2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 阅读理解综合训练（C卷）

这是一份2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 阅读理解综合训练（C卷），共13页。试卷主要包含了Picture this等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Hastings Museum and Art Gallery
Hastings Museum and Art Gallery is a museum in Hastings with a diverse cllectin f lcal histry, fine decrative arts and natural science. In additin, we have launched a digital museum via Twitter, Facebk and Instagram.
The British Library
Our imaginative specialists managed t digitize the glbes, which frm ne f the mst beautiful parts in the British Library's vast map cllectin. The virtual glbes wuld be made available fr up-clse interactin n the British Library's website thrughut 2020, with the first ten due fr release n 26 March.
Art UK
Art UK is the nline hme fr every public art cllectin in the UK. Art UK is a charity, which features almst 250,000 digitized artwrks available nline. Thrugh ur wrk, We make art available t everyne—fr enjyment, learning and research. We als ffer users the pprtunity t create and share albums f artwrks as well as "digital surrgate(替代的) exhibitins".
Leeds Art Gallery
The displays at Leeds Art Gallery have been selected by the staff t reflect the richness and variety f the cllectins. Established masterpieces are presented alngside lesser-knwn wrks. The exhibitin includes recent acquisitins and lng-term wrks frm the cllectins. There are many cllectins—nly a fractin(少量) f them are n display at any ne time. When nt n shw, these may be seen by appintment at the Gallery.
1. Which is the mst inviting t a gegraphy lver?
A. Hastings Museum and Art Gallery. B. The British Library.
C. Art UK. D. Leeds Art Gallery.
2. What is special abut Art UK?
A. It is an ideal museum fr a family.
B. It has the largest cllectin f art wrks.
C. It is a nn-prfit art learning service.
D. It displays lesser-knwn wrks besides famus nes.
3. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T intrduce virtual tur ptins.
B. T infrm readers f art events.
C. T chse the best gallery in England.
D. T ppularize art knwledge t readers.
2. In Eurpe, there are cuntless cities which are wrth visiting, amng which Prague and Vienna are bth wnderful and exciting cities with a stunning mdern atmsphere and ancient histry and culture. If yu've gt a Eurpean vacatin planned, but yur limited time r budget can nly allw yu t explre ne f these amazing cities, it may nt be an easy decisin t make, since each f them may wn sme unique r utstanding features.
Sightseeing
While bth cities are rich in sightseeing adventures, Prague is definitely mre beautiful as a city. Yu can walk alng the Danube River fr breathtaking views, sit in ne f the many cafes that dt the urban landscape, and breathe in the amazing architecture bth ld and mdern that makes up this Central Eurpean metrplis (都市). Vienna is a htbed f histry, hme t such great sites such as the Hfburg, Schnbrunn Palace and Gardens, and St. Stephen's Cathedral.
Shpping
Yu mst likely dn't travel all the way t Eurpe just t g shpping. But, if yu happen t be a shpahlic, Vienna is definitely a better chice. But be warned: fine gds yu buy in Vienna will smetimes be three times mre expensive than what they are in the United States r Canada.
Cuisine
When it cmes t great dining, bth cities are equally fascinating. Austrians are knwn fr their lve f sweets and snacks, which is reflected in many bakeries, cafés, and restaurants scattered arund Vienna. Sme restaurants in either city ffer lcal cuisine, thugh yu're mre likely t be eating a cmbinatin f Western Eurpean r even Americanized fd. Bear in mind that Prague (being that it is in Central Eurpe) will be far less pricey than Vienna.
Culture
What d yu hpe t see n yur trip? Palaces? Medieval Cathedrals? The Opera? Hw abut museums? If yu d happen t visit bth cities, yu'll find that culture equally as enriching. Hwever, Vienna has mre wrld-class museums which display the rich histry f the area.
1.Which wrd can best describe Vienna abut sightseeing?
A.DiverseB.Histric.C.Mdern.D.Rmantic.
2.Which f the fllwing statement is true accrding t the text?
A.Prague has mre appealing turist attractins than Vienna.
B.Vienna is a paradise fr shpping due t the cheap gds there.
C.The fd can cst mre in Vienna cmpared with that in Prague.
