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人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage完整版课件ppt
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage完整版课件ppt，共45页。PPT课件主要包含了Grammar等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Aims：By the end f this perid, yu will be able t…1. find ut the differences in frm and functins between restrictive relative clauses and nn-restrictive relative clauses.2. intrduce a great persn using nn-restrictive relative clauses.3. express their wn ideas and pinins using nn-restrictive relative clauses.
Lead-inQ1. Can yu find any relative clauses ? Underline them and name the types: the restrictive relative clauses r the nnrestrictive nes.Q2. Can yu tell the differences in frm between them ? Tu Yuyu, wh was brn in Ningb, China, n 30 Dec. 1930, was a cmmitted and patient scientist. Based n a medical text which suggested using sweet wrmwd t treat malaria, she and her team drew ut the artemisinin, fr which she was awarded the 2015 Nbel Prize fr Physician r Medicine. Hundreds f thusands f lives are thught t be saved by Artemisinin, which has becme a vital part f the treatment fr malaria.
Tu Yuyu, wh was brn in Ningb, China, n 30 Dec. 1930, was a cmmitted and patient scientist. Based n a medical text which suggested using sweet wrmwd t treat malaria, she and her team drew ut the artemisinin, fr which she was awarded the 2015 Nbel Prize fr Physician r Medicine. Hundreds f thusands f lives are thught t be saved by Artemisinin, which has becme a vital part f the treatment fr malaria.Restrictive: there is n cmma in frnt f the clauseNn-restrictive: there is a cmma in frnt f the clause
nn-restrictive
restrictive
Observe and AnalyseRead the fllwing sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the tw types f clauses and state their functins. 1.They tested hundreds f Chinese medical treatments that shwed prmise in the fight against the disease. 2.Tu Yuyu was awarded the Nbel Prize，which is cnsidered ne f the highest internatinal hnurs a persn can receive. 3.Tu Yuyu went t Hainan，where malaria was mre cmmn，t study malaria patients. 4. Later，the medicine was tested n malaria patients，mst f whm recvered.
Restrictive
Nn-restrictive
Analyse the fur sentences by filling in the fllwing table.
Summarize the differences between restrictive relative clauses and nn-restrictive nes by filling in the fllwing table.
Practice——Rewrite the sentences using nn-restrictive relative clauses. Q1: Read the example, Can yu summarize the steps t rewrite the sentences?Example:The bk tells us abut Alexander Fleming. He discvered penicillin.The bk tells us abut Alexander Fleming, wh discvered penicillin.
Practice——Rewrite the sentences using nn-restrictive relative clauses. Q2: Try t rewrite the fllwing sentences using the steps. 1.We were very impressed by the ld man. He was nt willing t acknwledge defeat.______________________________________________________________________________2. Afterwards, Einstein had t flee Germany. Hitler was in pwer there.______________________________________________________________________________3. There is nthing we can d t help Linda. Her circumstances are beynd ur cntrl.______________________________________________________________________________
We were very impressed by the ld man，wh was nt willing t acknwledge defeat.
Afterwards，Einstein had t flee Germany，where Hitler was in pwer.
There is nthing we can d t help Linda，whse circumstances are beynd ur cntrl.
4. The teacher asked us t listen t a speech by his favurite nvelist, J.K. Rwling. It inspired us a lt.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. The building under cnstructin was designed by I.M. Pei—a famus Chinese-American architect. He was brn in Guangzhu, China.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. I was asked t explain the prject with the help f a flw chart. It was a big challenge fr me.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The teacher asked us t listen t a speech by his favurite nvelist，J.K. Rwling，which inspired us a lt.
The building under cnstructin was designed by I.M. Pei—a famus Chinese-American architect，wh was brn in Guangzhu，China.
I was asked t explain the prject with the help f a flw chart， which was a big challenge fr me.
Practice——Rewrite the sentences using nn-restrictive relative clauses. Q3: Hw d the sentences flw differently？In each case，there are tw shrt sentences which sund separate t each ther. By cmbining the tw simple sentences tgether using nn-restrictive relative clause，the sentence becmes mre varied and has better flw.
Practice——Decide whether the sentences are right r wrng. Crrect them where necessary. (Wrkbk P62 Activity 2)1. Please write dwn these phrases, all f them will be useful in yur writing.2. As a cnsequence f sending in his applicatin late, he did nt get a patent fr his inventin, that was nt surprising at all.3. The researchers are evaluating thusands f plants, which have distinct medical prperties. 4. The gentle ld man is the nly persn, whm I can trust.5. Have yu dne all what yu can t help the peple in need?6. Is this the btanical institute where yu visited last week?
Language Use and Share—— Intrduce a great persnWrite a few sentences abut sme great peple with the infrmatin given belw. Use relative clauses.
Dr Sun Yat-sen's wife; ne f the tp leaders in mdern Chinese histry; devted her life t imprving the welfare f wmen and children
The first man t land n the mn in July 1969; "That's a small step fr (a) man, ne giant leap fr mankind.
