Unit 3 Natural elements 语法讲义 牛津深圳版英语七年级下册（含答案）

这是一份Unit 3 Natural elements 语法讲义 牛津深圳版英语七年级下册（含答案），共11页。
 To find out the rules of the reflexive pronouns(singular reflexive pronouns ending
   and plural reflexive pronouns ending ). To know the special usage of reflexive pronouns . To learn which prepositions of position often appear in the test and master it.              一、反身代词 subject pronounadjectival possessive pronounreflexive pronoun  singularImymyselfyouyouryourselfhehishimselfsheherherselfititsitself pluralweourourselvesyouyouryourselvestheytheirthemselves 二、方位介词  一．反身代词1. 定义反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它的基本含义是：通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此，反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性质、数上保持一致。用法口诀反身代词表自身，句中可作三成分；动介后面用作宾，表示动作回自身。句中强调同位语，主语宾语后变跟；系动be后作表语，这个用法要牢记。辨析（1）作宾语，此时的宾语指的就是主语We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.　我们昨晚玩得很开心（2）作表语，此时的表语指的就是主语I am not myself today.　我今天不舒服
（3）作同位语The thing itself is not important.　事情本身并不重要注意：反身代词本身不能单独作主语(错) Myself drove the car.    (对) I myself drove the car.  我自己开车。反身代词不能做主语，但可以放在主语后或句末。例如：I did it by myself.常考固定搭配enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；help oneself (to) 随便用；hurt oneself 伤害自己；teach oneself 自学；
get dressed oneself 自己穿衣 【即学即练】用相应的反身代词填空。1. The box _______(it) is not so heavy.2. You had better ask the driver _______ (him).  3. Take good care of _______(you).4. The child can dress ________(he). 5. The poor boy was_______(me).6. I’m not quite _______(I) these days. 参考答案：1.itself  2. himself  3. yourself  4. himself  5.myself  6. myself    二．方位介词1. 基本方位介词in在……里面The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。on在……上面There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。under在……下面/正下方What’s under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？over在……正上方There is a shelf over the table. 桌子上方有一个书架。above 在……斜上方Raise your arms above your head.把手放头上below 在……斜下方Her skirt came below her knees.她的长裙子到膝盖以下behind在……之后There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车。next to在……旁边There is a café next to the barber’s. 理发店隔壁是一家咖啡馆。near在……附近My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。by 在……旁 He was sitting by the window .他坐在窗户边。 辨析第一组：over, above和on的用法over指在…的正上方，表示垂直在上。There is a lamp over the desk.above指在上方，属于斜上方。如： Raise your arms above your head.on指在上面，表示两物体接触。如：There is a cup on the table. 第二组：under / below的用法：under在……下面/正下方：What’s under your desk?  below 在……斜下方：Her skirt came below her knees. 【即学即练】(   ) 1. The boat is passing___ the bridge.    A. through   B. below C. under  D. across(   ) 2. Two planes are flying___ the city. A. through  B. over C. on D. below (   ) 3. We can see a river running to the east____ the hill. A. under  B. below C. over   D. on (   ) 4. Do you see the kite ___ the building. A. over  B. across C. on D. above参考答案：1. C   2. B   3. B   4. D  第三组：in 和on表示“在……上”门一类——镶嵌在墙里的，用in，字画一类——挂在墙面上的，用on鸟一类落在树上的，用in；  苹果一类长在树上的，用on 【即学即练】(   ) 1. He put up a map ___ the back wall because there was a hole ___ it.A. on; on  B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at(   ) 2. There is a door___ the wall.   A. on  B. to C. of D.in(   ) 3. There are some birds singing___ the trees. A. in B. on  C. at D. from(   ) 4. There are so many apples___ that tree.A. in B. on  C. at D. from参考答案：1. C  2. D  3. A  4. B 第四组：at, in表示“在……”at表示较小的地点。如：  at the bus stop, at homein表示较大的地点。如：  in China, in the world(   ) 1. Uncle Wang arrived____ Beijing half an hour ago. A. at B. in C to D. /(   ) 2. My uncle lives ____ 88 Beijing Street. A. to  B. of C. at D. on参考答案：1. B  2. C 第五组：in front of 和in the front of in front of表示“在…之前”（范围外）。There are some trees in front of the classroom.in the front of 表示“在…的前部”（范围内）There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 【即学即练】Tom sits      the classroom ( in front of  in the front of).
参考答案：in the front of
第六组：in / intoin表示“在……里面”，强调静态；There is a ball in the boxinto表示“去……里面”，强调动态。
  The English teacher went into the classroom. 【即学即练】I can’t find my pen ______ (in  into) my bag.The duck fell ______ (in  into) the lake.
参考答案：1. in   2. into
 第七组：through / across通过，穿过 across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维
The dog swam across the river.through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。
The soldiers walked though the forest. 【即学即练】(   ) 1. Is the street too narrow for the bus to go       ? A. through B. across C. on D. in(   ) 2. A mother camel was walking        her son        the desert.
