还剩19页未读，
继续阅读
北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高三上学期期末试卷英语试题详解
展开
这是一份北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高三上学期期末试卷英语试题详解，共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
大兴区2022~2023学年度第一学期期末检测试卷
高三英语
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
On a Saturday afternoon, you find most kids outside playing games. Kids are made for the ___1___, with their endless energy and the easy way in which they make friends. It’s not ___2___ for Kameron, an ordinary, fun-loving 7-year-old girl who loves to draw out the world’s longest hopscotch(跳格子) on the sidewalk. But in between ___3___, Kameron takes time to do something special for her ___4___ neighbors whose children have long since left home.
Kameron first started waving to them. Most of them smiled back. Then Kameron decided that some of them needed a little ___5___. So she ran home, took her violin and made the rounds. “Can I play you a song?” she asked, after knocking on the door.
Gustav smiled wide. His wife Vivian, who has had muscular dystrophy(肌肉萎缩) for over 20 years, stood ___6___, and had difficulty moving about. It looked terribly uncomfortable. They’ve ___7___ their daily walks with afternoon drives, but even those are getting too difficult for Vivian.
Gustav let Kameron in, and Vivian ___8___ both arms of her chair and pulled to it. On the table beside her was a photo of her with Gustav when they were young and energetic. “Want me to play your favorite song?” Kameron asked. “Of course,” Gustav answered. It was the only song Kameron knew.
The small violin ___9___ seriously under Kameron’s chin(下巴). She played as best as she could. Vivian beat her leg to keep rhythm for Kameron. Gustav held Vivian’s other hand. It was not the performance that was moving, but the ____10____ it brought.
1. A. lessons B. outdoors C. classrooms D. experiences
2. A. easy B. normal C. different D. necessary
3. A. games B. exams C. destinations D. conversations
4. A. young B. proud C. elderly D. lovely
5. A. pressure B. emotion C. ambition D. pleasure
6. A. honestly B. awkwardly C. gratefully D. determinedly
7. A. replaced B. linked C. replied D. combined
8. A. took care of B. took charge of C. took out of D. took hold of
9. A. rocked B. rested C. jumped D. wandered
10. A. styles B. profits C. memories D. adventures
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一个七岁的小女孩为老年夫妇演奏小提琴的故事。这对夫妇生活很孤苦，妻子常年生病，小女孩的演奏给他们带来了极大的欢乐。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们天生适合户外活动，他们有无穷的精力和轻松的交友方式。A. lessons课程；B. outdoors户外；C. classrooms教室；D. experiences经验。由前文“ you find most kids outside playing games”可知，这里应讲孩子天生适合“户外”玩。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于Kameron来说，这并没有什么不同，她是一个普通的、爱玩乐的7岁女孩，喜欢在人行道上跳世界上最长的跳房子。A. easy容易的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. necessary必需的。由后文“who loves to draw out the world’s longest hopscotch(跳格子) on the sidewalk”可知，Kameron和其他孩子并没有什么“不同”，同样喜欢户外。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在比赛间隙，Kameron花时间为她的年长邻居做一些特别的事情，他们的孩子早就离开了家。 A. games游戏；B. exams考试；C. destinations目的地；D. conversations对话。由前文“who loves to draw out the world’s longest hopscotch(跳格子) on the sidewalk”以及后文可知，Kameron在玩跳房子“游戏”的间隙，她会做一些别的事情。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在比赛间隙，Kameron花时间为她的年长邻居做一些特别的事情，他们的孩子早就离开了家。A. young年轻的；B. proud骄傲的；C. elderly老年的；D. lovely美丽的。由后文“ whose children have long since left home”和“ a photo of her with Gustav when they were young and energetic”可知，现在她的邻居已经“年老了”。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后Kameron决定他们中的一些人需要一点乐趣。A. pressure压力；B. emotion情绪；C. ambition野心；D. pleasure乐趣。由后文“Vivian beat her leg to keep rhythm for Kameron. Gustav held Vivian’s other hand.”可知，Kameron的表演为他们带去了快乐，所以这里应表明她想给别人带去“乐趣”。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的妻子Vivian患有肌肉萎缩症已经20多年了，她站的时候很笨拙，行动不便。A. honestly诚实地说；B. awkwardly尴尬地，笨拙地；C. gratefully感激地；D. determinedly果断地。由前文“who has had muscular dystrophy(肌肉萎缩) for over 20 years”可知，Vivian腿有病，站起来很“笨拙”。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们已经用下午开车取代了每天的散步，但即使是这样， 对Vivian来说也变得太难了。A. replaced替换；B. linked连接；C. replied回答；D. combined联合。由后文“their daily walks with afternoon drives”可知，散步对他们都困难了，所以他们用开车外出“代替”了散步。replace ...with...表“用...代替...”,为固定搭配。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：Gustav让Kameron进来， Vivian抓住椅子的两端，拖着身子坐在了椅子上。A. took care of照顾；B. took charge of负责；C. took out of从中取出；D. took hold of掌握，握住。由前文“stood 6 ”和后文“both arms of her chair”可知， Vivian刚开始是站着的，这里“握住”椅子的两端，然后拖着身子坐了上去。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这把小提琴认真地搁在Kameron的下巴下。A. rocked摇；B. rested休息，搁置；C. jumped跳；D. wandered徘徊。由后文“under Kameron’s chin”可知，Kameron把小提琴“放置”在自己下巴下。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人感动的不是表演，而是它带来的回忆。A. styles样式；B. profits利润；C. memories记忆；D. adventures冒险。由前文“On the table beside her was a photo of her with Gustav when they were young and energetic.”以及结合文意可知，这里讲Kameron的演奏让他们“回忆”以前年轻没有生病的快乐日子了。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Two decades ____11____(pass) since newspapers launched websites, and yet here we are. Big papers have gone under, thousands of journalists have lost ____12____(they) jobs, and the idea that digital news will eventually become a decent business ____13____(feel) like a rumor(谣言). The reality is this: no social network has come close to matching the success of print readership.
【答案】11. has passed
12. their 13. feels
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了报纸行业的萧条衰落，即使推出了数字新闻，也无济于事。
【11题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：自从报纸行业推出网站，二十年过去了。然而我们仍然停滞不前。 根据时间状语从句“since newspapers launched websites”可知，主句用现在完成时have/has done, 主句主语是“Two decades ”表示一段时间，谓语动词用单数。故填has passed。
【12题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：报纸巨头们一蹶不振，成千上万的记者丢掉工作。根据“jobs”可知，需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填their。
【13题详解】
考查一般现在时。句意：数字新闻将最终成为体面行业的想法感觉就像是一个谣言。根据句意可知，主语是“the idea”，后面接了that引导的同位语从句来解释说明主语，空格处需填主句的谓语动词，句子描述的是现在的状态，用一般现在时，主语是“the idea”，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填feels。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
While Lobby Boy takes its name from a character in the film, the band doesn’t want to be known as anything reductive. But one of the film’s ideas that everyone in your life has the incredible power to tell their own story is ____14____(amaze). “In my personal life, I try to remember that even if I’m struggling or having a conflict ____15____ someone, no matter what the interaction is, no matter how small or large it is, this is a story ____16____ is unfolding in front of me,” he says.
【答案】14. amazing
15. with 16. which##that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Lobby Boy这部电影中的一个想法。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但这部电影的一个想法是，你生活中的每个人都有难以置信的能力讲述自己的故事，这是令人惊叹的。分析句式结构可知，本句的主语是ideas，指物，所以空格处应该用-ing结尾形容词amazing“令人惊叹的”，作表语。故填amazing。
【15题详解】
考查介词。句意：“在我的个人生活中，我试图记住，即使我在与某人斗争或发生冲突，无论互动是什么，无论大小，这都是一个正在我面前展开的故事，”他说。分析句意，再根据空格前的conflict可知，此处用介词with构成固定搭配have a conflict with sb.“与某人有冲突”。故填with。
【16题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是story，指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After 15 years of working to raise climate urgency, I’ve concluded ____17____ the public and world leaders underestimate how rapid, serious climate and ecological breakdown will be if humanity fails ____18____(organize). There may only be five years ____19____(leave) before humanity expends the remaining “carbon budget” to stay under 1.5℃ of ____20____(globe) heating. And there may only be five years before the Amazon rainforest and a large Antarctic ice sheet pass irreversible points.
【答案】17. that
18. to be organized
19. left 20. global
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。作者已经致力于提高气候急迫性的工作15年了，他得出结论：公众和世界领导人还是低估了气候和生态崩溃的速度和严重性，没有认识到必须把人类组织起来共同抵抗气候变暖问题。
【17题详解】
考查宾语从句的连词。句意：在15年致力于提高气候紧迫性之后，我得出的结论是，公众和世界领导人低估了如果人类不能组织起来，气候和生态崩溃将会多么迅速、严重。本句谓语动词为conclude，后接宾语从句，应用连词that。故填that。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在15年致力于提高气候紧迫性之后，我得出的结论是，公众和世界领导人低估了如果人类不能组织起来，气候和生态崩溃将会多么迅速、严重。此处考查动词短语fail to do sth，意为“做某事失败，未能做某事”，设空处为动词不定式，organize与逻辑主语humanity之间为动宾关系，应用被动结构。故填to be organized.
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在人类花费剩余的“碳预算”来将全球升温控制在1.5℃以下之前，可能只剩下5年了。此处考查非谓语动词，leave与逻辑主语five years之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词left，意为“剩下”，作后置定语。故填left。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在人类花费剩余的“碳预算”来将全球升温控制在1.5℃以下之前，可能只剩下5年了。设空处应用形容词global，意为“全球的”，修饰heating，作前置定语。故填global。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
It’s exciting when your bookworm teen announces his or her plans to be a writer. Rather than bombard them with fancy pens and motivational reading, direct them to a comfort zone: the Internet. These sites are great resources and landing spots for future storytellers.
