第十二章动词不定式（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

这是一份第十二章动词不定式（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳，共10页。学案主要包含了不定式概述，不定式的主要句型及注意事项，选择填空，改正下列句子的错误等内容，欢迎下载使用。

知识梳理
一、不定式概述
动词不定式的基本形式是:“t+动词原形”,有时可以不带t.不带t的不定式与动词原形同形,但它不是原形,而是一种语法形式.除基本助动词d和情态动词外,英语动词都有不定式形式.
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分－主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语.动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语.
不定式有时态、语态变化(以d为例):
动词不定式的句法作用
(一)作主语
用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式.
T bey the laws is everyne's duty.服从法律是每个人的职责.
Hw t use the cmputer is a questin.怎么使用计算机是一个问题.
Hw t get there is nt decided yet.怎样去那里还没决定下来.
点拨
(1)在很多情况下,常用it作形式主语,而把真实主语不定式放在谓语之后.
It was difficult t sell my car.我的车很难卖掉.
It's nt knwn where t stay fr the night.在哪里过夜还不知道.
(2)如果要表示不定式的动作是谁做的,一般在不定式前加一个fr短语.
It will be a regret fr us nt t help him.我们没有帮助他是个遗憾.
(3)在某些形容词(如kind, gd, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrng, right, flish, stupid, careless, cnsiderate, rude, naughty, implite等)作表语时,不定式前常可加一个以f引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况.
It wuld be rude f us t refuse their invitatin.(我们)拒绝他们的邀请,会显得无礼.
(二)作表语
作表语,一般紧跟在系动词,如:be, seem, get等后面,用以说明主语.
The questin is when t start.问题是什么时候启程.
Yu seem t have lst weight.你好像减肥了.
What we have t d first is t find a slutin.我们得做的第一件事是找出一个解决办法.
点拨
当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时,这个不定式只作单纯的表语,而不具有未来的含义.
(三)作宾语
能以不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agree, begin, decide, expect, frget, hpe, learn, like, manage, pretend, start, try, want, wish等.
D yu wish t see the manager?你想见经理吗?
They decided t learn English hard.他们决定好好学英语.
Dn't frget t meet me at 6:00.别忘了六点钟和我见面.
有些动词,如:tell, advise, shw, teach, knw, frget, learn , remember, shw, understand, see, wnder, hear, find ut, explain, decide, discuss等后面,常用带疑问词的不定式作宾语.
We dn't knw wh(whm)t ask.我们不知道问谁.
We asked hw t get t the statin.我们问怎么到达车站.
Have yu decided where t g fr yur hlidays?你们决定到哪儿度假了吗?
I dn't knw whether t apply fr the jb r nt?那份工作我不知道申请还是不申请?
(四)作定语
I have n time t waste.我没有时间可浪费.
Let me find a place t park.我来找个停车的地方.
He is always the first t cme t wrk and the last t leave.他总是第一个来上班,最后一个走.
点拨
不定式修饰smething, anything, nthing时,放在它们的后面.如果 smething, anything, nthing 有形容词来修饰,词序是smething(nthing...)+形容词＋不定式.
My father had smething t d.我父亲有事要办.
Have yu gt anything imprtant t buy?你有什么重要的东西要买吗?
(五)作状语
不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果、原因等.一般放在被修饰词之后,但在表示目的时,为了强调也可放在句首.
1.作目的状语
为加强语气在否定式前还可加上in rder或s as组成词组(即:in rder t...,s as t...),作状语表示目的.
T live a lng and healthy life, we must learn t have a balanced diet.
为了能过长寿而健康的生活,我们必须懂得吃均衡的食品.
I stayed there s as t see what wuld happen.我留在那儿,为的是想看看会发生什么事.
In rder t help him, we wuld d everything we can.为了帮助他,我们愿意尽一切力量.
2.作结果状语
表结果,其逻辑主语通常亦是全句的主语.在“ t...”“ t..“ enugh t...”“nly t...”以及“”等结构中的不定式皆表示结果.
She is ld enugh t g t schl.她已到了可以上学的年龄了.
He was t drunk t drive hme.他酩酊大醉,没法开车回家.
3.作原因状语
She trembled t think f the terrible accident.想到那可怕的车祸,她就不寒而栗.
We jumped with jy t hear the news.听到这消息,我们都高兴地跳了起来.
(六)宾语补足语
1、有很多动词的后面都可以有不定式作宾语补足语常见的这类动词有:advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, frbid, persuade, press, request, teach, warn等.
She asked her grandfather t play game with her.她请爷爷跟她一起做游戏.
Mther tld me t ck the meal.妈妈叫我做饭.
2.有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带t,这种动词有两类:一类是感觉动词,另一类是使役动词
感觉动词:如feel, see, hear, watch, ntice等.
