第十章动词的时态（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

这是一份第十章动词的时态（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳，共26页。学案主要包含了一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过完成时，过去将来时等内容，欢迎下载使用。

知识梳理
在英语中,不同时间里以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态,要用不同的动词形式来表示,动词的这种不同形式称为动词的时态.
英语的时态从时间上划分,可以分为现在时、过去时、将来时和过去将来时;从行为方式上划分,每一类又可以分为一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式.这样,英语动词合起来共有16种时态.现以动词wrk为例,将16种时态形式列表如下:
这些时态中常用的有:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时以及过去将来时8种.
一、一般现在时
(一)一般现在时的构成
一般现在时的否定式、疑问式、否定疑问式和简单回答形式,以wrk为例,列表如下:
(二)动词的第三人称单数词尾变化
当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es(见下表):
动词have的第三人称单数形式为has.
(三)动词第三人称单数加s或es后的读音
1.在清辅音/p/, /k/, /t, /f/后读/s/
2.在/s/, /z/, /ʃ /, /tʃ /, /dʒ /之后读/ɪz/
3.除以上两种读音外,其余的均读/z/
(四)一般现在时的用法
1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作
常与ften, always, smetimes, every day, n Sundays/Mndays等表示频度的时间状语连用.
My father ften gets up early in the mrning.我父亲早晨经常早起.
He has breakfast at 7:00 every mrning.他每天早晨七点吃早饭.
2.表示现在的状态
My father is at wrk. He is very busy.我父亲在工作,他很忙.
The by is twelve.这个男孩儿12岁.
3.表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征
I like t listen t music.我喜欢听音乐.
They speak English very well.他们英语说得非常好.
This taxi driver knws the city f Beijing like the back f his hand.这位出租车司机对北京城了如指掌.
4.表示客观事实和普遍真理
Tw plus tw is fur.2加2等于4.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起,从西方落下.
5.表示计划安排好的将来动作,也可用一般现在时,只限于: g, cme, leave, start, begin, arrive, be等动
The plane takes ff at 11 a.m.飞机上午11点起飞.
We leave Beijing next mnth.下月我们离开北京.
He cmes back tnight.他今晚回来.
6.在时间、条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时
I'll write t yu as sn as I get t Shanghai.我一到上海就给你写信.
Turn ff the lights befre yu leave.走前关灯.
If it desn't rain tmrrw, we'll g t the park.如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园.
If it rains tmrrw, we wn't g t the park.如果明天下雨,我们就不去公园.
7.表示(书、信、报纸、通知、牌示、广播等)“说”“报导”,用一般现在时,主要是动词say
The ntice says,“ N Parking.”通知说:“不准停放车辆.”
The radi says heavy rain in the afternn.广播预报下午有大雨.
8.叙述历史,常用一般现在时,以使其生动
Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks twards her, and she stps and speaks t Jeanne.
珍妮在公园里坐着.玛蒂尔德向她走来,停下来和珍妮谈话.
二、一般过去时
(一)一般过去时的构成(以动词wrk为例)
(二)动词过去式的词尾变化(规则变化)
点拨
(1)prefer的过去式要先双写末尾辅音字母r再加-ed: preferred.
(2)travel的过去式可双写1再加-ed; travelled(英式英语);也可以直接加-ed; traveled(美式英语).
(三)动词过去式与过去分词的读音
1.清辅音后面的-ed读/t/音
2.浊辅音及元音后面的-ed读/d/音
3.t,d后面加-ed读/d/音
4.以-ed结尾的过去分词作形容词用时读/ɪd /音
(四)不规则动词的过去式和过去分词
(五)一般过去时的用法
1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
这时常与yesterday, last week, a mment ag, in 1949等表示过去时间的状语连用.
What did yu have fr breakfast this mrning?今天早饭吃的什么?
I had tw eggs and a glass f milk.早饭吃了两个鸡蛋和一杯牛奶.
The plice stpped him n his way hme last night.昨晚在回家的路上警察拦住了他.
My sister passed her examinatin because she studied very hard.我妹妹通过了考试,因为她学习非常努力.
2.表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作,这时常和表示频度的状语连用
Last term we ften did experiments.上学期我们经常做试验.
He always went t wrk by bus.他过去总是乘车去上班.
She gave her teacher presents every Christmas.她每年都给她的老师送圣诞礼物.
点拨
used t d的否定式和疑问式有两种构成法.
(1)借助did,即:didn't use t d
He didn't use t d it, did he?他过去不经常这么做,是吗?
Did yu use t play ftball?你过去经常踢足球吗?
(2)不用did,即:usedn't t d
She usedn't t make thse mistakes.她以前并不经常出那些错的.
Used yu t play ftball?你过去经常踢足球吗?
3.在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时代替过去将来时
He said he wuld nt g if it rained.他说如果天下雨就不去了.
They tld us that they wuld nt leave until she came back.他们告诉我们直到她回来他们才会离开.
