第六章副词（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

这是一份第六章副词（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳，共12页。学案主要包含了副词的定义，副词的形式，副词的分类，副词的句法功能，副词的位置，常用副词的用法比较等内容，欢迎下载使用。

知识梳理
一、副词的定义
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词,主要用作状语,表示时间、地点、程度,方式等概念.
二、副词的形式
(一)简单副词
这类副词本身就是副词,没有特殊的词尾.nw, hw, there, quite, very, always, t, back, again等.
(二)由形容词＋词尾-ly变来的副词
这些多数是方式副词.如bravely, quickly, quietly, greatly, carefully, gladly, slwly, deeply, clearly, firmly, simply等.
(三)与形容词同形的副词
如 early, enugh, far, fast, lng, lw, little, high, late, lively等.注意以下副词的不同意义:
三、副词的分类
(一)时间副词
表示动作发生的时间.常见的有nw ,then, sn, afterwards, befre, lately, presently, early, late, later, immediately, sn, already, recently, still, tday, tnight, tmrrw, yesterday, ag, yet等.
(二)地点副词
表示动作发生的地点.常见的有here, there, hme, upstairs, dwnstairs, anywhere, everywhere, smewhere, nwhere, abrad, away, back, belw, dwn, up, n, under, ver, ut, utside, backwards等.
(三)方式副词
表示动作发生的方式,这类副词数量最多,大多数以形容词加-ly构成.常见的有anxiusly, awkwardly, angrily, absurdly, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, carelessly, patiently, plitely, prudly, prperly, quickly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, willingly, warmly等.
(四)程度副词
有时又叫强调副词,有的从程度上强调,用来回答hw much这类问题,可用来修饰形容词、副词,有的还可用来修饰动词、介词短语、名词、代词和从句等.常见的有a bit, very, quite, rather, much, t, pretty, s, awfully, almst, entirely, nearly, never, partially, whlly, especially, even, exactly, just, nly, simply等.这类副词一般位于它所修饰的词的前面.
(五)频度副词
描绘一定时间内动作发生的频率的副词.常见的有always, ever, frequently, never, ften, rarely, seldm, smetimes, usually, unusually等.
(六)疑问副词(一般用于特殊问句句首)
主要用来构成特殊疑问句.常见的有hw, when, where, why, what等.
(七)句子副词
这类副词往往和整个句子具有松散的语法关系,而并非修饰某个动词,actually, by all(n)means, decidedly, evidently, generally, frankly, indeed, in my pinin, unexpectedly, n , nw, bviusly, yes ,undubtedly, luckily, seriusly等.
(八)连接副词
用来连接句子、分句或从句,表示各种关系.
1.表示结果
therefre因此, accrdingly从而
2.表示添补
besides此外, mrever再者
3.表示对比
hwever不管怎样, nevertheless然而
4.表示条件
therwise否则
5.表示时间
then然后, lastly最后
(九)解释副词
常用来举例或列举,e.g.(=fr example) 例如,fr example 例如,i.e.(=that is)那就是.
(十)关系副词
常用来引导定语从句的有when, where, why等.
各类副词举例如下:
The bus arrived early.这趟车到得早.
If yu dn't try, yu will never succeed.你如果不尝试,就决不会成功.
When and Where did yu see him?你何时何地见到他的?
I ften write t her mther.我经常给她妈妈写信.
Hw well he lks!他看起来多么健康啊！
四、副词的句法功能
副词在句中主要用作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句等;有时也用作表语、定语.
(一)作状语
This is a fairly useful tl.这是一件相当有用的工具.
She usually wears belt-bag that rund her middle when she ges ut.她外出时,经常在腰间系上腰包.
(二)作表语
The train is ff.火车开了.
I must be ff.我该走了.
Schl is ver.放学了.
(三)作定语
Life here is full f jy.这儿的生活充满了欢乐.
Everyne there can speak English.那里的每个人都可以讲英语.
