09 语态专题 -中考英语语法专题精讲精练

这是一份09 语态专题 -中考英语语法专题精讲精练，共13页。
第一部分  词类语法语态（Voice）Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母  必知考点1：被动语态的含义含义被动语态的含义[被动语态]指：[主语]是动作的[承受者]，动作的[执行者]由[by]引出，[by]译为“被；由”巧思：[被动]的形式①[谓语部分的被动]：[be动词 + 动词过去分词 + 其他]构成②[非谓语部分的被动]：[动词的过去分词 + 其他] 必知考点2：被动语态的构成构成被动语态的结构类     别构成形式例句时  态一般现在时am/is/are + 动词过去分词English is widely used in the world.一般过去时was/were + 动词过去分词We were asked to help them.一般将来时will/shall + be + 动词过去分词A class meeting will be held Next Monday.现在进行时am/is/are + being + 动词过去分词The blackboard is being painted now.过去进行时was/were + being + 动词过去分词Those flowers were being watered when I left.过去完成时had + been + 动词过去分词All these flowers had been watched.现在完成时have/has + been + 动词过去分词They have been sent to Britain 5 years before.情态动词情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词These books may be kept for two weeks. 需知考点1：被动语态的用法用法被动语态的用法①只知道[结果]，不知道[动作]是由[谁][发出的]·Mum was very angry because her favorite Chinese vase was found broken.妈妈很生气，因为她最爱的瓷花瓶打碎了。②[动作]的[执行者]是谁[没有必要告知]，大家都明白·It is impossible that no one cares about who can be sent to study abroad.没人在乎谁能被送出国留学是不可能的。③句子强调的是[动作]的[承受者]，不强调[动作]的[执行者]·Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。④有些[动词]是用[主动]表示[被动]a. [系动词]，如[sound], [taste], [feel], [look], [appear], [seem], [prove]等·Your idea sounds great.你的想法听起来非常好。·The cloth feels smooth.这块布摸起来顺滑。·She looks younger than her age.她看起来比她世纪年级要小。b. 某些可用来表示[主语][内在品质]或[性能]的动词，其后常跟一个[副词]，如[lock], [shut], [open], [read], [write], [sell], [wash], [clean], [draw], [cut], [translate]等·The door locks easily.那个门轻松地就被锁上了。·The clothes washes easily.那件衣服清洗轻松。·The pen write smoothly.这只钢笔书写顺滑。c. 有些动词如，[need], [require], [want]或[形容词短语][be worth]等后常跟[动名词]的[主动形式]表示[被动含义]·This film is worth seeing.这部电影值得看。d. 某些[adj. + to + do]结构中，[不定式]与句子的[主语]有[动宾关系]时，多用[主动]表[被动]·The picture is pleasant to look at.这幅图好看。·The sentence is not easy to understand.这句话不容易理解。 需知考点2：被动语态的识别识别被动语态的识别①[物作主语]：优先考虑是[被动语态]②[人作主语]：需要多结合[句意理解]③[空后有by + 人/物]：优先考虑是[被动语态]                   语态专练I. 单项选择1. （2021·湖北天门·中考真题）—How clean your bike is!—Thank you. It ________ very often.A. is washed B. washesC. was washingD. washed2. （2021·广西桂林·中考真题）These great books ________ by people all over the world today.A. were readB. read C. are read3. （2021·四川资阳·中考真题）Tianwen 1 ________ into space last year and landed successfully on Mars recently.A. sentB. is sent C. was sent D. had sent4. （2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In the year of 2020, each of us ________ by the people like Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan who taught us how to fight against the difficulties in life with a strong will.A. were greatly encouragedB. greatly encouragesC. greatly encouragedD. was greatly encouraged5. （2021·湖南株洲·中考真题）This TV program discusses where the best tea leaves ________.A. were produced B. have producedC. produced 6. （2021·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—I ________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.