2023届中考英语一轮复习专题练习：专题十一 完形填空 考点19 科普说明类（B卷）

这是一份2023届中考英语一轮复习专题练习：专题十一 完形填空 考点19 科普说明类（B卷），共7页。试卷主要包含了完形填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、
New research shws that peple wh read a lt live lnger. The study 1 ut by researchers in the USA. The researchers said 2 keeps the mind active, helps reduce 3 and makes us take better care f ur 4 . The researchers said that 5 help the brain mre than newspapers and magazines, 6 any kind f reading will help us t live lnger. Even reading fr half an hur a day culd help us t live 7 . In the study, researchers made a 8 abut the lifestyles f 3,500 persns ver 12 years. They lked at 9 reading habits, health, lifestyle and their educatin. All f the peple were 10 50 years ld at the start f the research.
The study shwed that peple 11 read fr up t 3.5 hurs a week were 17 percent less likely t 12 than thse wh read n bks. Researcher Becca Levy suggested peple 13 mre time reading instead f watching TV t live lnger. She said: "Peple ver the age 14 65 spend an average f 4.4 hurs per day watching TV. ​ 15 they read bks in their free time, they'll benefit a lt."
1. A. carriedB. was carriedC. was carrying D. is carried
2. A. speakingB. listeningC. writingD. reading
3. A. stressB. wasteC. mvementD. csts
4. A. wrkB. sleepC. healthD. study
5. A. exercisesB. bksC. lettersD. emails
6. A. butB. sC. andD. r
7. A. lngB. lngerC. shrtD. shrter
8. A. surveyB. mistakeC. speechD. jke
9. A. urB. yurC. theirD. his
10. A. at leastB. at mstC. at lastD. at first
11. A. whmB. whseC. whichD. wh
12. A. dieB. liveC. thinkD. stay
13. A. paidB. cstC. spentD. used
14. A. frB. fC. abveD. under
15. A. IfB. ThughC. BecauseD. Unless
二、
Are yu shy? If yu are, yu are nt alne. In fact, nearly 50% f peple are shy, and almst 80% feel shy at sme pint in their lives. Why are peple 1 ?
It is fund that family size might 2 peple t be shy. Children with n brthers r sisters may be shy. Grwing up 3 , they ften play by themselves. They are nt able t develp the same scial skills as children frm big 4 .
Anther cause f shyness culd be 5 . As mre and mre peple use the Internet, they 6 less time utside, talking t peple. As a result, they lse practice at cnversatin. 7 t new peple face t face can make them feel nervus.
Fr shy peple, it can be 8 t make friends, speak in class, and even get a gd jb. But scientists say yu can 9 yur shyness. They suggest trying 10 things and practicing cnversatin.
Anyway, dn't be afraid f shyness-yu are valued fr what yu are!
1. A. excited B. shy C. happy D. brave
2. A. remind B. teach C. guide D. cause
3. A. quickly B. happily C. alne D. abrad
4. A. cuntries B. cities C. teams D. families
5. A. duty B. safety C. technlgy D. educatin
6. A. design B. spend C. cllect D. save
7. A. Ndding B. Running C. Jumping D. Speaking
8. A. difficult B. safe C. harmful D. surprising
9. A. run int B. lk fr C. get ver D. depend n
10. A. new B. private C. awful D. heavy
三、
The elephant is the biggest fur-legged animal in the wrld. It’s als, perhaps, the gentlest, 1 nt always.
Elephants are like us in sme ways. They live fr a lng time一fifty r sixty years. They can 2 things very well. They never frget great sadness r happiness. If a female (雌的)elephant 3 , her daughters and giand daughters will be sad fr many mnths. They stay with the dead bdy. Then they carry a bit f it away with them. They als never frget a 4 friend.
Elephants are like us,but they’re als 5 .They live in families—families f females (母系家族). There will be a few yung males一"baby bys". But they will sn be 6 away by their mthers r sisters. An elephant family 7 nly its daughters, mthers, grandmthers and great-grandmthers in.
The female elephants stay tgether fr fifty, sixty r even a hundred years. The elderly elephants 8 the yung nes. The mthers teach their daughters and set a gd example. And what happens t male elephants? Well, the yung males stay with their mthers fr a time. Then they must 9 the family. The female elephants just send them away. A male elephant des nt ften have a friend. He lives 10 ,away frm the family, and away frm ther bulls.