4.常用“wuld+ d”表示过去经常反复发生的动作
I wuld ask yu t think carefully befre yu spke.我劝你在讲话之前要认真考虑一下.
We wuld turn t him fr help when we were in truble.我们一遇麻烦,就向他请求帮助.
三、一般将来时
(一)一般将来时的构成
一般将来时的否定式、疑问式、否定疑问句式和简单回答形式,以study为例:
shall用于第一人称I(we)shall; will可用于各人称.美式英语中,不论什么人称和数,一律用will+动词原形.在口语中,will常缩写为’ll与主语连写在一起.
如:I'll, yu'll, he'11和she'll we’ll, they'll, shall nt 常缩写为shan't, will nt常缩写为wn't.
在疑问中,主语为第一人称(I和We)时,常用助动词shall.
(二)一般将来时的用法
1.一般将来时表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态.常与表示将来的时间状语如tmrrw, next week/mnth/year等连用
I'll cme t pick yu up at 6:00 n Wednesday evening.我星期三晚上6点来接您.
I'll have a party next Saturday. I hpe yu can cme.下周六我要举行聚会,希望你能来.
If it desn't rain tmrrw, we are ging t the Summer Palace.如果明天不下雨,我们就去颐和园.
My daughter will be twenty years ld next year.我女儿明年就20岁了.
He will be here in ten minutes.他10分钟后在这儿.
2.表示将来经常或反复发生的动作
I'll cme and see yu every Sunday next year.明年我将每个星期天来看你.
We shall cme and wrk in this factry every year.我们将每年到这个工厂来劳动.
3.表示揣测
This will be the dictinary yu're lking fr.这大概是你要找的那本词典吧.
The game will be finished by nw.球赛大概已经结束了.
4.“be ging t+动词原形”结构
表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事,或表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能要发生的事情.如:
We are ging t have a new subject this year.今年我们将学一门新学科.
It's ging t rain this afternn.今天下午天要下雨.
I'm nt ging t write letters.我不打算写信.
5.“be+动词不定式”结构表示按计划要发生的事,或用来征求对方意见
Where are we t stay tnight?今晚我们在哪儿过夜?
What is t d?怎么办?
6.“be abut+动词不定式”结构表示即将做某事
I haven't gne yet, I'm abut t.我还没走,正要走呢.
The Sprts Meeting is abut t start nw.运动会即将开始.
点拨
有些表示位置转移的动词,如cme, g, leave, start, arrive, fly等的现在进行时可表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用.
He is leaving fr Shanghai tmrrw.他明天动身去上海.
They are arriving tmrrw afternn.他们明天下午到达.
(三)需注意的几点
1.在回答Shall I...问句时,应该说:Yes, please./Please d.或N, please dn't./Please dn't.不可说:Yes, yu shall.或N, yu shall nt.
2.在回答 Shall we...问句时,应该说:Yes, let's... 或 N, I dn't think we shall./N, let's nt.
(四)will和be ging t的比较
1.will和be ging t 都可表示某种意愿
但其含义和用法有所不同.
be ging t往往表示经过考虑的打算,而will多表示意愿、决心.
We are ging t watch the ftball game.我们打算观看这场足球赛.
I will tell yu all abut it.我将把全部情况告诉你.
2.will可用于条件从句表示将来的意愿,而be ging t用于条件从句,只是表示单纯的将来,试比较
Miss Ga will tell yu the answer if yu ask her.如果你去问高老师,她会告诉你答案的.
If yu are ging t attend the meeting, yu'd better leave nw.如果你要参加会议,最好现在就走.
四、现在进行时
(一)现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由“am/is/are+动词现在分词”构成.
现在进行时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式及简单回答形式:(以动词wrk为例)
(二)动词-ing形式的构成及其读音
1.一般在动词原形末尾加-ing
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing
4.以ie结尾的动词,先去掉e,把i变为y,再加-ing
5.以re结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
6.以er结尾的动词,如果是重读音节结尾,先双写r,再加-ing;如果不是重读音节结尾,就直接加-ing
(三)现在进行时的用法
1.表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作
这时可以不用时间状语,也可以和nw, at present, at the mment等时间状语连用.有时用一个动词.如lk(看),listen(听).
What are yu reading nw?你在读什么?
His mther is watching TV at the present.此刻,他的妈妈正在看电视.
I'm writing a nvel at present.眼下我正在写一部小说.
Lk! The bus is crssing the bridge.看！这辆公共汽车在过桥.
Listen! Smene is singing in the classrm.听！有人在教室里唱歌.
2.表示当前一段时期内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行),常与表示一段时间的状语these days, this week等连用
They are wrking in a factry these days.他们这几天正在工厂劳动.
Mre and mre peple are giving up smking.越来越多的人在戒烟.
They are wrking in a factry these days.他们这几天在工厂劳动.
They're visiting Beijing this week.这周他们在北京观光.
