisily; happy----happily; heavy----heavily; healthy----healthily（4）不规则变化1) 本身既是形容词也是副词 ,无需改变 ; fast----fast; early----early; high----high; hard----hard; late----late; far----far; wide----wide; alone----alone2) 形容词和副词为完全不同的单词 　good----well3) 虽然以ly结尾 ,但却是形容词 ,不能直接用来修饰动词;friendly; lively; lovely; lonely; likely很有可能的4）much/even/far/still可以修饰比较级的程度 ,如：He is much taller than me. ;修饰原级的词：very, too, quite, so… [例题精讲]1. You can take a ___________(close) look at the excellent drawings if you walk nearer.2. Look at the two boys. They look ____________(完全地) the same.3. The child was ______________(success) saved out of the burning building at last.4. The more you exercise, the ___________(health) you will become.5. He has made the _____________(satisfy) progress since he gave up playing computer games.6. --How do you like the stewed Pork Ball in Brown (红烧狮子头)?--Not at all, the smell makes it ___________ to eat. (please)[答案]closer; completely; successfully; healthier; satisfying; unpleasant [巩固练习]1. — You played the computer games all day long yesterday? — No. You are ____________(简直) wrong. I was studying how to make up a program.2   2.Jan looked ____________(hope) at her husband for a ticket to get closer to her favourite player.3.It is said that people in that town are much ____________(富裕) now because of the developed industry.4.Luckily, some of the victims weren’t ____________(严重) hurt in the traffic accident.5. The Bruce family had to give up camping in the mountain because the weather report said it would be much ____________(雾) tomorrow.6. Living in the wet hole ____________(comfort) and having no food make him seriously ill7. He is still ___________(sure) if his parents will come to the Open Day next weekend.[答案]simply; hopefully; wealthier; badly; foggier; comfortably; unsure the+adj.最高级+n. ,a+adj.比较级+n.：泛指 ,一个更...的（和已提及的事物相比较） [考点4]介词词汇题涉及到介词的考点 ,主要是一些常考易混介词的拼写。1.across    从表面穿过 ,过河 ,过桥 ,过马路。         through从内部穿过 ,过隧道 past      从旁经过 ,路过                            over从垂直正上方越过 beside    在......旁边2.above  斜上方 ;楼上 ;温度超过零度                 below 斜下方：楼下 ;温度低于零度3.under 垂直正下方 ;年龄低于                        over 年龄高于4.beyond 超出 ; 无法                                off 休息5.through 通过.....手段、方法 ;以 ,凭借（后加抽象名词） ;接通电话 ;从头到尾     6.by 通过.....方法（后加动词ing）7.with 用（后加具体的工具）8.except  除了.....之外 9.on 开始 ;开着 ;开始    off 关着10.against  反对 ;违反 ;对抗 ;依着 ;靠着 ;映衬11..固定句型：with one’s help 在某人的帮助下    have......off  休息             put through   接通电话  12.特殊介词：including 包括 ;包含 [例题精讲]1.I will put the listeners of the program ____________(接通) at once if they call in. 2.Zhang Changning once scored the most points in a game _____________(对抗) Thailand women volleyball team.3.The man standing ______________(靠) the wall is my physics teacher.4.My grandma is old and forgetful. She always leaves the stove ________(开) when she goes out.[答案]through; against; against; on [巩固练习]1.--- How did the Chinese boxer beat the Japanese one in just 23 seconds?--- ____________(凭借) excellent skills. 2.The secretary tells us that we need to hold on until we are put ____________(通).3.____________(通过) his hard work, the teenager successfully became a member of the school basketball team.4.Spring is coming. I think the temperature will be ____________(超过）18°C these days.[答案]Through; through; Through; above 常考介词有through、across、against（反对）、for（支持）、except（除了）等。 [考点5]代词词汇题涉及代词的考点：1. 人称代词宾格2. 反身代词3. 名词性物主代词 1）人称代词宾格  第一人称：me/us   第二人称：you/you  第三人称：him/her/it/them 2）反身代词：myself--ourselves    yourself--yourselves     himself/herself/itself--themselves反身代词固定结构:teach oneself 自学        say to oneself自言自说        improve oneself提高自己learn. .... by oneself自学   enjoy oneself过得愉快         help oneself to. ..随便吃些….吧 3）名词性物主代词：名词性的物主代词具有名词词性 ,后面不能修饰名词。区别方法：分辨形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词时只需要判断后面有没有名词 ,如果有 ,则用形容词性物主代词 ,如果没有 ,则用名词性物主代词。4）either 两者中的任何一个     neither 两者都不       none 三者或者三者以上都不whatever 任何事物 [例题精讲]10. The couple looked quite calm. That is to say, the news did not surprise ___________(任何) of them.11. Simon and Linda looked at each other. They kept the secrets to ____________(they). 12. ---Mike, could I use your e-dictionary? I've lost ____________(I) in the park we visited yesterday.---Sorry, I've lent it to Millie.13. Don’t come close to the machine. It may hurt __________(you). 14. ―Daniel, come and join your brother in cleaning the yard.   ―Why ____________(my)? Sam is sitting there doing nothing at all.[答案]either; themselves; mine; you ;me [巩固练习]  1. _____________(任何 ;一切事物) happens, I'll support you.2. Harry doesn’t take medicine when he catches a cold. He always believes that body is able fight it by ____________(自己).3. Helen entered the library ,found ____________(she) a seat by the window and started her work.4. Look! Some climbers are trying hard to pull ____________(they) up the rocks.5. She couldn’t make ____________( she ) understand the question the teacher asked her.6. The couple often encourage ____________(they) to enjoy the ups and downs in their life.[答案]Whatever; itself; herself ; themselves; herself; themselves 以考察不定代词（something、everything、anything、nothing）和反身代词（oneself）为主。 [考点6]动词词汇题中动词考点主要是：1. 动词转化为名词 ;动词转化为形容词2. 非谓语动词 ;介词后要用动词ing形式3. 动词时态的变化 1. 时态：1）一般现在时：客观真理 ,主将从现 ,物体或个人特性2）现在进行时：标志词：at the moment; at present; these days      语境3) 一般过去时：标志词：the other day; finally ……4) 过去进行时：标志词：all the time/the whole +过去时间点               语境：你为什么没有做……？  那个时候我正在……                     ……做完……了吗？我不知道/不确定。昨天他还在……。5) 一般将来时：标志词：in+时间段; how soon ; 语境6) 现在完成时：标志词：so far; in the past XX years; since; recently               语境：另一句话是现在时 ,填的一句话是发生过的事情 ,表示对现在产生影响。               have been to表示去过某地 ,人在说话地 ;have gone to表示去了某地 ,人在目的地。               当句中有how long, for, since时 ,要与持续性动词共用。 2. 语态：1) be seen/made/had/heard to do;   be seen/heard doing2) 不及物动词短语介词注意：be listened to      be operated on3) require doing/need doing/be worth doing用doing表示被动4) 表示特性不用被动：sell well       write well        5) 系动词, last, break out, happen, take place没有被动 3. 非谓语动词：作主语：doing：Flying kites is fun.           to do：It is fun to fly kites.做宾语：doing：practice    finish     suggest     imagine   risk    等等           to do: plan    decide     manage 等等         注意：stop     go on      remember     forget即可加to do ,也可加doing ,意思不同。做表语：to do/doing: My job/purpose/duty is to do/doing做宾补：to do：advise     warn      encourage     get等等           doing：prevent    keep     stop等等           done: make     have     get等等           do: make     have      let等等注意：see   hear    notice     watch     feel 既能带do又能带doing。do表示经常或者全过程 ,doing表示正在。做定语：to do修饰名词 ,名词是to do逻辑上的宾语：a house to live in（注意介词）           doing 表状态：a man running                 表进行：developing countries                 表功能：swimming pools      dancing shoes           done表被动：a book written by Lu Xun                表完成：a developed country做状语：to do表目的        done表被动：Compared with A, B is ....        doing表状态 ,原因或结果等。Finding his wallet, he felt very happy.句型：spend...doing        devote...to doing       prefer doing to doing      be used to doing        prefer to do to do(第二个to do表目的)       have difficulty doing      pay attention to doing [例题精讲]1.The general manager always thinks twice before ___________(回复) to the customers.2. — This test is too difficult for most of the students.— You are right. As you ____________(预料), one third of them failed. 3.In the north-west of the town ____________(位于) the two famous schools in the past. 4.The boy has done so many good deeds and course is well worth ____________(表扬). 5.In the end, the little boy ____________(succeed) in climbing to the top of the mountain. 6.I’ve never ____________(后悔) the decision to work in West China.[答案]replying; excepted; lay; praising; succeeded; regretted [巩固练习]  1.Don't worry. This doctor has __________(从事) medicine for over 20 years. I am sure he will cure your baby.2. I __________(lay) down the magazine aside, turned off the light and went to sleep.3. It ____________(要紧) a lot to me that we work as a team.4. My mother is so kind and generous that she is used to ____________(提供) her help to people in need.5.You’d better think twice to avoid ____________(后悔) your decision later. [答案]practiced; laid; matters; offering; regretting  考察的重点为宾语从句的主句为一般过去时时从句主从句时态的一致性（相应的过去时有：一般过去、过去将来、过去进行、过去完成） ,同时要结合语境使用相应的时态。 [练一练]单词拼写1.Don’t touch the ____________(break) glass. It may hurt your hand.[答案]broken2.More action must be taken to stop ____________(pollute).[答案]pollution3.We hope that more ____________(China) will win honour for our country.[答案]Chinese4. ____________(luck), he got better before the important competition.[答案]Luckily5.Every year,  ____________(百万)of people donate money to the Hope Project.[答案]millions6.I will be happy if Sandy  ____________(接受)my offer.[答案]accepts7.I’ve never  ____________(后悔)the decision to work in West China.[答案]regretted 8.He has a special  ____________(能力)to write with two hands at the same time.[答案]ability9. Qi Baishi was one of he most famous ___________(art) in China.[答案]artists10.The ORBIS doctor advised the girl to have the operation to prevent her eye problem getting mush ___________ (bad).[答案]worse11.To complete the work, he drank some coffee to keep himself ____________(wake).[答案]awake12.To protect the earth, we mustn’t throw away the waste _____________(care).[答案]carelessly13. We must be __________(勇敢的) enough to face difficulties in our life.[答案]brave14.Some wild animals are in ______________(危险) as the earth is getting warmer and warmer.[答案]danger15.Mary goes to work every day _____________(除……之外) Sundays.[答案]except16.The general manager always thinks twice before ______________(回复) to the customers.[答案]replying