北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高三上学期期末试卷英语试题+Word版含答案

这是一份北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高三上学期期末试卷英语试题+Word版含答案，共13页。试卷主要包含了 12等内容，欢迎下载使用。
大兴区2022～2023学年度第一学期期末检测试卷高三英语2022. 12考生须知:1. 本试卷共10页, 满分100分。考试时间90分钟。2. 在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级、姓名和准考证号。3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上, 在试卷上作答无效。4. 在答题卡上, 选择题用2B铅笔作答, 其他题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节, 30分）第一节（共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 共15分）阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。On a Saturday afternoon, you find most kids outside playing games. Kids are made for the ___1 ___1, with their endless energy and the easy way in which they make friends. It's not  ___2  ___for Kameron, an ordinary, fun-loving 7-year-old girl who loves to draw out the world＇s longest hopscotch（跳格子） on the sidewalk. But in between ___ 3  ___, Kameron takes time to do something special for her  ___4 ___neighbors whose children have long since left home. Kameron first started waving to them. Most of them smiled back. Then Kameron decided that some of them needed a little  ___5 ___ . So she ran home, took her violin and made the rounds. “Can I play you a song?” she asked, after knocking on the door. Gustav smiled wide. His wife Vivian, who has had muscular dystrophy（肌肉 萎缩）for over 20 years, stood ___ 6 ___ , and had difficulty moving about. It looked terribly uncomfortable. They've  ___7 ___ their daily walks with afternoon drives, but even those are getting too difficult for Vivian. Gustav let Kameron in, and Vivian ___ 8 ___ both arms of her chair and pulled to it. On the table beside her was a photo of her with Gustav when they were young and energetic. “Want me to play your favorite song?” Kameron asked. “Of course, ” Gustav answered. It was the only song Kameron knew. The small violin ___ 9  ___seriously under Kameron＇s chin（下巴）. She played as best as she could. Vivian beat her leg to keep rhythm for Kameron. Gustav held Vivian's other hand. It was not the performance that was moving, but the  ___10 ___ it brought. 1. A. lessons B. outdoors C. classrooms D. experiences2. A. easy B. normal C. different D. necessary3. A. games B. exams C. destinations D. conversations4. A. young B. proud C. elderly D. lovely5. A. pressure B. emotion C. ambition D. pleasure6. A. honestly B. awkwardly C. gratefully D. determinedly7. A. replaced B. linked C. replied D. combined8. A. took care of B. took charge of  C. took out of D. took hold of9. A. rocked B. rested C. jumped D. wandered10. A. styles B. profits C. memories D. adventures 第二节（共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 共15分）阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空, 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ATwo decades ___11  ___（pass） since newspapers launched websites, and yet here we are. Big papers have gone under, thousands of journalists have lost ___ 12  ___（they） jobs, and the idea that digital news will eventually become a decent business ___ 13 ___（feel） like a rumor（谣言）. The reality is this: no social network has come close to matching the success of print readership. BWhile Lobby Boy takes its name from a character in the film, the band doesn't want to be known as anything reductive. But one of the film's ideas that everyone in your life has the incredible power to tell their own story is  ___14  ___（amaze）. “In my personal life, I try to remember that even if I'm struggling or having a conflict ___15 ___ someone, no matter what the interaction is, no matter how small or large it is, this is a story  ___16 ___ is unfolding in front of me, ” he says. CAfter 15 years of working to raise climate urgency, I've concluded  ___17 ___ the public and world leaders underestimate how rapid, serious climate and ecological breakdown will be if humanity fails  ___18  ___（organize）. There may only be five years  ___19 ___ （leave） before humanity expends the remaining “carbon budget” to stay under 1. 5 ℃ of 20 （globe） heating. And there may only be five years before the Amazon rainforest and a large Antarctic ice sheet pass irreversible points.  第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIt's exciting when your bookworm teen announces his or her plans to be a writer. Rather than bombard them with fancy pens and motivational reading, direct them to a comfort zone: the Internet. These sites are great resources and landing spots for future storytellers. FigmentSpecially tailored for the teen reader/writer, Figment is a community dedicated to reading and writing stories online. Addictively fun, users can rate stories by whether they made them laugh, blush, cry, or just say “wow. ” The site frequently runs contests and features work from well-known authors and editors who sometimes drop in for Figment chats with the site's community. WattpadIt is the largest online reading platform, and allows authors to share their work with the world. Well-known writers such as Margaret Atwood and Cory Doctorow even post their work here. Teens can find and follow their favorite authors and release their own works as serial novels. Teen InkSupported by the nonprofit Young Authors Foundation, Teen Ink is the twenty-five-year veteran in the fostering-teen-writers