—Lucky you!A. was chosenB. am chosen C. will be chosen7. （2021·江苏徐州·中考真题）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou in September 2022. I can’t wait!A. were heldB. will be held C. have heldD. are held 8. （2021·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Some new airports ________ in the west of our country. It will save our time to go there.A. buildB. will build C. will be built9. （2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）More dinosaur fossils(化石), including footprints, bones or eggs, could ________ in the future.A. discoverB. be discoveredC. have discovered D. be discovering10. （2021·广西贵港·中考真题）—Mum, could I help you take out the rubbish?—Sure. But it ________ into different kinds for recycling first.A. separatesB. should separateC. was separatedD. should be separated11. （2021·云南昆明·中考真题）A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser, they ________ to make their own decisions.A. should allowB. shouldn’t allowC. should be allowedD. shouldn’t be allowed12. （2021·四川达州·中考真题）— Why do some whales have to ________?— Because humans catch whales for meat, fat and oil. Some of them are ________.A. protect; dangerousB. protect; endangeredC. be protected; dangerous D. be protected; endangeredII. 用所给单词的适当形式填空13. （2021·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Should teenagers be ________（allow） to choose their own clothes?14. （2021·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）The list of winners will ________ (put) up on the school website.15. （2021·江苏泰州·中考真题）Beijing opera ________ (introduce) to more people around the world during the 2020 Mei Lanfang Art Festival.16. （2021·江苏常州·中考真题）It is said that this museum _________ (name) after Qu Qiubai many years ago. 17. （2021·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）His new novel is very popular and it ___________ (sell) out last week.18. （2021·湖南常德·中考真题）One of the most famous Marvel heroic character—Spiderman, ________(create) in 1962.19. （2021·内蒙古兴安盟·中考真题）Rubbish is ________ (separate) into groups in many other cities now, following the practice in Shanghai.20. （2021·江苏无锡·中考真题）The beans of this kind ________ (sell) in only a few coffee shops in Shanghai at present.III. 完成句子21. （2021·辽宁丹东·中考真题）我们班的学生不允许玩网游。The students in our class ________ online games.22. （2021·广东广州·中考真题）这款机器人是由一位十岁的小学生发明的。This robot _________ _________ by a ten-year-old pupil.23. （2021·辽宁阜新·中考真题）中国共产党于1921年7月1日成立。The Communist Party of China ____________ on 1st of July, 1921.24. （2021·江苏无锡·中考真题）做此决定并非偶然，对此我已思虑多时。The decision ________ and I’d thought about it for long.25. （2021·湖北荆州·中考真题）许多年前，不同的作家把这本书翻译成了不同的语言。(translate)The book ______ different languages by different writers many years ago.26. （2021·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）2022年北京将举办第24届冬奥会。The 24th Winter Olympic Games ________ in Beijing in 2022.27. （2021·辽宁盘锦·中考真题）不久之后, 我们学校将会建立一个滑冰俱乐部。A skating club ________ in our school soon.28. （2021·内蒙古通辽·中考真题）据报道今年中国又有一颗卫星被送入轨道。It is reported that another satellite has been ________ ________ orbit in China this year.29. （2021·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）你认为学生们应该被允许做出自己的决定吗？Do you think students should ________ make their own decisions?30. （2021·湖北黄冈·中考真题）为了孩子们的发展，应该减少他们周末的学习课程。（cut）For children’s development, their courses on weekends should ________.IV. 改写句子31. （2021·上海·中考真题）Doctor Wu Mengchao saved a lot of patients’ lives.   （改为被动语态）A lot of patients’ lives ________ by Doctor Wu Mengchao.32. （2021·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）I heard a girl sing in the next room.