Figment
Specially tailored for the teen reader/writer, Figment is a community dedicated to reading and writing stories online. Addictively fun, users can rate stories by whether they made them laugh, blush, cry, or just say “wow.” The site frequently runs contests and features work from well-known authors and editors who sometimes drop in for Figment chats with the site’s community.
Wattpad
It is the largest online reading platform, and allows authors to share their work with the world. Well-known writers such as Margaret Atwood and Cory Doctorow even post their work here. Teens can find and follow their favorite authors and release their own works as serial novels.
Teen Ink
Supported by the nonprofit Young Authors Foundation, Teen Ink is the twenty-five-year veteran in the fostering-teen-writers game. The magazine, book series, and website are devoted entirely to writing, art, and photos by teens. It’s also a go-to for teens interested in writing and publishing nonfiction essays and articles as well as poetry.
One Teen Story
Direct kids here to introduce them to the nonprofit’s monthly magazine. Each issue features one short story about the teen experience, usually from a known young adult author. Teens drawn to the short story form can also submit their work for consideration in an annual issue that features a story written by a teen for teens.
NaNoWriMo
NaNoWriMo is an awesome thirty-day adventure for any writer, but teens might be especially inclined to join. In November, would-be novelists over the world attempt to write a 50,000-word(or more) book in thirty days.
21. The passage is intended for _________.
A. teachers B. teens C. parents D. writers
22. Which sites may provide the chance to interact with recognized writers?
A. Figment and Wattpad. B. Figment and Teen Ink.
C Teen Ink and NaNoWriMo. D. Wattpad and One Teen Story.
23. What can be learned from the passage?
A. One Teen Story is a nonprofit’s annual magazine.
B. Figment regularly features young adult writers’ works.
C. NaNoWriMo offers teens a thirty-day adventure around the world.
D. Teen Ink is the first choice of teens who are keen on writing poems.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四个能为那些未来青年作家们提供的拥有绝佳资源的网站。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“It’s exciting when your bookworm teen announces his or her plans to be a writer.(当你的书虫青少年宣布他或她成为一名作家的计划时，这是令人兴奋的。)”可知，拥有一个想成为作家的孩子是一件令人激动的事情，由此可以判断，该文章是写给家长的。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Figment部分的“The site frequently runs contests and features work from well-known authors and editors who sometimes drop in for Figment chats with the site’s community.(该网站经常举办比赛，并展示著名作者和编辑的作品，他们有时会与网站社区进行人物聊天。)”和Wattpad部分的“Well-known writers such as Margaret Atwood and Cory Doctorow even post their work here. Teens can find and follow their favorite authors and release their own works as serial novels.(玛格丽特·阿特伍德和科里·多克托罗等著名作家甚至在这里发表了他们的作品。青少年可以找到并追随他们最喜欢的作家，并发布他们自己的作品作为系列小说。)”可知，这两个网站提供了与知名作家互动的机会。故选A项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据One Teen Story部分的“Direct kids here to introduce them to the nonprofit's monthly magazine.(直接把孩子们介绍给非营利组织的月刊。)”可知，One Teen Story是月刊，所以A错误；根据Figment部分中的“Specially tailored for the teen reader/writer, Figment is a community dedicated to reading and writing stories online.(Figment是专门为青少年读者/作家量身定制的，是一个致力于在线阅读和写作故事的社区。)”可知，该网站是青少年作家为特色，而不是年轻的成年作家，所以B项错误；C项原文没有提到提供全球30天的adventure，所以C项错误；根据Teen Ink部分中的“It’s also a go-to for teens interested in writing and publishing nonfiction essays and articles as well as poetry.(它也是对写作和出版非小说类文章、文章以及诗歌感兴趣的青少年的首选。)”可知，Teen Ink是喜欢写诗歌的青少年的首选网站。故选D项。
B
Many parents dream of their children growing up and seeing the world. But Edith Lemay a mother of four from Canada, worried her children were running out of time to do that.
When her first child, Mia, was little, she noticed she would bump into things. In 2018, Mia was diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa(色素性视网膜炎).
“What it does is that the cell in the retina dies over time and they lose their field of vision. There’s a chance they will go completely blind by midlife,” said Lemay.
The disease is genetic, meaning Lemay’s other kids were at risk. She soon noticed two of her sons, Collin and Laurent, had the same symptoms. They were soon diagnosed, too.
“Of course it was devastating(令人极为震惊的). And when you have a kid, you always have an image of what their future is going to be like and all of a sudden, you get that news and you need to erase that and think it over. And it really is a grieving process,” Lemay said.
Lemay wanted to prepare her kids for what was to come and thought about filling their visual memory. In March, Lemay, her husband, and her four kids left Canada and embarked on an epic journey, traveling the globe for a whole year—showing their kids the world, before it is too late.
During their trip Lemay is homeschooling her kids. The family also made a bucket list of fun activities they want to accomplish, so each kid can see their dreams come true.
Lemay said her kids are not only making visual memories. They’re also learning important life lessons, like focusing on the positive. “Sometimes they’re tired and there’s frustration. It’s difficult. But with the travel, I want them to be resilient.”
“I want them to know that any situation that’s hard is temporary, because through their life, they’ll need lots of resilience,” she said. “They’re going to adapt to a situation with their eyesight and then in a few years later, they’ll lose a chunk of their eyesights and they will have to readapt and adapt again and fall and get back again,” Lemay continued.
Many parents want to give their kids the world and this mom did.
24. What risk may the children face in the future?
A. They will bump into things.
B. They will be unable to grow up.
C. They may get genetic disorders.
D. They may totally lose their sight.
25. What can we learn from the passage?
A Lemay tried to erase the devastating news.
B. The travel was not easy but helped the kids stay positive.
C. The parents filled their kids’ visual memory through books.
D. The children dropped out of school and were educated at home.
26. Which can best describe Lemay?
A. Affectionate and tough. B. Considerate and committed.
C. Patient and generous. D. Sympathetic and sensitive.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，本文讲述了加拿大Edith Lemay的孩子们患了遗传性疾病，最终可能失去视力，父母带领他们环球旅行，想让他们留下美好的视觉记忆，并学会坚强和乐观，勇敢面对生活中的挑战。故事体现了父母对子女的爱。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““What it does is that the cell in the retina dies over time and they lose their field of vision. There’s a chance they will go completely blind by midlife,” said Lemay.( “它的症状是，视网膜中的细胞随着时间的推移而死亡，他们失去视力。他们有可能在中年时完全失明，”Lemay说。)”可知，孩子们患有遗传性疾病——色素性视网膜炎，未来有可能完全失去视力。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“They’re also learning important life lessons, like focusing on the positive. ‘Sometimes they’re tired and there’s frustration. It’s difficult. But with the travel, I want them to be resilient.’(他们也学习重要的人生课程，比如关注积极的一面。“有时候他们很累，很沮丧。这是困难的。但通过旅行，我希望他们成为有适应能力的。”)”可推断，旅行不容易但是有助于孩子保持积极。故选B.
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“Lemay wanted to prepare her kids for what was to come and thought about filling their visual memory. In March, Lemay, her husband, and her four kids left Canada and embarked on an epic journey, traveling the globe for a whole year—showing their kids the world, before it is too late. ( Lemay想让她的孩子们为即将到来的事情做好准备，她想要填满他们的视觉记忆。今年3月，Lemay和她的丈夫以及她的四个孩子离开加拿大，开始了一场史诗般的旅程，用一年的时间环游世界，趁一切还来得及，让他们的孩子们看看世界。)”以及倒数第二段““I want them to know that any situation that’s hard is temporary, because through their life, they’ll need lots of resilience,” she said. “They’re going to adapt to a situation with their eyesight and then in a few years later, they’ll lose a chunk of their eyesights and they will have to readapt and adapt again and fall and get back again,” Lemay continued.( 她说:“我想让他们知道，任何艰难的处境都是暂时的，因为在他们的一生中，他们都需要很强的韧性。”Lemay继续说:“他们会用视力来适应一种情况，几年后，他们会失去大部分视力，他们必须重新适应和适应，跌倒，然后再回来。”)”和最后一段“Many parents want to give their kids the world and this mom did.( 很多父母都想给孩子整个世界，这位妈妈做到了。)”可推断，Lemay带着孩子进行世界旅行，让孩子们在失去视力前看看世界，留下美好的视觉记忆，想教会孩子们面对失去视力带来的挑战，因此推断她对孩子关爱，体贴入微且充满奉献精神的。故选B。
C
We all know that eating later in the day isn’t good for our waistlines, but why? A new study weighed in on that question by comparing people who ate the same foods—but at different times in the day.
“We found that eating four hours later makes a significant difference for our hunger levels, the way we burn calories after we eat, and the way we store fat,” Vujović said, a researcher at Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital. “Together, these changes may explain why late eating is associated with increased obesity risk reported by other studies and provide new biological insight into the underlying mechanisms.” The study provides support for the concept that circadian(生理节奏) rhythm, which influences key physiologic functions such as body temperature and heart rate, affects how our bodies absorb fuel, researchers said.
The study does show eating later results in “an increase in hunger, impacts hormones(荷尔蒙) and also changes gene expression, especially in terms of fat metabolism with a tendency towards less fat breakdown and more fat deposition,” said Dr. Bhanu Prakash Kolla, a professor of psychiatry and psychology at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and a consultant to Mayo’s Center for Sleep Medicine and Division of Addiction Medicine.
The study was small—only 16 overweight or obese people—but carefully planned to eliminate other potential causes of weight gain, the authors said. “While there have been other studies investigating why late eating associates with an increased risk for obesity, this may be the most well controlled, including strictly controlling the amount, composition and timing of meals, physical activity, sleep, room temperature and light exposure,” said senior author Frank Scheer, director of the Medical Chronobiology Program in the Brigham’s Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders. All participants were in good health, with no history of diabetes or shift work, which can affect circadian rhythm, and had regular physical activity. Each person in the study kept to a strict healthy sleep/wake schedule for about three weeks and were provided with prepared meals at fixed times for three days before the lab experiment began.