3.现在进行时常与always, cntinually, cnstantly, frever等表示频度的副词连用,表示经常、反复发生的动作,常表示厌烦、不满、赞扬等情感
He is always thinking f his wrk.他总是想着他的工作.
They're frever quarrelling abut smething.他们老是为某件事争吵不休.(不满)
4.现在进行时有时也用来代替一般现在时,表示一个经常性的动作或状态,或是为了表示一种感情(如赞叹、厌烦等)或是为了强调情况的暂时性
Hw are yu feeling tday?你今天觉得怎么样?(亲切)
Linda is ding fine wrk at schl.琳达在学校学习挺不错.(赞美之意)
5.有些动词:如cme, g, leave, arrive, begin, start, stay等的现在进行时可表示将要发生的动作,一般跟时间状语,表明动作发生的时间
The train is arriving sn.火车要到了.
We are leaving n Saturday.我们星期六动身.
Are yu ging anywhere tmrrw?明天你到哪儿去吗?
(四)有的动词不能用于现在进行时
这些词通常是表示感觉、感情、存在、从属、思维等的动词.
表示感觉的动词:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, ntice, lk, seem, appear
表示感情的动词:hate, lve, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, frgive(原谅)
表示存在状况:be, exist(存在), remain(保持), stay, btain(获得)
表示从属或占用:have, pssess(拥有), wn(拥有), cntain(包含), belng(属于),cnsist f(由······组成), frm(形成)
表示思考、理解:understand ,knw, believe, think, dubt, frget, remember
五、过去进行时
(一)过去进行时的构成
过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成.
过去进行时的肯定式,否定式和疑问式及简单回答.(以动词wrk为例)
(二)过去进行时的用法
1.过去进行时表示过去某一个时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作.通常与表示过去的时间状语连用.then, at this/that time, yesterday, at nine, last night等
At 8:00 'clck yesterday evening I was having dinner with sme friends.
昨天晚上八点,我在和几位朋友一起吃饭.
The drbell rang while my mther was cking the dinner.在妈妈做饭时,门铃响了.
Mary fell asleep while she was watching TV.玛丽看着电视睡着了.
My sn was learning English in Australia last autumn.去年秋天我儿子在澳大利亚学习英语.
I was reading an interesting bk last mnth.上个月我在看一本有趣的书.
2.表示移动的动词.如:cme, start, stay, leave, fly等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作
He was leaving the fllwing day.他第二天将要离开.
She asked when I was starting.她问我何时动身.
3.过去进行时动词常与always, frever, cntinually, cnstantly, frequently等副词连用,代替一般过去时,强调过去经常性或习惯性动作,表现出说话人的赞美、厌烦等情绪
He was frever cmplaining abut smething.他老是怨这怨那.
He was cnstantly asking questins.他老是没完没了地提问题.
4.在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时,另一个动作用一般过去时.若表示两个延续动作在过去某一时刻同时发生,则主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时
What was Jim ding when the teacher came in?老师进来的时候吉姆在做什么?
He read a piece f newspaper while he was waiting fr the bus.他一边等车,一边看报.
The students were reading while the teacher was grading their hmewrk.
学生们在看书,而老师在批改他们的家庭作业.
点拨
(1)静态动词如be, have, seem, depend n(依靠)等一般不能用于进行时态.
(2)表示知觉、认识或情感的动词如see, hear, believe, knw, like, lve, want, wish等一般也没有进行时态.
(三)一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态;而过去进行时则表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作.
Mary wrte a letter t her friend last night.玛丽昨晚给她朋友写了封信.(信已写完)
Mary was writing a letter t her friend at 8:00 'clck last night.
昨晚八点钟玛丽在给她的朋友写信.(信不一定写完,只说明了动作的延续)
It was raining this time yesterday.昨天这个时间在下雨.(动作延续)
It rained yesterday.昨天下过雨.(动作完成)
六、现在完成时
(一)现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成.
现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式及简单回答.(以动词wrk为例)
说明:①助动词have和has可以与前面的主语缩略为’ve和’s.如:we've, they've, he's, it's等.
②have nt常缩略为haven't, has nt常缩略为hasn't.
(二)现在完成时的词尾变化
现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成.规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式的变化一样,在动词词尾加-ed;不规则变化的过去分词见“一般过去时”一节的不规则动词表.
(三)现在完成时的用法
1.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态;常和表示一段时间的状语,如:tday, these days, since, fr, this mnth, nw等连用
I'm hungry. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.我饿了,早饭以来我还什么东西都没吃.
I have wrked at this schl fr 20 years.我在这所学校工作20年了.
They have lived in Beijing since 1972.他们从1972年以来就住在北京.
He has drunk fur cups f cffee tday.他今天喝了4杯咖啡了.
It's nice t see yu again. We haven't seen each ther fr a lng time.
再次见到你很高兴,我们有很长时间没见面了.
2.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I have just psted a letter.我刚把信邮寄了.