(改为被动语态)A girl __________ heard _________ sing in the next room.33. （2021·甘肃天水·中考真题）Finally, the police officer caught the thief. （改为被动语态）Finally, the thief __________ ___________ by the police officer.          练习答案 I. 单项填空1. A【解析】【详解】句意：——你的自行车真干净！——谢谢。它经常被洗。考查一般现在时的被动语态。It指代your bike，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态；“它经常被洗”是经常性的动作，应当用一般现在时。所以此处使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。2. C【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：现在全世界的人都在读这些伟大的书。考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意，主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态；结合时间状语today可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式为：be done；主语“These great books”是复数形式，be用are；read的过去分词是read。故选C。3. C【解析】【详解】句意：天问一号去年发射升空，最近成功登陆火星。考查一般过去时的被动语态。结合时间状语last year可知本句用一般过去时；主语“天问一号”和谓语动词“发送”是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，其结构为be done。故选C。4. D【解析】【详解】句意：在2020年，我们每个人都受到钟南山、李兰娟等人的鼓舞，他们教会我们如何以坚强的意志与生活中的困难作斗争。考查被动语态。根据“by the people like Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan”可知，主语“each of us”与动词“encourage”是被动关系，且时间状语“in the year of 2020”是一般过去时标志词，句子应用被动语态was/were done的机构，each of修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故选D。5. A【解析】【详解】句意：这个电视节目讨论最好的茶叶是在哪里生产的。考查一般过去时被动语态。主语the best tea leaves与produce是被动关系，且“茶叶生产”这个动作是发生在过去，故从句要用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，故选A。6. A【解析】【详解】句意：——昨天我被选在毕业典礼上演讲。——你真幸运！考查时态和语态。根据“yesterday”可知用一般过去时，主语“I”是被选中去做演讲，用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were done。故选A。7. B【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：第十九届亚运会将于2022年9月在杭州举行，我等不及了。考查一般将来时的被动语态 。根据题干，可知主语“The 19th Asian Games”（第十九届亚运会）和其谓语“hold”（举行）之间是被动关系，且题干时间状语“in September 2022”表示的语境是将来时态，因此设空处应用一般将来时态的被动语态，即will be held符合语境，故选B。8. C【解析】【详解】句意：我国西部将修建一些新机场。 去那里会节省我们的时间。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“It will save”可知此处讲述的是将来的动作，主语airports与动词build之间是被动关系，表示“将被建”用will be built。故选C。9. B【解析】【详解】句意：未来可能会发现更多的恐龙化石，包括脚印、骨头或蛋。考查含有情态动词的被动语态。主语More dinosaur fossils是动作discover的承受者，用含有情态动词could的被动语态表示。故选B。10. D【解析】【详解】句意：——妈妈，我能帮你把垃圾拿出去吗？——确定。但是首先应该把它们分成不同的种类进行回收。考查时态和语态辨析。主语“it”与动词separate之间是动宾关系，用被动语态；结合常识可知此处讲垃圾应该先被分类，用含情态动词should的的被动语态，其结构为should be done。故选D。11. C【解析】【详解】句意：很多青少年认为随着他们年龄的增长和智慧的提高，他们应该被允许自己做决定。考查含情态动词的被动语态。主语“they”与allow之间是动宾关系，此处用被动语态；再由“as they are older and wiser”可知随着他们更年长、更聪明，应该被允许自己做决定，用肯定句。故选C。12. D【解析】【详解】句意：——为什么要保护一些鲸鱼？——因为人类捕捉鲸鱼是为了获取肉、脂肪和油。其中一些濒临灭绝。考查被动语态和形容词辨析。endangered濒临灭绝的；dangerous危险的；句子主语whales与动词protect之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，have to是情态动词，此处构成情态动词的被动结构，排除A/B选项；结合常识可知，保护鲸鱼是因为一些鲸鱼濒临灭绝，第二空应用形容词endangered作表语，故选D。II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空13. allowed【解析】【详解】句意：应该允许青少年选择自己的衣服吗？sb be allowed to do sth“某人被允许去做某事”，此处是含有情态动词的被动语态，故填allowed。14. be put【解析】【详解】句意：获奖名单将在学校网站上公布。主语The list of winners与动词短语put up之间是被动关系，结合will可知，此处用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故填be put。15. was introduced【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：在2020年的梅兰芳艺术节上，京剧被介绍给世界上更多的人。根据句意，主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态；结合时间状语“during the 2020 Mei Lanfang Art Festival”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，构成形式为：was/were done；主语“Beijing opera”是第三人称单数形式，故助动词应用was；introduce的过去分词是introduced。