Results showed that hunger pangs doubled for those on a night-eating regime. People who ate later in the day also reported a desire for starchy and salty foods, meat and, to a lesser extent, a desire for dairy foods and vegetables. By looking at the results of blood tests, researchers were able to see why: Levels of leptin, a hormone which tells us when we feel full, were decreased for late eaters versus early eaters. In comparison, levels of the hormone ghrelin, which spikes our appetite, rose.
27. According to the passage, the following may contribute to the obesity except _________.
A. the breakdown of less fat
B. the changes in gene expression
C. the increase in the levels of leptin
D. the disturbance of the circadian rhythm
28. In Paragraph 4, the writer intends to _________.
A. highlight the results of the study
B. illustrate the process of the study
C. present the purpose of the study
D. demonstrate the reliability of the study
29. What does the underlined word “spike” in Paragraph5 most probably mean?
A. Stimulate. B. Reduce. C. Maintain. D. Control.
30. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Eating late accounts for obesity.
B. Obesity can be well controlled by eating late.
C. When you eat is irrelevant to how fat you are.
D. Eating late may impact the expression function.
【答案】27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，吃饭晚会对我们的饥饿程度、进食后燃烧卡路里的方式以及储存脂肪的方式都有显著影响。文章讲述了晚进食会导致“饥饿感增加，影响荷尔蒙，还会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study provides support for the concept that circadian(生理节奏) rhythm, which influences key physiologic functions such as body temperature and heart rate, affects how our bodies absorb fuel, researchers said.”（研究人员说，这项研究支持了昼夜节律影响关键生理功能，如体温和心率，影响我们的身体如何吸收燃料的观点。）第三段中“The study does show eating later results in “an increase in hunger, impacts hormones(荷尔蒙) and also changes gene expression, especially in terms of fat metabolism with a tendency towards less fat breakdown and more fat deposition,””（这项研究确实表明，晚进食会导致“饥饿感增加，影响荷尔蒙，还会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势。”）可知，吃饭晚会影响基因表达，减少脂肪分解同时影响昼夜节律，选项C与文意不符，故选C。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The study was small—only 16 overweight or obese people—but carefully planned to eliminate other potential causes of weight gain, the authors said. “While there have been other studies investigating why late eating associates with an increased risk for obesity, this may be the most well controlled, including strictly controlling the amount, composition and timing of meals, physical activity, sleep, room temperature and light exposure,” ”（研究人员说，这项研究规模很小，只有16名超重或肥胖的人，但经过精心计划，消除了体重增加的其他潜在原因。“虽然已经有其他研究调查为什么晚进食会增加肥胖的风险，但这可能是控制得最好的，包括严格控制进食的数量、成分和时间、身体活动、睡眠、室温和光照。”）可知，这项研究尽管参与人员少，但是经过精心设计，消除了体重增加的其他潜在原因。所以本段的目的在于描述这个研究的可靠性。故选D。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前“By looking at the results of blood tests, researchers were able to see why: Levels of leptin, a hormone which tells us when we feel full, were decreased for late eaters versus early eaters.”（通过观察血液测试的结果，研究人员能够发现其中的原因：瘦素，是一种能够告诉我们什么时候感到饱的荷尔蒙。和早进食者体内的瘦素相比，晚进食者瘦素水平有所下降。）“In comparison, levels of the hormone ghrelin”（相比之下，生长激素释放肽的水平）及后文中“our appetite, rose”（我们的胃口，增加了）可推知，此处指“生长激素释放肽的水平会增加，促进我们的食欲”，所以划线词此处指“刺激，促进”，故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“The study does show eating later results in “an increase in hunger, impacts hormones(荷尔蒙) and also changes gene expression, especially in terms of fat metabolism with a tendency towards less fat breakdown and more fat deposition,””（这项研究确实表明，晚进食会导致“饥饿感增加，影响荷尔蒙，还会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势。”）可知，晚进食会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势，可推知，晚进食会导致肥胖。故选A。
D
Automation (自动化) was a hot topic. Nearly everyone agreed that people would be working less once computers and other kinds of automatic machinery became widespread. For optimists, this was a promise of liberation: At last humanity would be freed from constant toil, and we could all devote our days to more refined pursuits. But others saw a threat: Millions of people would be thrown out of work, and desperate masses would roam the streets. Looking back from 50 years hence, the controversy over automation seems a quaint and curious episode. The dispute was never resolved.
A. J. Hayes, a leader (and no relation to me), wrote in 1964: Automation is not just a new kind of mechanization but a revolutionary force capable of overturning our social order. Whereas mechanization made workers more efficient — and thus more valuable — automation threatens to make them superfluous (过剩的) — and thus without value. The opinions I have cited here represent extreme positions, and there were also many milder views. But I think it’s fair to say that most early students of automation, including both critics and enthusiasts, believed the new technology would lead us into a world where people worked much less.
As for economic consequences, worries about unemployment have certainly not gone away — not with job losses in the current recession approaching 2 million workers in our country alone. But recent job losses are commonly attributed to causes other than automation, such as competition from overseas or a roller-coaster financial system. In any case, the vision of a world where machines do all the work and people stand idly by has simply not come to pass.
The spread of automation outside of the factory has altered its social and economic impact in some curious ways. In many cases, the net effect of automation is not that machines are doing work that people used to do. Instead we’ve dispensed with the people who used to be paid to run the machines, and we’ve learned to run them ourselves. These trends contradict almost all the expectations of early writers on automation, both optimists and pessimists. So far, automation has neither liberated us from the need to work nor deprived (剥夺) us of the opportunity to work. Instead, we’re working more than ever.
What about trades closer to my own vital interests? Will science be automated? Technology already has a central role in many areas of research; for example, genome sequences could not be read by traditional lab-bench methods. Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than replacing the lab technician, but when a machine exhibits enough curiosity and tenacity, I think we’ll just have to welcome it as a companion in zealous research. And if the scientist is elbowed aside by an automaton, then surely the science writer can’t hold out either. I’m ready for my 15-hour workweek.
31. In Paragraph 1, the writer mainly wants to convey that ________.
A. automation results in unemployment
B. automation does more harm than good
C. the issue of automation was still in discussion
D. automation brings in much convenience in life
32. According to J. Hayes, we can infer _________
A. automation is more valuable than what we imagine
B. automation is a revolutionary force to better development
C. the disadvantages of automation far outweigh the advantages
D. the new technology would lead people into working much less
33. What’s the author’s attitude toward automation on jobs?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Disapproving. D. Neutral.
34. What can we conclude from this passage?
A. People needn’t work so hard due to automation.
B. Traditional labor force will be replaced in the near future.
C. Automation should be accepted reasonably in development.
D. Automation results in more job losses in the writer’s country.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们对于生活中自动化的评价及看法。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nearly everyone agreed that people would be working less once computers and other kinds of automatic machinery became widespread. For optimists, this was a promise of liberation: At last humanity would be freed from constant toil, and we could all devote our days to more refined pursuits. But others saw a threat: Millions of people would be thrown out of work, and desperate masses would roam the streets. Looking back from 50 years hence, the controversy over automation seems a quaint and curious episode. The dispute was never resolved. (几乎每个人都同意，一旦计算机和其他种类的自动化机器普及，人们的工作量就会减少。对于乐观主义者来说，这是一种解放的承诺：最终，人类将从不断的劳动中解放出来，我们都可以把我们的时间投入到更精致的追求中去。但其他人看到了一个威胁：数百万人将失去工作，绝望的群众将漫步街头。从50年前开始回顾，围绕自动化的争论似乎是一个古怪而奇怪的插曲。争端从未得到解决)”可知，自从自动化产生，人们对于其孰优孰劣的争论一直持续不断。由此可知，本段主要想表达的内容是自动化的问题仍在讨论中。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Automation is not just a new kind of mechanization but a revolutionary force capable of overturning our social order. Whereas mechanization made workers more efficient— and thus more valuable — automation threatens to make them superfluous (过剩的) — and thus without value. (自动化不仅是一种新型的机械化，而且是一种能够颠覆社会秩序的革命力量。机械化使工人更有效率，因而更有价值，而自动化则使他们变得多余，因而没有价值)”可推知，根据J.Hayes的说法，自动化是更好发展的革命性力量。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“So far, automation has neither liberated us from the need to work nor deprived (剥夺) us of the opportunity to work. Instead, we’re working more than ever. (到目前为止，自动化既没有把我们从工作的需要中解放出来，也没有剥夺我们工作的机会。相反，我们比以往任何时候都更加努力)”可推知，作者对自动化对工作的影响持中立的态度。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than replacing the lab technician, but when a machine exhibits enough curiosity and tenacity, I think we’ll just have to welcome it as a companion in zealous research.(取代科学家可能会比取代实验室技术员更难一些，但当一台机器表现出足够的好奇心和韧劲时，我认为我们只能欢迎它作为热情研究的伙伴)”可推知，在发展中应合理接受自动化。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
Not every day is going to be great. Not every day is going to be your wedding day, graduation, or birthday. We have our routines; we go to school and meet a lot of the same people. Usually long periods of time in our lives are devoted to doing a specific set of things. The stress of life can disconnect us from our surroundings and make it easier to lose touch with our need and emotions. ____35____
Essentially, casual magic is practicing the habit of seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane (单调的) life. ____36____ In a study that investigated what this does to your mood, 282 participants were observed on the positive effect of something they did. Researchers found that being present and focusing on positive moments gave a higher positive effect and resulted in a higher life satisfaction.
____37____ Have you ever walked through a patch of forest or seen the sunshine over rooftops and noticed how vibrant the colors were? Or have you ever felt a breeze on the side of your face? You just need to learn how to treasure and enjoy these moments.