Came t China in Wrld War ll;wrked selflessly in China as a dctr and saved many Chinese peple
A leading figure f mdern Chinese literature; Lu Xun Literary Prize—ne f China's tp fur literary prizes, awarded every three years
A girl dressed as a man; went t fight fr her cuntry; helped drive the English invaders ut f France
Language Use and Share—— Intrduce a great persnSng Qingling，wh was Dr Sun Yat-sen’s wife and ne f the tp leaders in mdern Chinese histry，devted her life t imprving the welfare f wmen and children.Neil Armstrng，wh was the first man t land n the mn in July 1969，said，“That’s a small step fr（a）man，ne giant leap fr mankind.”Nrman Bethune，wh came t China in Wrld War Ⅱ，wrked selflessly in China as a dctr and saved many Chinese peple.Lu Xun was a leading figure f mdern Chinese literature. Lu Xun Literary Prize，which is ne f China’s tp fur literary prizes，is awarded every three years.Jan f Arc，wh was a girl dressed as a man，went t fight fr her cuntry. She helped drive the English invaders ut f France.
1 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：关系代词 which，wh，whm，whse，as关系副词 when，where 等Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。He will put ff the picnic until May 1st，when he will be free.他将把野餐推迟到5 月1 日，那时他将有空。
单元语法非限制性定语从句
The by，whse father is an engineer，studies very hard.这个男孩，他的爸爸是一位工程师，学习很努力。Once mre I am in Bstn，where I have nt been fr years.我再次来到波士顿，我多年没来这里了。He is absrbed in wrk，as he ften was.他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。We went t the carnival last night，where peple wre clrful cstumes and marched alng the street.我们昨晚去了狂欢节，人们穿着五颜六色的服装沿街游行。
单句语法填空（1）Tm was always late fr schl，____________made his teacher annyed.（2）Our graduatin will be held in July，____________we’ll say gdbye t ur teachers.（3）I’ve invited Jim，____________ lives in the next flat.（4）This academic paper was written in Latin，____________ language I did nt understand.（5）Tby was left n an island，____________ he stayed fr as lng as three mnths.（6）He seems nt t have understd what I mean，____________ greatly upsets me.（7）The prject，____________ we had expected，gt alng well.
2 as 引导的非限制性定语从句as 引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构：as is knwn t all 众所周知as is ften the case 情况常常如此as is said abve 如上所述as is reprted 正如报道的那样as is mentined 正如所提及的那样as we all knw 众所周知as we expected 正如我们预料的as has been pinted ut 正如已经指出的那样as has been said befre 正如之前所说He frgt t bring his pen with him，as was ften the case.他忘了带笔，这是常事。As is widely knwn，the mn is clser t us than the sun.众所周知，月球比太阳离我们近。As we all knw，this is the best slutin t this prblem.众所周知，这是解决这个问题的最好办法。As has been pinted ut，we shuld make a plan ahead f schedule.正如已经指出的那样，我们应该提前制订计划。
【学法点拨】as 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被 the same，such 等修饰。as在句中常作主语、宾语或表语。Such curses as are recmmended by Mr Smith are ptinal.史密斯先生推荐的课程是选修课。She is wearing the same dress as yu wre yesterday.她穿了一件和你昨天穿的一样的衣服。This is the same squirrel that I saw yesterday.这就是我昨天见过的那只松鼠。
②在 中as 引导定语从句，代替前面的先行词，且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；在 中that 引导结果状语从句，that 只起连接词的作用，在从句中不作成分。Such things as yu describe are rare nw.你描述的这种事情现在很少见。He is such a brilliant architect that we all admire him.他是一位才华横溢的建筑师，我们都钦佩他。
单句语法填空（1）Kate is late fr schl again，_____________ is ften the case.（2）The cmpass，_____________ is knwn t all，was invented in ancient China.（3）She tld a lie，_____________ we expected.（4）_____________ we all knw，Mark Twain was a famus American writer.（5）_____________ is reprted，many crps were damaged by the heavy rain.（6）This is the same cstume _____________ I bught nline.（7）I’ve never seen such a talented architect_____________ he is.（8）The cmputer is s expensive _____________I can’t affrd it.
完成句子（9）These huses are sld at such a lw price，____________________________________ （正如人们预料的那样）.（10）______________________（正如以上提及的那样），the number f the students in senir high schl is increasing.（11）__________________（情况经常是这样的），my mther has the final say in the argument.（12）He is such a lazy man ______________________________（以至于没有人喜欢跟他一起工作）.（13）________________________（如上所述），he vercame the difficulties at hand.
as peple expected
As is mentined abve
As is ften the case
that n ne likes t wrk with him
As is said abve
3 使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项（1）that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，用 wh，whm 指代人，用which 指代物。She was very fnd f speaking French，which indeed she spke well.她很喜欢讲法语，而且讲得确实很好。（2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。They went t Lndn，where they lived fr six mnths.他们去了伦敦，在那儿住了六个月。Yesterday she sld her car，which she bught a mnth ag.昨天她卖掉了她的汽车，汽车是她一个月前买的。（3）非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。In the presence f s many peple he was a little tense，which wasunderstandable. 在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。（4）非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用 why 引导，而用 fr which代替 why。I had tld them the reasn，fr which I didn’t attend the meeting.我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。
单句语法填空（1）Mr Smith，____________ is my friend，quit his jb last year.（2）The Great Wall，____________ is called in Chinese “The Ten Thusand Li Great Wall”，is very famus in the wrld.（3）He is gentle，____________ is knwn t us all in ur cmpany.（4）We culd nt give the reasn，fr ____________ s many peple were fr the prpsal.（5）The sun，____________ rises in the east，gives us light and heat.（6）Last week we traveled t Beijing，____________there are many places f interest.
