2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读七选五课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读七选五课件，共34页。PPT课件主要包含了解题技法，考题趋势，真题演练，阅读七选五，内容索引，题型分析，考题导入等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Wrk ut the puzzle
Gap-filling is a mre cmplex puzzle.
由上表分析可知，全国卷阅读七选五的选材大部分是贴近考生生活或考生感兴趣的300字左右的说明文，偶尔出现记叙文。说明文文体的文章结构严谨、层次分明、条理清晰、逻辑严密。文中常有ways，methds，skills，techniques，suggestins，tips，steps，hw等词。主题语境涵盖人与自我、人与社会和人与自然。设空位置有段首、段中和短尾, 考查学生的逻辑思维能力。
看题目位于段首段中还是段尾
找题目前后在词汇、意义上的联系
思考题目前后在行文上的逻辑关系
分析选项的特征、预测选项在文中的位置
常以段落小标题或主题句形式出现
此空的答案能够将上段和本段的内容连贯起来
用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性词语
此空的答案能够将本段和下段的内容连贯起来
信号词为first,secnd,third,等或als,further,similarly等
信号词为hwever,neverthless,still,thugh
信号词为as a result,thus等
某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子
段首段尾易判定弄清作用答案明
句间关系迷人眼，剩余选项再判断
1.依据设空位置(1)设空处在段首 (2)设空处在段中 (3)设空处在段尾2.依据词汇线索(1)词汇复现 (2)代词线索3.依据上下文逻辑和衔接关系(1)总分关系 (2)解释关系 (3)例证关系(4)并列关系 (5)转折关系 (6)对比关系(7)因果关系
1.依据设空位置句子在文中的位置不同,所起的作用也不同,充分利用设空位置的暗示作用,结合语篇逻辑是解决“七选五”的有效途径。(1)设空处在段首在每段的第一句设空的内容通常是该段的主旨句,解题时需要认真研读该段内容,然后从选项中查找与下文相关的内容,从而确定答案。
例1    (2019课标全国Ⅲ节选)　37    Questins abut subject cntent are generally welcmed. Befre asking questins abut the curse design,read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system infrmatin t be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain are sme cmmn d's and dn'ts fr nline has taken a nt-s-great class at ne time r questins,but make sure they are gd,thughtful questins.
解析　设空处为段落主题句。空后说与主题内容相关的问题通常会受欢迎。在询问有关课程设 计的问题之前,阅读教学大纲和学习管理系统信息,以确保答案不会隐藏在眼皮底下。由此可推知 选G项“问问题,但要确保它们是好的、深思熟虑的问题”。
（2）设空处在段中要注意分析设空处前后的逻辑关系。设空处除了可能是承上启下的过渡句外,也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明的句子。因此,首先需要依据信息词将部分选项排除,然后把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依次代入设空处,最终确定哪个选项和设空处前后内容语义连贯、逻辑关系清晰,从而得出正确答案。
例2   (2019课标全国Ⅲ节选)Participate in discussin frums (论坛),blgs and ther pen-ended frums fr dialgue.　38    Be sure t stay n tpic and nt ffer irrelevant infrmatin. Make a pint,and make it safe fr thers t d the 's what they are t an nline instructr fr mre infrmatin is needed,they will that nline prfessrs get a lt f emails.
解析　本题为段中题。设空处前为祈使句,建议参与论坛、博客等的讨论,设空后为祈使句,是针 对讨论提出的具体要求。所以,本段的信息词为frums和blgs,B、D两项应排除。再由设空处前 面的句子“Participate in discussin frums,blgs and ther pen-ended frums fr dialgue.”中的 信息可知,A项中的That指代dialgue, they指代discussin frums, blgs and ther pen-ended f- rums。该项补充说明前文,而C项放在此处,语义不连贯
(3)设空处在段尾段尾句多为承上启下的过渡句或总结、概括句。解题时,可从这个角度去思考:该空是归纳本段主旨还是引出下一段的内容?如果在选项中找不出与前文关联的内容,此时可考虑与下一段开头是否体现出了衔接。认真阅读下一段的开头几句,看是否能与选项紧密连接起来。
例3   (2017课标全国Ⅰ节选)If anyne had tld me three years ag that I wuld be spending mst f my weekends camping, I wuld have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were peple wh enjyed insect bites, ill-cked meals, and uncmfrtable sleeping bags. They had nthing in cmmn with me.　36    The friends wh intrduced me t camping thught that it meant t be a are ging t be trip they tk me n was a rugh ne.D.I was t learn a lt abut camping since then, hwever.
