2023届中考英语一轮复习专题练习：专题十二 阅读理解 考点20 选择性阅读（C卷）

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 专题十二 阅读理解 考点20 选择性阅读（C卷）一、    Eat more healthily. Exercise twice a week. Read more books. Lose weight. We make the same resolutions (决心) every year, but most of us fail, dying out after only a few days or, at most, weeks. Even the most successful among us has difficulty achieving (达到) it when it comes to personal change. President Barack Obama struggles to get out of his cigarette habit.    Professionals who help people make changes in their lives suggest the change is decided by one’s mind. Beginning with small goals or steps usually leads to a better result later, they say. But they notice that the experience is different for everyone.    “People are more likely to make positive (积极的) changes in their lives not only when their friends do, but when their friends of friends do, and when their friends of friends of friends do,” said Nicholas Christakis, a professor of medical sociology (医学社会学) at Harvard University. “People are better able to make changes in their lives-lose weight, give up smoking, become happy- when they do this with a large number of other people, and so using your social network ties can be helpful to your own efforts.”    Johnny Augustin understands that well. His resolution for 2008 was to reduce 30 pounds from his 237-pound frame. But the change didn’t come easily. He said, “I’m a huge procrastinator, I kept putting it off until tomorrow. I didn’t get to do it until the summer.” However, Augustin was encouraged when he saw his older brother working out. Today, Augustin weighs 190 pounds.    “Of course, change can happen only if people don’t set their goals too high or try to deal with too many changes at a time; one of the biggest mistakes we make is setting unrealistic (不现实的) goals, ” said Dalia Lilera, a psychologist at Lesley University, “You can’t achieve in a few weeks what you haven’t achieved in a few years, ”said Lilera.1.From the first paragraph we can infer that ________.
A.change for a person is difficult
B.famous people have great resolutions
C.most people don’t want to change themselves
D.nobody can change himself
2.It is known from Nicholas Christakis that ________.
A.friendship plays an important role in our daily lives
B.people are better able to make changes when they make changes with others
C.friends can easily change our minds about something
D.friends’ support plays a bigger role in one’s success than one’s mind
3.The underlined word “procrastinator” in Paragraph 4 refers to those who ________.
A.decide to make a change
B.are careless and lazy as a habit.
C.put off work especially because of laziness
D.don’t want to do something great
4.According to the passage, Dalia Lilera suggested that ________.
A.people should understand their goals well
B.people should try their best to change themselves
C.people should have confidence and positive habits
D.people should start with setting small goals to meet
5.The passage is mainly about ________.
A.the reason why losing weight is so hard B.the effect of the positive change
C.the attitudes (态度)towards change in life D.the ways of making a change二、    When Wang Haiyan was young, her favorite toys weren't Barbie dolls. Instead, she started learning to make shadow puppets(皮影)from her father at 13. Now 43, Wang has spent 30 years practicing and spreading the art.    Shadow puppetry is a form of theater that uses puppets made from leather(皮)or paper, accompanied(伴奏)by music and singing. It was invented during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 9). It tells us about folk tales and historical stories, passing down culture and customs over thousands of years.    Shadow puppetry is all about creating the puppets and performing with them. Wang's hometown of Hua County, Shanxi, is known as the birthplace of the folk art.    Puppet-makers must follow 24 steps to make the puppets including washing the leather, carving(雕刻) and painting, according to Wang. Carving is the most difficult part.    “We have a special carving skill-moving the leather under the knife,” Wang said. It took Wang three years to master this skill. She used a brick(砖块)to strengthen her left hand while practicing. It takes about 3,000 carves to make a shadow puppet. “The complex(复杂的)steps make it hard to hand down the folk art," she said.    But Wang has found a way to do so. In recent years, she has made shadow puppets based on some cartoon series and given a livestreaming performance. She used colors like blue and purple that were hardly seen in shadow puppetry and added more sticks to the puppets to make the performance livelier. “I hope more and more young people enjoy shadow puppetry and pass it down," she said.1.Making the puppets includes the following steps except ________.
A.painting B.carving C.washing the leather D.making bricks
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A.Where shadow puppetry was invented.
B.What shadow puppetry is.
C.Why people like shadow puppetry.
D.When Wang began to learn shadow puppetry.
3.What does the underlined phrase "hand down" mean in the fifth paragraph?
A.传承 B.提高 C.酷爱 D.放弃
4.Which of the following statements about Wang Haiyan is TRUE?
A.She learned all by herself to make shadow puppets.
B.She didn't master the carving skill until she was 43.
C.She expected more young people to spread shadow puppetry.
D.She was more interested in cartoon series than shadow puppetry.三、    Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other.    It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked(攻击) by insects. The plant gives out chemicals(化学物质) from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: "I'm being attacked!" When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps(黄蜂,蜜蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops.    More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots(根). Corn and chili plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.    Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link(连接) nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi(真菌).They link the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall" to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.    Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to "talk" with them ourselves.1.What will plants do when they are attacked by insects?
