2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题三 名词和主谓一致综合训练（A卷）

这是一份2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题三 名词和主谓一致综合训练（A卷），共7页。试卷主要包含了填空，阅读理解，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.A new study has fund n evident _____(prve) that sunscreen increases the risk f skin cancer.
2.Facing the serius situatin, the hspital has set up medical tents t avid crss _____(infect) amng patients.
3.The twn has changed beynd ____________(recgnize) since I was last here.
4.While crssing a rad, yu must pay attentin t the _______ (surrund), such as the traffic lights.
5.With everything dne, we felt a sense f _______________ (achieve).
6.I we yu an__________(aplgize) fr what I said this mrning.
7.As we had expected, _______________ (curius) drve Jim inside.
8.He hates ________________ (vilent) in any frm.
9.Having rid the cmpany f heavy debts, the manager smiled with ____________ (satisfy).
10.Tday we have the _______________(free) t decide ur wn prspects.
11.The number f the audience _____(be) s large that n seat was left in the grand hall.
12.Fr peple n high incmes, a city prvides a clrful envirnment which _____(enable) them t enjy their mdem life.
13.Every student tgether with teachers wh are t visit the museum _____ (be) asked t be at the schl gate befre 8: 30 in the mrning.
14.Reading classical nvels and making sme scial investigatins ________(be) assignments fr the students during the hliday.
15.Generally, students' inner mtivatin with high expectatins frm thers _________(be) essential t their develpment.
16.Abut 3,500 dllars _________(have) been raised fr the sick by.
17.Neither fd nr clthes _________(have) been sent t the ld man since tw years ag.
18.Every man and every wman _________(attend) the meeting.
19.As far as I am cncerned, smetimes the true ___________(lk) less attractive than the false.
20.The cmmittee ___________(differ) as t wh the next chairman shuld be.
二、阅读理解
Finnish researchers say they have prduced cffee in a labratry that smells and tastes very similar t the real thing.
The team reprts that lab-grwn cffee culd be imprtant as climate change cntinues t threaten traditinal cffee farming. Scientists atFinland’s Research Centre created cell cultures frm the leaves f cffee plants. The prcess invlves flating the cell cultures in bireactrs (生物反应器) filled with nutrients (养分). The same methd is used t make ther kinds f animal— and plant-based prducts.
Heikki Aisala is a researcher wh versaw the prcess. Aisala said cups f the cellular cffee prbably wuld nt pass taste tests cmparing it t traditinal cffee. "It tastes like a cmbinatin f different types f cffees,"Aisala said. The researcher added that while the cellular cffee was nt ready fr the market just yet, "it certainly des resemble cffee at the mment." Aisala added it was pssible that the lab-grwn versin culd ne day develp int a multi-billin-dllar industry.
Research team leader Heik Rischer said cell cultures ffer a mre sustainable way t make cffee. This is because cffee is in high demand. This has led t cuntries pening up mre land t grw cffee beans, which causes increased defrestatin. Rischer said the envirnmental benefits f lab-grwn cffee include reduced use f pesticides(农药) and fertilizer and less need t ship cffee beans lng distances t markets.
In Eurpe, lab-grwn cffee wuld need t be apprved befre it culd be marketed. But an imprtant questin remains: Will cffee lvers actually drink the lab—grwn creatin? Satu, a server in a Helsinki cffee shp said, "I think smeday we’re ging that way because f all the natural cffee surces disappearing. S, we have t mve alng and if it tastes gd and the arma (香味) is cffee-based, s why nt? I think it’s pssible."
1.Why is the lab-grwn cffee significant?
A.It slws dwn climate change.
B.It ensures the prductin f cffee.
C.It imprves traditinal cffee farming.
D.It shrtens the time f planting cffee.
2.What can we knw abut the cellular cffee?
A.It lks like traditinal cffee.
B.It has passed taste tests successfully.
C.It tastes like many kinds f cffees.
D.It cntains many types f nutrients.
3.Hw des Heik Rischer think f the lab-grwn cffee?
A.It has been well received by peple.
B.It has been in the markets already.
C.It benefits the envirnment greatly.
D.It is ready fr mass prductin.
4.What’s the attitude f Satu t the lab-grwn cffee?
A.Negative.B.Dubtful.C.Cncerned.D.Psitive.
三、语法填空
The Organizing Cmmittee f the Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022 revealed its Olympic trch design in the Natinal Aquatics(水上运动) Centre, ①_____ has been transfrmed int the "Ice Cube" fr next year’s Olympic Winter Games curling(冰壶) cmpetitin.