game. The magazine, book series, and website are devoted entirely to writing, art, and photos by teens. It's also a go-to for teens interested in writing and publishing nonfiction essays and articles as well as poetry. One Teen StoryDirect kids here to introduce them to the nonprofit's monthly magazine. Each issue features one short story about the teen experience, usually from a known young adult author. Teens drawn to the short story form can also submit their work for consideration in ani annual issue that features a story written by a teen for teens. NaNoWriMoNaNoWriMo is an awesome thirty-day adventure for any writer, but teens might be especially inclined to join. In November, would-be novelists over the world attempt to write a 50, 000-word（or more） book in thirty days. 21. The passage is intended for _______.A. teachers  B. teens  C. parents  D. writers22. Which sites may provide the chance to interact with recognized writers?A. Figment and Wattpad. B. Figment and Teen Ink. C. Teen Ink and NaNoWriMo. D. Wattpad and One Teen Story. 23. What can be learned from the passage?A. One Teen Story is a nonprofit's annual magazine. B. Figment regularly features young adult writers' works. C. NaNoWriMo offers teens a thirty-day adventure around the world. D. Teen Ink is the first choice of teens who are keen on writing poems. BMany parents dream of their children growing up and seeing the world. But Edith Lemay, a mother of four from Canada, worried her children were running out of time to do that. When her first child, Mia, was little, she noticed she would bump into things. In 2018, Mia was diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa（色素性视网膜炎）. “What it does is that the cell in the retina dies over time and they lose their field of vision. There's a chance they will go completely blind by midlife, " said Lemay. The disease is genetic, meaning Lemay's other kids were at risk. She soon noticed two of her sons, Collin and Laurent, had the same symptoms. They were soon diagnosed, too. “Of course it was devastating（令人极为震惊的）. And when you have a kid, you always have an image of what their future is going to be like and all of a sudden, you get that news and you need to erase that and think it over. And it really is a grieving process, ” Lemay said. Lemay wanted to prepare her kids for what was to come and thought about filling their visual memory. In March, Lemay, her husband, and her four kids left Canada and embarked on an epic journey, traveling the globe for a whole year- showing their kids the world, before it is too late. During their trip, Lemay is homeschooling her kids. The family also made a bucket list of fun activities they want to accomplish, so each kid can see their dreams come true. Lemay said her kids are not only making visual memories. They're also learning important life lessons, like focusing on the positive. “Sometimes they're tired and there's frustration. It's difficult. But with the travel, I want them to be resilient. ” “I want them to know that any situation that's hard is temporary, because through their life, they'll need lots of resilience, ” she said. “They're going to adapt to a situation with their eyesight and then in a few years later, they'll lose a chunk of their eyesights and they will have to readapt and adapt again and fall and get back again, ” Lemay continued. Many parents want to give their kids the world and this mom did. 24. What risk may the children face in the future?A. They will bump into things. B. They will be unable to grow up. C. They may get genetic disorders. D. They may totally lose their sight. 25. What can we learn from the passage?A. Lemay tried to erase the devastating news. B. The travel was not easy but helped the kids stay positive. C. The parents filled their kids' visual memory through books. D. The children dropped out of school and were educated at home. 26. Which can best describe Lemay?A. Affectionate and tough. B. Considerate and committed. C. Patient and generous. D. Sympathetic and sensitive. CWe all know that eating later in the day isn't good for our waistlines, but why? A new study weighed in on that question by comparing people who ate the same foods-but at different times in the day. “We found that eating four hours later makes a significant difference for our hunger levels, the way we burn calories after we eat, and the way we store fat, ” Vujović said, a researcher at Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital. "Together, these changes may explain why late eating is associated with increased obesity risk reported by other studies and provide new biological insight into the underlying mechanisms. ” The study provides support for the concept that circadian（生理节 奏）rhythm, which influences key physiologic functions such as body temperature and heart rate, affects how our bodies absorb fuel, researchers said. The study does show eating later results in “an increase in hunger, impacts hormones（荷尔蒙）and also changes gene expression, especially in terms of fat metabolism with a tendency towards less fat breakdown and more fat deposition, ” said Dr. Bhanu Prakash Kolla, a professor of psychiatry and psychology at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and a consultant to Mayo's Center for Sleep Medicine and