使役动词:如make, let, have等.
Let me d it fr yu.让我来替你做.
Dn't let her g ut.别让她出去.
I made him wrk hard.我迫使他加劲干.
(1)动词help之后,复合宾语中的不定式可带t,亦可不带t.
在上述动词转换为被动结构时,其后的不定式必须带t.
He was seen t enter the theatre.有人看见他走进了剧院.
I was made t d my hmewrk the whle night.我被迫整晚做作业.
Can yu help me (t) mve this table?你能帮我移动一下这张桌子吗?
(2)感官动词的宾语补足语有两种形式:不带t的不定式和动词-ing形式.
I heard Meimei singing in her rm when I went past.
我路过的时候听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(路过的瞬间正在唱,所以用singing)
We ften hear Meimei sing in her rm.我们经常听见梅梅在房间里唱歌.(经常听见,用不定式)
I saw him cme in. I saw him cming in.
两句话的意思都一样:我看见他进来.用不定式着重于动作的全过程,用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作的进行情况.
3.当谓语动词为think, make, find, cnsider, feel, regard等词,作宾语的不定式后面有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在补足语的后面
I find it easy t learn English well.我发现要把英语学好很容易.
三、不定式的主要句型及注意事项
(一)不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式:nt+不定式,经常和ask(tell)sb. t d sth.句型连用.
She asked me nt t drive him t the statin.她要我不要开车送他到车站.
Try nt t be late.争取不要迟到.
Mary asked me nt t give my pen t Jimmy.玛丽让我别把笔给吉米.
She decided nt t cme here again.她决定不再到这儿来.
点拨
不定式的否定式和否定句的区别:
I asked him nt t pen the dr.我让他别把门打开.
I didn't ask him t pen the dr.我没让他把门打开.
(二)不定式的进行时态
进行式:表示在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在进行.
It's nice t be sitting here with yu.在这儿陪你坐着是非常愉快的.
It is unwise fr him t be talking that tpic all the time.他老是谈论这件事,很不明智.
(三)不定式的完成时态
完成式表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生时已经完成.
She said she was srry t have missed yu.她说她没见到你很遗憾.
He seemed t have visited ur factry.他好像参观过我们的工厂.
They appeared t have met befre.他们看来以前见过面.
(四)动词不定式的被动语态表示被动意义
I didn't want t be tld abut it.我不想被告知这件事.
Nthing seems t have been frgtten.似乎什么也没有被遗忘.
The building is said t have been destryed in a fire tw years ag.据说这幢大楼两年前已毁于一场大火.
在以某些形容词,如kind, gd, silly, hnest, bad, stupid, bld, clever, cruel, curteus, nice, rude, sensible, tactful, wise, wrng等作表语时,后面需用以“f+名词(或代词宾格)＋不定式”结构,以说明不定式所表示的动作的执行者是谁(即f短语是不定式的逻辑主语).
It's very gd f yu t cme.谢谢你的光临.
Hw silly f yu (it is)t make such a mistake!你出了这样的差错,多傻啊！
It's very kind f yu t say s.多谢你这么说.
在had better, had best, wuld rather, wuld , wuld sner, wuld , cannt but, d nthing but等结构后面的不定式要省略“t”.
Yu had better write it in English.你最好用英文写.
I wuld rather stay at hme.我宁愿待在家里.
好题精练
一、用-ing形式或不定式的适当形式完成句子
1.D yu enjy_________ ftball?(play)
2.Fred didn't have any mney, s he decided_________ a jb.(take)
3.We're ging ut fr dinner, Wuld yu like_________ us?(jin)
4.The teacher reminded the students_________ their test paper n time.(finish)
5.When I was tired, I enjyed_________ TV.(watch)
6.It was a nice day, s the ld man agreed_________ fr a walk.(g)
7.I'm nt in a hurry, I dn't mind_________.(wait)
答案:
1.playing 2.t take 3.t jin 4.t finish 5.watching 6.t g 7.waiting
二、选择括号内所给词组完成句子,注意括号内“g+v.-ing形式”构成固定搭配的用法
(g bating; g fishing; g dancing; g running; g skating; g hunting; g singing)
1.She's a gd dancer. She always_________ n Saturday.
2.I've gt a gun. I'll_________ with that strng hunter next weekend.
3.“Where is Tim?”“He has. _________ He always runs in the mrning.”
4.We have enugh fish t eat. Our father_________ every day.
答案:
1.ges dancing
2.g hunting
3.gne running
4.ges fishing
三、仿照示例改写下列句子
示例:It is very interesting t play baseball.→ T play baseball is very interesting.
1.lt was nt plite t speak that way befre Mr. Lee.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.It can be quite easy t travel by air.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3.lt will be n prblem t arrive there befre nn.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.T make thse strangers believe us was s difficult.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5.T help Tm speak Chinese well is nt at all easy.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1.T speak that way befre Mr. Lee was nt plite.