The winning design, ②_____(select) frm 182 entries in a glbal cmpetitin, was praised by Beijing 2022’s judges fr ③_____(it)cmbinatin f bth Chinese aesthetic(审美的) value ④_____ advanced technlgy.
One f the design highlights ⑤_____(allw) tw Olympic trches t lck int each ther at the tp when trchbearers exchange the flame during the Olympic Trch Relay. The tw-tne design represents an indicatin f fire and ice, symblizing hw it will bring light and ⑥_____(warm) t the winter sprts scene.
In recgnitin f Beijing’s status as the wrld’s first city ⑦_____(hst)bth the Summer and Winter Games, the design f the 2022 Olympic trch is similar ⑧_____ the 2008 Olympic trch, and by ⑨_____ same clr cmbinatin and artistic elements frm that trch, the Organizing Cmmittee aims t present Beijing’s rich Olympic culture.
Planning fr the Olympic Trch Relay and the selectin f trchbearers fr the Games are ⑩_____(current) underway, with detailed infrmatin t be released in the near future by the Beijing 2022 Organizing Cmmittee.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：prf
解析：句意为:一项新的研究发现没有明显的证据证明防晒霜会增加患皮肤癌的风险。设空处作fund的宾语,应用名词。故填prf。
2.答案：infectin
解析：句意为:面对严峻的形势,这家医院已经搭起了医疗帐篷,以避免病人之间的交叉感染。设空处作avid的宾语,应用名词。crss infectin意为"交叉感染"。故填infectin。
3.答案：recgnitin
解析：自从我上次来这里，这个城镇已经变得认不出了。beynd recgnitin面目全非；识别不出，固定短语，古用名词recgnitin作介词beynd的宾语，故填recgnitin。
4.答案：surrundings
解析：考查名词。句意：过马路时，必须注意周围的环境，例如交通信号灯。the 后接名词，surrundings常用是一个复数形式的单词，指"环境，周围的事物"，指周围的具体的物质性的东西。故填surrundings。
5.答案：achievement
解析：考查名词。句意：每一件事都完成了，我们感到一种成就感。a sense f +名词，意为"一种……的感觉"，此空用名词形式。故填achievement。
6.答案：aplgy
解析：
句意:我该为今早所说的话向你道歉。we sb. an aplgy fr sth. "因某事向某人道歉"。
7.答案：curisity
解析：考查名词。句意：正如我们所料，好奇心驱使吉姆进屋。此空用名词形式作句子的主语。故填curisity。
8.答案：vilence
解析：考查名词。句意：他讨厌任何形式的暴力。此空用名词形式作动词hates的宾语。故填vilence。
9.答案：satisfactin
解析：考查名词。句意：公司摆脱了沉重的债务后，经理满意地笑了。介词with后接名词作宾语，此空用名词形式。故填satisfactin。
10.答案：freedm
解析：考查名词。句意：今天我们有自由决定自己的前途。定冠词the后面用名词形式作动词have的宾语，have the freedm t d sth.意为"有做某事的自由"。故填freedm。
11.答案：was
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:观众人数太多了,大厅里一个座位也没有了。"the number f+名词"表示"……的数量",其后的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,又根据本句时态为一般过去时可知用was。
12.答案：enables
解析：考查主谓一致。句意:对于高收入的人来说,城市提供丰富多彩的环境,使他们能够享受他们的现代生活。分析句子可知which引导定语从句,先行词为envirnment,所以此处用enable的第三人称单数形式。
13.答案：is
解析：主语后面有"tgether with +名词/代词"短语时, 谓语动词应和前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致, 故此句的谓语动词要与Every student在数上保持一致, 用第三人称单数形式; 由定语从句中的are可知, 此处用一般现在时。故填is。
14.答案：are
解析：考查主谓一致。句意:阅读古典小说和进行一些社会调查是学生们的假期作业。 and连接的两个动词-ing形式短语作主语,且指不同性质的两件事时,谓语动词用复数。
15.答案：is
解析：句意:一般说来,别人对其期望值高的学生,他们的内在动机对自身的发展是至关重要的。mtivatin是第三人称单数,因此谓语动词用单数形式。
16.答案：has
解析：句意:已经为那位生病的男孩募集了3500美元。表示时间、重量、距离、金钱等的名词作主语时,往往看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
17.答案：have
解析：句意:自从两年前以来,食物和衣服都没有送到那位老人那里。根据时间状语since tw years ag可知应用现在完成时,主语由等连接时,谓语通常遵循就近一致原则。
18.答案：attends
解析：句意:每个男人和每个女人都参加会议。由 n..., each..., every..., many many a... 等构成复合主语时,谓语动词用单数。