She has lst her watch.她把表丢了.
Smene has brken the windw.有人把窗户打碎了.
We have lived in Beijing.我们一直住在北京.
I understand what she has said t me.我理解她对我说的话.
We knw that he has passed the English exam.我们知道他英语考试及格了.
(四)现在完成时需注意的问题
1.表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用这类动词常见的有:appear, begin, brrw, buy, clse, cme, die, fall, find, finish, jin, kill, leave, lend, sell, start, stp等.
2.现在完成时不能和明确指出过去时间的状语连用,但可以和不明确指出时间的状语连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语连用明确指出过去的时间状语:如yesterday, last week, in 1999,tw days ag, just nw, when I came in不明确指出时间的状语:如already, yet, smetimes, always, ften, just, befre, never, ever, lately, nce包括现在在内的时间状语:如this mrning, tday, this week, this year
(五)have(has) been和 have(has)gne的区别
表示“曾到过某地”要用“have(has)been”;表示“已经去某地”要用“have(has) gne”.试比较:
Where has he been?他刚才到哪儿去了?(他已回来)
Where has he gne?他上哪儿去了?(他现在不在这里)
They have been t Beijing.他们到过北京.(现在已不在北京了)
They have gne t Beijing.他们到北京去了.(他们可能在去北京的路上,或者已到北京)
(六)现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况.因此,它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last night, three weeks ag, in 2000等.而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用.试比较:
I have seen him.我已见过他了.(我了解他的情况)
I saw him yesterday.我昨天看到他的.(只说明昨天我看到他,并不涉及现在的情况)
I have been ill fr a week.我已病了一周了.(现在还在生病)
I was ill fr a week.我病了一周.(过去病了一周)
(七)延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法
1.现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词在肯定句中不可和一段时间连用
我离开这所学校已经八年了.
误:I've left this schl fr eight years.
正:I've been away frm this schl fr eight years.
他借用我的词典已两天了.
误:He has brrwed my dictinary fr tw days.
正:He has kept my dictinary fr tw days.
不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用.
I haven't gne t see him fr several mnths.我已经好几个月没去看他了.
2.非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列两种方法
(1)将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词.
(2)用句型“Iris+一段时间＋since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示.
It is tw years since the ld man died.这个老人去世两年了.
七、过完成时
(一)过去完成时的构成
过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成.
所有人称和数都用“had+过去分词”,其否定式had nt 常缩写为hadn't.过去完成时的肯定式和疑问式及简单回答形式:(以动词wrk为例)I(Yu)
(二)过去完成时的用法
1.表示在过去某一时间之前(也称为“过去的过去”)已经发生或完成的动作.常与“by/befre+过去的时间”构成的短语连用
Hw many English sngs had yu learned by the end f last term?到上学期末,你们学了几首英文歌?
By the end f last year, we had planted 10,000 trees.到去年年底,我们一共栽种了1万棵树了.
I had never seen such a wnderful match befre that day.那天之前我从未看到过那么精彩的比赛.
The bys had gt t schl befre 7:00 in the mrning.这些男孩儿7点以前就到校了.
2.用于以连词when, as sn as, as... as, befre, until, nw that引导的状语从句中或一些宾语从句中以表示动作发生的时间早于主句所表示的动作,可表示原因、动作先后等关系
I saw Li Ping yesterday. We had nt seen each ther since I left Beijing.
我昨天见到了李平.自我离开北京以来,我们就没见过面.
He went ut after he had put n his cat and hat.他穿上大衣、戴上帽子后,便出去了.
The train had just left when they gt t the statin.当他们到达火车站时,火车刚刚开走.
Hw lng had Mr. Li taught in the suth befre he came here?李先生在来这儿之前,在南方教了几年书?
Mr. and Mrs. Brwn had lived in Bstn befre they mved t Washingtn.
布朗夫妇在搬到华盛顿之前,在波士顿居住.
3.某些表示意愿、意图等的动词,如:think, hpe, want, intend, plan, mean等,其过去完成时常表示本来打算做而没有做的事
I had meant t buy, but I brught n mney.我本想买,但身上没带钱.
He had intended t speak, but time did nt permit.他本想发言,可是时间不允许.
I had thught that they all knew abut it.我还以为他们都知道这件事呢.(实际上他们并不知道)
I had hped that yu wuld cme, but yu didn't.我本希望你能来,可你没有来.
4.在N ;Hardly(scarcely)的结构中,前面的动词多用过去完成时
N sner had he arrived hme than he was asked t start n anther jurney.
他刚到家就被要求做另一次旅行.
Hardly had we gt int the cuntry when it began t rain.我们刚到乡间就下雨了.
5.用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句
If he had seen yu yesterday, he wuld have asked yu abut it.假如他昨天看到你,他就会问你这件事了.
I shuld have called yu if I had knwn yur telephne number.
要是我知道你的电话号码,我就给你打电话了.
