2023届中考英语一轮复习专题练习：专题十二 阅读理解 考点20 选择性阅读（B卷）

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 专题十二 阅读理解 考点20 选择性阅读（B卷）一、    Almost every Chinese person can recite(背诵) the two lines of the famous poem. "Every grain on the plate comes from hard work." But sadly, many of us don’t actually get the real meaning of the lines: Don’t waste food.    A CCTV program reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Do we have too much food? Absolutely not. According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2011, especially in developing countries. Six million children die of hunger every year.    Chinese people are well-known for being friendly and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table. Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food?1. Don’t order too much in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home.2. Don’t leave any food in your bowls, while having meals.3. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don’t buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit.1.What’s the real meaning of the underlined sentence?
A.春种一粒粟,秋收万颗籽 B.谁知盘中餐, 粒粒皆辛苦
C.吏禄三百石,岁晏有余粮 D.足蒸暑土气,背灼炎天光
2.According to the UN report, how many hungry people were there in 2011?
A.6 million. B.925 million. C.200 million. D.725 million.
3.What should we do to waste less food?
A.Order more food in a restaurant.
B.Every time you eat, leave some food in your bowls.
C.Take all the food you ordered home.
D.Don't store too much food like vegetables and fruit.二、    Bob visited Vancouver, Canada alone last year. He went there to give a talk on the environment. When it was over, he travelled to the Rocky Mountains and stayed in the Maple Leaf Hotel. He then took a short walk to look at the local plants in the forest. After a few hours, he knew he took the wrong way, but was sure he could get back to the hotel.    However, after walking for several hours the next day, Bob knew he was in trouble. “I had my mobile phone, but the battery (电池)was almost dead. I could probably make just one call. But I didn’t know the number of my hotel and I didn’t want to let my family worry about me,” said Bob. He went on walking for three more days. He knew which plants he could eat and he had little trouble finding them.    On the fourth day, he knew there was no hope and decided to call his family. “He was quite calm when he spoke to me on the phone,” said Shirley, Bob’s wife. “He seemed to be in control (操控)of the situation.” Shirley called the Maple Leaf Hotel at once. “That week lots of visitors went to the city to watch basketball games, and we thought Mr Rigsby went there too,” said the hotel owner. As soon as Shirley phoned, the hotel sent out some people to look for Bob. They found him about one hour later, and luckily he was quite unhurt.    "I will never go to the forest without a guide. I never want an experience like that again,” said Bob.1.When the talk was over, Bob travelled to Rocky Mountains to ________.
A.watch football games  B.give a talk on travelling
C.find something to eat  D.look at the local plants in the forest
2.The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 2 means ________ in Chinese.
A.兴奋的 B.惭愧的 C.没电的 D.充足的
3.Bob called ________ in the end.
A.his mother B.his wife C.his sister D.his daughter
4.What can we learn about Bob from the passage?
A.He knew what he could eat in the forest.
B.He stayed in the forest for seven days.
C.He didn't like travelling with others.
D.He was seriously hurt in the forest.
5.Which is the best title for the passage?
A.Travelling in the mountains B.An early call
C.An enjoyable experience D.Lost in the forest三、    Once a grandpa and grandson were traveling with their only donkey. The grandfather rode on the donkey, and the grandson walked beside him. When they arrived at the city, the people there criticized(批评) them.    "Is this a grandfather?" they asked. "Would a good grandfather ride his donkey while his grandson walks?" The grandfather and grandson felt embarrassed(尴尬的), so they went on to the next city. Before they arrived, they switched places, hoping that the people of this city would be nicer to them.    The travelers were again met with criticism. “Look at this! A grandson rides on a donkey while his elderly grandfather walks!” Feeling ashamed(羞愧的), they left that city as well.    As they neared their third city, they both rode on the donkey together. This would leave no room for criticism. When they arrived, however, the people said, “Look at that poor donkey! It can hardly walk with two people on!” The grandfather and grandson tried their luck one last time—they both walked beside the donkey. As they walked into the city, the donkey ran away. The people of the city laughed mockingly(讥讽地). Hopeless, the grandfather and grandson understood that it was impossible to please everybody.1.What did the people in the first city think of the grandfather?