He is the man whm yu are lking fr.他就是你正在找的那个人。（限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the man）These apple trees，which I planted three years ag，have nt brne anyfruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。（非限制性定语从句，用逗号与主句隔开）She is always careless，which we shuld nt be.她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。（which 指代主句内容）Friendship is precius wealth（that） ne searches fr all his life.友谊是毕生难觅的珍贵财富。（that 在从句中作fr 的宾语，可省略）
单句语法填空（1）D yu have the pht ____________ we tk tgether in ur primary schl?（2）He gave his mther a beautiful cat fr her birthday，____________ pleased her a lt.（3）The by ____________ gave a speech just nw is senir t me.（4）Last Sunday they reached Nanjing，____________a cnference was t be held.（5）Each team plays ten r eleven games each seasn ____________ begins in September andends in Nvember.（6）This clrless gas is called xygen，with____________ we can rescue patients.完成句子（7）D yu knw the ld man ______________________（把他所有的积蓄都捐赠给了教育事业）?（8）Next mnth，_____________________________（你将度过你的暑假） in yur hmetwn，isappraching.
wh dnated all his savingst the cause f educatin
when yu’ll spend yursummer hliday
5 特殊结构“名词/ 代词+ f+ which/whm”I have many friends，sme f whm are experts.我有许多朋友，其中有些是专家。There are 30 chairs in the hall，mst f which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。Light is the fastest thing in the wrld，the speed f which is abut 300，000 kilmeters per secnd.光是世界上最快的东西，它的速度是每秒约30 万千米。单句语法填空（1）The factry has ver 8，000 wrkers，eighty percent f ____________ are wmen.（2）He bught many bks yesterday，sme f____________ were published many years ag.
6 关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择关键是判断句子结构：非限制性定语从句→选关系代词并列句→选人称代词或指示代词I met Prfessr Xu，wh tld me the result f the electin.我遇到了许教授，他告诉了我选举的结果。This is my smartphne and it was bught yesterday.这是我昨天买的智能手机。He came late again and this made his bss angry.他又迟到了，这使他的老板很生气。
单句语法填空（1）He has three sns，nne f ____________ is an architect.（2）He has three sns，but nne f ____________（they） is an archaelgist.（3）［2021·浙江1 月卷］BMI（体重指数） is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl____________ gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
Language pints
教材原句p.4Did yu cme t any cnclusins?你得出什么结论了吗?
1 cnclusin n. 结论；推论arrive at/cme t/reach/draw a cnclusin 得出结论搭配jump t cnclusins 匆忙下结论in cnclusin 最后（用于文章或讲话的末尾，表示即将结束） a cnclusin 使……结束He came t a cnclusin that it was nt easy t select a satisfactryassistant. 他得出结论，挑选一个令人满意的助手是不容易的。［词汇复现］In cnclusin，n ne can easily claim wh will win in a tight match. 总之，没有人能轻易地断言一场胶着状态的比赛最后谁会赢。［词汇复现］
【词语积累】cnclude v. 断定；推断出；得出结论；使结束 从……中推断出……cnclude（sth.） with 用……结束（某事）t cnclude（=in cnclusin） 最后I cncluded frm his wrds that he lacked cnfidence.我从他的话中得出结论，他缺乏信心。The evening cncluded with dinner and speeches.这个夜晚在宴会和讲话中结束了。【归纳拓展】cnclude v. → cnclusin n. 结束 decide v. → decisin n. 决定explde v. → explsin n. 爆炸 persuade v. → persuasin n. 说服
单句语法填空（1）Dn’t jump t ____________（cnclude） befre cnsidering all the facts，r yu may be easily taken in.（2）The research lacks slid evidence，and therefre，its ____________（cnclude）are dubtful.（3）____________ cnclusin，I wuld like t thank everyne wh has helped us.（4）The speaker cncluded his speech ____________a famus saying.完成句子（5）Many experts ____________________________ （得出结论） that many diseases were related t smking.（6）________________________（最后），with this extra evidence，we can draw a cnclusin with certainty.
