2022-2023学年甘肃省兰州市等3地高二上学期期中联考英语试题 Word版含答案

兰州市等3地2022-2023学年高二上学期期中联考

英语

第Ⅰ卷（选择题）

第一部分  阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge. Her most deadly weapons – bacteria, viruses, and parasites (寄生虫) – claim millions of lives every year.
    But thanks to the hard work of great scientists, mankind could turn nature against itself. And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5. 
    Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi Ōmura for discovering avermectin (阿维菌素), a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis (象皮病). Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin , a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
    Ōmura is a microbiologist by training. He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds (化合物) that work against harmful microbes (微生物). Campbell, working in the US, took bacteria found by Ōmura and took out avermectin, which is effective against parasites in farm animals. An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans, which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
    Avermectin comes from bacteria, but artemisinin comes from plants. Its discovery was the result of Project 523, a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s.
    Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites, which attack red blood cells, causing fever, and sometimes, brain damage and death. Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books. In 1971, after more than 190 failures, Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites. It was called qinghaosu, later renamed artemisinin. In 2001, the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria.
    Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites. But the WHO said that by 2013, malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000. Similarly, river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness. These days, doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth. All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell, Ōmura and Tu helped to discover.

1.The drug Tu Youyou developed, artemisinin, has proven effective in treating ______.

A. river blindness 

B. malaria

C. lymphatic filariasis

D. infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria

2. Avermectin, discovered by Campbell and Ōmura, comes from ______.
  A. bacteria   B. plants   C. farm animals   D. ocean animals

3. Which of the following is TRUE about the discovery of artemisinin?
  A. It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin.
  B. Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures.
  C. Artemisinin has saved millions of people’s lives since its discovery.
  D. Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad.

B

When 45-year-old Randy Pausch was diagnosed with pancreatic (胰腺)cancer, he chose to focus on living rather than dying. As a computer science professor at Carnegie Mellon University, Pausch was asked to deliver a “last lecture”. This well-known campus tradition allowed professors to share worldly wisdom with students as if they were dying and had one last lecture to give.

The only difference in Pausch’s case is that Pausch really was dying, but it only motivated him more. He delivered his last lecture, “Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams” on Sept. 18, 2007.

Pausch began by sharing several of his boyhood dreams, some of which he had achieved and the others he hadn’t. He described the importance of having dreams and how anyone can still learn a lot by reaching for those dreams, even if they don’t always succeed.  He shared the values learned through experience, which he hoped to pass on to others hard work,  honesty,  laughter and gratitude.

Pausch’s last lecture received a great deal of praise and attention. It became a crazy YouTube hit, and in October 2007, he presented an abridged (删节的)version on “The Oprah Winfrey Show”. He turned the lecture into a book by the same name, which quickly became a best-seller. Readers were deeply moved by the book’s representation of Pausch’s lifelong philosophy and the way it revealed the biggest source of his motivation—his three young children.

Pausch passed away on July 25, 2008, but his voice lives on in the recorded lecture and his book.  He continues to motivate us all by encouraging us to never give up our childhood dreams—a source of inspiration that can never run dry.

4. Why was Pausch asked to give his “last lecture”?

A. To teach the students.

B. To make him have a better he.

C. To cure his cancer.

D. To achieve his dream.

5. What was Pausch’s lecture mainly about?

A. His private life in boyhood.

B. Having dreams and good values.

C. The reason for his success.

D. The experience learned from others.

6. Which of the following motivated Pausch most?

A. His dreams. 　　　　　　 B. His children.

C. His work.       D. His students.

7. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Keep on Dreaming    B. The Meaning of Life

C. Motivation from Life   D. Give the Last Lecture

C

Being in the midst of a pandemic lockdown can make people feel worried. But nothing has exemplified (例证) this panicky behavior more than hoarding (囤积), specifically toilet paper.
 Seemingly transcending (超越) borders and cultures, people from all over the world, including the US, UK and Japan, have been clearing supermarket shelves primarily for this necessity. But what’s the reason for this sudden toilet paper fixation? You can understand panic buying food, but do we really need this much toilet paper?
 Steven Taylor, author of the book The Psychology of Pandemics, told the Independent that our toilet paper hoarding is a product of our disgust. During a pandemic, people’s sensitivity (敏感) to disgust increases, like when you flinch (躲避) if someone nearby sneezes (打喷嚏).
 “Disgust is like an alarm mechanism (机制) … and what better tool for eliminating (消除) disgusting material than toilet paper. I think this is how it became a conditioned symbol of safety,” he said.
 Writing for The Conversation, Niki Edwards of The Queensland University of Technology said, “When people hear about the novel coronavirus, they are afraid of losing control. And toilet paper feels like a way to maintain control over hygiene (卫生) and cleanliness.”
 Another one of the most prominent reasons behind this toilet paper trend, according to the BBC, is the snowball effect. Due to its prominent coverage, both in the news and social media, people naturally ask, “Will there be enough toilet paper for my family and me?” This invariably (一成不变地) leads to more people following the crowd and buying toilet paper because of their fear of missing out.
 “Fear is very contagious. So when those sorts of things go viral (走红), when you see people around you buying things in a panicky way, it’s going to make you feel more anxious,” wrote American psychologist Baruch Fischhoff for CNBC.
 While there are, of course, selfish people who stockpile (囤积) just because they can, it’s worth keeping things in perspective. Remember, just as countries are cooperating to find a vaccine, we must cooperate to ensure that everyone has their share of necessities. 