Now this is not to say that life shouldn’t be negative and that we should just ignore all the bad things that happen in life. ____38____ Such emotion may be a sign that it is time to propel change and growth. Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon.
Hence, I urge you to try it. ____39____ Appreciate something small: the sunlight resting on a window curtain, how green the leaves are, the happiness of laughing with a friend, the taste of an ice-cream. Not every day is going to be the best day of your life; but it can still be special.
A. However, casual magic is the road to happiness.
B. To prevent this, apply the concept of casual magic.
C. An adequate example to practice casual magic is nature.
D. Casual magic instead allows us to listen to and examine any negative feeling.
E. Put aside your screen, be present and give yourself a chance to find that special moment.
F. We should learn from negative things and move on to appreciating moments of casual magic.
G. It is centered around curiosity and focuses the energy on observing and reflecting on the little things.
【答案】35. B 36. E 37. C 38. D 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。生活尽管单调，也经常会给我们压力，作者建议大家试试休闲魔术，多多发现生活中美好的事物，即使面对消极的事情，也能倾听和检查任何负面情绪，并从消极的事情中有所得，从而获得更高的生活满意度。
【35题详解】
上一句“The stress of life can disconnect us from our surroundings and make it easier to lose touch with our need and emotions. (生活的压力会使我们与周围环境脱节，更容易与我们的需求和情绪失去联系。)”，B项“To prevent this, apply the concept of casual magic. (为了防止这种情况，请应用休闲魔法的概念。)”，B项中的this，指代上文提及的现象，B项与上文为顺接关系，并引出本文话题casual magic，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选B项。
36题详解】
上文“Essentially, casual magic is practicing the habit of seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane (单调的) life. (从本质上讲，休闲魔术是练习在单调生活中的小时刻看到美的习惯。)”可知，生活尽管很单调，但休闲魔术鼓励人们发现某些小时刻中存在的美好。下文“In a study that investigated what this does to your mood, 282 participants were observed on the positive effect of something they did. Researchers found that being present and focusing on positive moments gave a higher positive effect and resulted in a higher life satisfaction. (在一项调查这对你的情绪有什么影响的研究中，282名参与者被观察到他们所做的事情的积极影响。研究人员发现，在场并专注于积极的时刻会产生更高的积极影响，并导致更高的生活满意度。)”可知，在场、关注积极的时刻对人产生积极影响；E项“Put aside your screen, be present and give yourself a chance to find that special moment. (把你的屏幕放在一边，在场，给自己一个机会去找到那个特殊的时刻。)”中的find that special moment与上文中的seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane相呼应，下文中的In a study that investigated what this does to your mood中的this指代E项内容，同时be present也是复现词。上下文语意衔接连贯顺畅。故选E项。
【37题详解】
下文“Have you ever walked through a patch of forest or seen the sunshine over rooftops and noticed how vibrant the colors were? Or have you ever felt a breeze on the side of your face? You just need to learn how to treasure and enjoy these moments. (你有没有走过一片森林，或者看到屋顶上的阳光，注意到颜色是多么鲜艳？或者你有没有感觉到微风吹过你的脸？你只需要学习如何珍惜和享受这些时刻。)”可知，此处描述了大自然中的美好；C项“An adequate example to practice casual magic is nature. (练习休闲魔术的一个充分例子是自然)”，与下文语意一致，故选C项。
【38题详解】
上文“Now this is not to say that life shouldn’t be negative and that we should just ignore all the bad things that happen in life. (这并不是说生活不应该是消极的，我们应该忽略生活中发生的所有坏事。)”，D项“Casual magic instead allows us to listen to and examine any negative feeling. (相反，休闲魔术允许我们倾听和检查任何负面情绪。)”，上文与D项为转折关系；下文“Such emotion may be a sign that it is time to propel change and growth. Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon. (这种情绪可能是一个信号，表明是时候推动变化和成长了。消极的事情应该被认为是学习的机会，不应该被纠缠。)”，下文承接D项，解释了休闲魔术对负面情绪的态度。上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选D项。
【39题详解】
上一段的最后一句“Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon. (消极的事情应该被认为是学习的机会，不应该被纠缠。)”，上文“Hence, I urge you to try it. (因此，我敦促您尝试一下休闲魔术。)”可知，休闲魔术中，我们不必纠结那些消极的事情；下文“Appreciate something small: the sunlight resting on a window curtain, how green the leaves are, the happiness of laughing with a friend, the taste of an ice-cream. (欣赏一些小事：阳光照在窗帘上，树叶有多绿，和朋友一起笑的快乐，冰淇淋的味道。)”，休闲魔术中，我们可以多多关注美好的小事，F项“We should learn from negative things and move on to appreciating moments of casual magic. (我们应该从消极的事情中学习，继续欣赏休闲魔术的时刻)”，F项有承上启下的作用，negative things和appreciating为复现词，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选F项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读表达
White sand beaches of the Cocos Islands, which are known as a gorgeous tourist destination surrounded by greenish blue water, have now been filled with plastic wastes.
Jennifer Lavers, a marine scientist, went to these tropical islands with her research team. Knowing that lots of beaches were polluted by plastic wastes, the team conducted a careful scientific examination on the coast, only to find the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.
Not all plastics are to blame. They are necessary in places like hospitals and airplanes, and make our vehicles lighter and more efficient. However, other plastics, especially disposable(一次性的) plastics, account for the growing mess on the beaches. Islands all over the world are jammed with plastics. And the Cocos Islands are no exception.
Apparently, demand for disposable plastics must be reduced greatly. “Why don’t we carry around bags that we can use over and over again?” asked Richard Gross, a chemist who researches innovative ways to make more sustainable plastics. “Let’s carry around reusable lunch boxes. We should understand how serious the situation is.”
Although it is important for individuals to make an effort to avoid using disposable plastics, it is also generally believed that only with international rules can such a deep-rooted, common, and worldwide scourge(灾害) be tackled.
However, the U. N., which engages in dealing with accelerating climate change and public health crises, obviously isn’t paying enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution. As a result, billions of plastic products will still be produced every year, many of which will end up in the ocean.
It requires the greatest effort of all time to control plastic pollution in modern society. No matter how tall the hurdles(栏架) are, something has to be done.
40. What did Jennifer Lavers and her research team find?
_________________________________________________________________
41. What kinds of plastics lead to the increasing wastes on the beaches?
_________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action.
_________________________________________________________________
43. As a student, what will you do to reduce white pollution?
_________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. They found the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.
41. Disposable plastics.
42. Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action. Because the U.N. don’t pay enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution.
43. As a students, I will try our best to reduce the use of disposable plastic bags, make publicity and appeal to people to reduce the use of plastic to protect the environment.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过介绍科科斯群岛的塑料污染问题，表达了对环境问题的担忧，呼吁各方采取国际合作，制定国际规则来解决这一普遍的、全球性的灾难。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第二句“Knowing that lots of beaches were polluted by plastic wastes, the team conducted a careful scientific examination on the coast, only to find the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.（了解到很多海滩被塑料废物污染，研究小组在海岸上进行了仔细的检查，只发现了人类留下的垃圾产生的问题比预期更为严重。）”可知，Jennifer和她的研究小组发现在科科斯群岛上人类留下的垃圾造成的问题比预期更为严重。故答案为They found the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段的“However, other plastics, especially disposable(一次性的) plastics, account for the growing mess on the beaches. Islands all over the world are jammed with plastics. And the Cocos Islands are no exception.(然而，其他塑料，尤其是一次性塑料，造成了海滩上越来越多的混乱。世界各地的岛屿都塞满了塑料。科科斯群岛也不例外。)”可知，一次性塑料导致了沙滩上的垃圾越来越多。故答案为Disposable plastics.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第六段第一句However, the U.N., which engages in dealing with accelerating climate change and public health crises, obviously isn't paying enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution. （然而，致力于应对日益加剧的气候变化和公共卫生危机的联合国，显然没有足够重视呼吁对塑料污染采取国际行动。）可知，联合国对塑料污染的态度是没有给予足够的关心。故划线句Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action.的错误是the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action.，因为联合国没有给予足够关注呼吁国际行动。故答案为Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action.，Because the U.N. don’t pay enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution.
【43题详解】
主观题。本文是开放式试题，答案不唯一。根据文章最后一段内容“It requires the greatest effort of all time to control plastic pollution in modern society. No matter how tall the hurdles(栏架) are, something has to be done.(在现代社会，控制塑料污染需要尽最大的努力。无论障碍有多大，都必须有所作为。)”，作为学生应该尽自己的努力减少塑料污染，保护地球，参考答案：As a students, I will try our best to reduce the use of disposable plastic bags, make publicity and appeal to people to reduce the use of plastic to protect the environment.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim来邮件询问你的居家学习和生活情况。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 充实的学习活动
2. 丰富的课余生活
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It's my pleasure to tell you something about my learning activities in the quarantine period.
Because of the COVID-2019, our school arranged for us to study online. Online learning is not boring but interesting, which is about what we will learn at school. What's more, I also made a learning plan that is suitable for myself. It's beneficial for me to make full use of time.
As for my after-class activities, I often do some jogging every day in my community to keep fit. Helping my parents with house chores is also my daily routine, which includes mopping the floor, washing dishes and so on.
You're welcome to send e-mails if you have any questions.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim写一封邮件，介绍居家学习和生活将框。
【详解】1.词汇积累
无聊的：boring →dull
此外：what’s more →besides
关于：as for→ with regard to
保持健康：keep fit →keep healthy
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As for my after-class activities, I often do some jogging every day in my community to keep fit.
拓展句：As for my after-class activities, I often do some jogging every day in my community in order that I can keep fit.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Online learning is not boring but interesting, which is about what we will learn at school.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句和what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Helping my parents with house chores is also my daily routine, which includes mopping the floor, washing dishes and so on.（运用了动名词短语作主语和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
大兴区2022~2023学年度第一学期期末检测试卷
高三英语
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
On a Saturday afternoon, you find most kids outside playing games. Kids are made for the ___1___, with their endless energy and the easy way in which they make friends. It’s not ___2___ for Kameron, an ordinary, fun-loving 7-year-old girl who loves to draw out the world’s longest hopscotch(跳格子) on the sidewalk. But in between ___3___, Kameron takes time to do something special for her ___4___ neighbors whose children have long since left home.