系动词是are，所以主语用复数形式。
drew/reached the cnclusin
句中 that 引导同位语从句，解释说明cnclusin 的具体内容。
T cnclude/In cnclusin
教材原句p.5There is nthing we can d t help Linda. Her circumstances are beynd ur cntrl. 我们没有办法帮助琳达。她的情况我们无法控制。2 circumstance n.［usually pl.］条件；环境；状况；境况，境遇，（尤指）经济状况搭配 在……情况下under/in n circumstances 决不，无论如何都不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构）Under such circumstances，they are likely t buy suvenirs in her shp. 在这种情况下，他们可能会去她的商店买纪念品。Under n circumstances shuld the will f the minrity verride the will f the majrity f peple. 在任何情况下，少数人的意志不能凌驾于多数人的意志之上。［词汇复现］Adlescents tend t adapt t the study atmsphere and circumstance quickly. 青少年往往能很快地适应学习氛围和环境。family/persnal circumstances 家庭 / 个人经济状况【学法点拨】表示否定意义的介词短语 at n time（在任何时候都不），n n cnditin（无论如何都不），n n accunt（决不），in n way（决不），in n sense（决不）等位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构。
单句语法填空（1）____________ n circumstances can we agree t such a principle.（2）Due t ____________（circumstance） beynd ur cntrl the lecture was put ff.完成句子（3）［词汇复现］_______________________________（在某些情况下），I may decide t take a chance.（4）______________________________（我绝对不会）accept yur unreasnable request.（5）［2019· 天津卷］The prfessr warned the students that n n accunt ____________ （他们应该使用）mbile phnes in his class.
circumstances
Under/In certain circumstances
Under/In n circumstances will I
shuld they use
教材原句p.5The building under cnstructin was designed by I.M. Pei—a famus Chinese-American architect.正在建造的大楼是由著名的美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭设计的。3 under cnstructin 在建造中The stadium is currently under cnstructin（= being cnstructed）.体育馆目前正在建造中。【学法点拨】“under + n.”常表示正在进行的动作，而且包含被动含义，相当于进行时的被动语态。under cntrl 被控制住 under repair 在修理中under bservatin 在监视中 under cnsideratin 在考虑中under treatment 在治疗中 under discussin 在讨论中
【归纳拓展】“介词at/in/n + 名词”可表示某种状态或持续的活动，此时名词前一般不加冠词。at peace 处于和平状态 at table 在吃饭at wrk 在上班 at schl 在上学at church 在做礼拜 at sea 在航海；茫然in truble 处于困境中 in danger 处于危险中n sale 上市；减价销售 n hliday 在休假n fire 着火，失火 n duty 值班n shw 在展出 n strike 在罢工n trial 在审理中 n business 出差
单句语法填空（1）A new highway is said t be ____________cnstructin.（2）The cuntries have been ____________ peace fr mre than a century.（3）He is ready t give a hand whenever his friends are ____________ truble.（4）［词汇复现］Apart frm the artist’s mre than 800 paintings，ther artists’ paintings are als____________ shw in the hallways.完成句子（5）A new pwer statin is _____________________________________（在建设中）. （6）The tw cuntries nce ____________（在交战） during the Secnd Wrld War are nw ____________（处于和平状态）.（7）The church attacked by the enemy in a war was ____________（着火）.（8）The new cuple are ____________（在休假）in Paris at present.
under cnstructin/ being cnstructed
教材原句p.4It struck him that the ther Chinese men in the pht apparently did nt care abut what was happening t their fellw cuntrymen. 令他吃惊的是，照片中的其他中国男子显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么事。【句式分析】本句中it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。what was happening t their fellw cuntrymen 是宾语从句，作care abut 的宾语。1 It strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起……（=It ccurs t sb. that...）It struck/hit/ccurred t me that the band which I admired wuld perfrm at the Natinal Stadium the next day. 我突然想起我崇拜的乐队第二天将在国家体育场演出。【学法点拨】Sth. strikes/hits/ccurs t sb. 表示“某事突然出现在某人的脑海里”。A bright idea suddenly struck/hit/ccurred t me that I culd use the mney I saved t help a pr student in the cuntryside. 我突然想到一个好主意，我可以用我存下来的钱去帮助一个农村的贫困学生。
单句语法填空（1）It ____________（strike） me that I culd spend a meaningful festival at the shelter.（2）It ccurred ____________ me that I frgt t turn ff the tap.完成句子（3）______________________________（她突然想到）she shuld make a summary abut this year’s wrk.（4）As I watched them，_________________________________________________（我产生了一个想法）.
It struck/hit/ccurred t her that
an idea struck me/an idea hit me/an idea ccurred t me
教材原句p.4Frm this，he cncluded that the crucial prblem in China was nt physical illness，but the spiritual illness f peple at that time. 由此，他得出结论，当时中国的重要问题不是身体疾病，而是人们的精神疾病。【句式分析】本句中第一个 that 引导宾语从句，其中 连接并列的表语physical illness 和the spiritual illness f peple。2 不是……而是……He is nt a painter but an architect. 他不是画家，而是建筑师。Nt yu but I am t be respnsible fr the mistake.不是你而是我对此错误负有责任。【归纳拓展】（既不…… 也不……），（或者…… 或者……），nt als...（不仅……而且……）， 连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近一致”原则。Either Tm r yu are ging t d it.或者是汤姆或者是你要做这件事。
单句语法填空（1）Nt I but my brther ____________（be） there already.（2）Neither his parents nr he ____________（visit）his grandparents s far this mnth.（3）Nt nly the students but als the teacher____________（be） interested in playing ftball.完成句子（4）Nt they but I ____________（对……感到震惊） the result.（5）Either the expert r his assistants ________________________ （将要参加） the meeting.
has visited
s far this mnth 表明要用现在完成时。
was shcked at
are ging t attend
Aims：By the end f this perid, yu will be able t…1. find ut the differences in frm and functins between restrictive relative clauses and nn-restrictive relative clauses.2. intrduce a great persn using nn-restrictive relative clauses.3. express their wn ideas and pinins using nn-restrictive relative clauses.