A.He wasn't a good grandfather. B.He was a good man.
C.He shouldn't feel embarrassed. D.He was nice to his grandson.
2.What does the underlined word “switch” mean in Paragraph 2?
A.move B.close C.search D.change
3.Who rode on the donkey at the third city?
A.The grandfather.  B.The grandson.
C.Both of them.  D.Neither of them.
4.What happened to the donkey with two people on?
A.It could walk easily.  B.It could hardly walk.
C.It was terribly ill.  D.It walked very fast.
5.What does the story teach us?
A.The young should respect the old. B.We should be nicer to animals.
C.It is hard for the poor to live in a city. D.It is impossible to please everyone all the time.四、    I was on a train in Switzerland(瑞士). Thirty minutes later, the train came to a stop and the conductor’s(乘务员) voice over the loudspeaker delivered a message in German, Italian and French. I’d made the mistake of not learning any of those languages before my vacation. Everyone started getting off the train and an old woman saw that I was confused and stressed. (I had to catch an overnight train to Rome, and I was flying home from there). She could speak some English and told me that an accident had happened on the tracks(轨道). She asked me where I was trying to get to, then went and talked to some workers, and came back to tell me that we’d have to hop(换乘) trains three or four times to get there.    I was really glad she was heading the same way because it would have been impossible for me to figure it out on my own(自己弄清楚). So we went from one train station to the next, getting to know each other along the way. She was really the sweetest woman. It was a 2.5-hour journey in total, and when we made it to the final destination(目的地), we got off and said our goodbyes. I had made it just in time to catch my train to Rome. She told me she had a train to catch as well. I asked her how much farther she had to go and it turned out(结果是) that her home was two hours back the other way. She had jumped from train to train and travelled the whole just to make sure that I made it. I was in shock. A woman spent her whole day sitting on trains and taking her hours away from her home just to help out a confused(迷惑的) tourist visiting her country.    No matter how many countries I visit, I’ll always say the most beautiful country in the world is Switzerland.1.The author had to get off the train at a stop because ______.
A.she got on the wrong train by mistake B.there was an accident on the tracks
C.she couldn't understand the constructor D.an old woman invited her to travel together
2.How many hours did the old woman spend sitting on trains that day?
A.About an hour.  B.About 2.5 hours.
C.About 3 hours.  D.About 5 hours.
3.The old woman travelled the whole way with the author just to ______.
A.make sure the author wouldn't get lost B.practice her English with the author
C.spend time with a foreigner on the train D.show the author around her country
4.What can we infer from the text?
A.The old woman is in Rome, Italy.
B.The author's English is not better than the old woman's.
C.The author thinks people in Switzerland are quite nice.
D.The old woman helped get a ticket to the final destination.五、    Many people like travelling. Travelling is one of the most popular activities during vacations. Modern traffic develops fast, so travelling to different places gets much easier than before.    Staying healthy while travelling can make your trip happier. But do you know how to keep healthy during a trip? The following information may be useful to you.    Before leaving:    ★Wear comfortable shoes, a hat and sunglasses.    ★Take some necessary(必要的) medicines with you. You will need them when you get sick or have other problems.    ★If you do lots of sports like walking or climbing during your trip, you should do some exercises for weeks or months before you leave.    While travelling:    ★Be sure not to eat dirty food or bad fruit.    ★Have enough time to take a rest during your trip.    ★Tap water is not safe, so drink bottled water. When you drink it, remember to clean the cover of the bottle. There may be something dirty on it, for example, dust(灰尘).1.Travelling to different places has become easier because ________.
A.there are more planes to take B.modern traffic develops fast
C.there are fewer people travelling around D.there are more interesting places for travelling
2.You should ________ before you leave your home for a trip.
A.get some medicines  B.clean the cover
C.drink much water  D.wear warm clothes
3.You had better not ________ while you are having a trip.
A.wear sunglasses  B.be too tired
C.wear a hat  D.wear shoes
4.What should you drink while travelling?
A.Tap water.  B.Bottled water.
C.Dirty water.  D.Any water.
5.What's the main idea of the passage?
A.It is about the things we need to do before travelling.
B.It is about the things we should do while travelling.
C.It is about how to keep healthy during a trip.
