人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Section A导学案

Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?

Section A

教材知识全解 讲透知识 查漏补缺

知识点一 have been to的用法

教材原文Have you ever been to a science museum?你曾经去过科学博物馆吗?

本句是现在完成时的一般疑问句形式,have been to 意为“曾经去过某地(现在已经回来)”,have been to可以和ever、never以及表示次数的词或短语(once, twice, three times)等搭配.

I have ever been to Nanjing.我曾经去过南京.

We have been to London twice.我们去过伦敦两次.

辨析 have been to, have gone to, have been in

I have been to the US twice.我去过美国两次了.

You can't see her because she has gone to Hainan.你见不到她,因为她去海南了.

I have been in this city for about ten years.我已经在这个城市待了近十年了.

例1 (2020天津和平区耀华嘉诚国际中学线上测试)My English teacher________ to many countries, so she knows a lot of different cultures.

解析 句意:我的英语老师已经去过许多国家了,所以她了解很多不同的文化.have gone to是“去了某地(人还没回来)”;have been to是“去过某地(人已经回来了)”.由句意可知选A.

答案 A

知识点二 反意疑问句的用法

教材原文 It's really interesting, isn't it?它很有趣,不是吗?

本句是一个反意疑问句.反意疑问句的特点是“前否后肯,前肯后否”,而且附加问句部分的主语及动词形式要与陈述部分一致.

回答反意疑问句和回答一般疑问句一样,肯定回答用“Yes,主语＋肯定结构”;否定回答用“No,主语＋否定结构”.答语都要与事实情况一致.当陈述部分是否定句时,答语中的Yes译成“不”,No译成“是”.

-You don't like classical music, do you?你不喜欢古典音乐,是吗?

-Yes, I do.不,我喜欢.

-No, I don't.是的,我不喜欢.

注意如果陈述部分含有few、little、never、hardly、seldom等否定词时,附加问句部分要用肯定结构.

She hardly goes swimming, does she?她几乎不去游泳,是吗?

Your mother has never been to London, has she?你妈妈从来没有去过伦敦,是吗?

例2 (2020黑龙江绥化中考)Bob has few friends in his new school, ________?

解析 句意:鲍勃在他的新学校几乎没有朋友,是吗?反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”的原则,前面含有否定词few,后面的附加问句用肯定形式,故答案选B.

答案 B

知识点三 名词 invention的用法

教材原文 I learned about the inventions that led to color movies, too.我也了解了一些发明,它们成就了彩色电影.

invention 作名词,意为“发明;发明物”,是可数名词,也可以作不可数名词,意为“创意;创造力”.

The dishwasher is a wonderful invention.洗碗机是一项极好的发明.

With such power of invention, he should get a job easily.他创造力这么强,应该很容易找到工作.

拓展同根词

invent v.发明

inventor n. 发明者-or是名词后缀,表示“······者”

invention n.发明;发明物-ion是名词后缀

例3(2020新疆中考)根据汉语提示完成单词,使句子完整、通顺.

For modern society, the computer is a great________ (发明).

解析 句意:对于现代社会而言,电脑是一个伟大的发明.根据空前的不定冠词a可知此处应填名词单数形式,故填invention.

答案 invention

知识点四 progress的用法

教材原文 It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way!科技以如此迅速的方式发展,这让人难以置信！

progress是动词,意为“进步;进展”.progress 还可以作名词,意为“进步;进展”,是不可数名词make progress 意为“取得进步”

You can make progress only if you are modest.只有谦虚你才能取得进步.

例4 -Mr. Yang, your son has made great________ in his studies.

-I'm glad to hear that. You are an excellent teacher, thanks.

解析 句意:-杨先生,你儿子在学业上取得了很大进步.-听到这个(消息)我很高兴.你是一位优秀的老师,谢谢您.A项意为“成功”;B项意为“发展”;C项意为“美丽”;D项意为“进步”.由句意可知选D.

答案 D

知识点五 encourage的用法······全练版P77

教材原文 It also encourages governments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets in the future.它还鼓励政府和社会团体为将来改善厕所想办法.

encourage 是动词,意为“鼓励”.encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”.

You take measures to encourage them to get rich.你们采取措施来鼓励他们致富.

拓展 同根词:courage n.勇气

We admire him for his courage.我们都钦佩他的勇气.

例5 (2020天津和平区期中)The teacher encouraged the children________ loudly in front of the people.

解析 句意:老师鼓励孩子们在人前大声说话.encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”.

答案 B