Lead-inQ1. Can yu find any relative clauses ? Underline them and name the types: the restrictive relative clauses r the nnrestrictive nes.Q2. Can yu tell the differences in frm between them ? Tu Yuyu, wh was brn in Ningb, China, n 30 Dec. 1930, was a cmmitted and patient scientist. Based n a medical text which suggested using sweet wrmwd t treat malaria, she and her team drew ut the artemisinin, fr which she was awarded the 2015 Nbel Prize fr Physician r Medicine. Hundreds f thusands f lives are thught t be saved by Artemisinin, which has becme a vital part f the treatment fr malaria.
Tu Yuyu, wh was brn in Ningb, China, n 30 Dec. 1930, was a cmmitted and patient scientist. Based n a medical text which suggested using sweet wrmwd t treat malaria, she and her team drew ut the artemisinin, fr which she was awarded the 2015 Nbel Prize fr Physician r Medicine. Hundreds f thusands f lives are thught t be saved by Artemisinin, which has becme a vital part f the treatment fr malaria.Restrictive: there is n cmma in frnt f the clauseNn-restrictive: there is a cmma in frnt f the clause
nn-restrictive
restrictive
Observe and AnalyseRead the fllwing sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the tw types f clauses and state their functins. 1.They tested hundreds f Chinese medical treatments that shwed prmise in the fight against the disease. 2.Tu Yuyu was awarded the Nbel Prize，which is cnsidered ne f the highest internatinal hnurs a persn can receive. 3.Tu Yuyu went t Hainan，where malaria was mre cmmn，t study malaria patients. 4. Later，the medicine was tested n malaria patients，mst f whm recvered.
Restrictive
Nn-restrictive
Analyse the fur sentences by filling in the fllwing table.
Summarize the differences between restrictive relative clauses and nn-restrictive nes by filling in the fllwing table.
Practice——Rewrite the sentences using nn-restrictive relative clauses. Q1: Read the example, Can yu summarize the steps t rewrite the sentences?Example:The bk tells us abut Alexander Fleming. He discvered penicillin.The bk tells us abut Alexander Fleming, wh discvered penicillin.
Practice——Rewrite the sentences using nn-restrictive relative clauses. Q2: Try t rewrite the fllwing sentences using the steps. 1.We were very impressed by the ld man. He was nt willing t acknwledge defeat.______________________________________________________________________________2. Afterwards, Einstein had t flee Germany. Hitler was in pwer there.______________________________________________________________________________3. There is nthing we can d t help Linda. Her circumstances are beynd ur cntrl.______________________________________________________________________________
We were very impressed by the ld man，wh was nt willing t acknwledge defeat.
Afterwards，Einstein had t flee Germany，where Hitler was in pwer.
There is nthing we can d t help Linda，whse circumstances are beynd ur cntrl.
4. The teacher asked us t listen t a speech by his favurite nvelist, J.K. Rwling. It inspired us a lt.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. The building under cnstructin was designed by I.M. Pei—a famus Chinese-American architect. He was brn in Guangzhu, China.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. I was asked t explain the prject with the help f a flw chart. It was a big challenge fr me.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The teacher asked us t listen t a speech by his favurite nvelist，J.K. Rwling，which inspired us a lt.
The building under cnstructin was designed by I.M. Pei—a famus Chinese-American architect，wh was brn in Guangzhu，China.
I was asked t explain the prject with the help f a flw chart， which was a big challenge fr me.
Practice——Rewrite the sentences using nn-restrictive relative clauses. Q3: Hw d the sentences flw differently？In each case，there are tw shrt sentences which sund separate t each ther. By cmbining the tw simple sentences tgether using nn-restrictive relative clause，the sentence becmes mre varied and has better flw.
Practice——Decide whether the sentences are right r wrng. Crrect them where necessary. (Wrkbk P62 Activity 2)1. Please write dwn these phrases, all f them will be useful in yur writing.2. As a cnsequence f sending in his applicatin late, he did nt get a patent fr his inventin, that was nt surprising at all.3. The researchers are evaluating thusands f plants, which have distinct medical prperties. 4. The gentle ld man is the nly persn, whm I can trust.5. Have yu dne all what yu can t help the peple in need?6. Is this the btanical institute where yu visited last week?
Language Use and Share—— Intrduce a great persnWrite a few sentences abut sme great peple with the infrmatin given belw. Use relative clauses.
Dr Sun Yat-sen's wife; ne f the tp leaders in mdern Chinese histry; devted her life t imprving the welfare f wmen and children
The first man t land n the mn in July 1969; "That's a small step fr (a) man, ne giant leap fr mankind.