(四)用作宾语补足语或主语补足语
I saw him ut with a girl.我看见他和一个女孩出去了.
He was called in.他被叫了进来.
五、副词的位置
(一)频度副词
频度副词的位置一般是置于be动词或助动词之后,若是其他动词则可置于之前.
They smetimes stay up all night.他们有时整夜不睡觉.
He can never understand.他永远也不会懂.
有些频度副词,如:smetimes, yet, sn, nce, ften等也可放在动词后面(句尾);有些频度副词如:smetimes, usually, always, ften, sn等需要强调时,也可放在句首.
They'll be back sn.他们很快就回来.
Usually I'm very careful.通常我是非常小心的.
(二)程度副词
一般放在所修饰的形容词、副词的前面,修饰动词时则取决于句中的位置.
She is a very gd student.她是个非常好的学生.
The stry is quite instructive.这故事很有教育意义.
特别强调时,也可将程度副词放在句尾.例如:
I've frgtten it cmpletely.我把这事全给忘了.
enugh用作副词,一般放在所修饰的词后面.
He didn't run quickly enugh.他跑得不够快.
The huse isn't big enugh fr us.这房子对我们来说不够大.
(三)地点副词
通常放在句尾,也可放在句首,一般不用于句中.
We heard her singing an English sng utside.我们听见她正在外面唱一首英文歌.
Here yu can find whatever kinds f bks yu want.在这里你可以找到各种你想要的书.
(四)时间副词
表示确定时间的时间副词一般放在句尾,有时放在句首.
Tmrrw they are leaving fr Beijing.明天他们要去北京.
Yesterday she was late fr class.昨天她上学迟到了.
(五)方式副词
方式副词在句中的位置比较灵活.
She drives t fast.她开车开得太快.
He hurriedly finished his supper and went ut.他匆忙地吃完晚饭就出去了.点拨
及物动词和副词如:dwn, ff, in, ut, up等组成的动词词组,其宾语如果是名词,该名词一般放在副词之后,但也可放在副词之前:若是代词,该代词要放在副词之前.
Take ff yur cat.(或:Take yur cat ff./Take them f)脱掉你的外套.
Turn ff the radi.(或:Turn the radi ff./Turn it ff.)关上收音机.
(六)疑问副词、连接副词
通常放在句子(或从句)的开头.
Where are they ging?他们去哪儿?
What are yu ging t d when yu grw up?长大后,你打算干什么?
Hw shall we d it?我们该怎么做呢?
(七)副词的排列顺序
若句子存在几个副词时,一般按方式副词－地点副词－时间副词的顺序排列.
六、副词比较级和最高级的构成及其用法
同形容词一样,副词也有三个比较等级:原级、比较级和最高级.
(一)副词比较级、最高级的构成
1.规则变化
2.不规则副词
(二)副词比较级、最高级的用法
1.原级常用于as+副词原级＋as和nt s/as+副词原级＋as结构常用于肯定句,表示“······和······一样”;nt 用于否定句,表示“不如”.
We must arrange everything as well as we can.我们要把一切尽可能安排好.
Yu didn't knw s(as) much abut that as I d.关于那件事,你了解得没有我这么多.
2.比较级常用于“比较级＋than”结构,有时than引导的比较状语从句可以省略,当than前后所使用的动词相同时,通常用助动词来代替原有的动词,而且该助动词也可以省略
比较级前可用much, far, a bit, a little, a great(deal),a lt, cmpletely, even, still, yet等表示程度的状语.
She answered the questin mre clearly than her classmates did.她回答问题比她的同学回答得清楚.
It rains mre ften in the suth than in the nrth.南方比北方雨多.
Li Ping jumped farther than Jim (did).李平跳得比吉姆远.
3.副词的最高级表示三者或三者以上(人或物)的比较,其中有一个在某方面超过其他几个时,要用最高级
副词的最高级前面可以加定冠词the,也可以不加.句中一般可带in和f引导短语来说明比较的范围.如:
The lngest I can stay is three hurs.我最多只能呆三小时.