1 A. and B. but C. s D. because
2.A. remember B. practise C. talk D. change
3.A. is hurt B. is caught C. lses D. dies
4.A. terrible B. bad C. yung D. dear
5.A. different B. same C. special D. ppular
6.A. thrwn B. sent C. kicked D. psted
7.A. hpes B. tells C. allws D. frightens
8.A. lk at B. carry ut C. lk after D. take away
9.A. leave B. stay C. hear D. walk
10.​A. sadly B. hard C. alne D. nisily
四、
Accrding t a new study, children wh spend a large amunt f 1 with their fathers have higher IQs. The research 2 shws that attentin frm their fathers in the early life can influence children’s future. The researchers said that men tended t (倾向于) pay mre attentin t their 3 than their daughters.
The researchers warned that it was nt 4 fr parents t live tgether, but that a father shuld take an active part in a child’s life t 5 a child’s develpment.
The study lked at ver 11,000 British men and wmen 6 in 1958. The scientists asked the 7 hw ften their husbands tk part in activities with the kids, 8 reading, rganizing trips and general "quality time (开心时光）".
The findings 9 that the children whse fathers spent mre time with them had a higher IQ and were 10 at cmmunicatin with thers than thse wh had received little attentin.
1. A.daysB.hurs C.timeD.weeks
2. A.as wellB.als C.tD.either
3. A.sisters B.brthers C.snsD.neighbr
4. A.clever B.gd C. stupidD.enugh
5. A.imprveB.change C.makeD.keep
6. A.livedB.wrked C.brnD.studied
7. A.mthers B.fathers C.parentsD.children
8. A.included B.besides C. including D.except
9. A.get B.like C.catchD.shw
10. A.wrseB.faster C.betterD.happier
答案以及解析
一、答案：1-5 BDACB 6-10 ABACA 11-15 DACBA
解析：1.一般过去时，句子主语为carry的逻辑宾语，用被动语态。故选B。
2.由上下文可判断，阅读可让人头脑清醒。
3.阅读可减少压力。故选A。
4.阅读有利于健康。 health意为"健康"，符合句意。
5.由下文中的 wh read n bks可判断，阅读书籍比阅读报纸和杂志对大脑更有好处。
6.上下文可转折，故用转折连词but填写。
7.由下文内容可判断，阅读可延长生命。
8.由下文内容可判断，他们做了调查。make a survey abut...意为"关于……做调查"。
9.句子主语为they，其形容词性物主代词为their。
10.这些人至少50岁。 at least意为"至少；最少"。
11.所填写词引导定语从句修饰先行词 peple，在从句中作主语，故用wh。
12.发现在这十二年研究中，每周阅读达到3.5小时的被调查者比不阅读者的死亡率低17%。故填写die。
13. sth.意为"花费……做某事"。
14. the age f...固定词组。
15.所填写词引导的句子表条件，且意为"如果"，故用if。
二、答案：1-5 BDCDC 6-10 BDACA
解析：1.考查形容词词义辨析。excited激动的; shy害羞的; happy高兴的; brave勇敢的。本文谈论的就是"害羞"。因此这里作者设问 "人们为什么害羞呢？"故选B。
2.考查动词词义辨析。remind提醒; teach教; guide引导; cause引起。上文提出设问"人们为什么害羞", 现在提出第一个原因: 据发现, 家庭大小或许会引起人们害羞。故选D。
