初中英语鲁教版 (五四制)九年级全册Unit 1 When was it invented?Section B导学案

课题：Unit 1 When was it invented?第3课时

学习目标：

1、重点单词

crispy（adj.）脆的；酥脆的；salty(adj.)咸的；sour（adj.）酸的；有酸味的；customer（n.）顾客；客户；Canadian（adj.)加拿大的；加拿大人的（n.）加拿大人；divide（v.）分开；分散；basket(n.)篮；筐；hero英雄；男主角

2、重点词组

a much-loved and active sport 一个深受喜爱并且积极的运动；divide…into把……分开；work together配合，合作；at the same time同时；stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事；dream of doing sth.梦想做某事；look up to钦佩，仰慕；the professional basketball groups职业篮球机构

3、重点句式

(1)—Did you know potato chips were invented by mistake?你知道土豆片是被错误地发明的吗？

—I didn’t know that. Who invented them?我不知道，是谁发明的?

(2)The customer thought the potatoes were not thin enough.顾客认为土豆不够薄。

(3)Finally he put lots of salt on them so they were salty enough.最后他在它们上面撒了许多盐以使他们足够咸。

(4)It is over 100 years old and is played by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries.它有一百多年并且在二百多个国家有一亿多人都在打篮球。

(5)It’s believed that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21,1891.已确信历史上的第一次篮球赛是在1891年12月21日进行的。

(6) Dr. Naismith created a game to be played inside on a hard floor.奈史密斯博士创造了一个可在室内坚硬地板上玩的游戏。

(7)Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world,with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.今天，随着许多年轻人梦想成为著名的球员，篮球在全世界的受欢迎程度得到上升。

(8)Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play,but it has also become a popular sport to watch.篮球不仅已成为受欢迎的比赛运动，而且已成为受欢迎的观赏运动。

重点难点：

重点: 掌握单词和短语sour; by mistake, popularity, look up to, etc.

难点:  学会用一般过去时的被动语态对更广泛的发明进行描述。

导学设计：

1. enough adj. 足够的; 充分的

The customer said they were not salty enough. 那个顾客说它们不够咸。

The restaurant has enough food for the tons of customers. 这个餐馆有足够的食物招待很多顾客。

He ran fast enough to catch the early bus. 他跑得足够快以至于赶上了早班车。

【归纳】 enough的两种用法

 (1) adj. +enough+to do句型和so. . . that. . . 句型能够相互转换。

He is careful enough to do it well. = He is      careful       he can do it well.

他足够细心能把它做好。

(2) not adj. + enough + to do句型和too. . . to. . . 句型能够相互转换。

The question isn’t easy enough for me to answer. =The question is       difficult for me         .

这个问题不简单, 我回答不了。

【现学现练】

(1) 这个房间不够大, 盛不下100人。

The room isn’t       _______        hold 100 people.

 (2) He studies hard enough to get good grades. (改为同义句)

He studies       hard ____ he can get good grades.

 (3) She isn’t old enough to look after others. (改为同义句)

She is ___ ______ __ look after others.

2. by mistake错误地; 无意中

Potato chips were invented by mistake. 薯片是无意中被发明的。

Do you know that tea was invented by accident? 你知道茶是无意中被发明的吗?

【归纳】  两种“意外”有不同

【现学现练】

 (1) 抱歉, 我错拿了你的雨伞。

Sorry, I took your umbrella             .

 (2) —Why is she so excited?

—Oh, she met an old friend　　　in Shanghai.

A. by mistake　　　　　　　 B. by air

C. by and by   D. by accident

3. in the end最后; 终于

The customer was happy in the end. 那个顾客最后满意了。

At the end of the street, you’ll see a park. 在这条大街的尽头, 你会看到一座公园。

We must finish the work by the end of this month. 到这个月底为止, 我们必须完成这项工作。

【归纳】

【现学现练】

(1) They walked for two hours, and __   the end, they got to the village.

(2) The children were too tired __ the end of the trip. The old woman seems to like any ______ of square dances.

(3) We will finish all the subjects ___ the end of the year.

4. salty咸的

She doesn’t want to drink the soup because it’s too salty. 她不想喝这个汤因为它太咸。

【归纳】salty为形容词, 意为“       ”, 是由“名词salt+-y”构成的形容词。

【拓展延伸】 “名词+-y”构成的形容词

在英语中, 很多名词后加-y可以构成形容词。例如: cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, rain—rainy, sleep—sleepy。

【现学现练】

(1) She likes　　　cookies. They are hard, dry and easily broken.

A. salty　　　B. sweet　　　C. sour　　　D. crispy

 (2) Old people should not eat the food that is too _____(salt).

(3) —What’s the weather like in your hometown?

—It’s ______(wind).

5. the number of……的数量

The number of foreign players, including Chinese players, in the NBA has increased.

包括中国球员在内, 在NBA打球的外国球员的数量已经增加了。

A number of boy students are playing basketball on the playground. 许多男学生正在操场上打篮球。

【归纳】  

【现学现练】

(1)许多学生参加了这次活动, 但我不知道他们的数量。

___________students took part in this activity. But I don’t know ____________them.

(2)　　　the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are　　　teachers.