A.They will kill the insects by themselves.
B.They will control the wasps to kill the insects.
C.They will send out signals to ask for help.
D.They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help.
2.How is the wood wide web linked by fungi?
A.By making noises with their roots.
B.By connecting the roots of different plants to each other.
C.By sharing food and information with each other.
D.By spreading chemicals to each other.
3.What is the structure of the passage?
A.  B.C.  D.
4.Which is the best title for the passage?
A.The Secret Language of Plants
B.The Study about the Plant Warning System
C.The Plants that Give Warnings
D.Why Scientists Do Research about Plants四、    Two students started quarreling at school. One student shouted dirty words at the other, and a fight began.    What can be done to stop fights like this at school? In some schools, the disputants sit down with peer mediators. Peer mediators are students with special training in this kind of problems.    Peer mediators help the disputants to talk in a friendly way. Here are some of the ways they use.    ●  Put what you think clearly but don’t say anything to hurt the other. Begin with “I feel…” instead of “You always….”    ● Listen carefully to what the other person is saying. Don’t stop the other person’s words.    ● Keep looking at the other person’s eyes when he or she talks.    ● Try to see the other person’s side of the problem.    ● Never put anyone down. Saying things like “You are foolish” makes the talk difficult.    ● Try to find a result that makes both people happy.    Peer mediators never decide the results of the winner. They don’t decide who is right and who is wrong. Instead, they help the two students to find their own “win-win” result. A “win-win” result can make everyone feel good.    Peer mediators’ work is often successful just because it gets people to talk to each other. And getting people to talk to each other is the first step in finding a “win-win” result.1.What can be done when there is a fight at school?
A.The peer mediators and the disputants talk together.
B.The peer mediators decide the winner.
C.The students themselves decide who is the winner.
D.The two students sit down and listen to the peer mediator.
2.Peer mediators’ work is ______.
A.to give lessons to disputants
B.to help find a way to make both sides happy
C.to find out who starts a quarrel
D.to give students some special training
3.What should you do when the other person is speaking?
A.Try to tell him or her what you think.
B.Think who is right and who is wrong.
C.Listen carefully and look at his or her eyes all the time.
D.Ask the peer mediators as many questions as possible.
4.During the talk, if you say “You are lazy” or “I feel angry”, _______.
A.the other person will know he or she is wrong
B.the other person will understand you better
C.it’s easy for you to decide who is right
D.it’s hard for you to get a “win-win” result五、    One of the traditional festivals in China is the Mid-Autumn Festival. It is also known as Moon Festival Zhongqiu Festival or Mooncake Festival. It is held on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese calendar. There are many stories about the festival, and many of them are about Hou Yi and Chang’e.   One of the stories goes like this: in ancient times, there was a hero, Hou Yi, who was excellent at shooting. One year, there were 10 suns in the sky, and the strong heat from them caused a lot of problems for people. Hou Yi shot down nine of the suns and left only one to provide light. After that, many people came to learn shooting from him. Hou Yi later got married to the kind and beautiful Chang’e.   An immortal(神仙)gave Hou Yi a kind of medicine that could make him live forever, but he didn’t want to leave Chang’e, so he let her keep the medicine. On the fifteenth of August, Pang Meng, one of Hou Yi’s students, wanted to take the medicine away when Hou Yi went out, Chang’e didn’t want to give it to him, so she had to take the medicine herself and flew up into the sky. Since she loved her husband very much and hoped to live nearly, she chose to stay on the moon.   When Hou Yi came back and learned about what had happened, he was very sad. He put the fruit and cakes that Chang’e liked in the yard to show her his love. People soon learned about this, and began to copy Hou Yi’s activities. From then on, the custom of enjoying the full moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival was kept.1.What is NOT one of the names of the Mid-Autumn Festival?
A.Zhongqiu Festival  B.The Double Ninth Festival
C.Moon Festival  D.Mooncake Festival
2.When did Pang Meng come to take the medicine?
A.On the thirteenth of August in the lunar calendar.
B.On the fourteenth of August in the lunar calendar.
C.On the fifteenth of August in the lunar calendar.
D.On the sixteenth of August in the lunar calendar.
3. Chang’e took the medicine because__________.
A.She didn’t love Hou Yi any more.
B.She didn’t want to give it to Pang Meng.
C.She wanted to live on the moon
D.She wanted to live longer than his husband.
4.What does this passage mainly talk about?
A.What people eat on Mid-Autumn Festival?
B.Games and activities on Mid-Autumn Festival.
C.How people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival.