Came t China in Wrld War ll;wrked selflessly in China as a dctr and saved many Chinese peple
A leading figure f mdern Chinese literature; Lu Xun Literary Prize—ne f China's tp fur literary prizes, awarded every three years
A girl dressed as a man; went t fight fr her cuntry; helped drive the English invaders ut f France
Language Use and Share—— Intrduce a great persnSng Qingling，wh was Dr Sun Yat-sen’s wife and ne f the tp leaders in mdern Chinese histry，devted her life t imprving the welfare f wmen and children.Neil Armstrng，wh was the first man t land n the mn in July 1969，said，“That’s a small step fr（a）man，ne giant leap fr mankind.”Nrman Bethune，wh came t China in Wrld War Ⅱ，wrked selflessly in China as a dctr and saved many Chinese peple.Lu Xun was a leading figure f mdern Chinese literature. Lu Xun Literary Prize，which is ne f China’s tp fur literary prizes，is awarded every three years.Jan f Arc，wh was a girl dressed as a man，went t fight fr her cuntry. She helped drive the English invaders ut f France.
1 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：关系代词 which，wh，whm，whse，as关系副词 when，where 等Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。He will put ff the picnic until May 1st，when he will be free.他将把野餐推迟到5 月1 日，那时他将有空。
单元语法非限制性定语从句
The by，whse father is an engineer，studies very hard.这个男孩，他的爸爸是一位工程师，学习很努力。Once mre I am in Bstn，where I have nt been fr years.我再次来到波士顿，我多年没来这里了。He is absrbed in wrk，as he ften was.他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。We went t the carnival last night，where peple wre clrful cstumes and marched alng the street.我们昨晚去了狂欢节，人们穿着五颜六色的服装沿街游行。
单句语法填空（1）Tm was always late fr schl，____________made his teacher annyed.（2）Our graduatin will be held in July，____________we’ll say gdbye t ur teachers.（3）I’ve invited Jim，____________ lives in the next flat.（4）This academic paper was written in Latin，____________ language I did nt understand.（5）Tby was left n an island，____________ he stayed fr as lng as three mnths.（6）He seems nt t have understd what I mean，____________ greatly upsets me.（7）The prject，____________ we had expected，gt alng well.
2 as 引导的非限制性定语从句as 引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构：as is knwn t all 众所周知as is ften the case 情况常常如此as is said abve 如上所述as is reprted 正如报道的那样as is mentined 正如所提及的那样as we all knw 众所周知as we expected 正如我们预料的as has been pinted ut 正如已经指出的那样as has been said befre 正如之前所说He frgt t bring his pen with him，as was ften the case.他忘了带笔，这是常事。As is widely knwn，the mn is clser t us than the sun.众所周知，月球比太阳离我们近。As we all knw，this is the best slutin t this prblem.众所周知，这是解决这个问题的最好办法。As has been pinted ut，we shuld make a plan ahead f schedule.正如已经指出的那样，我们应该提前制订计划。
【学法点拨】as 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被 the same，such 等修饰。as在句中常作主语、宾语或表语。Such curses as are recmmended by Mr Smith are ptinal.史密斯先生推荐的课程是选修课。She is wearing the same dress as yu wre yesterday.她穿了一件和你昨天穿的一样的衣服。This is the same squirrel that I saw yesterday.这就是我昨天见过的那只松鼠。
②在 中as 引导定语从句，代替前面的先行词，且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；在 中that 引导结果状语从句，that 只起连接词的作用，在从句中不作成分。Such things as yu describe are rare nw.你描述的这种事情现在很少见。He is such a brilliant architect that we all admire him.他是一位才华横溢的建筑师，我们都钦佩他。
单句语法填空（1）Kate is late fr schl again，_____________ is ften the case.（2）The cmpass，_____________ is knwn t all，was invented in ancient China.（3）She tld a lie，_____________ we expected.（4）_____________ we all knw，Mark Twain was a famus American writer.（5）_____________ is reprted，many crps were damaged by the heavy rain.（6）This is the same cstume _____________ I bught nline.（7）I’ve never seen such a talented architect_____________ he is.（8）The cmputer is s expensive _____________I can’t affrd it.
完成句子（9）These huses are sld at such a lw price，____________________________________ （正如人们预料的那样）.（10）______________________（正如以上提及的那样），the number f the students in senir high schl is increasing.（11）__________________（情况经常是这样的），my mther has the final say in the argument.（12）He is such a lazy man ______________________________（以至于没有人喜欢跟他一起工作）.（13）________________________（如上所述），he vercame the difficulties at hand.
as peple expected
As is mentined abve
As is ften the case
that n ne likes t wrk with him
As is said abve
3 使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项（1）that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，用 wh，whm 指代人，用which 指代物。She was very fnd f speaking French，which indeed she spke well.她很喜欢讲法语，而且讲得确实很好。（2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。They went t Lndn，where they lived fr six mnths.他们去了伦敦，在那儿住了六个月。Yesterday she sld her car，which she bught a mnth ag.昨天她卖掉了她的汽车，汽车是她一个月前买的。（3）非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。In the presence f s many peple he was a little tense，which wasunderstandable. 在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。（4）非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用 why 引导，而用 fr which代替 why。I had tld them the reasn，fr which I didn’t attend the meeting.我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。
单句语法填空（1）Mr Smith，____________ is my friend，quit his jb last year.（2）The Great Wall，____________ is called in Chinese “The Ten Thusand Li Great Wall”，is very famus in the wrld.（3）He is gentle，____________ is knwn t us all in ur cmpany.（4）We culd nt give the reasn，fr ____________ s many peple were fr the prpsal.（5）The sun，____________ rises in the east，gives us light and heat.（6）Last week we traveled t Beijing，____________there are many places f interest.