(三)用一般过去时代替过去完成时的情况
1.含有动作已经完成意义的动词,如arrive, enter, pen等,当主句和从句的两个动作紧紧相连时,两个动作都可以用一般过去时
When I arrived at the statin, I learnt the train had already left.我一到车站,就听说火车已经离开了.
When he entered the ffice, he heard the telephne ringing.他一进入办公室,就听到电话铃响了.
2.由连词befre, after, as sn as等引导的从句,由于连词本身意义已经说明主句和从句两个动作先后发生的关系,因此,两个动作都可以用一般过去时
After he dsed(=had clsed) the dr, he left the huse.他关好门后离开房子.
I telephned yu as sn as I gt hme.我一到家,就给你打了电话.
八、过去将来时
(一)过去将来时的构成
1.过去将来时由“助动词wuld+动词原形”构成.助动词wuld常简写为“’d”.例如:“I'd" “yu'd” “he'd”等;wuld nt 常简写为”wuldn't"
2.过去将来时还可以用“was(were)+ging t+动词原形”来表示
(二)过去将来时的用法
1.表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态
过去将来时在宾语从句里最常见.
I wndered why he wuldn't g with us.我想知道,他为什么不和我们一起去.
They asked hw they wuld g t Paris.他们问他们将怎么去巴黎.
He asked when the meeting wuld end.他问会议将在什么时候结束.
I wndered if ur team wuld win.我想知道,我们队是否会赢.
He said there wuld be a cncert this evening.他说今晚有一场音乐会.
2.过去将来时也可用“was/were ging t+动词原形”构成,表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作
I thught it was ging t rain sn.我认为很快就会下雨.
He tld me he was ging t wait fr me there.他告诉我他打算在那儿等我.
He said he was nt ging t be there.他说他不准备在那儿.
She said she wasn't ging t be free this Saturday.她说她这个周六没有空.
I was sure(that)they were ging t d that.我确信他们要做那件事.
3.过去将来时还可用“was/were+动词不定式”或“was/were abut+动词不定式”结构,表示某种过去将来的意义
She said that they were t see their English teacher next week.她说下个星期她们要去看她们的英语老师.
We were t finish the wrk in three days.我们打算三天内完成任务.
4.过去将来时常用来表示过去的习惯性动作,这时往往有一个时间状语陪衬
Every evening she wuld teach us t read and write.每天晚上她都来教我们读写.
好题精练
一、选择填空
1.Never truble me while I_________ in my rm.
2.Lin Ta ften_________ his hmewrk at hme in the evening, then he_________ ver his lessns.
3.yur father usually g t wrk early every day?
4.Miss Ga isn't here. She_________ t the statin t meet Mr. Brwn.
is ut. But he_________ here ten minutes ag.
6.There_________ a talk abut science in ur schl next Mnday.
7.His uncle_________ English in this schl tw years ag.
8.My father is very busy, he_________ TV after supper.
China last year.
10.Tm has gne ut. He'll_________ back in an hur.
many friends since he came t China.
12.-Hw lng has Jim_________?
-Fr abut eight weeks.
13.- _________ yu_________ a new dictinary?
-Nt yet.
t visit Beijing in tw days.
15.Han Mei_________ wrried because her mther_________ ill.
never_________ t China.
17.Li Ming and Wang Lin_________ League members.
18.-What did yu d last night?
-I did my hmewrk and_________ TV.
19.Ir's cld utside. Alice, here's yur cat. _________, please.
20.Hw lng may I_________ this bk?
21.-Hw lng_________ yu_________ the bicycle?
-Abut tw weeks.
22.Tm_________ mre than 200 Chinese stamps since he came t China.
23.There_________ many flwers in the street.
24.I_________ t bed until my granny came back hme.
25.Li Ming will buy a watch if his father_________ him mney.
26.Aunt Li_________ her hme twn fr a lng time.
27.Mary isn't in. She_________ t the market.
28.The Whites_________ many places f interest since they came t China.
29. _________ he_________ the dctr the day befre yesterday?
30.-Where is Mr. Zhang?
-He has_________ America.
31.-Hw many students_________ in yur class?
-Frty.
32.-I have finished my hmewrk.
-When_________ yu_________ it?
33.If Zhang Hua_________ hard, he'll d better in math.
34.Thereis smething n the flr. Please_________.
35.Please g ut t climb the hill if it_________ tmrrw.
答案：
1-5CBDBA 6-10 BCDBD
11-15ACDDA 16-20DCBAD
21-25 ADBAB 26-30DDACB
31-35BDCCD
二、用括号中动词的适当形式填空
Ted Rbinsn has been wrried all the week. Last Tuesday, he 1 (receive)a letter frm the plice statin. In the letter he 2 (ask) t call at(到)the statin. Ted didn't knw why he 3 (want) by the plice, but he 4 (g) t the statin yesterday and nw he 5 (nt, wrry) any mre. At the statin he 6 (tell) by a smiling pliceman that his bicycle 7 (find) . Five days ag, the pliceman 8 (tell) him the bicycle 9 (pick) up in a small village fur hundred miles away. Nw it 10 (send) t his hme n the way by train. Ted 11 (surprise)when he 12 (hear) the news. He was amused(逗乐)t, because he never thught that the bicycle 13 (can, find)again. It 14 (take)away by smene twenty years ag when he 15 (be)a by f fifteen!