          A. without; along
         B. with; through next to; passbeside; through (   ) 3. The river runs        the city. A. across B. through C. over D. from参考答案：1. A  2. B  3. B  综合练习一、单选(   ) 1. Help        to some more meat, Linda.       A. me   B. yourself   C. I    D. mine(   ) 2. I caught a cold. I’m not feeling        today.       A. You   B. myself   C. yourselves D. your(   ) 3. Whenever Mary hears something interesting, she can't keep it to        and       wants to share it with me.     A. she   B. her    C. hers   D. herself(   ) 4. If people have problems, they should not keep them to        and ask for
       help.       A. ourselves  B. yourselves  C. themselves D. itself(   ) 5. --- Where’s my schoolbag?     --- It’s        the table,        the floor.   A. on; on  B. on; under   C. under; on  D. under; under(   ) 6. --- Where is your Chinese teacher?     --- He’s         the meeting room.    A. on   B. of    C. to   D. in(   ) 7. We can get fresh water from rain, from rivers, or from        the ground.
    A. across   B. under    C. over   D. off(   ) 8. --- Where’s your English teacher?
 --- He was        those four students. 
A. in    B. between   C. among  D. on(   ) 9. There is an apple tree        the room.
A. in front  B. in front of   C. in the front D. in the front of(   ) 10. --- Excuse me, is there a museum        the library?    --- Yes. The library is just in front of it.      A. behind   B. beside   C. next to  D. from    (   ) 11. The little elephant is afraid to go alone. He always walks        his        mother.          A. besides  B. beside   C. below  D. under  (   ) 12. I made the cake by        . Help        , Tom.      
A. ourselves, yourself            B. myself, yourself C. myself, yourselves            D. me, him   (   ) 13. Don’t read       the sun. It’s bad        your eyes.
A. in; to      B.under; for     C. with; to    D. in; on(   ) 14. The fireman saved the girl        danger.
A. from       B. out         C. to         D. in(   ) 15. Mr. Green is our English teacher and        comes from USA.  
A. he         B. she           C. it           D. they   二、翻译布莱克太太(Mrs.Black )本人就是一名医生。
_____________________________________________________________________马丁(Martin)亲自照顾病人
_____________________________________________________________________他有权为自己做出决定。_____________________________________________________________________他没为自己买什么。_____________________________________________________________________
做你自己就好了。_____________________________________________________________________我今天不舒服。_____________________________________________________________________解析：一、单项选择1-5:BBDCC 
6-10:DBCBA
10-15: BBBDA二、翻译Mrs.Black herself is a doctor.Martin himself attended the sick man.He has a right to decide for himself. He bought nothing for himself.Just be yourself.I’m not myself today .  一、单项填空(   ) 1. --- Hi, boys. How was your party yesterday?       --- Wonderful! We had a big meal and enjoyed        .A. themselves  B. myself  C. yourselves D. ourselves  (   ) 2. --- Jim, please help        to some bread.       --- Thank you. 
 A. himself     B. yourself   C. herself    D. myself(   ) 3. My sister is old enough to dress        now.A. himself    B. herself   C. myself  D. itself(   ) 4. The little kid is just two years old. He’s too young to take care of       .A. myself     B. themselves  C. himself  D. ourselves(   ) 5. The students called his teacher for help because they couldn’t do it by ______       A. herself      B. himself    C. yourself    D. themselves    (   ) 6. We should think more of others than       . A. yourself   B. yourselves C. ourselves  D. themselves(   ) 7. --- What did you say?       --- Nothing. I was just talking to       .A. myself   B. yourself  C. herself  D. himself(   ) 8. Tom’s mother often looks at        in the mirror before leaving home.A. himself   B. herself  C. themselves D. itself(   ) 9. Judy, don’t touch that knife. You may hurt       .herself   B. yourself  C. myself  D. itself(   ) 10. The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in        is very      important.       A. themselves   B. itself    C. ourselves   D. yourselves 二、语法填空根据图片用适当的方位介词填空。1. There is a computer, a box and some books        the table.2. There is a map of China        the table.3. A chair is       the table.4. A model bike is        the table.5. Where is the football? It’s        the table.6. Look! There are some nice flowers        the book shelf and the table.7. I can see many books        the book shelf.8. I think there are some pens and rulers        the box on the table.9. I can’t see what’s        the door of the shelf. Perhaps some books, too.10. It’s dark now. I have to stay        the room. 解析：一、单项选择1-5: DBBCD
6-10: CABBC
二、语法填空
1. on     2. above     3. in front of  4. next to / beside / on the right of 
5. under   6. between   7. on        8. in      9. behind  10. in  主格形容词性物主代词反身代词  单数Imymyselfyouyouryourselfhehishimselfsheherherselfititsitself 复数weourourselvesyouyouryourselvestheytheirthemselves  在……里面 in在……上面 on在……下面/正下方  under在……正上方   over在……斜上方   above在……斜下方   below在……之后  behind在……旁边  next to在……附近 near   学生易错点整理：