解析　本题为段尾题。设空处前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”,设空处后一段讲述了作者的 一次野营,前后之间存在转折关系,所以此处需要填一个承上启下的转折句,故选D项。
2.依据词汇线索(1)词汇复现词汇复现指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现或同一范畴词的复现。英语的线性思维表现为第一句话的宾语往往是第二句的主语,或者前后句有相同或重叠的词语。这种前后句语义的衔接常以句子中关键词(常为名词、动词、形容词)的同义词、近义词或反义词(组)复现的方式来实现。解题时可以利用这些词作为线索。
例4   (2018课标全国Ⅱ节选)Yur metablism(新陈代谢)gets a head start.　38    If yu wrk ut in the mrnings, then yu will be getting the calrie(卡路里)burning benefits fr the whle day, nt in yur can keep yur head clear fr 4—10 hurs after yu exercise, yu cntinue t burn calries thrughut the yu are planning t d exercise regularly, r yu're ding it nw, then listen up!
解析　本题可利用词汇复现法解题。F项中的“cntinue t burn calries thrughut the day(整整一天持续燃烧卡路里)”与设空处后句中的“will be getting the calrie burning benefits fr the whle day(整整一天都有卡路里燃烧的益处)”意义一致,其中calrie(卡路里)属于原词复现,thrughut the day与原文中的fr the whle day意义相同,属于同义词复现。
(2)代词线索代词主要是为避免重复,用于指代前面提到的人或物,有时也用于指代前面提到的概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。例5    (2019课标全国Ⅰ节选)Greenery is gd fr us. Hspital patients wh see tree branches ut their windw are likely t recver at a faster rate than patients wh see buildings r sky instead.　39     It gives us a great feeling f what are yu waiting fr?C.Being in nature refreshes side benefit f getting fresh air is is fresh air really as gd fr yu as yur mther always said?
解析　本题可利用代词线索法解题。空前介绍了看绿色植物对病人的康复有益,空后一句说“它 给我们一种非常好的内心平和的感觉”。由此可推断出空后的It应该指“置身于大自然”,故C项“置身于大自然使我们精神焕发”符合语境。
3.依据上下文逻辑和衔接关系文章由段落组成,层次分明,错落有致,围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系。阅读补全解题攻略之一就是要理清这些关系,并据此选出正确答案。(1)总分关系“总分结构”中的“总”是文章内容的总体概括,出现在文章的开头或结尾;“分”是文章内容的具体展开,它实际上是文章的主体部分。 一篇文章在总体布局上,可以先总后分,也可以先分后总,还可以先总后分再总。
例6   (2018课标全国Ⅰ节选) gd news is that there're really nly three kinds f decisins yu need t make abut clr in yur hme: the small nes, the medium nes, and the large nes.　38    . They're the little spts f clr like thrw pillws, mirrrs and baskets that mst f us use t add visual interest t ur rms. Less tiring than painting yur walls and less expensive than buying a clrful sfa, small clr chices bring with them the significant benefit f being easily all f them are usefulB.Whatever yu're lking frC.If yu're experimenting with a clrD.Small clr chices are the nes we're mst familiar with
解析　根据第一段末尾指出的需要作出的三种决定,即“the small nes, the medium nes, and the large nes”、第一段和后面三段形成总分的关系，三、四段分别介绍了后两种决定,故38题所在段落应介绍第一种决定。所以38题应该与the small nes有关。故D项符合段落主题。
(2)解释关系从逻辑意义上来看,句子与句子之间常常有解释关系,往往作者提出观点,紧接着对这个观点进行解释说明。因此,把握文章结构,理清作者表达的意思至关重要。例7    (2018课标全国Ⅱ节选)　39    Studies fund that peple wh wke up early fr exercise slept better than thse wh exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes yu, s it is mre difficult t relax and have a peacef-ul sleep when yu are very will stick t yur quality f sleep prefer healthy fd t fast fd.