Kameron first started waving to them. Most of them smiled back. Then Kameron decided that some of them needed a little ___5___. So she ran home, took her violin and made the rounds. “Can I play you a song?” she asked, after knocking on the door.
Gustav smiled wide. His wife Vivian, who has had muscular dystrophy(肌肉萎缩) for over 20 years, stood ___6___, and had difficulty moving about. It looked terribly uncomfortable. They’ve ___7___ their daily walks with afternoon drives, but even those are getting too difficult for Vivian.
Gustav let Kameron in, and Vivian ___8___ both arms of her chair and pulled to it. On the table beside her was a photo of her with Gustav when they were young and energetic. “Want me to play your favorite song?” Kameron asked. “Of course,” Gustav answered. It was the only song Kameron knew.
The small violin ___9___ seriously under Kameron’s chin(下巴). She played as best as she could. Vivian beat her leg to keep rhythm for Kameron. Gustav held Vivian’s other hand. It was not the performance that was moving, but the ____10____ it brought.
1. A. lessons B. outdoors C. classrooms D. experiences
2. A. easy B. normal C. different D. necessary
3. A. games B. exams C. destinations D. conversations
4. A. young B. proud C. elderly D. lovely
5. A. pressure B. emotion C. ambition D. pleasure
6. A. honestly B. awkwardly C. gratefully D. determinedly
7. A. replaced B. linked C. replied D. combined
8. A. took care of B. took charge of C. took out of D. took hold of
9. A. rocked B. rested C. jumped D. wandered
10. A. styles B. profits C. memories D. adventures
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一个七岁的小女孩为老年夫妇演奏小提琴的故事。这对夫妇生活很孤苦，妻子常年生病，小女孩的演奏给他们带来了极大的欢乐。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们天生适合户外活动，他们有无穷的精力和轻松的交友方式。A. lessons课程；B. outdoors户外；C. classrooms教室；D. experiences经验。由前文“ you find most kids outside playing games”可知，这里应讲孩子天生适合“户外”玩。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于Kameron来说，这并没有什么不同，她是一个普通的、爱玩乐的7岁女孩，喜欢在人行道上跳世界上最长的跳房子。A. easy容易的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. necessary必需的。由后文“who loves to draw out the world’s longest hopscotch(跳格子) on the sidewalk”可知，Kameron和其他孩子并没有什么“不同”，同样喜欢户外。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在比赛间隙，Kameron花时间为她的年长邻居做一些特别的事情，他们的孩子早就离开了家。 A. games游戏；B. exams考试；C. destinations目的地；D. conversations对话。由前文“who loves to draw out the world’s longest hopscotch(跳格子) on the sidewalk”以及后文可知，Kameron在玩跳房子“游戏”的间隙，她会做一些别的事情。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在比赛间隙，Kameron花时间为她的年长邻居做一些特别的事情，他们的孩子早就离开了家。A. young年轻的；B. proud骄傲的；C. elderly老年的；D. lovely美丽的。由后文“ whose children have long since left home”和“ a photo of her with Gustav when they were young and energetic”可知，现在她的邻居已经“年老了”。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后Kameron决定他们中的一些人需要一点乐趣。A. pressure压力；B. emotion情绪；C. ambition野心；D. pleasure乐趣。由后文“Vivian beat her leg to keep rhythm for Kameron. Gustav held Vivian’s other hand.”可知，Kameron的表演为他们带去了快乐，所以这里应表明她想给别人带去“乐趣”。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的妻子Vivian患有肌肉萎缩症已经20多年了，她站的时候很笨拙，行动不便。A. honestly诚实地说；B. awkwardly尴尬地，笨拙地；C. gratefully感激地；D. determinedly果断地。由前文“who has had muscular dystrophy(肌肉萎缩) for over 20 years”可知，Vivian腿有病，站起来很“笨拙”。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们已经用下午开车取代了每天的散步，但即使是这样， 对Vivian来说也变得太难了。A. replaced替换；B. linked连接；C. replied回答；D. combined联合。由后文“their daily walks with afternoon drives”可知，散步对他们都困难了，所以他们用开车外出“代替”了散步。replace ...with...表“用...代替...”,为固定搭配。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：Gustav让Kameron进来， Vivian抓住椅子的两端，拖着身子坐在了椅子上。A. took care of照顾；B. took charge of负责；C. took out of从中取出；D. took hold of掌握，握住。由前文“stood 6 ”和后文“both arms of her chair”可知， Vivian刚开始是站着的，这里“握住”椅子的两端，然后拖着身子坐了上去。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这把小提琴认真地搁在Kameron的下巴下。A. rocked摇；B. rested休息，搁置；C. jumped跳；D. wandered徘徊。由后文“under Kameron’s chin”可知，Kameron把小提琴“放置”在自己下巴下。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人感动的不是表演，而是它带来的回忆。A. styles样式；B. profits利润；C. memories记忆；D. adventures冒险。由前文“On the table beside her was a photo of her with Gustav when they were young and energetic.”以及结合文意可知，这里讲Kameron的演奏让他们“回忆”以前年轻没有生病的快乐日子了。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Two decades ____11____(pass) since newspapers launched websites, and yet here we are. Big papers have gone under, thousands of journalists have lost ____12____(they) jobs, and the idea that digital news will eventually become a decent business ____13____(feel) like a rumor(谣言). The reality is this: no social network has come close to matching the success of print readership.
【答案】11. has passed
12. their 13. feels
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了报纸行业的萧条衰落，即使推出了数字新闻，也无济于事。
【11题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：自从报纸行业推出网站，二十年过去了。然而我们仍然停滞不前。 根据时间状语从句“since newspapers launched websites”可知，主句用现在完成时have/has done, 主句主语是“Two decades ”表示一段时间，谓语动词用单数。故填has passed。
【12题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：报纸巨头们一蹶不振，成千上万的记者丢掉工作。根据“jobs”可知，需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填their。
【13题详解】
考查一般现在时。句意：数字新闻将最终成为体面行业的想法感觉就像是一个谣言。根据句意可知，主语是“the idea”，后面接了that引导的同位语从句来解释说明主语，空格处需填主句的谓语动词，句子描述的是现在的状态，用一般现在时，主语是“the idea”，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填feels。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
While Lobby Boy takes its name from a character in the film, the band doesn’t want to be known as anything reductive. But one of the film’s ideas that everyone in your life has the incredible power to tell their own story is ____14____(amaze). “In my personal life, I try to remember that even if I’m struggling or having a conflict ____15____ someone, no matter what the interaction is, no matter how small or large it is, this is a story ____16____ is unfolding in front of me,” he says.
【答案】14. amazing
15. with 16. which##that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Lobby Boy这部电影中的一个想法。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但这部电影的一个想法是，你生活中的每个人都有难以置信的能力讲述自己的故事，这是令人惊叹的。分析句式结构可知，本句的主语是ideas，指物，所以空格处应该用-ing结尾形容词amazing“令人惊叹的”，作表语。故填amazing。
【15题详解】
考查介词。句意：“在我的个人生活中，我试图记住，即使我在与某人斗争或发生冲突，无论互动是什么，无论大小，这都是一个正在我面前展开的故事，”他说。分析句意，再根据空格前的conflict可知，此处用介词with构成固定搭配have a conflict with sb.“与某人有冲突”。故填with。
【16题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是story，指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After 15 years of working to raise climate urgency, I’ve concluded ____17____ the public and world leaders underestimate how rapid, serious climate and ecological breakdown will be if humanity fails ____18____(organize). There may only be five years ____19____(leave) before humanity expends the remaining “carbon budget” to stay under 1.5℃ of ____20____(globe) heating. And there may only be five years before the Amazon rainforest and a large Antarctic ice sheet pass irreversible points.
【答案】17. that
18. to be organized
19. left 20. global
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。作者已经致力于提高气候急迫性的工作15年了，他得出结论：公众和世界领导人还是低估了气候和生态崩溃的速度和严重性，没有认识到必须把人类组织起来共同抵抗气候变暖问题。
【17题详解】
考查宾语从句的连词。句意：在15年致力于提高气候紧迫性之后，我得出的结论是，公众和世界领导人低估了如果人类不能组织起来，气候和生态崩溃将会多么迅速、严重。本句谓语动词为conclude，后接宾语从句，应用连词that。故填that。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在15年致力于提高气候紧迫性之后，我得出的结论是，公众和世界领导人低估了如果人类不能组织起来，气候和生态崩溃将会多么迅速、严重。此处考查动词短语fail to do sth，意为“做某事失败，未能做某事”，设空处为动词不定式，organize与逻辑主语humanity之间为动宾关系，应用被动结构。故填to be organized.
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在人类花费剩余的“碳预算”来将全球升温控制在1.5℃以下之前，可能只剩下5年了。此处考查非谓语动词，leave与逻辑主语five years之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词left，意为“剩下”，作后置定语。故填left。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在人类花费剩余的“碳预算”来将全球升温控制在1.5℃以下之前，可能只剩下5年了。设空处应用形容词global，意为“全球的”，修饰heating，作前置定语。故填global。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
It’s exciting when your bookworm teen announces his or her plans to be a writer. Rather than bombard them with fancy pens and motivational reading, direct them to a comfort zone: the Internet. These sites are great resources and landing spots for future storytellers.
Figment
Specially tailored for the teen reader/writer, Figment is a community dedicated to reading and writing stories online. Addictively fun, users can rate stories by whether they made them laugh, blush, cry, or just say “wow.” The site frequently runs contests and features work from well-known authors and editors who sometimes drop in for Figment chats with the site’s community.