D.Prague is hme t many wrld-knwn museums and cathedrals.
3.Hw des the authr rganize the passage?
A.By cmparisn.B.By listing examples.
C.By prviding figures.D.By asking questins.
3. Like fine fd, gd writing is smething we apprach with pleasure and enjy frm the first taste t the last. And gd writers, like gd cks, d nt suddenly appear full-blwn. Quite the ppsite, just as the ck has t underg a particular training, mastering the skills f his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devte lng hurs t achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpse is— schlwrk, matters f business, r purely scial cmmunicatin.
Yu may be sure that the mre painstaking the effrt, the mre effective the writing, and the mre rewarding.
There are still sme faraway places in the wrld where yu might find a public scribe t d yur business r scial writing fr yu, fr mney. There are a few managers wh are lucky enugh t have the service f that rare kind f secretary wh can take care f all srts f letter writing with n mre than a quick nte t wrk frm. But fr mst f us, if there is any writing t be dne, we have t d it urselves.
We have t write schl papers, business papers r hme papers. We are cnstantly called n t put wrds t papers. It wuld be difficult t cunt the number f such wrds, messages, letters, and reprts put int mails r delivered by hand, but the daily figures must be extremely large. What is mre, everyne wh writes expects, r at least hpes whatever he writes will be read, frm first wrd t last, nt just thrwn int sme "letters-t-be-read" files r int a wastepaper basket. This is the reasn we bend ur effrts tward learning and practicing the skills f interesting, effective writing.
1.In this passage, gd writing is cmpared t fine fd because _______.
A.bth are enjyableB.bth are hard t learn
C.bth are necessary t lifeD.bth take a lng time t prepare
2.Accrding t the passage, sme managers dn't have t d any letterwriting because _____.
A.they rely n quick ntesB.they have excellent secretaries
C.they have a cmputer t d itD.they prefer making phne calls
3.Accrding t the authr, if yur letter is thrwn int sme "letter-t-be-read" file, _______.
A.it will receive immediate attentinB.it will be dealt with by the secretary
C.it is likely t be neglectedD.it is meant t be delivered sn
4.The purpse f the authr in writing this passage is _______.
A.t explain and persuadeB.t cmment and criticize
C.t interest and entertainD.t argue and demnstrate
4.Cnversatin ges far beynd talking. It als invlves, as Swedish authr Annika Thr has written，"eyes, smiles, the silences between the wrds." When thse elements are put tgether, cnversatinal partners feel mst deeply engaged and cnnected.
Dart-muth Cllege neurscientists have taken that idea and carried it t new places. They reprt sme surprising findings n the interactin between eye cntact and hw tw peple synchrnize(使同步)neural(神经的)activity while talking. The researchers suggest that being in tune with a cnversatinal partner is gd-but that ccasinally falling ut f sync might be even better.
Maintaining eye cntact has lng been thught t act as the glue that cnnects tw peple in cnversatin. Similarly, the grwing study f neural synchrny has largely fcused n the way cnsistence in individuals' brain activity benefits the scial cnnectin between them.
Earlier research by the Dartmuth lab had shwed that synchrnized pupil dilatin(瞳孔扩张)serves as a reliable indicatr f shared attentin, which in turn marks greater neural synchrny. In the new study, which measured pupil dilatin during unstructured 10-minute cnversatins, the researchers fund that the initial mment f eye cntact-rather than a cntinuing perid f lcked stares-marks a peak in shared attentin. Synchrny, in fact, drps sharply just after yu lk int yur partner's eyes and begins t recver nly when yu and that persn lk away frm each ther. "Eye cntact is nt bringing synchrny； it's disturbing it，"says Thalia Wheatley, the paper's senir authr.
Why wuld this happen？Wheatley claims that making and breaking eye cntact ultimately drives the cnversatin frward. "Perhaps what this is ding is allwing us t break synchrny and mve back int ur wn heads s that we can bring frth new and individual cntributins t keep the cnversatin ging，"Whltijen says.
Cnnectins between stare and synchrny might be relevant t research in mental disrders that invlve untypical interactin. The findings als help explain frustratins ver vide-cnferencing platfrms, where real eye cntact is nearly impssible t make r break because f the psitining f cameras and windws n screens.