8.According to Steven Taylor, what does this toilet paper trend result from?
 A. The desire to get rid of disgusting material.
 B. The fear of losing control over cleanliness.
 C. The frequent reporting on toilet paper.
 D. The selfish side of human nature.

9.Whose words are quoted to explain “the snowball effect”?
 A. Steven Taylor’s.
 B. Niki Edwards’.
 C. Baruch Fischhoff’s.
 D. The author’s.

10.What does the underlined phrase “keeping things in perspective” in the last paragraph mean?
 A. Following the crowd.
 B. Reducing panic.
 C. Being prepared for uncertainty.
 D. Taking everything into consideration.

11.What is the author’s purpose in writing this text?
 A. To explore the negative effects of the toilet paper hoarding.
 B. To explain why people tend to stockpile toilet paper.
 C. To criticize those people who hoard toilet paper.
 D. To discuss people’s different attitudes toward the toilet paper hoarding.

D

Eating spicy foods frequently may be tied to a slightly lower risk of an earlier death，according to a new study.However，more research is needed to confirm the link，experts say.

The researchers found that the people in the study who ate spicy foods one or two days a week were 10 percent less likely to die during the study, compared with those who ate spicy foods less than once a week，according to the study published in the journal The BMJ. Moreover, the people in the study who ate spicy foods three or more days a week were 14 percent less likely to die during the study, compared with those who ate spicy foods less than once a week.

However，the study was observational, and so it is too early to tell whether there is a certain relationship between eating spicy foods and lower mortality,_said study author Lu Qi，an associate professor at Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts. “We definitely need more data from other populations，” Qi told Live Science.“The researchers don't know why exactly the consumption of spicy foods may be linked to the drop of early death, but previous research on cells and animals has suggested several possible connections，” Qi said.

“It is unclear whether the observed associations are the direct result of spicy foods intake, or whether spicy foods are simply a marker for other beneficial but unmeasured dietary components(成分)，” said Nita Forouhi，a nutritional expert. At this point, researchers don't know for sure whether eating spicy foods can have a beneficial effect on human health and mortality, Forouhi wrote.“Future research is needed to make sure whether spicy food  consumption has  the potential to improve health and reduce mortality directly, or if it is merely a marker of other dietary and lifestyle factors，” she said.

12．Which section of a newspaper is the article probably taken from?

A．Advertisement. B．Business.

C．Science. D．Education.

13．What does the underlined word “mortality” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Death rate. B．Living cost.

C．Physical suffering. D．Energy requirement.

14．What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．Link between food and health.

B．Association between a certain food and health.

C．Connection between habits and health.

D．Relation between food and health.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

Rachael Ray is known as a famous chef, magazine publisher, and creator of her own pet food. Recently, I was lucky to interview her about healthy eating.   15  . Here is what she said: Do what you love, and you’ll love what you do.

Ray didn’t spend her childhood dreaming of becoming a star. Instead, she remembers devotion to her creativity. “I didn’t say, ‘When I grow up, I want to be this or that.’ But I loved to read, draw, and be in the kitchen and around food.”   16  . She now spends her days creating meals and sharing ideas with people from around the world. When asked if it was exhausting to smile for the cameras every day, Ray said, “No, it’s fun.   17  .”

Eat well

Ray believes that kids should understand the need for healthy food choices. “Eating well just makes you a happier person,” she said. Ray shows people how to prepare healthy versions of any food in the world, from hamburgers to pizza to hot dogs to French fries.   18  .

Read a lot

I asked Ray if she had a favorite children’s book, and she named two: The Casual Observer by Elizabeth Whitson and The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales by Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith.

  19  : “Work harder than everybody else, be grateful, always try to laugh more than you cry, and don’t be mean to people.”

A. I love what I do

B. Eating good food helps me keep healthy

C. After that, I asked Ray for some tips for kids

D. I know it is hard for her to accept my interview

E. Ray ended our conversation by sharing her recipe for success

F. This creativity led Ray to produce several successful television shows

G. Ray also believes that eating good food can help students feel better and do well in school

第二部分  语言运用（共两节，满分 30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

In a remote village, selling chestnuts was the main source of livelihood for local villagers. In late autumn, the hills were covered by the trees and chestnuts were    20    from the branches of the trees，which   21    with the wind attracting local villagers to    22    them at this time of year.

The villagers took the chestnuts, carried them home and    23    them out.The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them according to their   24  , and then transported them to the city for wholesale or retail. Every villager knew that if they wanted to sell for a good price, what really    25   was to send the selected chestnuts to the market first. Many families, which were short of    26   , would go to the nearby villages to hire workers with high    27   ．

Still, to many people's   28   , there was a young man in the village who could never need help,   29   he had limited hands.He lived with his blind and old mother. He always arrived at the market one step ahead of the other ones  30   he could sell out of all the chestnuts and then happily drove back with his truck  31   ．

The secret of the young man was: after picking chestnuts, he put them    32   into a sack(麻袋) and carried them to the truck.When he set out，he chose the road,  33   and bumpy(不平的) to go,   34    the small ones would jump to the   35  of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag.It would save time for classification and selection. When inquired how he found the way, the young man   36   : “If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way.This is not an accident but a(n)   37    result.”