Division of Addiction Medicine. The study was small-only 16 overweight or obese people-but carefully planned to eliminate other potential causes of weight gain, the authors said. “While there have been other studies investigating why late eating associates with an increased risk for obesity, this may be the most well controlled, including strictly controlling the amount, composition and timing of meals, physical activity, sleep, room temperature and light exposure, ” said senior author Frank Scheer, director of the Medical Chronobiology Program in the Brigham's Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders. All participants were in good health, with no history of diabetes or shift work, which can affect circadian rhythm, and had regular physical activity. Each person in the study kept to a strict healthy sleep/wake schedule for about three weeks and were provided with prepared meals at fixed times for three days before the lab experiment began. Results showed that hunger pangs doubled for those on a night-eating regime. People who ate later in the day also reported a desire for starchy and salty foods, meat and, to a lesser extent, a desire for dairy foods and vegetables. By looking at the results of blood tests, researchers were able to see why: Levels of leptin, a hormone which tells us when we feel full, were decreased for late eaters versus early eaters. In comparison, levels of the hormone ghrelin, which spikes our appetite, rose. 27. According to the passage, the following may contribute to the obesity except _______.A. the breakdown of less fatB. the changes in gene expressionC. the increase in the levels of leptinD. the disturbance of the circadian rhythm28. In Paragraph 4, the writer intends to _______.A. highlight the results of the studyB. illustrate the process of the studyC. present the purpose of the studyD. demonstrate the reliability of the study29. What does the underlined word “spike” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?A. Stimulate. B. Reduce. C. Maintain. D. Control. 30. What can we learn from the passage?A. Eating late accounts for obesity. B. Obesity can be well controlled by eating late. C. When you eat is irrelevant to how fat you are. D. Eating late may impact the expression function.  DAutomation（自动化）was a hot topic. Nearly everyone agreed that people would be working less once computers and other kinds of automatic machinery became widespread. For optimists, this was a promise of liberation: At last humanity would be freed from constant toil, and we could all devote our days to more refined pursuits. But others saw a threat: Millions of people would be thrown out of work, and desperate masses would roam the streets. Looking back from 50 years hence, the controversy over automation seems a quaint and curious episode. The dispute was never resolved. A. J. Hayes, a leader（and no relation to me） , wrote in 1964: Automation is not just a new kind of mechanization but a revolutionary force capable of overturning our social order. Whereas mechanization made workers more efficient-and thus more valuable-automation threatens to make them superfluous（过剩的）-and thus without value. The opinions I have cited here represent extreme positions, and there were also many milder views. But I think it's fair to say that most early students of automation, including both critics and enthusiasts, believed the new technology would lead us into a world where people worked much less. As for economic consequences, worries about unemployment have certainly not gone away-not with job losses in the current recession approaching 2 million workers in our country alone. But recent job losses are commonly attributed to causes other than automation, such as competition from overseas or a roller-coaster financial system. In any case, the vision of a world where machines do all the work and people stand idly by has simply not come to pass. The spread of automation outside of the factory has altered its social and economic impact in some curious ways. In many cases, the net effect of automation is not that machines are doing work that people used to do. Instead we've dispensed with the people who used to be paid to run the machines, and we've learned to run them ourselves. These trends contradict almost all the expectations of early writers on automation, both optimists and pessimists. So far, automation has neither liberated us from the need to work nor deprived（剥夺） us of the opportunity to work. Instead, we're working more than ever. What about trades closer to my own vital interests? Will science be automated? Technology already has a central role in many areas of research; for example, genome sequences could not be read by traditional lab-bench methods. Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than replacing the lab technician, but when a machine exhibits enough curiosity and tenacity, I think we'll just have to welcome it as a companion in zealous research. And if the scientist is elbowed aside by an automaton, then surely the science writer can't hold out either. I'm ready for my 15-hour workweek. 