1.What d the Dartmuth Cllege neurscientists find？
A.Peple tend t synchrnize while talking.
B.Occasinal absence f sync can be better.
C.Eye cntact draws peple t cnversatins.
D.The silences between the wrds wrk wnders.
2.When des shared attentin reach the highest？
A.At the beginning f eye cntact.B.After 10 minutes' lcked stares.
C.In the middle f the cnversatin.D.Befre lking away frm each ther.
3.What des Whltjen think f breaking synchrny？
A.It disturbs rather than brings synchrny.B.It ften results in cmmunicatin barriers.
C.It is a reliable indicatr f shared attentin.D.It adds fresh thughts t the cnversatin.
4.What des the last paragraph mainly tell us abut the research？
A.Its significance.B.Its shrtcmings.C.Its challenges.D.Its cmplexity.
5.Picture this: A gldfish swimming in a square tank n wheels as it rlls frm ne side f a rm t the ther.
It's nt a scene frm a children's bk r a futuristic mvie. It's an animal behavir experiment at Ben-Gurin University f the Negev, where researchers have successfully trained several gldfish t perate a rbtic vehicle in an effrt t explre whether their species is able t navigate(导航) n land.
It turns ut that they just might be, accrding t ne f the researchers. "Our experiment shws that gldfish have the ability t learn a cmplex task in an envirnment cmpletely unlike the ne they evlved in."
T test the fish, researchers created the "Fish Operated Vehicle"(FOV), a special rbtic car with a fish tank, which tracked where the gldfish was and what directin it was swimming, and then autmatically mve in the same directin.
Researchers tasked six gldfish with "driving" the vehicle tward a target-a clrful mark n the wall visible thrugh the fur clear sides f the tank. The fish were rewarded with a feed when the vehicle tuched the target. Researchers cnducted multiple 30-minute sessins t see hw many times each fish reached the target, hw lng each drive tk and the distance they traveled each time.
After a few days f training, the fish were able t navigate t the target even if they hit a wall alng the way r started their drive frm a new lcatin. Ntably, they weren't fled by fake targets f ther clrs, either. Initially, it tk the fish abut half an hur t drive t the target, but by the end f the experiment, they were able t cmplete the same challenge in less than a minute.
"The findings suggest that the way space is represented in the fish brain and the methds it uses may be as successful in a land envirnment as they are in an underwater ne," the study cncludes. But still, scientists say mre research is needed t extend these findings t mre cmplex scenery, like pen land envirnments.
1.What did the researchers intend t study abut the gldfish？
A.Their ptential t evlve in the tank.B.Their adaptability t a new envirnment.
C.Their ability t find their way n land.D.Their cmpetence in ding cmplex tasks.
2.What des a feed serve as in the experiment？
A.A guide.B.A mtivatr.C.A distractin.D.A punishment.
3.What culd the fish d accrding t Paragraph 6？
A.Reach new lcatins.B.Fl their cmpanins.
C.Distinguish different clrs.D.Understand simple language.
4.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text？
A.FOV help fish explre the land.B.Rbts cnduct fish experiments.
C.Gldfish fit int new envirnment.D.Scientists Train Gldfish t Navigate.
6. If yu were t thrw, say, a banana peel ut f yur car while driving alng the mtrway, that wuld be a cmpletely harmless actin, due t the fact that it's part f a fruit—right? Actually, n. A banana peel can take up t tw years t bidegrade(生物降解), and with a third f mtrists admitting t littering while driving, that's a whle lt f thrwn-away banana peels, r much wrse. An range peel and a cigarette butt have a similar bidegrading term t that f a banana, but tin r aluminum cans last up t 100 years; and plastic bttles last frever, as d glass bttles, Styrfam cups and plastic bags.
Despite the fact that lnger-lasting materials will serve t damage the envirnment and its animals fr lnger, we can't nly measure the severity f a certain type f rubbish by its lifetime. Fr example, despite having a fairly shrt bidegrading span, mre than 120 tns f cigarette-related litter is thrwn away in the UK every day. Similarly, ur regular littering here and there has caused the UK's rat ppulatin t increase by 60 millin. This suddenly isn't s mysterius when yu cnsider that since the 1960s ur annual littering has increased by an astnishing 500 percent.