解析　此处缺少一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。所选答 案应是对后面内容的总述。故B项符合本段主旨,意为“(如果早上锻炼)你的睡眠质量会有所提 高”。
（3）例证关系例证关系即某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有:fr example, fr instance,等。例8   (2017北京节选)Nw we have the mst direct evidence yet that he is right.　74    The synapses in the mice taken at the end f a perid f sleep were 18 per cent smaller than thse taken befre sleep, shwing that the cnnectins between neurns weaken while prcesses take place t stp ur brains becming laded with 's why students d better in tests if they get a chance t sleep after learning.F.“Sleep is the price we pay fr learning,”says Giuli Tnni, wh develped the 's team measured the size f these cnnectins,r synapses,in the brains f 12 mice.
解析　该段首句说“现在我们还有最直接的证据证明他是对的”,那接下来应该具体描述该证 据。此外,该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合看来,只有G项符合语境,指出了研究团 队、实验对象及实验内容。
(4)并列关系表示并列关系的标志词语有:and;first(ly);secnd(ly);then/next; t begin with; fr ne thing, fr anther thing; finally/last等。例9  (2017北京节选)Every animal sleeps, but the reasn fr this has remained fggy. When lab rats are nt allwed t sleep,they die within a mnth.　71    A.We shuld als try t sleep well the night 's as if the brain is preserving its mst imprtant , when peple g fr a few days withut sleeping, they get sick.
解析　首句指出“每种动物都要睡觉,但其原因仍然是个谜”。接下来是具体例子,当不允许实验 室的老鼠睡觉时,它们在一个月内就会死亡。C项“同样,如果人类连续几天不睡觉,就会生病”与 前句是并列关系。
(5)转折关系表示转折的词暗示前后说的是同一件事。表示转折关系的标志词语有: but, hwever, yet, while/ thugh/althugh, r/therwise, instead, nevertheless(然而), still等。例10    (2019课标全国Ⅰ节选)　40    While the sun's rays can age and harm ur skin,they als give us beneficial vitamin D.T make sure yu get enugh vitamin D—but still prtect yur skin—put n sunscreen right as yu head utside. It takes sunscreen abut fifteen minutes t start wrking,and that's plenty f time fr yur skin t absrb a day's wrth f vitamin air cleans ur what are yu waiting fr?C.Being in nature refreshes side benefit f getting fresh air is sunlight.
解析　空后一句说,虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到伤害,但也能给我们带来有益的维生素D, 因为while为转折词,暗示了前后文说的是同一事物,因此D项“呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是 阳光”符合语境,D项中的sunlight与空后的the sun's rays相呼应。
（6）对比关系表示对比的词暗示设空处与其后有相反的意义。表示对比关系的标志词语有:while, if nt, 等。例11    (2017课标全国Ⅲ节选)Keep a recrd and evaluate it weekly. Keep track f yur effrts and write dwn hw yu feel. After yu've tried a new methd fr a week, take a lk at yur recrd.　40    If nt, take anther lk at ther methds yu culd the steps yu take are wrking, keep it t yur set bedtime and wake-up time, n matter the the 15 minutes yu spend in line at the cafe t get cffee.
解析　本段谈到对自己所做的努力要记录、评价和调整。本空后的“If nt”说明设空处与其后 为对比关系,此处是说方法有效就应该坚持,其后是说如果无效,就看看其他你可以尝试的方法。 因此选E。
(7)因果关系表示因果关系的标志词语有:s, therefre, thus, cnsequently(因此), as a result (f)等。例12    (2018课标全国Ⅰ节选)The large clr decisins in yur rms cncern the walls, ceilings, and flrs.Whether yu're lking at wallpaper r paint, the time, effrt and relative expense put int it are significant.　40     clr chices are the nes we're mst familiar withE.It's nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr piecesF.S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first timeG.Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
解析　根据空前的“the time, effrt and relative expense put int it are significant”可知,大型物品 的颜色选择所需要的时间、精力、费用很多,这恰与F项构成因果关系。
(2016·全国Ⅱ) •__2__ Sme peple may think that a garden is n mre than plants, flwers, patterns and masses f clr. Others are cncerned abut using gardening methds that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)．Hwever, there are a number f ther reasns that might explain why yu want t garden. One f them cmes frm ur earliest years. A．Knw why yu garden B．Find a gd place fr yur wn garden
　解析：段首题，考查段落主题句。根据后面的there are a number f ther reasns that might explain why yu want t garden可知，这一部分主要说明的是首先要弄清楚从事园艺的原因。故A项与之相符。]
(2020·全国Ⅰ·片段)　· 37 D nt fllw the peple wh make yu feel nt-gd-enugh.Why d yu fllw them? Are yu hping that eventually yu will feel empwered because yur life is better than theirs? Knw that yur life is yur wn；yu are the nly yu in this upset again?B.Where d yu start?C.Nthing is t small t ，yu are nly an intentin fr self- cmparing yurself with des the cmparisn game start?
