2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题一 冠词和代词综合训练（A卷）

这是一份2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题一 冠词和代词综合训练（A卷），共7页。试卷主要包含了填空，阅读理解，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely t be _____ Beethven.
2.They accidentally fund ut that sil des nt nly absrb fat, it culd als stp fat frm being absrbed int the bdy, and help it simply rund _____ digestive system.
3.I'm _____ utging girl, s it is my strength t get alng well with my classmates.
4.There is _____ flight available t America tday.
5.The ring suggests that he was n ___________ scene f the crime.
6.Instead f surfing the Internet at hme, we shuld g ut t admire _____ beauty f nature.
7.Our team is in _____ lead at the mment.
8.Jnathan, as a yung man with a warm heart, wants t be a man wh can make ____________ difference t sciety.
9.Yu can get ____________ gd view f the park frm this twer.
10.Yu have set __________ example t us and we intend t fllw yur example.
11.Nw my hmetwn is nt at all __________ a traveler wh visited it ten years ag can expect.
12.It is imprtant t fix anything _________ might affect yur hme's heating perfrmance, such as badly fitting windws r damp walls.
13.S I went frm ne bkstre t __________, hping t find smething suitable fr him.
14.There are a lt f peple wrth respecting arund us. _________ may be ur teachers, parents r neighbrs.
15.Many peple argue that since rganic fd is planted withut adding chemicals, _________ tastes much better.
16.It's especially effective in ridding bacteria f yur teeth t keep _________ healthy.
17.Finally, the thief handed everything he had stlen t the plice.
18.They rushed ver t help the man car had brken dwn.
19.His laziness makes _______ impssible fr him t achieve success.
20.I find _____________ a waste f time t sit in frnt f the televisin all day.
二、阅读理解
As artificial intelligence(AI)systems becme mre advanced, we can expect them t be used mre ften in the wrld f human medicine and healthcare. AI is designed t imitate(模仿)the human brain in decisin making and learning, s with the cmputing pwer t learn tasks in days r even hurs, it is pssible t create medical AIs that rapidly utperfrm dctrs in certain tasks.
Data plays a hugely imprtant rle in helping AI systems learn abut human medicine. AI systems are trained n large data sets gathered frm real-life cases. Prviding detailed patient infrmatin in quantities is a crucial factr fr their success.
One f the mst imprtant areas fr influencing glbal health is in the field f epidemilgy(流行病学). Predicting disease utbreaks can save millins f lives by having resurces ready shuld the wrst happen. Startup AIME has successfully cmbined public health data with machine learning and AI t create a predictin engine capable f anticipating epidemics mnths in advance with great accuracy.
Anther field where medical AIs are making rapid advances is in diagnstics(诊断学). Dctrs base a lt f decisins n infrmatin frm X-ray, CT and MRI images. Speeding up diagnses frm patient scans can rapidly imprve patient care and utcmes. Cmputer visin AIs use pattern recgnitin t wrk thrugh these images with incredible speed and accuracy. They have been able t utperfrm junir dctrs and even senir specialists in sme tests.
Cardilgist(心脏科医生)Rima Arnaut develped an AI that beat human experts at crrectly interpreting echcardigrams(超声心动图)by 92 percent t 79 percent. She said that despite the result there is n prspect f AI replacing human dctrs any time sn. "As cardilgists, we read the images and then g t see the patient," she said. "S we're bth reading images and practicing medicine. I dn't think that the secnd piece will be taken ver s quickly."
The acceptance f AI in medicine will cntinue t gather pace in the future as it becmes mre widespread.
1.What played a big rle in helping AI systems knw f human medicine?
A.Certain tasks.B.Large data.C.The skill t imitate.D.The increasing demand.
2.Why is Startup AIME mentined in paragraph 3?
A.T illustrate predicting disease is pssible.
B.T call n dctrs t fcus n public health data.
C.T prve it's a successful cmpany in glbal health.
D.T let readers realize the imprtance f early success.
3.What d we knw abut cmputer visin AIs?
A.They d better than dctrs in sme tests.
B.They speed up diagnses frm patient scans.
C.They can rapidly imprve patients' cnditins.
D.They analyze infrmatin frm X-ray, CT and MRI images.
4.What d Rima Arnaut's wrds in paragraph 5 imply?
A.AIs are nt s smart as human dctrs.
B.It's nt easy fr AIs t take the place f human dctrs.
C.A cperatin between AIs and human dctrs is a must.