It's nt a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers shelve ut £500 millin in rder t keep ur streets clean, and when yu include ur green spaces, that ges up t £1 billin. S, it's nt surprising that if caught fly-tipping yu culd face a £20,000 fine r even jail time and, if yu dispsed f smething dangerus, the curt culd give yu five years t serve.
T take back ur beautiful cuntryside and cities we need t d mre than simply nt leaving rubbish where it ught nt t be. We need a pride makever. We need t truly care mre abut the wrld arund us.
1.Which f the fllwing have the lngest bidegrading term?
A.Cigarette butts.B.Glass bttles.
C.Orange peels.D.Aluminum cans.
2.What des the underlined wrd "severity" in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A.Seriusness.B.Effect.C.Variety.D.Quantity.
3.Hw is Paragraph 3 develped?
A.By prviding statistics.B.By drawing cmparisn.
C.By making a summary.D.By explaining a cncept.
4.Where is the text mst likely frm?
A.A research paper.B.A medical jurnal.
C.A science magazine.D.A financial newspaper.
7. When Thmas Panek lst his eyesight mre than 25 years ag, the avid runner dubted he wuld ever pursue his lifelng passin again.
Indeed, althugh Panek had been crazy abut running since high schl, the idea f running blind seemed altgether t challenging. But he did manage t keep his dream alive—with help frm human guides wh assisted him n each run.
Even s, the real jy f the run—the thrill f independence that cmes frm cnquering a curse n yur wn terms—eluded(躲避) him. "When yu're tied t anther persn, it's n lnger yur wn race," the 48-year-ld said. "The independence isn't quite there."
Then Panek fund a friend—indeed, man's best friend—wh wuld help him achieve that sense f purpse. He started running with a guide dg named Gus. Nt nly did Panek rediscver his lve fr running, but, alng the way, he funded Guiding Eyes fr the Blind, an rganizatin dedicated t prviding service dgs fr the visually disabled.
On March 16, Gus glided acrss the finish line with his human at the New Yrk City Half Marathn. At that mment, they bth breezed int the histry bks. Panek, wh finished the curse in a little mre than tw hurs and 20 minutes, became the first blind runner t cmplete the race led by dgs.
Brandishing their respective medals, Panek and Gus—wh wuld retire after the race—shared a breathless embrace. "It's a little emtinal fr me because he's been there with me the whle time," Panek said.
But Panek was quick t pint ut that it wasn't just Gus wh prvided the wind beneath his running shes. In all, three guide dgs helped him see his way t the finish line. Siblings Westley and Waffle picked up the early legs f the curse, each running between five and eight kilmeters f the 21-kilmeter race.
With retirement lming, it wuld be the faithful yellw lab's last race. But fr Panek, the rad ahead remains lng and bright—nt nly fr him, but fr anyne with a disability wh still hpes t run dwn a dream.
1.When did Thmas becme blind?
A.When he was abut 23.B.When he was 25 years ld.
C.When he was in high schl.D.When he was 48 years ld.
2.Why did Panek get himself the guide dg Gus?
A.Because he didn't want t have anther persn with him.
B.Because he wanted t fund Guiding Eyes fr the Blind.
C.Because he wanted t help thse with visual disability.
D.Because he wanted t enjy the delight f running independently.
3.What d we learn abut the dg Gus frm the passage?
A.It was the first dg t lead a blind runner at the Half Marathn.
B.It ran the whle curse f the New Yrk City Half Marathn.
C.It ran abut eight kilmeters with Thmas Panek at the race.
D.It wuldn't be wrking as a guide dg t Thmas Panek any mre.
4.Which f the fllwing best shws Thmas's qualities as a runner?
A.Independent and caring.B.Passinate and persistent.
C.Crazy and emtinal.D.Kind and helpful.
8.Electric vehicles are clse t the "turning pint" f rapid mass adptin thanks t the decreasing cst f batteries, experts say.
Glbal sales f electric vehicles rse 43% in 2020, but even faster grwth is expected when cntinuing falls in battery prices result in the price f electric cars under the same petrl and diesel (柴油)mdels, which may happen between 2023 and 2025. Accrding t a study by Prf Tim Lntn, at the University f Exeter, the turning pint has already been passed in Nrway, where tax breaks(税收减免) mean electric cars arc cheaper and the market share f battery-pwered cars increased t 54% in 2020 in Nrway, cmpared with less than 5% in mst Eurpean natins.