There will always be people who get    38  or complain when they hear bad news. As a matter of fact, if you use your head，you will be    39  to the people and things in the environment. When you turn your mind into action to move forward step by step, you can also create a new world for yourself.

20． A. holding        B. filling      C. planting        D. hanging

21． A. fell           B. shook       C. jumped        D. folded

22． A. enjoy         B. view        C. seek           D. pick

23． A. poured        B. took        C. thought        D. figured

24． A. shape         B. size         C. taste          D. color

25． A. mattered       B. cared       C. interested      D. minded

26． A. hands         B. power       C. experience     D. ways

27． A. quality        B. quantity     C. money         D. salary

28． A. puzzlement     B. relief       C. astonishment    D. delight

29．A. only if         B. as if        C. even if         D. if only

30．A. which         B. where       C. whom          D. who

31．A. full           B. filled        C. empty          D. loaded

32．A. suddenly       B. shortly       C. directly        D. hurriedly

33．A. tough          B. rough       C. regular         D. smooth

34．A. even           B. or          C. but            D. so

35．A. hole           B. tip          C. middle         D. bottom

36．A. sighed         B. excited       C. smiled         D. sneezed

37．A. unexpected     B. necessary     C. accidental      D. deliberate

38．A. stricken        B. satisfied      C. upset          D. surprised

39．A. sensitive       B. accessible     C. relative        D. flexible

第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, a famous 19th century poet and artist, was once visited by an elderly man. The old man had some sketches (素描) and drawings that he wanted Rossetti to look at and tell him 1. _______ they were any good.
 Rossetti looked 2. _______ (they) over carefully. After the first few, he knew that they were worthless, 3. ______ (show) not the least sign of artistic talent. But Rossetti was kind, and he told the elderly man as

4. _____ (gentle) as possible that the pictures were without much value. The visitor was 5. __________ (disappoint).
    He then apologized 6. _______ taking up Rossetti’s time, but asked if he would just look at a few more drawings – these had been done by a young art student. Rossetti looked over 7. _______ second batch (一批) of sketches and immediately became interested in them. “These,” he said, “Oh, these are good. This young student has great talent. He should be given praise and encouraged 8. _______ (continue) in his career as an artist. He will have a great future if he works hard and sticks at it.”
    Rossetti could see that the old fellow was deeply moved. “9. ________ is this fine young artist?” Rossetti asked. “Your son?” “No,” said the old man sadly. “It is me – 40 years ago. If only I 10. ______ (hear) your praise then! For you see, I got discouraged and gave up too soon.”

第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请您修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜钱（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只充许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last year, I went to Australia for a short-term study like an international student. One of my classmates suggested we shared our favorite foods from our own countries during New Year’s party. We all agreed to this wonderful idea and cooked my unique dishes for the party. Hariyati from Indonesia shared a kind of cookie what was shaped like elephant ears. Susan from South Africa prepared some sweet dumplings packed in several banana leaf. Chiemi from Japan cooked special rice balls mixing with fish. And I was served sliced noodles, my hometown — Shanxi’s local food. These variously foods were all delicious. Therefore, my favorite was still Chinese food.

【答案】第二节  读后续写（满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

In my early thirties, my career in teaching was not what I dreamed it would be. I left the job and moved in with my parents for a year while I tested out a new career.

Living with my parents proved to be an even bigger challenge than my new job. To tell the truth, it was probably harder for them than it was for me because I was a big trouble. I yelled at my mom for buying junk food and ignored my dad when he offered advice. I complained my mom never did my laundry the way I wanted and my dad never let me choose what show to watch. Instead of being grateful for their hospitality(款待), I was mean to them and most likely made them regret their offer.

“This is only for a year,” I would repeat to myself on a daily basis, sometimes hourly. Instead of living in the present, I would wish for the future and to have it all figured out. My life wasn’t what or where I wanted it to be. By this age, I expected to be firmly rooted on a career path with a huge circle of friends who liked to hang out. I did not expect to be living with my parents and starting over.

My attitude grew worse. One day when I was tearfully talking about something that was making my life miserable, my mother interrupted me. She nearly shouted, “Why don’t you just try smiling more?” I am pretty sure I laughed at her, but she went on to explain that sometimes things don’t work out the way we thought they would. “Don’t wait for things to get better,” she said. “Make them better.” I decided I was going to show my mother just how wrong she was. I would follow her ad-vice and try smiling more.

Weeks passed, and somewhere along the way, I forgot about trying to smile more as it became a habit. I worked on approaching situations with a better perspective and slowly star-ted to feel the weight on my shoulders lighten.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

The second half of that year was better than the first.

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I wasn’t aware that I was different, but my friend told me a simple change did appear.

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