2.T travel by air can be quite easy.
3.T arrive there befre nn will be n prblem.
4.It was s difficult t make thse strangers believe us.
5.It is nt at all easy t help Tm (t) speak Chinese well.
四、选择填空
1. _________ the bkstre, he stpped_________ a few bks.
2.Bruce,lk at yur dirty shes, Yu'd better_________ them right nw.
3. _________ the rm, I fund the cmputer_________.
4.We've wrked hard fr nearly ne hur. Let's stp_________ a rest nw.
5.My mther always tells me nt_________ t the net bars(网吧)．
6.The teacher asked us_________ English fr half an hur in the mrning.
7.Yu will have t get up early tmrrw. Stp_________ TV, Peter.
8.I find it hard_________ English well.
9.The teacher asked Jhn_________ a shrt talk in ur class meeting.
10.The girl was t pr_________ a huse
11.It was very late at night, but Mr. Brwn still went n_________.
12.Remember_________ him abut it befre he ges away.
13.Lin Ta is strng enugh_________ the big bx.
14.Her mther tld her_________ in bed.
15.When class began, we stpped_________ t the teacher carefully.
16.Yu'd better_________ the cinema by bus.
17.What did the manager_________ yu t_________ at the meeting?
18.Tm was let_________ in the gate huse.
has enugh time_________ the jb in tw days.
20.Lk,the building_________ is ur library.
21. _________ n mney, I culd nt buy this cat.
22.The teacher has smething imprtant_________ us.
23.Li Ming didn't knw_________ next.
24.I'd lve_________ t yur birthday party.
25.It tk me tw hurs_________ by bus.
答案:
1-5BCBBB 6-10CDCBA
11-15CBBBD 16-20DABBB
21-25 BABCA
五、改正下列句子的错误
1.He seems t nt hear frm her.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.I hpe see yu sn.
____________________________________________________________________________________________3.I made them t give the mney back.
____________________________________________________________________________________________4.The scientist gave us sme advice n hw learning English.
____________________________________________________________________________________________5.N ne nticed him t leave the rm.
____________________________________________________________________________________________6.Have yu given up t smke?
____________________________________________________________________________________________7.We fund him waited at the schl gate.
____________________________________________________________________________________________8.Why nt t turn ff the light?
____________________________________________________________________________________________9.She didn't want me g.
____________________________________________________________________________________________10.I dn't knw t swim.
____________________________________________________________________________________________11.China is a develped cuntry belnging t the third wrld.
____________________________________________________________________________________________12.It's getting dark. We have t find a htel t live.
____________________________________________________________________________________________13.He said he had an imprtant meeting t attended.
____________________________________________________________________________________________14.They dn't allw that peple smke.
____________________________________________________________________________________________15.It's difficult sell my car.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1.He seems nt t...
2.I hpe t see...
3.I made them give...
t learn...
leave...
up smking?
waiting...
8.Why nt turn ff...
9.She didn't want me t g.
10.I dn't knw hw t swim.
develping...
live in
attend.
14. t smke.
sell my car.
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
t d
t be dne
进行式
t be ding
-
完成式
t have dne
t have been dne
完成进行式
t have been ding
-
A. Passing; buying
B. Passing; t buy
C. T pass; buying
D. Having passed; t buy
A. washed
B. washing
C. wash
D. t wash
A. Entering; stealing
B. Entering; stlen
C. T enter; steal
D. T enter; stealing
A. have
B. t have
C. having
D. have had
A. g
B. t g
C. ges
D. ging
A. reads
B reading
C. t read
D. read
A. watches
B. watch
C. t watch
D. watching
A. learn
B. learning
C. t learn
D. learns
A. give
B. t give
C. gave
D. giving
A. t buy; t live in
B. t buy ;t live
C. buy; t live
D. buying; living in
A. wrks
B .wrked
C. wrking
D. wrk
A. tell
B. t tell
C. telling
D. t telling
A. carry
B. t carry
C. carrying
D. carries
A. nt read
B. nt t read
C. dn't read
D. t nt read
A. listening
B. listen
C. listens
D .t listen
A. dn't g
B. t g
C. t g t
D. g t
A. tell; say
B. ask; speak
C. tell; speak
D. ask; talk
A. wait
B. t wait
C. waiting
D. t have waited
A. finish
B. t finish
C. finishing
D. finished
A. is repaired
B. being repaired
C. repairing
D. t be repairing
A. Have
B. Having
C. T have
D. Have had
A. t tell
B. tells
C. telling
D. tld
A. t d what
B. what t d
C. hw t d
D. what d
A. cme
B. came
C. t cme
D. cmes
A. t get there
B. t get t there
C. get there
D. get t there