The falls in battery prices in the last decade have been dramatic and faster than predicted thanks t a massive prductin and cuts in csts, such as reducing the amunt f expensive cbalt (钻)required. BlmbergNEF's analysis predicts lithium-in(锂离子) battery csts will fall s sharply that electric cars can match the price f petrl and diesel cars by 2023. McKin-sey's Glbal Energy Perspective 2021, published n 15 January, frecasts that "electric vehicles are likely t becme the mst ecnmic chice in the next five years wrldwide".
Electric cars, vital in effrts t fight climate crisis, are quieter and start t g faster, s peple d nt want t return t a petrl r diesel vehicle nce they have ne. A survey f 2,000 electric car wners fund 91 % said they did nt want t g back.
"The survey shws the strng and lasting impact f switching t a clean car. The evidence in favur f electric vehicles grws mre cnvincing even in a year as destructive as 2020," said Melanie Shufflebtham, at Zap-Map, which maps charging pints.
1.What leads t the grwing sales f electric vehicles?
A.The rise in petrl prices.
B.The desire fr a lwer tax.
C.The drp in battery csts.
D.The need fr a cleaner life.
2.What can we infer frm paragraph 2?
A.Plicies in Nrway supprt electric vehicles.
B.Ecnmy in Nrway utgrws ther natins.
C.The market share f electric vehicles will decline.
D.The tax breaks in Eurpe will cntinue t increase.
3.Hw will electric vehicles equal fuel vehicles in price?
A.By increasing the demand fr cbalt.
B.By bsting the sales f electric cars.
C.By reducing the prductin f batteries.
D.By cutting the csts f lithium-in batteries.
4.What is the attitude f peple surveyed twards electric cars?
A.Tlerant.B.Psitive.C.Unwilling.D.Oppsed.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-3 BCA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据The British Library 部分中的digitize the glbes…the British Library's vast map cllectin…可知,最能吸引地理爱好者的应该是大英图书馆。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据Art UK部分中的Art UK is a charity和fr enjyment, learning可知,"英国艺术"是一个供人们学习艺术的慈善机构,而其他三个选项的内容在该部分中都未提及。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第一段及各部分小标题可知,本文主要介绍了四家利用数字平台分享藏品和故事,以继续和公众保持联系的博物馆和美术馆。故选A。
2.答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Vienna is a htbed f histry, hme t such great sites such as the Hfburg, Schnbrunn Palace and Gardens, and St. Stephen's Cathedral.(维也纳是历史的发源地,有霍夫堡、美泉宫和花园、圣斯蒂芬大教堂等伟大景点。)"可知,维也纳历史悠久,因此它的观光以历史为特色。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段 "Bear in mind that Prague (being that it is in Central Eurpe) will be far less pricey than Vienna. (请记住,布拉格(因为它位于中欧)将比维也纳便宜得多。)"可知,在布拉格食物的价格比维也纳更低。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句"If yu've gt a Eurpean vacatin planned, but yur limited time r budget can nly allw yu t explre ne f these amazing cities, it may nt be an easy decisin t make, since each f them may wn sme unique r utstanding features.(如果你计划去欧洲度假,但你有限的时间或预算只能让你去游览这些神奇的城市之一,这可能不是一个容易的决定,因为每个城市可能都有一些独特的或突出的特点。)"和每个小标题可知,本文是从景点、购物、食物和文化这四个方面比较这两个城市。故选A。