D.The origin(由来) of Mid-Autumn Festival.答案以及解析一、答案：1-5 ABCDD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据“Even the most successful among us has difficulty achieving (达到) it when it comes to personal change”,可推知做出个人改变对于大家都很难,故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据Nicholas Christakis所说的话“People are better able to make changes in their lives-lose weight, give up smoking, become happy- when they do this with a large number of other people”,可知他认为人们和别人一起时更容易做出改变,故选B。
3.词义猜测题。根据后文“I kept putting it off until tomorrow. I didn’t get to do it until the summer”说自己习惯推迟要做的事,可推测该词指的是那些有拖延习惯的人,故选C。
4.细节理解题。根据根据Dalia Lilera所说的话“Of course, change can happen only if people don’t set their goals too high or try to deal with too many changes at a time”,可知她建议人们先从设立小目标开始,故选D。
5.文章主旨题。通读全文,可知文章主要介绍了人们在生活中怎样才能促进自己做出改变,故选D。二、答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.A; 4.C
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Puppet-makers must follow 24 steps to make the puppets including washing the leather, carving(雕刻) and painting, according to Wang"可知选D。
2.段落大意题。通读第二段可知,本段介绍了皮影戏是什么、它的发明时间、内容及意义,因此本段主要讲述的是皮影戏的相关知识,故选B。
3.词义猜测题。下一段中提及汪海燕想了一个办法来解决这个问题,最后她说希望越来越多的年轻人喜欢皮影戏并将它传承下去,由此可推知,这里是说,复杂的步骤使传承这种民间艺术变得很困难,故选A。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"I hope more and more young people enjoy shadow puppetry and pass it down"可知,她希望有更多年轻人来传播皮影戏,故C项正确。 三、答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: "I'm being attacked!"可知,当植物受到昆虫的攻击时,就会发生这种情况。植物从被吃掉的叶子中释放出化学物质。这就像是一个警告,或者是一个求救的电话:"我被攻击了!"所以植物被昆虫攻击时会他们会释放出化学物质作为警告或求助。故选D。
2.文章来源题。根据The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi .It links the roots of different plants to each other.可知,木材的网状结构被真菌连接在地下,它把不同植物的根互相连接起来。所以真菌是通过把不同植物的根连在一起,从而将木材网连接起来的。故选B。
3.篇章结构题。根据Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the "wood wide web". Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other.可知,①植物会说话吗?现代研究发现了一个惊人的发现:它们确实能相互交流。②一段时间以来,人们已经知道植物利用化学物质相互交流。③更令人惊讶的是,植物也用声音来交流。③最令人惊讶的是,植物有一个惊人的通讯系统,几乎可以连接森林中的每一种植物。④科学家们每天都在学习更多关于植物相互交流的秘密方式。第一段提出论点植物会说话;第二、三、四段分别论述植物是通过这几种方式相互交流的;第四段也就是最后一段UOL总论述。所以这篇文章的结构是总--分--总。故选B。
4.标题归纳题。根据  Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other.Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to "talk" with them ourselves.可知,科学家们每天都在学习更多关于植物相互交流的秘密方式,也许有一天我们会对植物的交流有足够的了解,能够自己和它们"交流"。所以这篇文章的最佳标题是植物的秘密语言。故选A。 四、答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D
解析：1.细节题。根据文章第二段第二句 In some schools, the disputants sit down with peer mediators 以及第三段第一句 Peer mediators help the disputants to talk in a friendly way 可知,学校中发生争斗时,同伴调解员将帮助争论的双方以一种友好的方式交谈,所以说是同伴调解员与争论双方一起进行交谈。故正确答案为A。
2.细节题。根据文章第九段 Try to find a result that makes both people happy 可知,同伴调解员的工作是找到一个让双方都高兴的结果。故正确答案为B。
3.细节题。根据文章第五段第一句 Listen carefully to what the other person is saying 以及第六段 Keep looking at the other person's eyes when he or she talks 可知,当别人在讲话时,要仔细聆听并且看着别人的眼睛,C项符合文意。故正确答案为C。
4.推断题。根据第八段第二句 Saying things like "You are foolish" makes the talk difficult 以及文章最后一段最后一句 And getting people to talk to each other is the first step in finding a "win-win" result 可知,说类似“你很愚蠢”的话会使谈话难以进行以致无法达到双赢的结果,故D项符合文意。A项意为“别人将知道他或她错了”,B项意为“别人将更好的理解你”,C项意为“你很容易决定谁是对的”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。 五、答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D
解析：1.细节理解题。由第一段中 It is also known as Moon Festival, Zhongqiu Festival or Mooncake Festival. 可知答案,故选B。
2.细节理解题。由第一段中 It is held on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese calendar. 可知答案,故选C。
3.细节理解题。由第三段中Pang Meng, one of Hou Yi's students, wanted to take the medicine away when Hou Yi went out. Chang'e didn't want to give it to him, so she had to take the medicine herself and flew up into the sky. 可知答案,故选B。
4.主旨大意题。由第一段中There are many stories about the festival, and many of them are about Hou Yi and Chang'e.可知文章介绍了中秋节的由来。故选D。