Wattpad
It is the largest online reading platform, and allows authors to share their work with the world. Well-known writers such as Margaret Atwood and Cory Doctorow even post their work here. Teens can find and follow their favorite authors and release their own works as serial novels.
Teen Ink
Supported by the nonprofit Young Authors Foundation, Teen Ink is the twenty-five-year veteran in the fostering-teen-writers game. The magazine, book series, and website are devoted entirely to writing, art, and photos by teens. It’s also a go-to for teens interested in writing and publishing nonfiction essays and articles as well as poetry.
One Teen Story
Direct kids here to introduce them to the nonprofit’s monthly magazine. Each issue features one short story about the teen experience, usually from a known young adult author. Teens drawn to the short story form can also submit their work for consideration in an annual issue that features a story written by a teen for teens.
NaNoWriMo
NaNoWriMo is an awesome thirty-day adventure for any writer, but teens might be especially inclined to join. In November, would-be novelists over the world attempt to write a 50,000-word(or more) book in thirty days.
21. The passage is intended for _________.
A. teachers B. teens C. parents D. writers
22. Which sites may provide the chance to interact with recognized writers?
A. Figment and Wattpad. B. Figment and Teen Ink.
C Teen Ink and NaNoWriMo. D. Wattpad and One Teen Story.
23. What can be learned from the passage?
A. One Teen Story is a nonprofit’s annual magazine.
B. Figment regularly features young adult writers’ works.
C. NaNoWriMo offers teens a thirty-day adventure around the world.
D. Teen Ink is the first choice of teens who are keen on writing poems.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四个能为那些未来青年作家们提供的拥有绝佳资源的网站。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“It’s exciting when your bookworm teen announces his or her plans to be a writer.(当你的书虫青少年宣布他或她成为一名作家的计划时，这是令人兴奋的。)”可知，拥有一个想成为作家的孩子是一件令人激动的事情，由此可以判断，该文章是写给家长的。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Figment部分的“The site frequently runs contests and features work from well-known authors and editors who sometimes drop in for Figment chats with the site’s community.(该网站经常举办比赛，并展示著名作者和编辑的作品，他们有时会与网站社区进行人物聊天。)”和Wattpad部分的“Well-known writers such as Margaret Atwood and Cory Doctorow even post their work here. Teens can find and follow their favorite authors and release their own works as serial novels.(玛格丽特·阿特伍德和科里·多克托罗等著名作家甚至在这里发表了他们的作品。青少年可以找到并追随他们最喜欢的作家，并发布他们自己的作品作为系列小说。)”可知，这两个网站提供了与知名作家互动的机会。故选A项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据One Teen Story部分的“Direct kids here to introduce them to the nonprofit's monthly magazine.(直接把孩子们介绍给非营利组织的月刊。)”可知，One Teen Story是月刊，所以A错误；根据Figment部分中的“Specially tailored for the teen reader/writer, Figment is a community dedicated to reading and writing stories online.(Figment是专门为青少年读者/作家量身定制的，是一个致力于在线阅读和写作故事的社区。)”可知，该网站是青少年作家为特色，而不是年轻的成年作家，所以B项错误；C项原文没有提到提供全球30天的adventure，所以C项错误；根据Teen Ink部分中的“It’s also a go-to for teens interested in writing and publishing nonfiction essays and articles as well as poetry.(它也是对写作和出版非小说类文章、文章以及诗歌感兴趣的青少年的首选。)”可知，Teen Ink是喜欢写诗歌的青少年的首选网站。故选D项。
B
Many parents dream of their children growing up and seeing the world. But Edith Lemay a mother of four from Canada, worried her children were running out of time to do that.
When her first child, Mia, was little, she noticed she would bump into things. In 2018, Mia was diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa(色素性视网膜炎).
“What it does is that the cell in the retina dies over time and they lose their field of vision. There’s a chance they will go completely blind by midlife,” said Lemay.
The disease is genetic, meaning Lemay’s other kids were at risk. She soon noticed two of her sons, Collin and Laurent, had the same symptoms. They were soon diagnosed, too.
“Of course it was devastating(令人极为震惊的). And when you have a kid, you always have an image of what their future is going to be like and all of a sudden, you get that news and you need to erase that and think it over. And it really is a grieving process,” Lemay said.
Lemay wanted to prepare her kids for what was to come and thought about filling their visual memory. In March, Lemay, her husband, and her four kids left Canada and embarked on an epic journey, traveling the globe for a whole year—showing their kids the world, before it is too late.
During their trip Lemay is homeschooling her kids. The family also made a bucket list of fun activities they want to accomplish, so each kid can see their dreams come true.
Lemay said her kids are not only making visual memories. They’re also learning important life lessons, like focusing on the positive. “Sometimes they’re tired and there’s frustration. It’s difficult. But with the travel, I want them to be resilient.”
“I want them to know that any situation that’s hard is temporary, because through their life, they’ll need lots of resilience,” she said. “They’re going to adapt to a situation with their eyesight and then in a few years later, they’ll lose a chunk of their eyesights and they will have to readapt and adapt again and fall and get back again,” Lemay continued.
Many parents want to give their kids the world and this mom did.
24. What risk may the children face in the future?
A. They will bump into things.
B. They will be unable to grow up.
C. They may get genetic disorders.
D. They may totally lose their sight.
25. What can we learn from the passage?
A Lemay tried to erase the devastating news.
B. The travel was not easy but helped the kids stay positive.
C. The parents filled their kids’ visual memory through books.
D. The children dropped out of school and were educated at home.
26. Which can best describe Lemay?
A. Affectionate and tough. B. Considerate and committed.
C. Patient and generous. D. Sympathetic and sensitive.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，本文讲述了加拿大Edith Lemay的孩子们患了遗传性疾病，最终可能失去视力，父母带领他们环球旅行，想让他们留下美好的视觉记忆，并学会坚强和乐观，勇敢面对生活中的挑战。故事体现了父母对子女的爱。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““What it does is that the cell in the retina dies over time and they lose their field of vision. There’s a chance they will go completely blind by midlife,” said Lemay.( “它的症状是，视网膜中的细胞随着时间的推移而死亡，他们失去视力。他们有可能在中年时完全失明，”Lemay说。)”可知，孩子们患有遗传性疾病——色素性视网膜炎，未来有可能完全失去视力。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“They’re also learning important life lessons, like focusing on the positive. ‘Sometimes they’re tired and there’s frustration. It’s difficult. But with the travel, I want them to be resilient.’(他们也学习重要的人生课程，比如关注积极的一面。“有时候他们很累，很沮丧。这是困难的。但通过旅行，我希望他们成为有适应能力的。”)”可推断，旅行不容易但是有助于孩子保持积极。故选B.
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“Lemay wanted to prepare her kids for what was to come and thought about filling their visual memory. In March, Lemay, her husband, and her four kids left Canada and embarked on an epic journey, traveling the globe for a whole year—showing their kids the world, before it is too late. ( Lemay想让她的孩子们为即将到来的事情做好准备，她想要填满他们的视觉记忆。今年3月，Lemay和她的丈夫以及她的四个孩子离开加拿大，开始了一场史诗般的旅程，用一年的时间环游世界，趁一切还来得及，让他们的孩子们看看世界。)”以及倒数第二段““I want them to know that any situation that’s hard is temporary, because through their life, they’ll need lots of resilience,” she said. “They’re going to adapt to a situation with their eyesight and then in a few years later, they’ll lose a chunk of their eyesights and they will have to readapt and adapt again and fall and get back again,” Lemay continued.( 她说:“我想让他们知道，任何艰难的处境都是暂时的，因为在他们的一生中，他们都需要很强的韧性。”Lemay继续说:“他们会用视力来适应一种情况，几年后，他们会失去大部分视力，他们必须重新适应和适应，跌倒，然后再回来。”)”和最后一段“Many parents want to give their kids the world and this mom did.( 很多父母都想给孩子整个世界，这位妈妈做到了。)”可推断，Lemay带着孩子进行世界旅行，让孩子们在失去视力前看看世界，留下美好的视觉记忆，想教会孩子们面对失去视力带来的挑战，因此推断她对孩子关爱，体贴入微且充满奉献精神的。故选B。
C
We all know that eating later in the day isn’t good for our waistlines, but why? A new study weighed in on that question by comparing people who ate the same foods—but at different times in the day.
“We found that eating four hours later makes a significant difference for our hunger levels, the way we burn calories after we eat, and the way we store fat,” Vujović said, a researcher at Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital. “Together, these changes may explain why late eating is associated with increased obesity risk reported by other studies and provide new biological insight into the underlying mechanisms.” The study provides support for the concept that circadian(生理节奏) rhythm, which influences key physiologic functions such as body temperature and heart rate, affects how our bodies absorb fuel, researchers said.
The study does show eating later results in “an increase in hunger, impacts hormones(荷尔蒙) and also changes gene expression, especially in terms of fat metabolism with a tendency towards less fat breakdown and more fat deposition,” said Dr. Bhanu Prakash Kolla, a professor of psychiatry and psychology at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and a consultant to Mayo’s Center for Sleep Medicine and Division of Addiction Medicine.
The study was small—only 16 overweight or obese people—but carefully planned to eliminate other potential causes of weight gain, the authors said. “While there have been other studies investigating why late eating associates with an increased risk for obesity, this may be the most well controlled, including strictly controlling the amount, composition and timing of meals, physical activity, sleep, room temperature and light exposure,” said senior author Frank Scheer, director of the Medical Chronobiology Program in the Brigham’s Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders. All participants were in good health, with no history of diabetes or shift work, which can affect circadian rhythm, and had regular physical activity. Each person in the study kept to a strict healthy sleep/wake schedule for about three weeks and were provided with prepared meals at fixed times for three days before the lab experiment began.