答案：
1.received 2.was asked
3.was wanted 4.went
5.is nt wrried 6.was tld
7.had been fund 8.tld
9.was picked 10.is being sent
11.was surprised 12.heard
13.culd be fund 14.was taken
15.was
三、改正下列句子中的错误.
1.I'll tell him abut it as sn as he will cme here tmrrw.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.D yu knw whm the bk is belnging t?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3.The teacher tld his pupils that the sun will rise in the east.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.When has Mary started t learn Chinese?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5.It gets dark. We have t g hme at nce.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
6.He is having a new dictinary.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
7.Here she is cming.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
8.They went t bed until they had dne all the wrk.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
9.He said that England lay in Eurpe.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
1.will cme→ cmes
2.is belnging t→ belngs t
3.will rise→ rises
→
5.gets→is getting
6.is having→ has
7.is cming→ cmes
8.went→didn't g
9.lay→lies
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般式
wrk
wrks
wrked
shall
wrk
will
Shuld
wrk
shuld
进行式
am
are wrking
is
was
wrking
were
shall
be wrking
will
shuld
be wrking
wuld
完成式
has
wrked
have
had wrked
shall
have wrked
will
shuld
have wrked
wuld
完成进
行式
have
been wrking
has
had been
wrking
shall
have been wrking
will
shuld
have been wrking
wuld
否定式
疑问式
否定疑问式
简单回答
I d nt wrk.
D I wrk?
D I nt wrk?
Yes, I d. N, I dn't.
Yu d nt wrk.
D yu wrk?
D yu nt wrk?
Yes, I d. N, I dn't.
He/ She/It des nt wrk.
Des he/she/it wrk?
Des he/she/it nt wrk?
Yes, he/she/it des.
N, he/she/it desn't.
We d nt wrk.
D we wrk?
D we nt wrk?
Yes, yu d. N, yu dn't.
Yu d nt wrk.
D yu wrk?
D yu nt wrk?
Yes, we d. N, we dn't.
They d nt wrk.
D they wrk?
D they nt wrk?
Yes, they d. N, they dn't.
规则
动词原形
第三人称单数形式
一般在词尾加-s
play
wrk
leave
swim
plays
wrks
leaves
swims
以字母s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的词加-es
pass
fix
teach
wish
d
passes
fixes
teaches
wishes
des
以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-es
study
carry
fly
cry
studies
carries
flies
cries
stps/stɒps/
jumps/dʒʌ mps/
likes/laɪks/
picks/pɪks/
visits/vɪzɪts/
laughs/lɑːfs/
cughs/kɒfs/
psts/pəʊsts/
passes/pɑːsɪz/
guesses/gesɪz/
rises/raɪzɪz/
refuses/rɪfju:zɪz/
wishes/wɪʃɪz/
washes/wɒʃɪz/
teaches/ti:tʃɪz/
watches/wɒtʃɪz/
changes/tʃeɪndʒɪz/
manages/mænɪdʒɪz/
否定式
疑问式
否定疑问式
简单回答
I did nt wrk.
Did I wrk?
Did I nt wrk?
Yes, I did.
N, I didn't.
Yu did nt wrk.
Did yu wrk?
Did yu nt wrk?
Yes, I did.
N, I didn't.
He/ She/ It did nt wrk.
Did he/she/it wrk?
Did he/she/it nt wrk?
Yes, he/she/it did.
N, he/she/it didn't.
We did nt wrk.
Did we wrk?
Did we nt wrk?
Yes, yu did.
N, yu didn't.
Yu did nt wrk.
Did yu wrk?
Did yu nt wrk?
Yes, we did.
N, we didn't.
They did nt wrk.
Did they wrk?
Did they nt wrk?
Yes, they did.
N, they didn't.