A. A number of; women　　　 B. A number of; woman

C. The number of; women  D. The number of; woman

6. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.

同时, 他们需要阻止竞争对手将球投进他们自己的篮筐。

【归纳】stop. . . from. . . 意为“         ”, from后接          形式, stop也可以换为动词prevent或keep。

Nothing can stop/prevent/keep them from playing basketball. 什么也不能阻止他们打篮球。

【现学现练】 (1)The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand　　　to the rich land in the South of China.

A. move　   B. to move

C. from moving  D. moved

(2)You should stop him from ______ (cry)all the time.

7. Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch. 篮球不仅已成为受欢迎的比赛运动, 而且已成为受欢迎的观赏运动。

【归纳】(1)not only. . . but also. . . 意为“             ”, 可以连接两个对等的语法成分。

(2)not only. . . but also. . . 连接两个并列主语时, 谓语动词要遵循“         ”, 即根据but also后面的主语判断谓语动词的数。

(3)not only. . . but also. . . 句型可以和both. . . and. . . 句型进行同义句转换, 但both. . . and. . . 连接两个并列主语时, 谓语动词用          。

(4)not only. . . but also. . . 句型的否定句型为                。

【现学现练】

(1)Not only his parents but also he __ (be)interested in Beijing Opera.

(2)I like not only math but also science. (改为同义句)

I like ____ math ____ science.

(3)Jim is good at not only singing but also dancing. (改为否定句)

Jim is good at _______ singing ____ dancing.

8. divide. . . into. . . 把……分开

Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.

奈史密斯博士将他班里的男生分成两队并教他们玩他的新游戏。

His lecture is divided into three parts.他的演讲分三部分。

【归纳】divide. . . into意为“把……划分为……”, 可以用于被动语态,            意为“被划分为……”。

【现学现练】

(1)英语课上, 我们通常被分为几个小组练习对话。

Usually we ______________some groups to practice conversations in English class.

(2)他把那个苹果分成了两份.

He _______ the apple ____ two pieces.

知识巩固：

Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空

1. The       (popular)of Xiaomi mobile phone is unbelievable.

2. Li Na is one of the most famous tennis      (hero)in China.

3. Her dream is to be a      (profession)singer.

4. The rainstorm stopped them from      (walk)on.

5. Jim has traveled to some big cities in China,       (include)Beijing.

答案： II. 单项选择

1. The bulb was invented　　　Edison.

A. by　　　　  B. in　　　  　 C. for　　  　　D. to

2. Tea was discovered by a Chinese ruler　　　Shen Nong.

A. calls    B. calling    C. call    D. called

3. —　　　was the car invented?

—It was invented in 1885.

A. How    B. Why    C. When   D. Who

4. Our teacher often tells us to be　　　in the exam.

A. careful enough        B. enough careful

C. carefully enough       D. enough carefully

5. Do you know　　　?

A. how the computer is invented

B. how the computer was invented

C. how is the computer invented

D. how was the computer invented

III. 完成句子

1. 他所做的一切都是为了让他的父母高兴。

What he did is to       his parents      .

2. 这封信错误地发到了他这儿。

The letter was sent to him             .

3. 昨天这个厨师往鱼上面撒了许多盐。

The cook      lots of salt      the fish yesterday.

4. 他反复地尝试, 最终成功了。

He tried it again and again, and he succeeded                       .

5. 那个厨师做饭很咸。

The food      by the cook is very      .

6. 我很钦佩我的好朋友。

I                       my good friend.

7. 我们不但要按时完成这项工作, 而且还要把它做好。

We must              finish our work              do it well.

8. 现在私家车的数量增长得很快。

Now                       private cars   increasing quickly.

9. 人们相信中国一定会成为世界强国。

                        China must become a strong country in the world.

10. 我梦想有一天能够周游世界。

I              traveling all over the world one day.

参考答案：

导学设计：

1. 【【归纳】形容词；之后 (1)so that  (2)too ;to answer【现学现练】(1)big enough to(2)so; that (3) too young to

2.  【现学现练】 (1) by mistake (2) D

3. 【归纳】 at last或finally ；at the end of ；到……末为止【现学现练】(1)in(2)at(3)by

4. 【归纳】咸的, 含盐的【现学现练】 (1)D  (2) salty (3)windy

5. 【归纳】(1)单数(2)复数【现学现练】 (1)A number of；the number of (2)C

6. 【归纳】阻止……做……；动词的-ing【现学现练】 (1)C (2)crying

7. 【归纳】(1)不但……而且……(2)就近原则(3)复数(4)neither. . . nor. . . 【现学现练】 (1)is (2)both; and (3)neither; nor

8. 【归纳】be divided into【现学现练】 (1)are divided into (2) divided; into

知识巩固：

I. 1. popularity 2. heroes 3. professional  4. walking 5. including

Ⅱ. 1-5 ADCAB

III. 1. make；happy  2. by mistake  3. put；on 4. in the end5. cooked；salty 6. look up to  7. not only；but also 8. the number of；is 9. It’s believed that  10. dream of