故填was introduced。16. was named【解析】【详解】句意：据说这个博物馆是多年前以瞿秋白的名字命名的。主语this museum是动词name的承受者，根据时间状语“many years ago”可知，是一般过去时的被动语态，主语“this museum”是单数，be动词用was。故填was named。17. was sold【解析】【详解】句意：他的新小说很受欢迎，上星期就卖光了。主语it与动词sell之间是被动关系，且“last week”是一般过去时标志词，故此处应用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，主语it是第三人称单数形式，故填was sold。18. was created【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：最有名的漫威英雄角色之一的蜘蛛侠创作于1962年。主语Spiderman与谓语动词create之间是被动关系，根据“...in 1962.”可知描述过去的事，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was created。19. separated【解析】【详解】句意：现在在其他许多城市，垃圾被分门别类，效仿上海的做法。主语Rubbish是动作separate的承受者，用被动语态，此处是is done结构表示一般现在时的被动语态，故填separated。20. are sold【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：这种咖啡豆目前在上海只有几家咖啡店出售。根据句意，主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态；根据时间状语“at present”可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式为：be done；主语“The beans of this kind”是第三人称复数形式，be用are；sell的过去分词是sold。故填are sold。III. 完成句子21. aren’t allowed to play【解析】【详解】此处缺的是“不允许玩”，allow“允许”，是动词，此处是allow sb to do sth的结构，句子主语与动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时的被动，主语是复数名词，be动词用are，play“玩”，故填aren’t allowed to play。22.      was     invented【解析】【分析】【详解】根据中英文对比可知，空格处应填意为“被发明”的短语。be invented by意为“被……发明”，根据语境可知，此处所指动作已经发生过了，且主语为robot，故be动词应用was。故填was；invented。23. was founded/was set up【解析】【详解】found或set up表示“成立”；主语The Communist Party of China与动词found/set up是被动关系，“1st of July, 1921”是一般过去时标志词，故此处应用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，主语是单数形式，故填was founded/was set up。24. wasn’t made by accident【解析】【详解】偶然地by accident，是固定短语，做决定make a decision，句子主语是decision，与动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合“I’d thought”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动，故填wasn’t made by accident。25. was translated into【解析】【分析】【详解】根据句中“by different writers”及中文句意可知，空格处应填入意为“被翻译成”的短语。be translated into意为“被翻译成……”，且根据“many years ago”可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语为book，be动词应用was。故填was translated into。26. will be held【解析】【详解】hold“举办”；主语“The 24th Winter Olympic Games”与动词“hold”之间是被动关系，且时间状语in 2022是一般将来时标志词，此空应填一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故填will be held。27. will be set up/will be established/will be founded【解析】【详解】建立：set up或establish或found，主语“a skating club”与动词之间是被动关系，且根据“soon”可知，此处要用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故填will be set up/ established/ founded。28.      sent     into【解析】【详解】send into“发送到……”，结合语境及“has been”可知，此处是现在完成时的被动结构，动词应用过去分词，故填sent into。29. be allowed to【解析】【详解】固定搭配：be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”，情态动词should后接动词原形，故填be allowed to。30. be cut down【解析】【详解】减少cut down，根据“their courses on weekends should…”可知，此处是含有情态动词的被动语态should be down结构，故填be cut down。IV. 改写句子31. were saved【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：吴医生挽救了很多病人的生命。此处改为被动语态，saved是一般过去时，主语a lot of patients' lives是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式，故填were saved。32. was     to【解析】【详解】句意：我听见一个女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。根据“heard”及题目要求，可知，是要改成一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，主语a girl是单数，助动词用was。hear在被动句中要接动词不定式作主句补足语，故填was；to。33. was     caught【解析】【详解】