构成规则
原形
过去式
-般在动词末尾加-ed
wrk
plant
play
wrked
planted
played
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d
like
live
change
liked
lived
changed
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed
plan
stp
drp
planned
stpped
drpped
以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i再加-ed
carry
study
cry
carried
studied
cried
stpped/stɒpt/停止
laughed/lɑːft/笑
asked/ɑːskt/提问
hped/həʊpt/希望
dressed/drest/穿衣
marched/mɑːtʃt/行军
watched/wɒtʃt/看
pushed/pʊʃt/推
rubbed/rʌbd/擦
tried/traɪd/试图,努力
lived/lɪvd/生活
begged/begd/请求
named/neɪmd/取名
agreed/əgri:d/同意
rained/reɪnd/下雨
mved/mu:vd/移动
united/ju: naɪtɪd/联合
heated/hi:tɪd/加热
ended/endɪd/结束
needed/ni:dɪd/需要
wanted/wɒntɪd/想要
guided/'gaɪdɪd/指引
aged/eɪdʒɪd/年老的
learned/1ɜːnɪd/有学问的
wicked/wɪkɪd/罪恶的
interested/ɪntrəstɪd/感兴趣的
原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
Cst
Cut
Hit
Hurt
Let
Put
Read
cst
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
cst
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
花费
削、砍
打击
伤害、使受伤
让
放
读
Becme
Cme
Run
became
came
ran
becme
cme
run
成为
来
跑
Bring
Buy
Fight
Think
Catch
Teach
brught
bught
fught
thught
caught
taught
brught
bught
fught
thught
caught
taught
带来
买
打架
想
抓住
教
Build
Lend
Send
Spend
Lse
Smell
built
lent
sent
spent
lst
smelt/smelled
built
lent
sent
spent
lst
smelt/smelled
建筑
借给
送,寄
花(钱、时间)
丢失
闻
Feel
Keep
Sleep
Sweep
Leave
Meet
felt
kept
slept
swept
left
met
felt
kept
slept
swept
left
met
感觉
保持
睡觉
扫
离开
遇见
Burn
Learn
Mean
burnt/burned
learnt/learned
meant
burnt/burned
learnt/learned
meant
燃烧
学会
意思是
Sell
Tell
sld
tld
sld
tld
卖
告诉
Hld
held
held
抓住、握住
Shine
Win
Get
Stand
Understand
Dig
Hang
have(has)
hear
make
pay
shne/shined
wn
gt
std
understd
dug
hung/hanged
had
heard
made
paid
shne/shined
wn
gt
std
understd
dug
hung/hanged
had
heard
made
paid
照耀,使光亮
赢
得到
站
理解、懂得
挖
挂／绞死
有
听见
制造
付(钱)
say
sit
find
said
sat
fund
said
sat
fund
说
坐
发现
am, is
are
d
g
wear
lie
see
was
were
did
went
wre
lay
saw
been
been
dne
gne
wrn
lain
seen
是
是
做
去
穿着
躺
看见
begin
drink
ring
sing
swim
began
drank
rang
sang
swam
begun
drunk
rung
sung
swum
开始
喝
打电话,(铃)响
唱
游泳
drive
rise
ride
write
drve
rse
rde
wrte
driven
risen
ridden
written
驾驶
升起
骑(马、自行车)
写
blw
grw
knw
thrw
fly
blew
grew
knew
threw
flew
blwn
grwn
knwn
thrwn
flwn
吹
生长
知道
投掷
飞
draw
shw
drew
shwed
drawn
shwn
画、拉
出示
break
speak
chse
take
mistake
wake
brke
spke
chse
tk
mistk
waked/wke
brken
spken
chsen
taken
mistaken
waked/wken
打断,打破
讲
选择
拿走
弄错
唤醒
beat
eat
fall
give
frget
beat
ate
fell
gave
frgt
beaten
eaten
fallen
given
frgtten
打
吃
落下
给
忘记
否定式
疑问式
否定疑问句式
简单回答
I shall/will nt study.
Shall I study?
Shall I nt study?
(Shan't I study?)
Yes, yu will.
N, yu wn't.
Yu will nt study.
Will yu nt study?
Will yu study?
(Wn't yu study?)
Yes, I shall/will.
N, I shan't/wn't.
He/ She/It will nt study.
Will he/she/it nt study?
Will he/she/it study?
(Wn't he/she/it study?)
Yes, he/she/it will.
N, he/she/it wn't.
We shall/will nt study.
Shall we study?
Shall we nt study?
(Shan't we study?)
Yes, yu will.
N, yu wn't.
Yu will nt study
Will yu study?
Will yu nt study?
(Wn't yu study?)
Yes, we shall/will.
N, we shan't/wn't.
They will nt study.
Will they study?
Will they nt study?
(Wn't they study?)
Yes, they will.
N, they wn't.
肯定式
I am/'m wrking.
He (She, It)is/isn't wrking.
We(Yu, They) are/'re wrking.
否定式
I am nt/'m nt wrking.
He(She, It)is nt/isn't wrking.
We(Yu, They) are nt/aren't wrking.
疑问式
Am I
Is he(she, it)
Are yu(we, they)
简单回答
Yes, yu are. N, yu aren't.
Yes, I am. N, I'm nt. Yes, he(she it) is. N, he(she ,it)isn't.