3.答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句"Like fine fd ,gd writing is smething we apprach with pleasure and enjy frm the first taste t the last. (就像美食一样,好的写作是-种让我们从第一口品尝到最后一口享受的乐趣) "可知,作者把好的写作与美食相比,因为两者都是令人愉快的。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段"There are a few managers wh are lucky enugh t have the service f that rare kind f secretary wh can take care f all srts f letter writing with n mre than a quick nte t wrk frm.(有几位经理很幸运能够得到这种稀有秘书的服务,秘书们可以处理各种各样的信函,而只需要一个简短的便条即可) "可知,有些经理不需要写信,因为他们有出色的秘书。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段"What is mre,everyne wh writes expects ,r at least hpes whatever he writes will be read, frm first wrd t last,nt just thrwn int sme "letters- t-be-read" files r int a wastepaper basket. ( 更重要的是,每个作家都希望,或者至少希望他写的东西能被人从头读到尾,而不是被扔进"待读信"文件或废纸篓里) "可推知,如果你的信件被放入"待读信"文件,这就意味着你的信件可能被人忽视了。故选C。
4.写作意图题。根据第-段文字描述可知,作者用了比喻,把好文章比喻成美味的食品,再根据第二段"Yu may be sure that the mre pains taking the effrt ,the mre effective the writing ,and the mre rewarding. (你可以肯定的是,你付出的努力越多,你的写作效果就越好,回报也就越多)"和下面几段进行了举例说明,由此可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是解释写作的重要性,并说服我们要去练好写作。故选A。
4.答案：1-4 BADA
解析：1.细节理解题。题干问神经学科学家发现了什么，根据第二段末句The researchers suggest falling ut f sync might be even better."研究者们提出……偶尔的不同步或许会更好"，与B项意思一致。故选B。
2.细节理解题。题干问shared attentin共同注意力何时达到顶峰，根据第四段的长句子In the new study, which measured pupil dilatin during unstructured 10-minute cnversatins, the researchers fund that the initial mment f eye cntact — rather than a cntinuing perid f lcked stares - marks a peak in shared attentin."在新研究中，通过测量在十分钟无结构式谈话中双方的瞳孔扩张，研究者们发现，不是长时间的持续对视，而是目光接触的初始时刻，显示了共同注意力的顶峰"，由此可知，注意力在A项"在目光接触开始时"达到顶峰。故选A。
3.细节理解题。题干问Whltjen对于breaking synchrny"打破同步"的看法，根据倒数第二段引号里的长句子Perhaps what this is ding is allwing us t break synchrny and mve back int ur wn heads s that we can bring frth new and individual cntributins t keep the cnversatin ging."或许这(暂停目光交流)的作用是让我们打破思维的同频并回到自己的思考中，这样我们就能产生新的个人贡献，由此推进交谈"，此处的cntributin"贡献"，指的应该是谈话中个人产生的新的"观点、想法"等，由此可知D项adds fresh thughts t the cnversatin"为对话增添新的想法"是合理的。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。题干问最后一段主要谈论研究的哪一方面，根据第一句中的be relevant t"对……有价值、有意义的"和第二句中的als help"也有助于……"可知，本段讲的是研究的意义，即significance。故选A。
5.答案：1-4 CBCD
解析：1.细节理解题。题干问，对于金鱼，研究者们想要研究什么?根据第二段最后一行in an effrt t explre whether their species is capable f navigating n land 可知， 他们想研究金鱼在陆地上的导航能力。故选C。
2.推理判断题。题干问鱼饲料是实验中起什么作用,根据第五段The fish were rewarded with a feed when the vehicle tuched the target"每当机器车到达目的地，鱼就能获得一次喂食"，且后文也提到这样的训练使金鱼到达目的点的速度大大提高，由此可知饲料的意义在于激励金鱼导航到目的地，是mtivatr,"激励物"。故选B。