D.Human dctrs are playing a big rle in practicing medicine.
三、语法填空
Researchers at Purdue University have develped a new kind f ultra-white paint that ①_____ (reflect) 98. 1 percent f sunlight and can keep surfaces up t 19 degrees Fahrenheit cler than ②_____ (they) ambient surrundings. This new paint, ③_____ may becme available fr purchase in the next year r tw, culd smeday help cmbat glbal warming and reduce ur reliance ④_____ air cnditiners.
"Our paint nly absrbs 1.9 percent f the sunlight, whereas cmmercial paint absrbs 10 t 20 percent f sunlight," says Xiulin Ruan, a Purdue mechanical engineering prfessr and ne f the study's c-authrs.
The paint is a marked ⑤_____ (imprve) frm current heat-rejecting paint n ⑥_____ market. When struck by the sun's rays, surfaces ⑦_____ (cver) in tday's available white paint get warmer, nt cler. At best, the heat-cmbating paint can reflect 80 t 90 percent f sunlight.
"Our paint can lse heat by its wn emissin—it emits heat t deep space," Ruan says. "With such little absrptin frm the sun, ur paint lses ⑧_____ (much) heat than it absrbs. This is ⑨_____ (real) exciting fr us. Under the sun, it cls belw the surrunding temperature and that's hard fr ther kinds f paint ⑩_____ (achieve)."
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：a
解析：句意为：布赖恩有音乐创作天赋，他很有可能成为像贝多芬一样的人物。此处前应加不定冠词，指具有同样特性的人。
2.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意为：他们意外发现土壤不仅吸收脂肪，还能阻止脂肪被身体吸收，并帮助脂肪简单绕过消化系统。此处的"消化系统"为特指，故用定冠词the。
3.答案：an
解析：句意为：我是一名外向的女孩，所以与我的同学相处融洽是我的长处。此处的utging girl是泛指，所以其前应用不定冠词，且utging的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
4.答案：a
解析：句意为：今天有飞往美国的航班。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。
5.答案：the
解析：句意为:这枚戒指表明他在作案现场。n the scene意为"在现场"。
6.答案：the
解析：句意为：我们应该出去欣赏大自然的美丽，而不是在家里上网。此处是特指大自然的美，所以应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
7.答案：the
解析：句意为：目前我们队领先。in the lead 是常用搭配，意为"领先"，故填the。
8.答案：a
解析：句意为:年轻且热心的乔纳森想成为对社会有用的人。make a difference意为"起作用,有影响"。
9.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意:从这座塔上你可以很清晰地看到这个公园。get a gd view f... 清晰地看到……。
10.答案：an
解析：考查冠词。句意:你为我们树立了榜样,我们打算效仿你。set an example t sb.是固定短语,意为"为某人树立榜样"。
11.答案：what
解析：句意：现在，我的家乡已经根本不是一个十年前来参观过的游客所能预见的样子。空处引导表语从句，表语从句中含有一个wh引导的定语从句wh visited it ten years ag，表语从句的连接词在从句中作动词expect的宾语，意义上指物，因此用what。
12.答案：that
解析：句意：修复任何可能影响你家供暖性能的东西是很重要的，比如不合适的窗户或者潮湿的墙壁。空格处引导定语从句，修饰不定代词anything，在从句中作主语，故宜用that。
13.答案：anther
解析：空格处所填词表示"三者或三者以上中的另一个",故填anther。
14.答案：They
解析：句意:我们身边有很多值得尊敬的人。他们可能是我们的老师、父母或邻居。空格处所填词指代peple wrth respecting,在句中作主语,且位于句首,故填They。
15.答案：it
解析：空格处所填词指代rganic fd, 故填it。
16.答案：them
解析：所填词作keep的宾语,指代前面的复数名词teeth,故用them。
17.答案：that
解析：句意:最终,那个小偷将偷的所有东西都交给了警察。不定代词 anything, nthing, everything, all, much, few, any, little 为先行词时,关系代词只能用that。
18.答案：
1.客观填空 whse
解析：考查定语从句。句意:他们跑过去帮助那个汽车出故障的男士。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the man,并在从句中作定语,故填whse。