Yes, we(yu, they) are. N, we(yu, they) aren't.
stay-staying/'steɪɪŋ /
d-ding/'du:ɪŋ/
listen-listening/'lɪsnɪŋ/
suffer-suffering/'sʌfərɪŋ/
wrk-wrking/'wɜːkɪŋ/
spend-spending/'spendɪŋ/
lk-lking/'lʊkɪŋ/
make-making/'meɪkɪŋ/
take-taking/'teɪkɪŋ/
give-giving/'gɪvɪŋ/
ride-riding/'raɪdɪŋ/
please-pleasing/'pli:zɪŋ/
refuse-refusing/'rɪ'fju:zɪŋ/
clse-clsing/'kləʊzɪŋ/
perate-perating/'ɒpəreɪtɪŋ/
put-putting/'pʊtɪŋ/
sit-sitting/'sɪtɪŋ/
run-running/'rʌnɪŋ/
win-winning/'wɪnɪŋ/
begin-beginning/bɪ'gɪnɪŋ/
lie-lying/'laɪɪŋ/
tie-tying/'taɪɪŋ/
die-dying/'daɪɪŋ/
prepare-preparing/prɪ'peərɪŋ/
interfere-interfering/ɪntə'fɪərɪg/
tire-tiring/'taɪərɪŋ/
bre-bring/'bɔ:rɪŋ/
cure-curing/kjʊərɪŋ/
prefer-preferring
water(浇水)-watering
肯定式
I(He, She, It)was wrking.
We(Yu, They)were wrking.
否定式
I(He, She, It)was nt wrking
We(Yu, They)were nt wrking.
疑问式
Was I(he, she, it)wrking..?
Were we(yu, they)
简单回答
Yes, yu were. N, yu were nt.
Yes, I was N, I was nt
Yes, he(she, it) was. N, he(she, it) was nt.
Yes, yu(we, they)were. N, yu(we, they) were nt.
肯定式
I(Yu) have wrked.
He(She, It) has wrked.
We(Yu, They) have wrked.
否定式
I(Yu) have nt/haven't wrked.
He(She, It) has nt/hasn't wrked.
We(Yu, They) have nt/haven't wrked.
疑问式
Have I(yu)
Has he(she, it)
Have we(yu, they)
简单回答
Yes, yu(I) have. N, yu(I) have nt/haven't.
Yes, he(she, it) has. N, he(she, it) has nt/hasn't.
Yes, yu(we, they) have. N, yu(we, they) have nt/haven't.
buy→ have
brrw→ keep
pen→ be pen
clse→ be clsed
begin/start→ be n
cme→ be here
g→ be there
finish→ be ver
die→ be dead
catch a cld→ have a cld
put n→ wear
get up→ be up
wake up→ be awake
fall asleep→ be asleep
lse→ nt have
jin→ be in/be a member f
leave→ be away
arrive/reach→ be
marry/get married→ be married
肯定式
I(Yu)
He(She, It) had wrked.
We(Yu, They)
否定式
I(yu)
He(She, It) had nt/hadn't wrked.
We(Yu, They)
疑问式
I(yu)
Had he(she, it)
we(yu, they)
简单回答
I(yu) I(yu)
Yes, he(she, it) had N, he(she, it) had nt/hadn’d
we(yu, they) we(yu, they)
A. will sleep
B. asleep
C. am sleeping
D. slept
A. d; g
B. des; ges
C. did; ges
D. des; went
A. Was
B.Is
C. Did
D. Des
A. went
B. has gne
C. has been
D. wuld g
A. was
B. is
C. will
D. wuld be
A. will have
B. will be
C. have
D. has
A. has taught
B. had taught
C. taught
D .teaches
A. dn't watch
B. isn't watch
C. didn't watch
D. desn't watch
A. visit
B. visited
C. visits
D. visiting
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
A. has made
B. had made
C. makes
D. made
A. gne away
B. left hme
C. been away
D. left
A. Has; buy
B. Has; bught
C. Did; buy
D. Have; bught
A. cme
B. came
C. cmes
D. will cme
A. lks; is
B. lk; is
C. lk; was
D. lked; is
A. did; g
B. des; cme
C. has; cme
D. has; been
A .is
B. bth are
C. are bth
D. are all
A. watch
B. watched
C. will watch
D. am watching
A. Put it n
B. Put it up
C. Take it ff
D. Take it away
A. brrw
B. lend
C. return
D. keep
A. have; had
B. have; bught
C. did; buy
D. have; get
A. cllects
B. cllected
C. will cllect
D. has cllected
A. is
B. are
C. be
D. am
A. didn't g
B. went
C. had gne
D. have gne
A. give
B. gives
C. gave
D. will give
A. has left
B. left
C. has gne t
D. has been away frm
A. went
B. is ging
C. has been
D. has gne
A. have visited
B. will visit
C. visited
D. visit
A. Have ;seen
B. Has; seen
C. Did; see
D. Des; see
A. been t
B. gne t
C. been
D. gne
A. is there
B. are there
C. there is
D. there are
A. d; finish
B. will; finish
C. have; finished
D. did; finish
A. will study
B. study
C. studies
D. is studying
A. pick up it
B. pick up them
C. pick it up
D. pick them up
A. rains
B. raining
C. wn't rain
D. desn't rain