3.考查副词词义辨析。从上文"Children with n brthers and sisters may be shy."知, 没有兄弟姐妹的孩子或许害羞。没有兄弟姐妹的孩子会独自长大, 独自玩耍。故选C。
4.考查名词词义辨析。cuntry国家; city城市; team队伍; family 家庭。本段说的是, 规模太小的家庭的孩子或许就会害羞。这些孩C子就不能形成与来自大家庭的孩子一样的社交技能。故选D。
5.考查名词词义辨析。duty职责; safety安全; technlgy技术; educatin教育。从下文提及孩子宅在家里上网的信息知, 引起害羞的另外一个原因是"科技"。故选C。
6.考查动词词义辨析。design设计; spend花费; cllect收集; save 拯救, 节省。由于越来越多的人使用因特网, 他们会花费更少的时间在外面并与人交流。故选B。
7.考查动词词义辨析。nd点头; run跑; jump跳; speak说。从上文"talking t peple"知, 这里说的是: 结果, 他们就失去训练会话的机会, 于是与新认识的人面对面说话可能就会使得他们感到紧张。故选D。
8.考查形容词词义辨析。difficult困难的; safe安全的; harmful有害的; surprising令人惊讶的。根据常识, 害羞的人在交朋友、上课发言甚至找到一个好工作都会很难。故选A。
9.考查动词短语辨析。run int闯入, 撞到; lk fr寻找; get ver 克服; depend n依赖。害羞的人交友、课堂上发言、找到好的工作都比较难。但科学家说, 害羞的性格是可以克服的。故选C。
10.考查形容词词义辨析。new新的; private私有的; awful可怕的, 糟糕的; heavy重的。如果要克服害羞的性格, 科学家建议去尝试新的东西然后训练对话。故选A。
三、答案：BADDA BCCAC
解析：1.B根据the gentlest和nt always可知前后内容之间是转折关系，故选B项。
2.A 根据"They never frget great sadness r happiness."可知此处指的是它们能很好地记住东西。故选a项。
3.D根据下文They slay with the dead bdy可知此处指如果一头母象死了。故选d项。
4.D terrible意为可怕的；bad意为坏的 ：yung意为年轻 ；dear意为亲爱的。结合语境可知此处指它们也从来不会 忘记一个亲爱的朋友。故选D项。
5.A根据前一分句Elephants are like us以及but可知，此处指"不同的"。故选A项。
6.B根据最后一段中的"The female elephants just send them away."可知此处指的是它们很快会被送走。send sb away意为 "送走某人;打发走某人"，故选B项。
7.空根据语境可知，此处指的是在大象的家庭里只允许有雌性成 员，故选C项。
8.C lk at 意为看；carry ut 意为"实行 ; lk after 意为照顾;照管；take away意为夺走;拿走。结合语境可知，此处指 的是年长的象照顾小象，故选C项。
9.A 根据下文的The female elephants just send them away可知 此处指的是它们必须离开家庭。故选A项。
10.C 根据后面的 away frm the family，and away frm ther bulls可知此处指的是雄象独自生活。故选C项。
四、答案：CBCDA CACDC
解析：1.C 由最后一段中的"the children whse fathers spent mre time with them had a higher IQ"可知，这里应选time，表示"那些花大量时间和父亲在一起的孩子有更高的智商"。
2.B as well和t意为"也"，常用于句末;either可用作副词，意为"也"，常用于否定句的句末;als是副词，意为"也"，用于 肯定句中,位置在be/情态动词/助动词之后，实义动词前， 故选B。
3.C男人们在儿子身上倾注的注意力比在女儿身上倾注的更多。与daughters对应的单词应为sns。
4.D联系生活常识可知，这里指调查者们提醒说，家长们仅仅一起生活是不够的(enugh)，故选D。
5.A联系常识可知，父亲积极地参与孩子的生活有助于孩子的发展. imprve"提高，促进"，符合语境。change"改变"； make"制造"；keep"保持"。
6.C这个调查研究了 1958年出生的11 000多名英国的男女.
7.A联系空格后的"their husbands"可知选A。
8.C科学家们询问这些母亲她们的丈夫和孩子一起参加活动的频率.包括读书、组织旅行和寻常的
“开心时光”。included 意为"（被）包括"，常用作后置定语修饰名词，且与其前所修 饰的名词之间存在被动关系；besides意为"除……之外（还有）"，表不对前面提到的人或事物进行补充；including意 为"包括……在内"；except意为"（用于所言不包括的人或事物前）除……之外"。故选C。
9.D由空后的结论可知，这里是说研究发现表明的结果，故选D。
10.C联系短文首句可知本句句意:结果显示那些与父亲一起度过更多时间的孩子比那些几乎不受关注的孩子拥有更高的智商，而 且更善于和他人沟通. be gd at sth.意为"擅长某事"，由下文中的than可知选C。