中考一轮复习初中英语语法之句子种类

初中英语语法之句子种类句子种类句子按说话目的可分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句考点：陈述句的肯定结构和否定结构。在肯定结构中，谓语动词不含否定词；否定结构是在系动词、助动词或情态动词后加not，除了not外，其他否定词，如no, hardly, never, neither, nor等，也可以构成否定句。【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题1. I was playing with my phone when my mother came in. (改为否定句)I _______ _______ with my phone when my mother came in.2. She often reads with her daughter in the evening.  (改为否定句)She _______ often _______ with her daughter in the evening.3. Ellen has already bought some flowers. (改为否定句)Ellen _______ bought any flowers _______.疑问句疑问句用来提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句。《义务教育英语课程标准》要求同学们掌握前三种。考点一：一般疑问句。一般疑问句通常将系动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语前构成。一般疑问句用Yes或No来回答，其回答常用简略答语。注意：回答否定式的一般疑问句时，答语中的Yes和No的含义与其汉语意思恰好相反，意为“不”和“是的”。【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题1. The Browns were watching TV when they got the phone call last night. (改为一般疑问句)_______ the Browns _______ TV when they got the phone call last night?2. Dr Ma laid his papers on the desk for the young doctors to study. (改为一般疑问句)_______ Dr Ma _______ his papers on the desk for the young doctors to study?3. Didn’t he see you just now?  (根据句意做出肯定或否定回答)_______, he _______. He said hello to me.考点二：特殊疑问句。1. 以疑问词开始，以寻求信息为目的的句子叫特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时，不能用Yes或No，而要根据实际情况回答。2. 常用的疑问词有：疑问代词what, which, who, whose, whom；疑问副词when, where, why, how；疑问词组how soon, how long, how far, how often, how old, how many, how much, what class, what time, what color等。3. 特殊疑问句的结构：“疑问词(不作主语)+一般疑问句语序?”或“疑问词(作主语)+谓语+其他?”。考点三：选择疑问句。选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上情况，用or连接。回答时不能用Yes或No，而要根据选择的情况进行回答。【考例链接】按要求完成下列各题1. Lee has helped the local people sell their products since he returned to his hometown.  (对划线部分提问)_______ _______ has Lee helped the local people sell their products?2. People will have robots at home in 20 years. (对划线部分提问)_______ _______ will people have robots at home? 3. Uncle Zhu is making a vegetable salad for dinner now.  (对划线部分提问)_______ _______ Uncle Zhu making for dinner now?4. I improved my Chinese a lot with the teachers’ help. (对划线部分提问)_______ _______ you improve your Chinese a lot?5. —Do you want to join the chess club or the football club? (根据句意做出回答)—______________. I like playing football.祈使句考点一：肯定式祈使句的肯定式以动词原形开头，祈使句的主语一般都是第二人称you，但往往省略。有时为了强调对方时，可以写出主语you或人名。为了使语气变得委婉、客气，可在句首或句末加上please。考点二：否定式在动词原形前加don’t构成否定的祈使句。考点三：祈使句+and / or+分句在句型“祈使句+and / or+分句”中，祈使句相当于条件状语从句。【考例链接】Ⅰ. 单项选择( )1._______ noise pollution, and we can live in a quiet environment.A. PreventB. PreventingC. PreventedD. To prevent( )2._______ on the grass. It’s a rule of the park.A. StepB. Don’t stepC. To stepⅡ. 按要求完成下列各题1. You shouldn’t walk across the road when the light is red.  (改为祈使句)_______ _______ across the road when the light is red!2. You shouldn’t tell lies to others and learn to be honest! （改为祈使句)_______ _______ lies to others and learn to be honest!感叹句感叹句表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈的感情，一般由what或how引导，句末常用感叹号。考点一：what引导的感叹句。what修饰名词，它引导的感叹句有三种句型：1. What + a / an +形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+其他)!2. What +形容词+复数可数名词(+主语+其他)!3. What +形容词+不可数名词(+主语+其他)!考点二：how引导的感叹句。how修饰形容词或副词，它引导的感叹句的句型为：How +形容词 / 副词(+主语+其他)!【考例链接】Ⅰ. 单项选择( )1.—_______ different life is today!—Yeah. We are all living a happy and rich life now.A. What aB. HowC. What( )2._______ nice weather it is! Let’s go for a picnic, Frank.A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a( )3._______ special classes we had! We have learned a lot about paper cutting.A. WhatB. What aC. How aD. HowⅡ. 按要求完成下列各题1.Holly’s mother made delicious zongzi yesterday. (改为感叹句)_______ _______ zongzi Holly’s mother made yesterday!2.The volunteer worked hard to get more kids back to school. (改为感叹句)_______ _______ the volunteer worked to get more kids back to school!3.What beautiful flowers they are! (改为感叹句)_______ _______ the flowers are!综合训练【考例链接】完成句子1. 通往成功的道路是多么艰难！_______ difficult the road to _______ is!2. 不要在走廊里互相追逐。Don’t ____________ each other in the hallways.3. 她多久整理一次卧室？___________________________________________4. 你曾经去过长城吗？__________________________________________? 5. 我们在九月份庆祝教师节。(celebrate)___________________________________________ 图片参考答案 陈述句 1. wasn’t playing 2. doesn’t; read  3. hasn’t; yet疑问句考点一：1. Were; watching 2. Did; lay  3. Yes; did考点二、考点三：1. How long 2. How soon  3. What is  4. How did5. The football club祈使句Ⅰ. 1-2 ABⅡ. 1. Don’t walk  2. Don’t tell感叹句Ⅰ. 1-3 BAAⅡ. 1. What delicious 2. How hard  3. How beautiful综合训练1. How; success 2. run after3. How often does she tidy up her bedroom?4. Have you ever been to the Great Wall?5. We celebrate Teachers’ Day in September.