2023中考非谓语动词——动词不定式专题冲刺（含答案）

2023中考非谓语动词——动词不定式专题冲刺（含答案） 一、定义 不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定性动词。  二、形式 1. 动词不定式（to do sth. ） 2. 动名词（v. -ing） 3. 分词：现在分词（v. -ing)、过去分词（v. -ed或不规则变化）  动词不定式考点一：不定式的构成 1.不定式的构成 （1）构成：to do（动词原形） （2）否定形式：not+to+do（动词原形） 2.不定式特点 （1）不定式没有人称和数的变化 （2）动词不定式具有动词的功能，可以跟宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 如：to buy a computer, to go with me, to see me等。  考点二：不定式的用法 （一）作主语不定式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，有时为了使句子平衡，常把不定式后置，而用代词it作形式主 语代替它的位置。如： To learn English well is very useful. = It’s very useful to learn English well. 学好英语很有用。 常用的句型有：   【对点练习1】 一．单项选择 It’s clever_________you to give up smoking. A.for B.of C.to D.with  B  It’s important for us__________the environment. A.protect B.protecting C. protected D.to protect D  It took Uncle Tom________cleaning his house. A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished B  （二）作宾语 不定式作宾语的句型有三个： （1）及物动词+不定式（做宾语） 如：want to do常跟不定式作宾语的动词：▲注意：不定式的to不可省略。如： I want/would like to watch the football match. 我想看足球比赛。 He can’t afford to buy the expensive car. 他买不起那辆昂贵的车。 （2）如果宾语是一个不定式短语，常常把不定式后置，而用it代替它的位置作形式宾语。即是“sb. find/think.. it + adj.+ to do sth.”。如： I find it difficult to fall asleep. 我发现很难入睡。 Max found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况很重要。 （3）动词+疑问句+不定式 如：decide which one to do sth. 常接疑问句+不定式作宾语的动词有：tell, ask, show, decide, know, understand, wonder，如： I don’t know what to say at the meeting. 我不知道在会议上该说什么。 （4）在but（除了）/except（除了）等少数介词的后面可以用带to的不定式作宾语；但如果but/except 前有实意动词do的某个形式，则but/except后的不定式省略to。 如： I had no choice but to work hard. 我除了努力工作，别无选择。 There is nothing left to do but lie down and sleep. 除了躺下睡觉，无事可做了。  【对点练习2】 一．单项选择 He refused________me the truth. A.told B.to tell C.telling D.tell B  I find it useful________English well. A.learning B.learn C.to learn D. to learning C  Do you know__________this kind of MP4? A.where to buy B.to buy where C.where buy D. where buying A （三）作宾语补足语： 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语要做什么 常用句型： （1）ask sb.（not）to do sth. 常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词，还可用tell, want, agree, allow, encourage, advise, invite, teach, expect, choose，warn, order等动词。如： The doctor told him to drink more water. 医生叫他多喝水。 （2）有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to：feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have（简记为四看三让两听一感觉）。 ▲注意：上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上“to”。 The boy made the whole class laugh. = The whole class were made to laugh by the boy. 这个男孩使全班大笑起来。 【对点练习3】 一．单项选择 The doctor advised him_________smoking. A.give up B. gave up C.giving up D.to give up D  Tom likes singing. We often hear him_________in the room. A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sang A  我想知道怎样使用这台机器。 _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ I want to know/wander how to use the machine.  （三）作宾语补足语： 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语要做什么 常用句型： （1）ask sb.（not）to do sth. 常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词: 还可用tell, want, agree, allow, encourage, advise, invite, teach, expect, choose，warn, order等动词。如： The doctor told him to drink more water. 医生叫他多喝水。（2）有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to：feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have（简记为四看三让两听一感觉）。 ▲注意：上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上“to”。 The boy made the whole class laugh. = The whole class were made to laugh by the boy. 这个男孩使全班大笑起来。  【对点练习3】 一．单项选择 The doctor advised him_________smoking. A.give up B. gave up C.giving up D.to give up D   Tom likes singing. We often hear him_________in the room. A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sang A  He was seen___________into the building. A.to go B. go C.going D. went  A  二．翻译句子 我妈妈允许我周末可以单独出去。 _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ My mother allows me to go outside alone on the weekend. 他们经常听到隔壁有个女孩在哭。 _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ They often hear a girl cry in the next room. 由于考试，Mr Smith要他的儿子不要看足球赛。 _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Because of the exam, Mr Smith asked his son not to watch the football match.  （四）作状语：不定式作状语，表示目的、程度或结果 （1）不定式作状语表示目的时可放在句首或句尾。 To learn English well, you must study hard every day. = You must study hard every day to learn English well. 为了学好英语，你必须每天努力学习。（表目的） （2）当用作程度、结果状语从句时常与副词enough或too连用。 ①“too +adj.+ to do sth.”表示“太...以至于不能...” He was too excited to say anything. 他兴奋得什么也讲不出来。（表结果） ②“adj. + enough to do sth.”表示“足够...去做...” He is old enough to go to school. 他到了上学的年龄了。（表程度）  【对点练习4】 一．单项选择  _______fit, he does morning exercises every day. A.To keep B.Keeping C.Keep D.To keeping  A  His father is too weak_______the big stone. A.carry B.to carry C.carrying D. carried B  ________, you need to give all you have and try your best. A. Being a winner B. To be a winner C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner B 二．翻译句子 44 为了保持健康，他每天打一个小时的排球。 _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ To keep fit/healthy, he plays volleyball for an hour every day.  他太累了而不能帮助他的妈妈洗碗。 _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ He was too tired to help his mother wash dishes.  这个小男孩够聪明而能回答这个难题。 ____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ The little boy was clever enough to answer the difficult problem.   （五）作定语 （1）不定式作定语，通常放在名词或代词之后，作后置定语。如： I have much work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。 （2）如果被修饰词有序数词、最高级或no, any, all等限定，则不定式与被修饰词为逻辑上的主动关系。 He is always the first one to get up. 他总是第一个起床。 （3）如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有被动关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 Please give me some paper to write on. 请给我一些纸来写。 I have no room to live in. 我没有房子住。 ▲注意：如果不定式修饰time，place, way，可以省略介词。 He has no place to live. 他没有地方住。 【对点练习5】 Would you like something__________? A.to drink B.drink C.drinking D.to drinking  A   I have no chair__________. A.live on B.to live C.to live on D. living C  49 There’s no need__________for a doctor. A. to send B. send C. sending D. sent A （六）不定式的常用句型 带to的不定式句型不带to的不定式句型 【对点练习6】 你出了很多错误。为什么不把它们写下来呢？ You have made many mistakes. __________________________? Why not write them down?  每天听听英语歌是个好主意。 It’s a good idea __________________ English songs every day. to listen to  看卡通片的时间到了。 ____________________________ a cartoon. It’s time to watch  我发现学英语很有趣。 I find it____________________________. interesting to learn English  保护环境对我们来说是很重要的。 ______________for us______________ the environment. It’s important to protect