He is the man whm yu are lking fr.他就是你正在找的那个人。（限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the man）These apple trees，which I planted three years ag，have nt brne anyfruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。（非限制性定语从句，用逗号与主句隔开）She is always careless，which we shuld nt be.她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。（which 指代主句内容）Friendship is precius wealth（that） ne searches fr all his life.友谊是毕生难觅的珍贵财富。（that 在从句中作fr 的宾语，可省略）
单句语法填空（1）D yu have the pht ____________ we tk tgether in ur primary schl?（2）He gave his mther a beautiful cat fr her birthday，____________ pleased her a lt.（3）The by ____________ gave a speech just nw is senir t me.（4）Last Sunday they reached Nanjing，____________a cnference was t be held.（5）Each team plays ten r eleven games each seasn ____________ begins in September andends in Nvember.（6）This clrless gas is called xygen，with____________ we can rescue patients.完成句子（7）D yu knw the ld man ______________________（把他所有的积蓄都捐赠给了教育事业）?（8）Next mnth，_____________________________（你将度过你的暑假） in yur hmetwn，isappraching.
wh dnated all his savingst the cause f educatin
when yu’ll spend yursummer hliday
5 特殊结构“名词/ 代词+ f+ which/whm”I have many friends，sme f whm are experts.我有许多朋友，其中有些是专家。There are 30 chairs in the hall，mst f which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。Light is the fastest thing in the wrld，the speed f which is abut 300，000 kilmeters per secnd.光是世界上最快的东西，它的速度是每秒约30 万千米。单句语法填空（1）The factry has ver 8，000 wrkers，eighty percent f ____________ are wmen.（2）He bught many bks yesterday，sme f____________ were published many years ag.
6 关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择关键是判断句子结构：非限制性定语从句→选关系代词并列句→选人称代词或指示代词I met Prfessr Xu，wh tld me the result f the electin.我遇到了许教授，他告诉了我选举的结果。This is my smartphne and it was bught yesterday.这是我昨天买的智能手机。He came late again and this made his bss angry.他又迟到了，这使他的老板很生气。
单句语法填空（1）He has three sns，nne f ____________ is an architect.（2）He has three sns，but nne f ____________（they） is an archaelgist.（3）［2021·浙江1 月卷］BMI（体重指数） is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl____________ gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
Language pints
教材原句p.4Did yu cme t any cnclusins?你得出什么结论了吗?
1 cnclusin n. 结论；推论arrive at/cme t/reach/draw a cnclusin 得出结论搭配jump t cnclusins 匆忙下结论in cnclusin 最后（用于文章或讲话的末尾，表示即将结束） a cnclusin 使……结束He came t a cnclusin that it was nt easy t select a satisfactryassistant. 他得出结论，挑选一个令人满意的助手是不容易的。［词汇复现］In cnclusin，n ne can easily claim wh will win in a tight match. 总之，没有人能轻易地断言一场胶着状态的比赛最后谁会赢。［词汇复现］
【词语积累】cnclude v. 断定；推断出；得出结论；使结束 从……中推断出……cnclude（sth.） with 用……结束（某事）t cnclude（=in cnclusin） 最后I cncluded frm his wrds that he lacked cnfidence.我从他的话中得出结论，他缺乏信心。The evening cncluded with dinner and speeches.这个夜晚在宴会和讲话中结束了。【归纳拓展】cnclude v. → cnclusin n. 结束 decide v. → decisin n. 决定explde v. → explsin n. 爆炸 persuade v. → persuasin n. 说服
单句语法填空（1）Dn’t jump t ____________（cnclude） befre cnsidering all the facts，r yu may be easily taken in.（2）The research lacks slid evidence，and therefre，its ____________（cnclude）are dubtful.（3）____________ cnclusin，I wuld like t thank everyne wh has helped us.（4）The speaker cncluded his speech ____________a famus saying.完成句子（5）Many experts ____________________________ （得出结论） that many diseases were related t smking.（6）________________________（最后），with this extra evidence，we can draw a cnclusin with certainty.