3.推理判断题。第六段第二句提到,they weren't fled by fake targets f ther clrs"金鱼不会被其它颜色伪装的目标愚弄"，可推测，金鱼能识别不同的颜色。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。第二段的最后一句是全文中心，文章主要讲了科学家成功引导金鱼操作载水缸的机器车，测试其陆上导航能力的实验，D项中四个实词均是文章关键词，而A项FOV help fish，B项Rbts cnduct, C项Gldfish fit int等词都不合理。故选D。
6.答案：1-4 BAAC
解析： 1.细节理解题。根据第一段中"An range peel and a cigarette butt have a similar bidegrading term t that f a banana, but tin r aluminum cans last up t 100 years; and plastic bttles last frever, as d glass bttles, Styrfam cups and plastic bags.(橙子皮和烟蒂都有类似于香蕉的生物降解能力,但锡罐和铝罐的生物降解能力可以长达100年; 塑料瓶、玻璃瓶、泡沫塑料杯和塑料袋都可以永久保存)"可知,玻璃瓶的生物降解期限最长。故选B。
2.词义猜测题。根据第二段中"Fr example, despite having a fairly shrt bidegrading span, mre than 120 tns f cigarette-related litter is thrwn away in the UK every day. Similarly, ur regular littering here and there has caused the UK's rat ppulatin t increase by 60 millin. This suddenly isn't s mysterius when yu cnsider that since the 1960s ur annual littering has increased by an astnishing 500 percent.(例如,尽管生物降解时间相当短,但英国每天仍有120多吨与香烟有关的垃圾被扔掉。同样,我们经常随地乱扔垃圾导致英国的老鼠数量增加了6000万。自从20世纪60年代以来,我们每年的垃圾数量增长了惊人的500%,这突然就不那么神秘了)", 画线词上文"Despite the fact that lnger-lasting materials will serve t damage the envirnment and its animals fr lnger, we can't nly measure"以及后文"f a certain type f rubbish by its lifetime"可知,后文提到人们产生的垃圾数量众多,说明尽管更持久的材料会对环境和动物造成更持久的破坏,但我们不能只通过寿命来衡量某种垃圾的严重性。故画线间意思是"严重性"。A.Seriusness严重性; B.Effect影响; C.Variety多样; D.Quantity数量,故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段"It's nt a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers shelve ut £500 millin in rder t keep ur streets clean, and when yu include ur green spaces, that ges up t £1 billin. S, it's nt surprising that if caught fly-tipping yu culd face a £20,000 fine r even jail time and, if yu dispsed f smething dangerus, the curt culd give yu five years t serve.(这也不是一个便宜的习惯:英国的纳税人拿出5亿英镑来保持我们的街道清洁,如果包括我们的绿地,这个数字会上升到10亿英镑。因此,如果被抓到乱扔垃圾,你可能会面临2万英镑的罚款,甚至坐牢,如果你处理了危险的东西,法院可能会给你五年的时间,这并不奇怪)"可推知,第3段通过提供统计数字而展开的。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段中"An range peel and a cigarette butt have a similar bidegrading term t that f a banana, but tin r aluminum cans last up t 100 years; and plastic bttles last frever, as d glass bttles, Styrfam cups and plastic bags.(橙子皮和烟蒂都有类似于香蕉的生物降解能力,但锡罐和铝罐的生物降解能力可以长达100年;塑料瓶、玻璃瓶、泡沫塑料杯和塑料袋都可以永久保存)"以及第二段中"Despite the fact that lnger-lasting materials will serve t damage the envirnment and its animals fr lnger, we can't nly measure the severity f a certain type f rubbish by its lifetime. Fr example, despite having a fairly shrt bidegrading span, mre than 120 tns f cigarette-related litter is thrwn away in the UK every day.(尽管更持久的材料会对环境和动物造成更持久的破坏,但我们不能只通过寿命来衡量某种垃圾的严重程度。例如,尽管生物降解时间相当短,但英国每天仍有120多吨与香烟有关的垃圾被扔掉)"结合文章主要说明了不同的垃圾,其生物降解能力不同,但我们也不能只通过寿命来衡量某种垃圾的严重程度,可推知,文章最可能选自科学杂志。故选C。