Results showed that hunger pangs doubled for those on a night-eating regime. People who ate later in the day also reported a desire for starchy and salty foods, meat and, to a lesser extent, a desire for dairy foods and vegetables. By looking at the results of blood tests, researchers were able to see why: Levels of leptin, a hormone which tells us when we feel full, were decreased for late eaters versus early eaters. In comparison, levels of the hormone ghrelin, which spikes our appetite, rose.
27. According to the passage, the following may contribute to the obesity except _________.
A. the breakdown of less fat
B. the changes in gene expression
C. the increase in the levels of leptin
D. the disturbance of the circadian rhythm
28. In Paragraph 4, the writer intends to _________.
A. highlight the results of the study
B. illustrate the process of the study
C. present the purpose of the study
D. demonstrate the reliability of the study
29. What does the underlined word “spike” in Paragraph5 most probably mean?
A. Stimulate. B. Reduce. C. Maintain. D. Control.
30. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Eating late accounts for obesity.
B. Obesity can be well controlled by eating late.
C. When you eat is irrelevant to how fat you are.
D. Eating late may impact the expression function.
【答案】27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，吃饭晚会对我们的饥饿程度、进食后燃烧卡路里的方式以及储存脂肪的方式都有显著影响。文章讲述了晚进食会导致“饥饿感增加，影响荷尔蒙，还会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study provides support for the concept that circadian(生理节奏) rhythm, which influences key physiologic functions such as body temperature and heart rate, affects how our bodies absorb fuel, researchers said.”（研究人员说，这项研究支持了昼夜节律影响关键生理功能，如体温和心率，影响我们的身体如何吸收燃料的观点。）第三段中“The study does show eating later results in “an increase in hunger, impacts hormones(荷尔蒙) and also changes gene expression, especially in terms of fat metabolism with a tendency towards less fat breakdown and more fat deposition,””（这项研究确实表明，晚进食会导致“饥饿感增加，影响荷尔蒙，还会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势。”）可知，吃饭晚会影响基因表达，减少脂肪分解同时影响昼夜节律，选项C与文意不符，故选C。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The study was small—only 16 overweight or obese people—but carefully planned to eliminate other potential causes of weight gain, the authors said. “While there have been other studies investigating why late eating associates with an increased risk for obesity, this may be the most well controlled, including strictly controlling the amount, composition and timing of meals, physical activity, sleep, room temperature and light exposure,” ”（研究人员说，这项研究规模很小，只有16名超重或肥胖的人，但经过精心计划，消除了体重增加的其他潜在原因。“虽然已经有其他研究调查为什么晚进食会增加肥胖的风险，但这可能是控制得最好的，包括严格控制进食的数量、成分和时间、身体活动、睡眠、室温和光照。”）可知，这项研究尽管参与人员少，但是经过精心设计，消除了体重增加的其他潜在原因。所以本段的目的在于描述这个研究的可靠性。故选D。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前“By looking at the results of blood tests, researchers were able to see why: Levels of leptin, a hormone which tells us when we feel full, were decreased for late eaters versus early eaters.”（通过观察血液测试的结果，研究人员能够发现其中的原因：瘦素，是一种能够告诉我们什么时候感到饱的荷尔蒙。和早进食者体内的瘦素相比，晚进食者瘦素水平有所下降。）“In comparison, levels of the hormone ghrelin”（相比之下，生长激素释放肽的水平）及后文中“our appetite, rose”（我们的胃口，增加了）可推知，此处指“生长激素释放肽的水平会增加，促进我们的食欲”，所以划线词此处指“刺激，促进”，故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“The study does show eating later results in “an increase in hunger, impacts hormones(荷尔蒙) and also changes gene expression, especially in terms of fat metabolism with a tendency towards less fat breakdown and more fat deposition,””（这项研究确实表明，晚进食会导致“饥饿感增加，影响荷尔蒙，还会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势。”）可知，晚进食会改变基因表达，特别是在脂肪代谢方面，有减少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉积的趋势，可推知，晚进食会导致肥胖。故选A。
D
Automation (自动化) was a hot topic. Nearly everyone agreed that people would be working less once computers and other kinds of automatic machinery became widespread. For optimists, this was a promise of liberation: At last humanity would be freed from constant toil, and we could all devote our days to more refined pursuits. But others saw a threat: Millions of people would be thrown out of work, and desperate masses would roam the streets. Looking back from 50 years hence, the controversy over automation seems a quaint and curious episode. The dispute was never resolved.
A. J. Hayes, a leader (and no relation to me), wrote in 1964: Automation is not just a new kind of mechanization but a revolutionary force capable of overturning our social order. Whereas mechanization made workers more efficient — and thus more valuable — automation threatens to make them superfluous (过剩的) — and thus without value. The opinions I have cited here represent extreme positions, and there were also many milder views. But I think it’s fair to say that most early students of automation, including both critics and enthusiasts, believed the new technology would lead us into a world where people worked much less.
As for economic consequences, worries about unemployment have certainly not gone away — not with job losses in the current recession approaching 2 million workers in our country alone. But recent job losses are commonly attributed to causes other than automation, such as competition from overseas or a roller-coaster financial system. In any case, the vision of a world where machines do all the work and people stand idly by has simply not come to pass.
The spread of automation outside of the factory has altered its social and economic impact in some curious ways. In many cases, the net effect of automation is not that machines are doing work that people used to do. Instead we’ve dispensed with the people who used to be paid to run the machines, and we’ve learned to run them ourselves. These trends contradict almost all the expectations of early writers on automation, both optimists and pessimists. So far, automation has neither liberated us from the need to work nor deprived (剥夺) us of the opportunity to work. Instead, we’re working more than ever.
What about trades closer to my own vital interests? Will science be automated? Technology already has a central role in many areas of research; for example, genome sequences could not be read by traditional lab-bench methods. Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than replacing the lab technician, but when a machine exhibits enough curiosity and tenacity, I think we’ll just have to welcome it as a companion in zealous research. And if the scientist is elbowed aside by an automaton, then surely the science writer can’t hold out either. I’m ready for my 15-hour workweek.
31. In Paragraph 1, the writer mainly wants to convey that ________.
A. automation results in unemployment
B. automation does more harm than good
C. the issue of automation was still in discussion
D. automation brings in much convenience in life
32. According to J. Hayes, we can infer _________
A. automation is more valuable than what we imagine
B. automation is a revolutionary force to better development
C. the disadvantages of automation far outweigh the advantages
D. the new technology would lead people into working much less
33. What’s the author’s attitude toward automation on jobs?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Disapproving. D. Neutral.
34. What can we conclude from this passage?
A. People needn’t work so hard due to automation.
B. Traditional labor force will be replaced in the near future.
C. Automation should be accepted reasonably in development.
D. Automation results in more job losses in the writer’s country.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们对于生活中自动化的评价及看法。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nearly everyone agreed that people would be working less once computers and other kinds of automatic machinery became widespread. For optimists, this was a promise of liberation: At last humanity would be freed from constant toil, and we could all devote our days to more refined pursuits. But others saw a threat: Millions of people would be thrown out of work, and desperate masses would roam the streets. Looking back from 50 years hence, the controversy over automation seems a quaint and curious episode. The dispute was never resolved. (几乎每个人都同意，一旦计算机和其他种类的自动化机器普及，人们的工作量就会减少。对于乐观主义者来说，这是一种解放的承诺：最终，人类将从不断的劳动中解放出来，我们都可以把我们的时间投入到更精致的追求中去。但其他人看到了一个威胁：数百万人将失去工作，绝望的群众将漫步街头。从50年前开始回顾，围绕自动化的争论似乎是一个古怪而奇怪的插曲。争端从未得到解决)”可知，自从自动化产生，人们对于其孰优孰劣的争论一直持续不断。由此可知，本段主要想表达的内容是自动化的问题仍在讨论中。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Automation is not just a new kind of mechanization but a revolutionary force capable of overturning our social order. Whereas mechanization made workers more efficient— and thus more valuable — automation threatens to make them superfluous (过剩的) — and thus without value. (自动化不仅是一种新型的机械化，而且是一种能够颠覆社会秩序的革命力量。机械化使工人更有效率，因而更有价值，而自动化则使他们变得多余，因而没有价值)”可推知，根据J.Hayes的说法，自动化是更好发展的革命性力量。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“So far, automation has neither liberated us from the need to work nor deprived (剥夺) us of the opportunity to work. Instead, we’re working more than ever. (到目前为止，自动化既没有把我们从工作的需要中解放出来，也没有剥夺我们工作的机会。相反，我们比以往任何时候都更加努力)”可推知，作者对自动化对工作的影响持中立的态度。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than replacing the lab technician, but when a machine exhibits enough curiosity and tenacity, I think we’ll just have to welcome it as a companion in zealous research.(取代科学家可能会比取代实验室技术员更难一些，但当一台机器表现出足够的好奇心和韧劲时，我认为我们只能欢迎它作为热情研究的伙伴)”可推知，在发展中应合理接受自动化。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
Not every day is going to be great. Not every day is going to be your wedding day, graduation, or birthday. We have our routines; we go to school and meet a lot of the same people. Usually long periods of time in our lives are devoted to doing a specific set of things. The stress of life can disconnect us from our surroundings and make it easier to lose touch with our need and emotions. ____35____
Essentially, casual magic is practicing the habit of seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane (单调的) life. ____36____ In a study that investigated what this does to your mood, 282 participants were observed on the positive effect of something they did. Researchers found that being present and focusing on positive moments gave a higher positive effect and resulted in a higher life satisfaction.
____37____ Have you ever walked through a patch of forest or seen the sunshine over rooftops and noticed how vibrant the colors were? Or have you ever felt a breeze on the side of your face? You just need to learn how to treasure and enjoy these moments.
Now this is not to say that life shouldn’t be negative and that we should just ignore all the bad things that happen in life. ____38____ Such emotion may be a sign that it is time to propel change and growth. Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon.