系动词是are，所以主语用复数形式。
drew/reached the cnclusin
句中 that 引导同位语从句，解释说明cnclusin 的具体内容。
T cnclude/In cnclusin
教材原句p.5There is nthing we can d t help Linda. Her circumstances are beynd ur cntrl. 我们没有办法帮助琳达。她的情况我们无法控制。2 circumstance n.［usually pl.］条件；环境；状况；境况，境遇，（尤指）经济状况搭配 在……情况下under/in n circumstances 决不，无论如何都不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构）Under such circumstances，they are likely t buy suvenirs in her shp. 在这种情况下，他们可能会去她的商店买纪念品。Under n circumstances shuld the will f the minrity verride the will f the majrity f peple. 在任何情况下，少数人的意志不能凌驾于多数人的意志之上。［词汇复现］Adlescents tend t adapt t the study atmsphere and circumstance quickly. 青少年往往能很快地适应学习氛围和环境。family/persnal circumstances 家庭 / 个人经济状况【学法点拨】表示否定意义的介词短语 at n time（在任何时候都不），n n cnditin（无论如何都不），n n accunt（决不），in n way（决不），in n sense（决不）等位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构。
单句语法填空（1）____________ n circumstances can we agree t such a principle.（2）Due t ____________（circumstance） beynd ur cntrl the lecture was put ff.完成句子（3）［词汇复现］_______________________________（在某些情况下），I may decide t take a chance.（4）______________________________（我绝对不会）accept yur unreasnable request.（5）［2019· 天津卷］The prfessr warned the students that n n accunt ____________ （他们应该使用）mbile phnes in his class.
circumstances
Under/In certain circumstances
Under/In n circumstances will I
shuld they use
教材原句p.5The building under cnstructin was designed by I.M. Pei—a famus Chinese-American architect.正在建造的大楼是由著名的美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭设计的。3 under cnstructin 在建造中The stadium is currently under cnstructin（= being cnstructed）.体育馆目前正在建造中。【学法点拨】“under + n.”常表示正在进行的动作，而且包含被动含义，相当于进行时的被动语态。under cntrl 被控制住 under repair 在修理中under bservatin 在监视中 under cnsideratin 在考虑中under treatment 在治疗中 under discussin 在讨论中
【归纳拓展】“介词at/in/n + 名词”可表示某种状态或持续的活动，此时名词前一般不加冠词。at peace 处于和平状态 at table 在吃饭at wrk 在上班 at schl 在上学at church 在做礼拜 at sea 在航海；茫然in truble 处于困境中 in danger 处于危险中n sale 上市；减价销售 n hliday 在休假n fire 着火，失火 n duty 值班n shw 在展出 n strike 在罢工n trial 在审理中 n business 出差
单句语法填空（1）A new highway is said t be ____________cnstructin.（2）The cuntries have been ____________ peace fr mre than a century.（3）He is ready t give a hand whenever his friends are ____________ truble.（4）［词汇复现］Apart frm the artist’s mre than 800 paintings，ther artists’ paintings are als____________ shw in the hallways.完成句子（5）A new pwer statin is _____________________________________（在建设中）. （6）The tw cuntries nce ____________（在交战） during the Secnd Wrld War are nw ____________（处于和平状态）.（7）The church attacked by the enemy in a war was ____________（着火）.（8）The new cuple are ____________（在休假）in Paris at present.
under cnstructin/ being cnstructed
教材原句p.4It struck him that the ther Chinese men in the pht apparently did nt care abut what was happening t their fellw cuntrymen. 令他吃惊的是，照片中的其他中国男子显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么事。【句式分析】本句中it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。what was happening t their fellw cuntrymen 是宾语从句，作care abut 的宾语。1 It strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起……（=It ccurs t sb. that...）It struck/hit/ccurred t me that the band which I admired wuld perfrm at the Natinal Stadium the next day. 我突然想起我崇拜的乐队第二天将在国家体育场演出。【学法点拨】Sth. strikes/hits/ccurs t sb. 表示“某事突然出现在某人的脑海里”。A bright idea suddenly struck/hit/ccurred t me that I culd use the mney I saved t help a pr student in the cuntryside. 我突然想到一个好主意，我可以用我存下来的钱去帮助一个农村的贫困学生。
单句语法填空（1）It ____________（strike） me that I culd spend a meaningful festival at the shelter.（2）It ccurred ____________ me that I frgt t turn ff the tap.完成句子（3）______________________________（她突然想到）she shuld make a summary abut this year’s wrk.（4）As I watched them，_________________________________________________（我产生了一个想法）.
It struck/hit/ccurred t her that
an idea struck me/an idea hit me/an idea ccurred t me
教材原句p.4Frm this，he cncluded that the crucial prblem in China was nt physical illness，but the spiritual illness f peple at that time. 由此，他得出结论，当时中国的重要问题不是身体疾病，而是人们的精神疾病。【句式分析】本句中第一个 that 引导宾语从句，其中 连接并列的表语physical illness 和the spiritual illness f peple。2 不是……而是……He is nt a painter but an architect. 他不是画家，而是建筑师。Nt yu but I am t be respnsible fr the mistake.不是你而是我对此错误负有责任。【归纳拓展】（既不…… 也不……），（或者…… 或者……），nt als...（不仅……而且……）， 连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近一致”原则。Either Tm r yu are ging t d it.或者是汤姆或者是你要做这件事。
单句语法填空（1）Nt I but my brther ____________（be） there already.（2）Neither his parents nr he ____________（visit）his grandparents s far this mnth.（3）Nt nly the students but als the teacher____________（be） interested in playing ftball.完成句子（4）Nt they but I ____________（对……感到震惊） the result.（5）Either the expert r his assistants ________________________ （将要参加） the meeting.
has visited
s far this mnth 表明要用现在完成时。
was shcked at
are ging t attend
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