19.答案：it
解析：句意:他的懒惰使他不可能成功。句中用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为achieve success。
20.答案：it
解析：句意为:我认为整天坐在电视机前是浪费时间。固定短语find it adj./n. t d sth意为"认为/发现做某事是……的", it在此处作形式宾语。
二、阅读理解
答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.A; 4.B
解析：1.题干意思是"什么在帮助人工智能系统了解人类医学方面发挥了重要作用",A选项是"某些任务";B选项是"大数据";C选项是"模仿的技巧";D选项是"不断增加的需求"。由第二段第一句Data plays a hugely imprtant rle in helping AI systems learn abut human medicine.(数据在帮助人工智能系统了解人类医学方面发挥着极其重要的作用。)可知B选项符合题意。故此题答案为B。
2.题干意思是"作者为什么在第三段中提到初创公司AIME",A选项的意思是"来说明预测疾病是可能的";B选项的意思是"呼吁医生关注公共卫生数据";C选项的意思是"证明它在全球健康方面是一家成功的公司";D选项的意思是"让读者认识到早期成功的重要性"。由第三段第三句Start-up AIME has successfully cmbined public health data with machine learning and AIs t create a predictin engine capable f anticipating epidemics mnths in advance with great accuracy.(初创公司AIME已经成功将公共卫生数据与机器学习及人工智能相结合,创建了一个能够提前几个月准确预测流行病的预测引擎。)可知提到初创公司AIME是为了说明预测疾病是可能的,A选项符合题意。故此题答案为A。
3.题干意思是"关于人工智能计算机视觉,我们了解什么",A选项的意思是"在某些测试中,它们比医生做得更好";B选项的意思是"它们加快了特殊患者的诊断速度";C选项的意思是"它们可以迅速改善患者的状况";D选项的意思是"它们分析来自X射线图像、CT图像和核磁共振图像的信息"。由第四段第四句和第五句Cmputer visin AIs use pattern recgnitin t wrk thrugh these images with incredible speed and accuracy. They have been able t utperfrm junir dctrs and even senir specialists in sme tests.(人工智能计算机视觉使用模式识别,以惊人的速度和准确性处理这些图像。在某些测试中,它们的表现已经超越了初级医生甚至高级专家。)可知A选项符合题意。故此题答案为A。
4.题干意思是"第五段中Rima Arnaut的话暗示着什么",A选项的意思是"人工智能比人类医生聪明得多";C选项的意思是"人工智能与人类医生之间的一场合作是必须的";B选项的意思是"对人工智能来说取代人类医生不容易";D选项的意思是"人类医生在行医方面发挥着重要作用"。由第五段第二句She said that despite the result there is n prspect f AIs replacing human dctrs any time sn.(她说,尽管结果如此,但人工智能不可能很快取代人类医生。)可知B选项符合题意。故此题答案为B。
三、语法填空
答案： reflects; their; which; n/upn; imprvement; the; cvered; mre; really; t achieve
解析：①考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为:普渡大学的研究人员研发出一种新的超白色油漆,它可以反射98.1%的阳光,可以使物体表面温度比周围环境低19华氏度。此处陈述客观情况,时态应用一般现在时,且定语从句的先行词为a new kind f ultra-white paint,故填reflects。
②考查代词。句意见上一题解析。此处修饰名词短语ambient surrundings,根据句意可知,应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
③考查定语从句。句意为:在未来一两年内也许可以购买这种新油漆,它有朝一日可能有助于对抗全球变暖,减少我们对空调的依赖。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。故填which。
④考查介词。句意见上一题解析。reliance n/upn...为固定用法,表示"对……的依赖"。故填n/upn。
⑤考查词性转换。句意为:与目前已上市的阻热油漆相比,这种油漆有明显的进步。分析句子结构可知,设空处作表语,形容词marked(明显的)修饰名词,故填imprvement。
⑥考查冠词。句意见上一题解析。n the market为固定搭配,意为"在出售的;可买到的"。故填the。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意为:当受到阳光照射时,覆盖了现有的白色油漆的物体表面温度会升高,而不是降低。分析句子结构可知,此处作surfaces的后置定语,且两者之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故填cvered。
⑧考查形容词的比较等级。句意为:由于对太阳(光)的吸收如此之少,我们的油漆损失的热量比吸收的多。根据空后的than可知,此处应表示比较含义,故填mre。
⑨考查词性转换。句意为:这对我们来说真是个令人兴奋的事情。分析句子结构可知,设空处修饰形容词exciting,应用副词形式,故填really。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意为:在太阳底下,它会冷却到周围温度以下,这是别的种类的油漆很难达到的。be hard t d sth.为固定搭配,意为"难以做某事"。故填t achieve。