31. In Paragraph1, the writer mainly wants to convey that _______.A. automation results in unemploymentB. automation does more harm than goodC. the issue of automation was still in discussionD. automation brings in much convenience in life32. According to A. J. Hayes, we can infer _______.A. automation is more valuable than what we imagineB. automation is a revolutionary force to better developmentC. the disadvantages of automation far outweigh the advantagesD. the new technology would lead people into working much less33. What's the author's attitude toward automation on jobs?A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Disapproving. D. Neutral. 34. What can we conclude from this passage?A. People needn't work so hard due to automation. B. Traditional labor force will be replaced in the near future. C. Automation should be accepted reasonably in development. D. Automation results in more job losses in the writer's country.  第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分）Not every day is going to be great. Not every day is going to be your wedding day, graduation, or birthday. We have our routines; we go to school and meet a lot of the same people. Usually long periods of time in our lives are devoted to doing a specific set of things. The stress of life can disconnect us from our surroundings and make it easier to lose touch with our need and emotions. __35__Essentially, casual magic is practicing the habit of seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane（单调的）life. __36 __In a study that investigated what this does to your mood, 282 participants were observed on the positive effect of something they did. Researchers found that being present and focusing on positive moments gave a higher positive effect and resulted in a higher life satisfaction. __37 __Have you ever walked through a patch of forest or seen the sunshine over rooftops and noticed how vibrant the colors were? Or have you ever felt a breeze on the side of your face? You just need to learn how to treasure and enjoy these moments. Now this is not to say that life shouldn't be negative and that we should just ignore all the bad things that happen in life. __38 __Such emotion may be a sign that it is time to propel change and growth. Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon. Hence, I urge you to try it. __39 __Appreciate something small: the sunlight resting on a window curtain, how green the leaves are, the happiness of laughing with a friend, the taste of an ice-cream. Not every day is going to be the best day of your life; but it can still be special. A. However, casual magic is the road to happiness. B. To prevent this, apply the concept of casual magic. C. An adequate example to practice casual magic is nature. D. Casual magic instead allows us to listen to and examine any negative feeling. E. Put aside your screen, be present and give yourself a chance to find that special moment. F. We should learn from negative things and move on to appreciating moments of causal magic. G. It is centered around curiosity and focuses the energy on observing and reflecting on the little things.  第三部分 书面表达（共两节, 32分）第一节（共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分）White sand beaches of the Cocos Islands, which are known as a gorgeous tourist destination surrounded by greenish blue water, have now been filled with plastic wastes. Jennifer Lavers, a marine scientist, went to these tropical islands with her research team. Knowing that lots of beaches were polluted by plastic wastes, the team conducted a careful scientific examination on the coast, only to find the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected. Not all plastics are to blame. They are necessary in places like hospitals and airplanes, and make our vehicles lighter and more efficient. However, other plastics, especially disposable（一次性的） plastics, account for the growing mess on the beaches. Islands all over the world are jammed with plastics. And the Cocos Islands are no exception. Apparently, demand for disposable plastics must be reduced greatly. “Why don't we carry around bags that we can use over and over again?” asked Richard Gross, a chemist who researches innovative ways to make more sustainable plastics. “Let's carry around reusable lunch boxes. We should understand how serious the situation is. ”Although it is important for individuals to make an effort to avoid using disposable plastics, it is also generally believed that only with international rules can such a deep-rooted, common, and worldwide scourge（灾害）be tackled. However, the U. N. , which engages in dealing with accelerating climate change and public health crises, obviously isn't paying enough attention to calling for international action on plastic pollution1. As a result, billions of plastic products will still be produced every year, many of which will end up in the ocean. It requires the greatest effort of all time to control plastic pollution in modern society. No matter how tall the hurdles（栏架）are, something has to be done. 40. What did Jennifer Lavers and her research team find?41. What kinds of plastics lead to the increasing wastes on the beaches?42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action. 43. As a student, what will you do to reduce white pollution? 第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华, 你的英国笔友Jim来邮件询问你的居家学习和生活情况。请你给他回一封邮件, 内容包括: 1. 充实的学习活动2. 丰富的课余生活注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua