【寒假自学】2023年人教版(2019)高二英语（选择性必修第一--三册）-第16讲 语法过关一（谓语动词及非谓语动词） 寒假精品讲学案

这是一份【寒假自学】2023年人教版(2019)高二英语（选择性必修第一--三册）-第16讲 语法过关一（谓语动词及非谓语动词） 寒假精品讲学案，文件包含寒假自学2023年人教版2019高二英语-第16讲语法过关一谓语动词及非谓语动词解析版docx、寒假自学2023年人教版2019高二英语-第16讲语法过关一谓语动词及非谓语动词原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共33页， 欢迎下载使用。

【学习目标】
复习 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
复习 非谓语动词
高考语法知识回馈
谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中， 最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时， 其他时态考查相对较少。因此备考重点是：
①动词时态的基本用法 ②动词语态的基本用法 ③主谓一致
高频考点突破
动词时态的知识网络(以动词d为例)
1.一般时态
(1)一般现在时
①表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。
②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。
③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll write t her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。
(2)一般过去时
①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。
We ften played basketball tgether.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。
②时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。
He said he wuld tell her the news as sn as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
单句语法填空
①The 80，000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, (frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum which/that pened in 1759.
②The unmanned Chang’e－4 prbe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess— (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple－Aitken basin.
③When/As he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and (pint) dwn the river.
④New methds (mean)that fewer peple wrked in farming
⑤While running regularly can’t make yu live frever，the review says it (be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling r swimming.
⑥Sarah says，“My dad thinks I shuld take the ffer nw.But at the mment，schl (cme) first.I dn’t want t get t absrbed in mdeling.”
2．进行时态
(1)现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词)
①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He is wrking n a paper.他在写一篇论文。
②与always，ften等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。
The girl is always talking alud in public.这个女孩总是在公众场合大声说话。
③表示位置转移的动词可用进行时代替将来时。这样的动词有g，cme，start，leave，arrive，begin，return等。
I’m leaving fr Beijing next mnth.我下个月要去北京。
(2)过去进行时(was/were＋现在分词)
过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He was reading an interesting bk this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他在读一本有趣的书。
(3)将来进行时(will/shall＋be＋现在分词)表示将来某时或某一时段正在进行的动作，常表示事情的正常发展。
I’ll be ding sme husewrk tmrrw afternn.明天下午我将要干些家务活。
3．将来时态
(1)一般将来时
①“will/shall＋动词原形”表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。
I shall call yu as sn as I arrive.我一到就给你打电话。
They will prbably g t Shanghai fr their hliday.他们可能去上海度假。
②一般将来时的常用结构
Dn’t wrry abut the exam.I’m sure yu’ll pass.不要担心这次考试，我确信你会通过的。
If yu ask him, he will help yu.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮助你的。
③表示一般将来时的特殊结构
He is ging t speak n TV this evening.他今晚要在电视上讲话。
Lk at the dark cluds.It is ging t rain.看这些乌云，要下雨了。
When are yu t leave/leaving fr hme?你什么时候回家？
The train is abut t start.火车就要开了。
(2)过去将来时(shuld/wuld＋动词原形)
①过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未来”的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中。
He said he wuld be here at eight ’clck.他说他将在八点钟到这里。
②三种表示过去将来时的特殊结构
I thught it was ging t rain.我当时觉得要下雨。
He tld me he was t get married the next week.
他告诉我他下周结婚。
4．完成时态
(1)现在完成时(have/has＋过去分词)
①表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在(甚至到将来)。常与之连用的时间状语有：lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，since then，up t nw，s far等。
In the past few years，great changes have taken place in my hmetwn.
在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
②表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。常用的状语有：already，ever，just(刚刚)，yet等。
He has turned ff the light.(＝The light is ff nw.)他已经关掉灯了。
③在“最高级＋名词”或“It/This is＋the＋序数词＋time”之后的从句中谓语动词常用现在完成时。
This is the first time(that)I have cme here.
这是我第一次来这里。
【易混辨析】
He has gne t live abrad.他到国外居住了。
Have yu ever been t Shanghai?你去过上海吗？
(2)过去完成时(had＋过去分词)
①一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表“过去的过去”)，那么发生在前的动作要用过去完成时。
He said that he had been abrad fr 3 years.他说他在国外待了3 年了。
②hpe，expect，mean，intend，want，suppse的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
I had hped t see mre f Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)
③在“”和“N ”句型中，when和than从句里用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且用倒装，表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardly/N sner had I gt hme when/than the rain pured dwn.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
(3)现在完成进行时(have/has＋been＋现在分词)
①表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。
I have been reading Hemingway’s Farewell t Arms recently.我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。
②表示一个近期内一直重复发生、反复进行的动作。
Yu’ve been saying that fr five years.这话你已经说了五年了。
③现在完成进行时(have/has been ding)常和all this time, this week, this mnth, all night, all the mrning, recently等状语以及since和fr引导的状语从句连用。
He has been writing articles t the newspapers since he became a teacher.
自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊撰稿。
1.被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数和句子时态的不同而变化。
2.主动形式表被动意义
(1)“系动词lk，sund，feel，smell，taste 等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构。
The steel feels cld.钢摸起来很凉。
(2)动词need, require, want, be wrth后加动词－ing形式的主动结构表被动意义。
My watch can’t wrk; it needs repairing.我的手表不能用了，需要修了。
(3)某些可和well，easily 等副词连用的不及物动词，如read，write, draw，wash，clean，ck，sell 等。
Nyln cleans easily.尼龙容易清洗。
单句语法填空
①The parts f a museum pen t the public (call) galleries r rms.
②The artist was sure he wuld (chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld man laughed.
③And，as mre children were brn，mre fd (need)．
④This English saying has much truth in it：the best place (surrund) by ur lved nes and with a rf ver ur head.
⑤On the last day f ur week－lng stay，we (invite) t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars，listening t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1．语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Having t change trains is a small incnvenience.不得不换乘火车多少有些不便。
(2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，tgether with，as well as，like，but，except，rather than，including，in additin t等时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Tm as well as tw f his friends was invited t the party.汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加聚会了。
(3)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
My friend shwed me arund the small twn，which was very attractive.我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，它非常迷人。
(4)“many a/mre than ne＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。each，every，n所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Every by and every girl wishes t attend the party t be held n Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加即将在周日举办的聚会。
2．意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若被看作是集体中的每个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见有：family，class，team，grup，public，cmmittee，gvernment，audience等。
The class cnsists f 25 bys and 20 girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The class are ding an experiment.全班学生都在做实验。
(2)“分数/百分数/the majrity＋f＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于f后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all，sme，half，mst，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
Abut ne third f the bks are wrth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
(3)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The sick have been cured and the lst have been fund.病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。
(4)a quantity f后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，后接可数名词时，谓语动词用复数。quantities f后无论接可数名词还是接不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
With mre frests being destryed，huge quantities f gd earth are being washed away each year.
由于越来越多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
(5)“a number f＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number f＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The number f the students frm the nrth is small.来自北方的学生人数很少。
(6)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thusand dllars is quite a lt f mney fr a by.对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。
3．就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
(1)由r，，，nt (als)．..，等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
Either yu r ne f yur students is t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw.要么是你或者你的一名学生将出席明天的会议。
(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are three bks and a pen n the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
单句语法填空
①Often, nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin (be) n display.
②This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers (carry) special significance.
③“This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, “because it (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn (cnstruct)．”
随堂练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I (d)my hmewrk when smene kncked at the dr.
2．Then all Rylee was lking frward t (be) t be able t see Waba’s appearance.
3．The twins, wh (finish) their hmewrk, were allwed t play badmintn in the playgrund.
4．These dams (cnstruct) s delicately that they lk mre like the wrk f man than f little dumb beasts.
5．Hwever, a pile f cells des nt have the chewy texture f a chicken breast.Cells withut a supprt
(be) mre like a sup, r at best a meatball.
6．There are many differences between China and India when it cmes t hw yga (practise)．
7．And n weekends, she (teach) lcal kids wh needed extra help with their schlwrk.
8．What I regret nw (be) nt having ever really dne anything fr her.I suppse she never needed it.
9．As a result, their number (grw) frm just 20 pairs t 40 pairs in the past tw years.
10．Archaelgists started a new excavatin at N.1 Pit in 2009.The 200 new warrirs (find) as a result f this effrt.
Ⅱ.语法填空
My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.____________ (remind) me f myself.In the past, I 2.____________ (be)never cnfident because f my appearance.Peple always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc.At that time, I was the shrtest student in my class.I started getting depressed.Hwever, smene tld me smething that I will always remember.
It was in March.Surrunded by a grup f girls wh 3.____________ (pint) at me and laughed at me, I culdn’t help crying.The tears rlled dwn my face like a rushing river.T my surprise, smene lifted my head up and wiped the tears frm my eyes.
I then knew it was ur English teacher, Miss Li.She said，“yu 4.____________ (be) perfect the way yu are.Yu shuld never change r hate yurself.Peple 5.____________ (accept)yu fr wh yu 6.____________ (be)．But if yu cannt accept yurself, then hw will ther peple accept yu？” I 7.____________ (inspire)by her wrds.Over the past few mnths，I 8.____________ (learn) that n ne is perfect and that we all have flaws.Nw I have wnderful friends wh 9.____________ (lve)me fr wh I am.
Nw, seeing Kaiya cry，I decide t tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.____________ (tell)me.
非谓语动词
非谓语动词作定语和状语的用法是语法填空的常考点，从形式上看，主要考查动词不定式的一般式，现在分词的一般式和过去分词；非谓语动词作状语的考查频率相对更高。
非谓语动词分类：①动词不定式 ②动名词 ③现在分词 ④过去分词
非谓语动词备考：非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾语、宾补、主语和表语
高频考点突破
1.分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)
(1)现在分词作状语时，如果句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(ding)；若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having dne)；若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been dne)。
Hearing the news，they gt very excited.听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。
Having cleaned the desks，we began reading bks.擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。
Having been shwn arund the classrms，we were taken t see the library.
我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。
(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是动宾关系。
Seen frm the tp f the muntain，the city is very beautiful.从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
2．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的，其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in rder t d，s as t d，t d等，但s as t d不能置于句首。
In rder t pass the exam，he wrked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。
T keep themselves awake, they sat n the flr and tld each ther stries in turn/by turn.为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。
(2)作结果状语。表示出乎意料的结果，经常与nly连用。
We hurried t the statin，nly t be tld that the train had left.我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。
【名师指津】 不定式作结果状语时，通常表示出乎意料的结果，而现在分词表示自然而然的结果。
Ftball is played all ver the wrld，making it the mst ppular sprt.
世界各地的人们都在踢足球，使足球成了最受欢迎的运动。
(3)作原因状语。
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，srry，prud，disappinted，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，flish，pleased等。
We’re prud t be yung peple f China.
作为中国青年我们感到自豪。
3．独立主格结构
(1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式
(2)特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； ③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
The wrk dne(＝After the wrk had been dne), we went hme.
Weather permitting(＝If weather permits), they will g n an uting t the beach tmrrw.
He was lying n the grass, his hands crssed under his head(＝and his hands were crssed under his head)．
单句语法填空
①Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e－4 (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple－Aitken basin.
②They are easy (care) fr and make great presents.
③The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut (find) the well－knwn painter.
④Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid－1980s, and are expensive (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
⑤Nervusly (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t myself the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”．
1.动词不定式作定语
(1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。
She is always the first t cme and the last t leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个来，最后一个离开。
Have yu gt a letter t write? (动宾关系)你有信要写吗？
(2)当名词或代词被序数词，形容词最高级， the last, the nly等修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。
He is the best man t d the jb.他是做这份工作的最佳人选。
(3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语且不定式常用主动形式，常见的此类名词有ability, chance，idea, plan, way, pprtunity等。
She gt a chance t further her study abrad/t study further abrad.她得到一次出国深造的机会。
【名师指津】 作定语的动词不定式中，如果其中的动词是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词。
Henry is a very nice persn t wrk with.亨利是个很好共事的人。
2．动词－ing形式作定语
单个的动词－ing形式一般作前置定语， 动词－ing短语一般作后置定语。表示用途的是动名词， 说明名词的性质、特征。强调动作的是现在分词。
a sleeping car(＝a car fr sleeping)
a sleeping child (＝a child wh is sleeping)
the by standing there(＝the by wh is standing there)
D yu knw the by talking(＝wh is talking) t the teacher?
3．动词－ed形式作定语
动词－ed形式作定语，分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。单个的动词－ed形式一般作前置定语， 动词－ed短语一般作后置定语。
The plluted water caused diseases and death.
Tsinghua University, funded in 1911, is hme t a great number f utstanding figures.
【名师指津】 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为ding和dne, ding表示正在进行； dne表示已经完成。
biling water 正在沸腾的水
biled water 已经烧开的水
单句语法填空
①Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy (change)lives.
②They represent the earth (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
③A study f travelers (cnduct) by the website TripAdvisr names Yangshu as ne f the tp 10 destinatins in the wrld.
④Vanessa wasn’t the nly ne (get) in frnt f the crwd.Michael Jrdan als gave a mving speech.
⑤Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend)with his students.
1.带t的不定式( t d )作宾补的动词(短语)
常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encurage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, rder, frce, cause, allw, permit, frbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call n, wait fr, wuld like/lve/prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词，后用带t的不定式作宾补。
The teacher asked us t finish ur hmewrk.老师叫我们完成家庭作业。
The pliceman tld the bys nt t play in the street.警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。
2．常见的接不带t的不定式作宾补的动词
·一感：feel
·二听：hear, listen t
·三让：let, make, have
·四看：see, watch, ntice, bserve
·半帮助：help sb t d/d sth
不定式作宾补表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程，强调事物的发生和结束。
I saw him leave a few minutes ag.我看见他几分钟前离开了。
3．动词－ing形式作宾补
动词－ing形式作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。
I hear smene kncking at the dr.我听到有人在敲门。
I’m srry t keep yu waiting fr a lng time.对不起，让你久等了。
4．动词过去分词形式作宾补
着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。
He saw the thief caught by the plice.他看到那个贼被警察抓起来了。
The teacher raised his vice in rder t make himself heard.那个老师提高声音以便让自己被听到。
单句语法填空
①And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
②Once his message was delivered, he allwed me (stay)and watch.
③I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraphs (take)．
④They started building their huts late in the summer, but did nt get them (finish) befre the early frsts.
1.动名词和不定式作主语
Smking is prhibited(禁止)here. (抽象) 此处禁止吸烟。
It is nt very gd fr yu t smke s much.(具体) 抽烟那么多对你不好。
【名师指津】
(1)如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。
T see is t believe.＝Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
(2)常用动名词作主语的句型：
It is/was＋eq \b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(n use/gd,nt any use/gd,f little use/gd,wrth))＋ding sth
It’s n use nly cmplaining withut taking actin.
不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
2．动名词和不定式作宾语
(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语
She pretended nt t see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
(2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语
I wuld appreciate yur calling back this afternn.今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。
(3)下列动词后接不定式和动名词，注意根据意思不同区别它们
①frget t d sth忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
frget ding sth忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
remember t d sth记得去做某事(未做)
remember ding sth记得做过某事(已做)
②stp t d停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事
stp ding停止正在或经常做的事
g n t d继续(去做另外一件事情)
g n ding继续(原先没有做完的事情)
③regret t d sth对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)
regret ding sth对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)
④try t d努力、企图做
try ding试验、试一试某种办法
⑤mean t d(人)打算，有意要……
mean ding(物)意味着
⑥can’t help (t) d sth不能帮助做某事
can’t help ding sth情不自禁做某事
3．不定式、动名词和分词作表语
作表语用的非谓语动词有：不定式(t d)，动名词(ding)，和分词(dne，ding)
(1)不定式作表语
①Her wish was t becme an artist.(表示主语的具体内容/将来的动作)她的愿望是成为一位艺术家。
②The mst imprtant thing is t put thery int practice.(表示将来的动作)最重要的是要把理论应用到实践。
(2)动名词作表语
动名词作表语，表示抽象概念。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份，职业”等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换。
①My jb is teaching.(Teaching is my jb.)我的工作是教书。(教书是我的工作)。
②Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见/眼见为实。
[个性比较]
不定式、动名词作表语时的区别
一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词作表语；表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。
Their jb is building huses.他们的工作是盖房子。
Our task nw is t develp ur ecnmy.现在我们的任务是发展经济。
(3)分词作表语
“使……怎么样”情感类动词，如surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappint，astnish，encurage，inspire，shck，mve等，它们的现在分词和过去分词表示状态，是形容词化的分词。－ed形容词修饰说明人，－ing形容词修饰说明物。
The news was astnishing.消息是令人吃惊的。
My cusin is very interested in playing the pian.我表妹对弹钢琴很感兴趣。
单句语法填空
①Scientists have respnded by nting (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin(错觉) that ppulatins are higher than they actually are.
②On ur way t the huse，it was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take t__get (get)there.
③But sme students didn’t want (wear) the unifrm.
④Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f (die) early by running.
⑤I still remember (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
⑥Fast fd is full f fat and salt; by (eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
⑦This included digging up the rad, (lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver the tp.
⑧I went t a wrkshp and gradually gt gd at (prduce) things with clay.
随堂练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．But fr the “hteliers”， that’s mum and dad, the survey fund the average cst t them has gne up sharply, and that they are sacrificing luxuries and hlidays (lk) after their “big kids”．
2．The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment, (allw) mre patients t be treated.
3．“Drawing n a curved surface is quite different frm ding s n a flat piece f paper，” Zha said,
(nte) that the pigments (颜料) culdn’t be t dry nr t wet.
4．Hwever, we arrived arund 7：20 p．m, nly (tell) that we went t the wrng place.
5．This is the clurful waste (create) by a Swedish city with a unique recycling system.
6．Fr grcery stres, they suggest (encurage) shppers t buy mre prduce by ffering samples f fruit and vegetables t them upn their entering the stre!
7．Peple prbably cked their fd in large pts， (use) twigs (树枝) t remve it.
8．The wlves live in a vast trpical savanna in Suth America (call) the Crrad, which basts extrardinary varieties f plants and animals.
9．Scientists believe that a memry is made up f bits and pieces f infrmatin (stre) all ver the brain.
10．But this year, the day als included a natinal murning, which ffered peple an pprtunity
(remember) thse wh lst their lives in the fight against the nvel crnavirus.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2021·安徽省安庆市高三三模试题)
Thirty years ag, an elderly Canadian cuple undertk a unique prject with the purpse f 1.____________ (help) Canadians have a better understanding f China based n hw the Chinese view themselves and the issues they face.
Their effrts resulted 2.____________ the birth f a 1985 bk, Understanding China Thrugh Cartns.They 3.____________ (fficial) dnated it t China n June 10, (prmte) knwledge abut China amng Canadians, they 5.____________ (fund) the Sciety fr a Better Understanding f China in the early 1970s, 6.____________ is nw nted as the Canada－China Friendship Sciety.
The elderly cuple 7.____________ (be) determined t gift China with it as their admiratin fr Chinese culture—a rle dating back t thusands f years.
“China is the nly natin that has been able t maintain its cultural 8.____________ (grw) fr thusands f years，” the husband said.
In fact, cmmunicatin has been 9.____________ best way t prmte each ther’s understanding and trust.We need 10.____________ (many) peple like the elderly Canadian cuple as well as mre institutins like the Canada－China Friendship Sciety.考点1
动词的时态
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般时
d/des
did
shall/will d
shuld/wuld d
进行时
am/is/are ding
was/were ding
shall/will be ding
shuld/wuld be ding
完成时
have/has dne
had dne
shall/will have dne
shuld/wuld have dne
完成进
行时
have/has been ding
had been ding
shall/will have been ding
shuld/wuld have been ding
·用于“I expect, I’m sure, I think, I wnder＋宾语从句”中
·用于“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”中
·与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用
·be ging t d sth表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。
·be t d sth表示按计划或安排即将做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。
·be abut t d sth表示即将发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。
·was/were ging t＋动词原形
·was/were t＋动词原形
·was/were abut t＋动词原形
have gne t
意为“去某地了”，表示此人现在还在那里没有回来。
have been t
意为“去过某地”，表示此人已经回来了。
考点2
动词的语态
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
is/am/are dne
was/were dne
will/shall be dne
wuld/shuld be dne
进行
is/am/are being dne
was/were being dne
will/shall be being dne
wuld/shuld be being dne
完成
have/has been dne
had been dne
will/shall have been dne
wuld/shuld have been dne
考点3
主谓一致
考点1
非谓语动词的形式及句法功能
种类
时态
主动
被动
主语
宾语
宾补
表语
定语
状语
不定式
一般式
t d
t be
dne
√
√
√
√
√
√
进行式
t be
ding
×
完成式
t have
dne
t have
been dne
动名词
一般式
ding
being dne
√
√
×
√
√
×
完成式
having
dne
having
been
dne
分词
现在
一般式
ding
being
dne
×
×
√
√
√
√
完成式
having
dne
having
been
dne
×
×
√
√
√
√
过去
一般式
dne(vt.)
表被动
与完成
×
×
√
√
√
√
考点2
非谓语动词作状语
考点3
非谓语动词作定语
考点4
非谓语动词作宾语补足语
考点5
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：
(1)表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；
(2)表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。
(3)动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。
decide/determine，learn，
want，expect/hpe/wish；
refuse，affrd, manage，
pretend；ffer，prmise，
chse，plan；agree，ask/beg，help
记忆口诀
决心学会想希望
拒绝付起设法装
主动答应选计划
同意请求帮一帮
avid, miss, delay
suggest, finish, practice
enjy, imagine, resist
admit, deny , envy
escape, risk, pardn
stand, keep, mind
记忆口诀
避免错过少延期
建议完成多练习
喜欢想象禁不住
承认否定与妒忌
逃脱冒险莫原谅
忍受保持不在意