19.答案：lks
解析：表示不可数的事物、抽象概念或某种特征的一类东西作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
20.答案：differ
解析：句意:委员会成员对于谁应担任下届主席,意见不一。集体名词作主语,如果指整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果指具体成员,谓语动词用复数形式。根据句意可知,此处谓语动词应用复数形式。
二、阅读理解
答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.C; 4.D
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句的"The team reprts that lab-grwn cffee culd be imprtant as climate change cntinues t threaten traditinal cffee farming.(该小组报告说,随着气候变化继续威胁传统的咖啡种植,实验室种植的咖啡可能很重要。)"可知,实验室培育的咖啡意义重大,因为它保证了咖啡的生产。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句的"It tastes like a cmbinatin f different types f cffees(它尝起来像是不同种类咖啡的混合)"可知,这种咖啡尝起来像是不同种类咖啡的组合。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句中的"the envirnmental benefits f lab-grwn cffee include reduced use f pesticides and fertilizer and less need t ship cffee beans lng distances t markets.(实验室种植的咖啡对环境的好处包括减少农药和化肥的使用,以及减少将咖啡豆长途运输到市场的需要。)"可知,Heik Rischeri认为实验室培育的咖啡对环境有很大的好处。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的"I think smeday we're ging that way because f all the natural cffee surces disappearing. S, we have t mve alng and if it tastes gd and the arma(香味) is cffee-based, s why nt? I think it's pssible.(我想有-天我们会走那条路,因为所有的天然咖啡资源都消失了。所以,我们必须继续,如果它尝起来很好,而且有咖啡的香味。为什么不呢?我认为这是可能的。)可知,Satu对人造咖啡的态度是积极的。故选D。
三、语法填空
答案：①which ②selected ③its ④and ⑤allws ⑥warmth ⑦t hst ⑧t ⑨the ⑩currently
解析：①考查定语从句。句意:北京2022年冬奥会组委会在国家游泳中心展示了奥运火炬设计,该中心已被改造成"冰立方",用于明年冬奥会冰壶比赛。分析句子结构可知,该空处所在部分的句子是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Natinal Aquatics Centre,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,用which引导该从句, that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故填which。
②考查过去分词。句意:该设计从全球征集的182个参赛作品中脱颖而出,因其结合了中国的审美价值、传统文化内涵和先进技术,受到了北京2022年冬奥会评委的称赞。"select"与其所修饰的名词"The winning design"之间是被动关系,用过去分词作定语,故填selected。
③考查代词。句意:该设计从全球征集的182个参赛作品中脱颖而出,因其结合了中国的审美价值、传统文化内涵和先进技术,受到了北京2022年冬奥会评委的称赞。修饰名词cmbinatin,表示"它的",用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
④考查连词。句意:该设计从全球征集的182个参赛作品中脱颖而出,因其结合了中国的审美价值、传统文化内涵和先进技术,受到了北京2022年冬奥会评委的称赞。"中国的审美价值、传统文化内涵"和"先进技术"之间是并列关系,用连词and,故填and。
⑤考查时态和主谓一致。句意:设计亮点之一是,当火炬手在奥运火炬传递过程中交换火种时,两个奥运火炬在顶端相互锁定。描述一个客观的事实,用一般现在时;在"ne f+可数名词复数"结构中,谓语动词用单数,故填allws。
⑥考查名词。句意:双色设计代表了火和冰的象征,象征着它将如何为冬季运动现场带来光明和温暖。该空作bring的宾语,用名词,warmth是不可数名词,故填warmth。
⑦考查不定式。句意:为了承认北京作为世界上第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市的地位,2022年奥运会火炬的设计与2008年奥运会火炬相似,并通过与奥运会火炬相同的色彩组合和艺术元素,组委会旨在展示北京丰富的奥林匹克文化。当中心词被序数词所修饰,常用不定式作定语,故填t hst。
⑧查介词。句意:为了承认北京作为世界上第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市的地位,2022年奥运会火炬的设计与2008年奥运会火炬相似,并通过与奥运会火炬相同的色彩组合和艺术元素,组委会旨在展示北京丰富的奥林匹克文化。"与...相似",为固定搭配,故填t。
⑨考查冠词。句意:为了承认北京作为世界上第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市的地位,2022年奥运会火炬的设计与2008年奥运会火炬相似,并通过与奥运会火炬相同的色彩组合和艺术元素,组委会旨在展示北京丰富的奥林匹克文化。the same相同的,为固定搭配,故填the。
⑩考查副词。句意:目前,奥运火炬传递的规划和奥运火炬手的选拔工作正在进行中,北京2022年组委会将于近期公布详细信息。修饰动词are,用副词,故填currently。