D.It is about some interesting places for travelling.               答案以及解析一、答案：1-3 BBD解析：1.词句猜测题。根据后句"But sadly, many of us don’t actually get the real meaning of the lines: Don’t waste food."可猜测出,不要浪费食物,也就是说每一粒粮食都来之不易,故下划线句子的真正意思应是:谁知盘中餐, 粒粒皆辛苦。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据文中"According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2011, especially in developing countries."可知,根据联合国的报告,2011年有9亿2500万饥饿人口。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据文中"Don’t buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit."可知,我们不要储存太多的食物,比如蔬菜和水果来减少浪费食物。故选D。 二、答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A; 5.D
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第1段“He then took a short walk to look at the local plants in the forest.”可知,Bob是去山上看当地的植物。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。根据第2段“but the battery (电池)was almost dead. I could probably make just one call.”可知,因为手机电池没电了,所以Bob只能打一个电话。故dead是没电的的意思。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据第3段“he knew there was no hope and decided to call his family. “He was quite calm when he spoke to me on the phone,” said Shirley, Bob’s wife.”可知,Bob最后打电话给他的妻子。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据第2段“He knew which plants he could eat and he had little trouble finding them.”可知,他知道森林里什么植物能吃,而且很轻松就找到了这些植物。故A正确。故选A。
5.最佳标题。根据第4段“I will never go to the forest without a guide. I never want an experience like that again,” said Bob.”;再根据第3段“On the fourth day, he knew there was no hope and decided to call his family.”可知,本文主要讲述了Bob在森林里迷路了,在第4天的时候,打电话给家人求救的故事。故文章的标题为:迷失在森林里。故选D。三、答案：1-5 ADCBD解析：1.细节理解题。根据"Would a good grandfather ride his donkey while his grandson walks?"可知第一个城市的人认为爷爷不是个好爷爷。故选A。
2.词义猜测题。根据"The grandfather rode on the donkey, and the grandson walked beside him."及"Look at this! A grandson rides on a donkey while his elderly grandfather walks!"可知道原本爷爷骑着驴而在到达第二个城市之前换成了孙子骑着驴,switch意为"改变;更换"。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据"As they neared their third city, they both rode on the donkey together."可知在第三个城市,爷孙俩都骑着驴。故选C。
4.细节理解题。根据"It can hardly walk with two people on!"可知被两个人骑着,驴几乎走不动路。故选B。
5.主旨大意题。根据"Hopeless, the grandfather and grandson understood that it was impossible to please everybody."可知文章通过爷孙俩因为谁骑驴而屡次被人们批评的故事告诉我们:要取悦每一个人是不可能的。故选D。 四、答案：1-4 BDAC解析：1.细节理解题。根据"She could speak some English and told me that an accident had happened on the tracks"可知,因为在轨道上发生了一起事故,故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据"It was a 2.5-hour journey in total, and when we made it to the final destination"及"I asked her how much farther she had to go and it turned out(结果是) that her home was two hours back the other way"可知,那天老妇人在火车上坐了大约5个小时,故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据"She had jumped from train to train and travelled the whole just to make sure that I made it"及"A woman spent her whole day sitting on trains and taking her hours away from her home just to help out a confused(迷惑的) tourist visiting her country"可知,老妇人全程陪同作者旅行只是为了确保作者不会迷路,故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据"No matter how many countries I visit, I’ll always say the most beautiful country in the world is Switzerland"可知,结合自身的经历,作者认为瑞士人很友好,故选C。 五、答案：1-5 BABBC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据“Modern traffic develops fast, so travelling to different places gets much easier than before”,可知,因为现代交通工具更快,所以出去旅行更方便,故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据“Before leaving: Take some necessary(必要的) medicines with you”,可知,出行之前随身携带一些必要的药物,故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据“Have enough time to take a rest during your trip”,可知,旅行过程中要有足够的时间休息,不要太疲惫,故选B。
4.细节理解题。根据“Tap water is not safe, so drink bottled water”,可知,旅行中喝瓶装水,故选B。
5.主旨大意题。根据“But do you know how to keep healthy during a trip? The following information may be useful to you”,可知,本文提供了如何在旅行过程中保持健康的建议,故选C。