Tm came t schl(the)latest in his class.汤姆是班上到校最晚的.
4.可用“the+比较级·····,the+比较级······”结构,表示“越······就越······”的意思
The higher yu climb, the farther yu will see.你爬得越高,就看得越远.
The harder she studied, the mre prgress she made.她学习越努力,进步越大.
5.可用“比较级＋and+比较级”结构(两个同义副词比较级,后面不接than从句)表示“越来越·····”的意思
Jim runs faster and faster.吉姆跑得越来越快.
The students study harder and harder.学生们学习越来越努力.
七、常用副词的用法比较
(一)already, yet, still
already用于肯定句,表示“已经”.yet用于否定句作“还”解,用于疑问句作“已经”解.still主要用于肯定句,放在be动词或情态动词后实义动词前,表示动作或状态的持续,作“仍然”解.
He had already left when I called.我打电话时,他已经走了.
It's already ten 'clck. Wh is still washing there?已经10点钟了,谁还在那儿洗衣服?
Have yu fund yur ruler yet?你找到你的尺子了吗?
点拨
(1)already在疑问句中有表示惊奇等感情的功能,但它通常被用来表示因事情进展迅速而吃惊,而still则表示因事情进展缓慢而吃惊.如:
Have yu dne it already?你已经做完了?
Are yu still reading the bk?你还在读那本书吗?
(2)yet和still可用于比较级前,表示程度
Tm sings well but Jim sings still better.汤姆唱得好,但吉姆唱得更好.
The manager has yet mre imprtant things t d.经理还有更重要的事要做.
(二)s, neither, nr
三个词都能表示后者和前者情况相似.s用于肯定句,用句型:s+助动词(系动词或情态动词)＋主语.neither和nr用于否定句,用句型:neither(nr)+助动词(系动词或情态动词)＋主语.
She likes dancing. S des he.她喜欢跳舞,他也一样.
Jack didn't like the play. Nr did we.杰克不喜欢这出戏,我们也不喜欢.
(三)t, als, either
这三个词作副词用时都含有“也”的意思,但用法是不同的.
1.t和als不能用于否定句,只能用于肯定句中.t用于句末,als用于句子中间
I enjy swimming and like ftball, t.我喜欢游泳,也喜欢踢足球.
I'm tired, and hungry, t.我累了,(肚子)也饿了.
2.either只能用于否定句中,放在句末.t或either前面可以用逗号,也可以不用
Kate didn't g t the cinema and Lucy didn't g, either.凯特没去看电影,露西也没去看电影.
It's nt easy, but it's nt difficult, either.它不容易,但也不难.
(四),
1.enugh t d sth.足以能够做某事
The windw is lw enugh fr him t tuch.窗很低,他碰得到.
Yu are ld enugh t d the wrk alne.你已经大了,可以独立做这项工作了.
He is tall enugh t reach the apple.他的个子高,能够着那个苹果.
(d)太······以致不能
The milk is t ht t drink.牛奶太烫了,不能喝.
She's t yung t get married.她太小不能结婚.
They spke English t quickly fr us t understand.他们讲英语太快,我们听不明白.
(五)nw, just, just nw
1.nw与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用时,意为“现在”
Where des he live nw?他现在住在哪里?
They are nw ding sme washing.她们正在洗衣服.
2.just常与现在完成时、过去完成时连用,表示“刚······”
We have just seen the film.我们刚看过那部电影.
He said he had just bught a dictinary.他说他刚买了一本字典.
3.just nw和过去时连用,表示“刚才”(＝a mment ag)
He was here just nw.他刚才在这.
4.和一般现在时或现在进行时连用时,just nw与“just at the mment”同义,有加强nw(此时)的语气的作用
We are very busy just nw.我们此时很忙.
She is ding her hmewrk just nw.她此时正在做作业.
(六)ag, befre
ag表示以现在为起点的“以前”,它必须和一些表示时间概念的词组搭配使用,常在一般过去时态的句子中修饰动词.befre是指以过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和现在完成时、过去完成时和一般过去时连用.
I saw him ten minutes ag.10分钟前我见过他.
He tld me that he had seen the film (tw days)befre.他告诉我他(两天)以前看过这部电影.
I never saw him befre(=I have never seen him befre.)我以前从来没见过他.
(七)althugh, thugh
一般情况下,althugh和thugh可互换使用,但在语言具体使用过程中,要特别注意以下几点:
1.althugh有增强语气的作用,比thugh的语气稍重,常用于各种正式文体;而非正式的口语或书面语中,thugh用得较为普遍
2.thugh常与even连用,表示强调.但不能说even althugh
(八)nearly, almst
都可译为“差不多,几乎”,常可通用.其区别:
1.nearly可以用在nt后,意思是“远远不(够)”,而almst不能
I'm nt nearly ready.我完全没有准备好.
I have £ 20,but that isn't nearly enugh fr the travel.我有20英镑,但那远远不够旅行的费用.
2.almst可以用在any, n, nbdy, nthing, nne, never前,而nearly不能
Almst n ne believes her.几乎没人相信她.
I almst never saw him.我几乎没见过他.
3.thugh引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意:倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词),但althugh一般不这样用.
Yung thugh she is, she has travelled t many cuntries.她尽管年轻,但已到过很多国家.
Hard thugh they tried, they culdn't make her change her mind.
尽管他们做了很大努力,却没法让她改变主意.
(九)smetimes, smetime, sme time
1.smetimes的意思是“有时,往往,不时地”
Smetimes we are busy and smetimes we are nt.有时我们忙,有时我们不忙.
I smetimes have letters frm him.我不时地收到他的信.
2.smetime的意思是“某个时候”,可指将来,也可指过去
We'll take ur hliday smetime in May.我们将在五月份的某个时候休假.
Let's have dinner tgether smetime next week.下星期找个时间咱们一起吃顿饭.
3.sme time的意思是“一段时间”,可以是几分钟、几小时、几天甚至几年
The fire went n fr sme time befre it was brught under cntrl.火灾持续了一段时间以后才得到了控制.
He stayed in Beijing fr sme time and then began t mve n.他在北京住了些日子又继续搬迁.
(十)finally, at last, in the end
都有“最后”“最终”之意,常可互换,但用法不完全一样.finally通常在讲最后一个内容时用.
Finally I'd like t thank all f yu fr cming t the party.最后我想向所有出席这次聚会的人表示感谢.
at last有强烈的感情色彩,表示经过曲折“终于”.
He lked fr it everywhere. At last he fund it.他到处找,最后终于找到了它.
在表示将来的“最终”“终于”时,只能用in the end.
We believe that he will becme a famus writer in the end.我们相信他最终将成为一名名作家.
(十一)maybe, perhaps, pssibly和prbably
都可译为“可能”“也许”.其区别:prbably的可能性最大,可译为“十有八九”“很可能”.maybe和perhaps的可能性通常是50%.pssibly可能性最小,可能性不超过30%.
好题精练
一、写出下列副词的比较级和最高级形式
答案：
1.faster,fastest 2.earlier,earliest
3.better,best 4.less,least
5.later,latest 6.harder,hardest
7.mre,mst 8.mre crrectly, mst crrectly
9.mre quickly, mst quickly 10.mre carefully, mst carefully
二、根据句意,给下列句子填上适当的词
1.He desn't run________ fast as I d.
2.My sister desn't speak English as fluently(流利) ________ my brther.
3.The baby cried harder and________.
4.Des it rain________ ften in summer in Shanghai than in Beijing?
5.I'm________ hungrier nw.