Hence, I urge you to try it. ____39____ Appreciate something small: the sunlight resting on a window curtain, how green the leaves are, the happiness of laughing with a friend, the taste of an ice-cream. Not every day is going to be the best day of your life; but it can still be special.
A. However, casual magic is the road to happiness.
B. To prevent this, apply the concept of casual magic.
C. An adequate example to practice casual magic is nature.
D. Casual magic instead allows us to listen to and examine any negative feeling.
E. Put aside your screen, be present and give yourself a chance to find that special moment.
F. We should learn from negative things and move on to appreciating moments of casual magic.
G. It is centered around curiosity and focuses the energy on observing and reflecting on the little things.
【答案】35. B 36. E 37. C 38. D 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。生活尽管单调，也经常会给我们压力，作者建议大家试试休闲魔术，多多发现生活中美好的事物，即使面对消极的事情，也能倾听和检查任何负面情绪，并从消极的事情中有所得，从而获得更高的生活满意度。
【35题详解】
上一句“The stress of life can disconnect us from our surroundings and make it easier to lose touch with our need and emotions. (生活的压力会使我们与周围环境脱节，更容易与我们的需求和情绪失去联系。)”，B项“To prevent this, apply the concept of casual magic. (为了防止这种情况，请应用休闲魔法的概念。)”，B项中的this，指代上文提及的现象，B项与上文为顺接关系，并引出本文话题casual magic，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选B项。
36题详解】
上文“Essentially, casual magic is practicing the habit of seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane (单调的) life. (从本质上讲，休闲魔术是练习在单调生活中的小时刻看到美的习惯。)”可知，生活尽管很单调，但休闲魔术鼓励人们发现某些小时刻中存在的美好。下文“In a study that investigated what this does to your mood, 282 participants were observed on the positive effect of something they did. Researchers found that being present and focusing on positive moments gave a higher positive effect and resulted in a higher life satisfaction. (在一项调查这对你的情绪有什么影响的研究中，282名参与者被观察到他们所做的事情的积极影响。研究人员发现，在场并专注于积极的时刻会产生更高的积极影响，并导致更高的生活满意度。)”可知，在场、关注积极的时刻对人产生积极影响；E项“Put aside your screen, be present and give yourself a chance to find that special moment. (把你的屏幕放在一边，在场，给自己一个机会去找到那个特殊的时刻。)”中的find that special moment与上文中的seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane相呼应，下文中的In a study that investigated what this does to your mood中的this指代E项内容，同时be present也是复现词。上下文语意衔接连贯顺畅。故选E项。
【37题详解】
下文“Have you ever walked through a patch of forest or seen the sunshine over rooftops and noticed how vibrant the colors were? Or have you ever felt a breeze on the side of your face? You just need to learn how to treasure and enjoy these moments. (你有没有走过一片森林，或者看到屋顶上的阳光，注意到颜色是多么鲜艳？或者你有没有感觉到微风吹过你的脸？你只需要学习如何珍惜和享受这些时刻。)”可知，此处描述了大自然中的美好；C项“An adequate example to practice casual magic is nature. (练习休闲魔术的一个充分例子是自然)”，与下文语意一致，故选C项。
【38题详解】
上文“Now this is not to say that life shouldn’t be negative and that we should just ignore all the bad things that happen in life. (这并不是说生活不应该是消极的，我们应该忽略生活中发生的所有坏事。)”，D项“Casual magic instead allows us to listen to and examine any negative feeling. (相反，休闲魔术允许我们倾听和检查任何负面情绪。)”，上文与D项为转折关系；下文“Such emotion may be a sign that it is time to propel change and growth. Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon. (这种情绪可能是一个信号，表明是时候推动变化和成长了。消极的事情应该被认为是学习的机会，不应该被纠缠。)”，下文承接D项，解释了休闲魔术对负面情绪的态度。上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选D项。
【39题详解】
上一段的最后一句“Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon. (消极的事情应该被认为是学习的机会，不应该被纠缠。)”，上文“Hence, I urge you to try it. (因此，我敦促您尝试一下休闲魔术。)”可知，休闲魔术中，我们不必纠结那些消极的事情；下文“Appreciate something small: the sunlight resting on a window curtain, how green the leaves are, the happiness of laughing with a friend, the taste of an ice-cream. (欣赏一些小事：阳光照在窗帘上，树叶有多绿，和朋友一起笑的快乐，冰淇淋的味道。)”，休闲魔术中，我们可以多多关注美好的小事，F项“We should learn from negative things and move on to appreciating moments of casual magic. (我们应该从消极的事情中学习，继续欣赏休闲魔术的时刻)”，F项有承上启下的作用，negative things和appreciating为复现词，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选F项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读表达
White sand beaches of the Cocos Islands, which are known as a gorgeous tourist destination surrounded by greenish blue water, have now been filled with plastic wastes.
Jennifer Lavers, a marine scientist, went to these tropical islands with her research team. Knowing that lots of beaches were polluted by plastic wastes, the team conducted a careful scientific examination on the coast, only to find the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.
Not all plastics are to blame. They are necessary in places like hospitals and airplanes, and make our vehicles lighter and more efficient. However, other plastics, especially disposable(一次性的) plastics, account for the growing mess on the beaches. Islands all over the world are jammed with plastics. And the Cocos Islands are no exception.
Apparently, demand for disposable plastics must be reduced greatly. “Why don’t we carry around bags that we can use over and over again?” asked Richard Gross, a chemist who researches innovative ways to make more sustainable plastics. “Let’s carry around reusable lunch boxes. We should understand how serious the situation is.”
Although it is important for individuals to make an effort to avoid using disposable plastics, it is also generally believed that only with international rules can such a deep-rooted, common, and worldwide scourge(灾害) be tackled.
However, the U. N., which engages in dealing with accelerating climate change and public health crises, obviously isn’t paying enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution. As a result, billions of plastic products will still be produced every year, many of which will end up in the ocean.
It requires the greatest effort of all time to control plastic pollution in modern society. No matter how tall the hurdles(栏架) are, something has to be done.
40. What did Jennifer Lavers and her research team find?
_________________________________________________________________
41. What kinds of plastics lead to the increasing wastes on the beaches?
_________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action.
_________________________________________________________________
43. As a student, what will you do to reduce white pollution?
_________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. They found the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.
41. Disposable plastics.
42. Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action. Because the U.N. don’t pay enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution.
43. As a students, I will try our best to reduce the use of disposable plastic bags, make publicity and appeal to people to reduce the use of plastic to protect the environment.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过介绍科科斯群岛的塑料污染问题，表达了对环境问题的担忧，呼吁各方采取国际合作，制定国际规则来解决这一普遍的、全球性的灾难。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第二句“Knowing that lots of beaches were polluted by plastic wastes, the team conducted a careful scientific examination on the coast, only to find the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.（了解到很多海滩被塑料废物污染，研究小组在海岸上进行了仔细的检查，只发现了人类留下的垃圾产生的问题比预期更为严重。）”可知，Jennifer和她的研究小组发现在科科斯群岛上人类留下的垃圾造成的问题比预期更为严重。故答案为They found the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段的“However, other plastics, especially disposable(一次性的) plastics, account for the growing mess on the beaches. Islands all over the world are jammed with plastics. And the Cocos Islands are no exception.(然而，其他塑料，尤其是一次性塑料，造成了海滩上越来越多的混乱。世界各地的岛屿都塞满了塑料。科科斯群岛也不例外。)”可知，一次性塑料导致了沙滩上的垃圾越来越多。故答案为Disposable plastics.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第六段第一句However, the U.N., which engages in dealing with accelerating climate change and public health crises, obviously isn't paying enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution. （然而，致力于应对日益加剧的气候变化和公共卫生危机的联合国，显然没有足够重视呼吁对塑料污染采取国际行动。）可知，联合国对塑料污染的态度是没有给予足够的关心。故划线句Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action.的错误是the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action.，因为联合国没有给予足够关注呼吁国际行动。故答案为Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action.，Because the U.N. don’t pay enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution.
【43题详解】
主观题。本文是开放式试题，答案不唯一。根据文章最后一段内容“It requires the greatest effort of all time to control plastic pollution in modern society. No matter how tall the hurdles(栏架) are, something has to be done.(在现代社会，控制塑料污染需要尽最大的努力。无论障碍有多大，都必须有所作为。)”，作为学生应该尽自己的努力减少塑料污染，保护地球，参考答案：As a students, I will try our best to reduce the use of disposable plastic bags, make publicity and appeal to people to reduce the use of plastic to protect the environment.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim来邮件询问你的居家学习和生活情况。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 充实的学习活动
2. 丰富的课余生活
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It's my pleasure to tell you something about my learning activities in the quarantine period.
Because of the COVID-2019, our school arranged for us to study online. Online learning is not boring but interesting, which is about what we will learn at school. What's more, I also made a learning plan that is suitable for myself. It's beneficial for me to make full use of time.
As for my after-class activities, I often do some jogging every day in my community to keep fit. Helping my parents with house chores is also my daily routine, which includes mopping the floor, washing dishes and so on.
You're welcome to send e-mails if you have any questions.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim写一封邮件，介绍居家学习和生活将框。
【详解】1.词汇积累
无聊的：boring →dull
此外：what’s more →besides
关于：as for→ with regard to
保持健康：keep fit →keep healthy
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As for my after-class activities, I often do some jogging every day in my community to keep fit.
拓展句：As for my after-class activities, I often do some jogging every day in my community in order that I can keep fit.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Online learning is not boring but interesting, which is about what we will learn at school.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句和what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Helping my parents with house chores is also my daily routine, which includes mopping the floor, washing dishes and so on.（运用了动名词短语作主语和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
相关试卷
北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）： 这是一份北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）： 这是一份北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试卷（Word版附解析），共19页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年北京市大兴区高三上学期期末试卷英语试题（解析版）： 这是一份2022-2023学年北京市大兴区高三上学期期末试卷英语试题（解析版），共29页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