7.答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容" 'When yu're tied t anther persn, it's n lnger yur wn race,' the 48-year-ld said."当你和另一个人拴在一起时 ,就不再是你自己的比赛了, "48岁的他说。)"可知,托马斯潘尼克现在48岁,而文章第一段内容"When Thmas Panek lst his eyesight mre than 25 years a...(当托马斯潘尼克25年前失去视力时...提及失明是大约25年前发生的,) " 由此可推知, 48-25=23 ,应是大约23岁时失明的。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容"Then Panek fund a friend—indeed, man's best friend—wh wuld help him achieve that sense f purpse. He started running with a guide dg named Gus.(后来,潘尼克找到了一个朋友一事实上, 人类最好的朋友可以帮助他实现目标感。他开始和一只叫格斯的导盲犬一起跑步。)"可知,他寻找导盲犬格斯是为了实现自己的目标感,而目标感应是文章第三段内容"Even s, the real jy f the run—the thrill f independence that cmes frm cnquering a curse n yur wn terms- eluded him.(即便如此,跑步的真正乐趣一以自己的方式征服一项比赛所带来的独立的兴奋感一是他无法体会的。)"提及的"以自己的方式征服一项比赛所带来的独立的兴奋感"。 故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第六段内容"Brandishing their respective medals, Panek and Gus—wh wuld retire after the race—shared a breathless embrace.(帕内克和格斯挥舞着各自的奖牌,他将在比赛结束后退役,两个屏住呼吸拥抱在一起。)"可知,这次半程马拉松比赛结束后,格斯就要退役了,且文章最后一段内容提及"With retirement lming, it wuld be the faithful yellw lab's last race.(随着退休的临近,这将是忠实的黄色拉布拉多的最后一场比赛。)" 该句中的"黄色拉布拉多应是指格斯由此可推知,它再也不能作为托马斯潘尼克的导育犬了。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容"Indeed, althugh Panek had been crazy abut running since high schl, the idea f running blind seemed altgether t challenging. But he did manage t keep his dream alive- with help frm human guides wh assisted him n each run.(事实上,尽管潘尼克从高中开始就疯狂地跑步,但盲人跑步的想法似乎太有挑战性了。但在人类向导的帮助下,他的梦想得以实现。)"可知,潘尼克对跑步充满热情,即使失明了,也没有放弃,而是在人类向导和导盲犬的帮助下去完成自己的追求,由此可推知,他是一个有热情而又坚持不懈的人。A.Independent and caring独立和关心他人的; B.Passinate and persistent.热情和执着的; C.Crazy and emtinal疯狂和情绪化的;D.Kind and helpful善良,乐于助人的。故选B。
8.答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.题干:是什么导致了电动汽车销量的增长? A 汽油价格的上涨;B 降低税收的愿望;C 电池成本的下降;D 对清洁生活的需要。根据文章第一段的第一行"Electric vehicles are clse t the "turning pint" f rapid mass adptin thanks t the decreasing cst f batteries, experts say.(专家表示,由于电池成本的下降,电动汽车正接近快速大规模普及的"转折点")",可知电动汽车销量增长的原因是电池成本的下降。故选C。
2.题干:从第二段我们可以推断出什么? A 挪威的政策支持电动汽车;B 挪威的经济增长超过了其他国家;C 电动汽车的市场份额将会下降;D 欧洲的税收优惠将继续增加。根据文章第二段的第三行"Accrding t a mst Eurpean natins.(根据埃克塞特大学Tim Lntn教授的一项研究, 转折点已经在挪威发生过,减税意味着当地的电动汽车便宜, 电池驱动的汽车的市场份额在挪威增加到2020年的54%, 相比之下, 在大多数欧洲国家不到5%)",可知挪威的减税政策使得电动汽车的市场份额不断增加,即挪威的政策支持电动汽车。故选A。
3.题干:电动汽车如何在价格上与燃油汽车持平? A 通过增加钴的需求;B 通过促进电动汽车的销售;C 通过减少电池的生产;D 通过削减锂离子电池的成本。根据第三段的第一行"The falls in battery the price f petrl and diesel cars by 2023.(由于大规模生产和成本削减, 如降低昂贵的钴需求量,过去10年电池价格的下跌幅度和速度超出了预期。Blmberg NEF的分析预测,锂离子电池的成本将大幅下降,到2023年,电动汽车的价格将赶上汽油和柴油汽车)",可知降低对钴的需求使电池的价格降低,而锂离子电池成本的降低会使得电动汽车在价格上与燃油汽车持平。故选D。
4.题干:被调查者对电动汽车的态度是什么?A 宽容的;B 积极的;C 不愿意的;D 反对的。根据第四段的第一行"Electric cars, vital in 91% said they did nt want t g back.(对于应对气候危机至关重要的电动汽车变得更加安静,行驶速度也开始加快,因此人们在拥有汽油车或柴油车后,就不想再回到原来的道路上了。一项针对2000名电动汽车车主的调查发现,91%的车主说他们不想回去)",可知被调查者对电动汽车是持积极态度。故选B。