答案：
1.s/as 2.as 3.harder 4.mre 5.a little/much
三、选择括号中适当的词填空
1.This by is________ clever but________ lazy.(rather, quite)
2.I like Tm and Mary. They are________ nice peple.(such, s)
3.There's________ anything in the bridge.(hardly, hard)
4.The pian is________ heavy t mve.(t, enugh)
5.Dn't g nw. It is________ raining hard.(yet, still)
6.He is ________ ready t help peple. We like him.(always, never)
7.Gerge is always________ .Nw he is driving alng the narrw rad.(carefully, careful)
8.Our hliday was t shrt. The time passed very________ (quickly, quick)
答案：
1.quite,rather 2.such 3.hardly 4.t
5.still 6.always 7.careful,carefully 8.quickly
四、选择填空
1.Wu Dng learns English________.
2.-Hw________ is it frm yur schl t the pst ffice?
-Only a few kilmetres.
3.My brther is gd at drawing, I am gd at it, ________.
4.- ________ did yu g last weekend?
-I went t the Great Wall.
5.Wh runs________ in yur class?
6.Which d yu like________, bread, rice r ndles?
7.Have yu ever seen________ big panda befre?
8.He eats________ fd, s he is________ fat.
9.Have yu received a letter frm Jim________?
10.I dn't feel very________ tday.
答案：
1-5CDABC 6-10BBCAB
五、用括号内词的适当形式填空
1.Tm studies________ (hard) than yu.
2.He sang________ (badly) than any ther by in the grup. His elder sister sang________ (well) f all.
3.She speaks English quite________ (well),but she desn't speak as________ (well) as Mary.
4.I cannt run as________ (fast) as yu. Yu run________ (fast) than me.
5.He writes________ (carefully) than she des. He desn't write as________ (carefully) as she des.
6.Black swims________ (well) than I d, but he desn't swim as________ (well)as my brther.
7.They all finished the wrk tw hurs________ (early) than usual.
8.I walk________ (slwly) than my sister.
答案：
1.harder 2.wrse,best
3.well,well 4.fast,faster
5.mre carefully, carefully 6.better,well
7.earlier 8.mre slwly
clse 接近
clsely 仔细地
deep深的
deeply(表抽象意义)深地,很
free免费地,自由地
freely 无拘无束地
direct 直接地
directly 立刻
hard努力地
hardly几乎不
high 高地
highly(表抽象意义)高地
just正好,恰好
justly公正地
late迟地,晚地
lately 最近
mst 非常;最
mstly 主要地
near 接近
nearly 差不多
wide广阔地;充分地
widely 广泛地
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少数双
音节词
一般在词尾加-er或-est
fast
hard
near
faster
harder
nearer
fastest
hardest
nearest
以字母e结尾的副词加-r或-st
late
later
latest
以辅音字母y结尾的副词,先变i,再加-er
或-est
early
earlier
earliest
多音节词和部分双
音节词
在副词前加mre或mst
quickly
mre quickly
mst quickly
carefully
mre carefully
mst carefully
原级
比较级
最高级
Well
better
best
Badly
wrse
wrst
Little
less
least
Much
mre
mst
Late
later较迟,后来(指时间) latest最近(指时间)
latter后来(针对前者而言) last最后(指顺序)
Far
farther较远 farthest最远
further进一步 furthest最远,最大程度上
1.fast________ ________
2.early________ ________
3.well________ ________
4.little________ ________
5.late________ ________
6.hard________ ________
7.much________ ________
8.crrectly________ ________
9.quickly________ ________
10.carefully________ ________
A. gd
B. nice
C. well
D. fine
A. lng
B. ften
C. sn
D. far
A. t
B. either
C. neither
D. als
A. What
B. Where
C. When
D. Wh
A. fast
B. faster
C. fastest
D. mre fast
A. better
B. best
C. well
D. much
A. a such
B. such a
C .s a
D. a s
A. much t; t much
B. much t; t many
C. t much; much t
D. t much; many t
A. yet
B. just
C. never
D. ever
A. gd
B. well
C. better
D. nice