解析：根据此题所在的位置可知，此处是一个小标题。根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己与别人做比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。选项F “别再拿自己与别人做比较”与之对应。
A.(2020·全国Ⅰ·片段)　A Few Tips fr Self-AcceptanceWe all want accept and lve urselves.But at times it seems t difficult and t far ut f reach. 36 Here’s a handful f ways that will set yu in the right upset again?B.Where d yu start?C.Nthing is t small t ，yu are nly an intentin fr self- cmparing yurself with des the cmparisn game start?
解析：段中题，文章标题A Few Tips fr Self-Acceptance及空格前的“接受和爱自己似乎很难”，空格后的“这里有一些建议可以让你朝正确的方向发展”，均暗示空格处表示“该如何开始”，选项B“你从哪里开始呢？”与之对应。
(2020·全国Ⅰ·片段)　·Recgnize all f yur strengths.Write them dwn in a jurnal.Begin t train yur brain t lk at strength befre weakness.List all f yur accmplishments and achievements.Yu have a jb，earned yur degree，and yu gt ut f bed tday. 39 A.Feeling upset again?B.Where d yu start?C.Nthing is t small t ，yu are nly an intentin fr self- cmparing yurself with des the cmparisn game start?
解析：段尾题，本段的主题是“认可自己的优点”。根据空格前的“你有了一份工作，拿到了文凭，而且今天起床了”可知，任何小事都是值得认可的，故选项C“没有什么小事是不值得庆祝的”符合语境。
(2020·全国Ⅱ·片段)　Emji(表情符号) and Wrkplace CmmunicatinIn Asia，messaging platfrms are grwing rapidly，with users in the hundreds f millins，bth at wrk and play. 36 .It’s been reprted that 76 percent f emplyees in sme western cuntries are using emjis at with emjis feel mre cnversatinalB.Even a frmal email can seem cld and unfriendlyC.Sending smiling faces t clleagues may seem strangeD.The ppularity f these platfrms is spreading glballyE.Giving emplyees the tls enables them t cmmunicate hnestlyF.Studies shw that friendlier cmmunicatin leads t a happier wrkplaceG.An easy way t bring all wrk generatins tgether is with a chat platfrm
解析：词汇复现，根据空前一句可知，信息平台在亚洲增长很快，而空后提到据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号，故可判断选项D“这些平台的普及正蔓延至全球”承上启下。空前一句中的platfrms和选项D中的platfrms相呼应，空前一句中的In Asia和空后一句中的in sme western cuntries与glbally相呼应。
(2020·全国Ⅲ·片段)　 38 This is ften appreciated since at a husewarming there isn’t a lt f fd served.There are usually n planned activities like games at a husewarming isn’t usual is traditinal t bring a gift t a husewarming can als bring fd r drinks t share with the ther yu’re lucky enugh t receive gifts，keep them in a safe als gives peple a chance t see what the new hme lks best husewarming parties encurage ld friends t get was s that the persn culd keep their hme warm fr the winter.
解析：根据代词和因果关系推测，空格后的This是关键信息词。由since后的内容可知，在乔迁聚会时供应的食物不多，由此可判断This是指带食物去参加聚会，故选C项“你也可以带食物或饮料与其他客人分享”。
(2020·广东佛山质检)Als，thse wh take a cld shwer in the mrning are mre likely t be mre energetic than peple wh take a ht shwer. 2 This，in turn，increases yur xygen intake and heart rate，leading t imprved awareness and a mre energetic ，what are yu waiting fr?B.D yu believe in these benefits f cld shwers?C.That act increases the verall bld circulatin in yur f white bld cells will sn disappear frm yur bdy after results in the bdy prducing mre white bld cells as it thinks it’s under attack.F.A less bvius benefit f cld shwers may be discvered when yu lk in the sudden tuch f cld water will surprise the bdy，leaving yu taking a deep breath.
解析：因果关系，上句介绍早上洗冷水澡的人比洗热水澡的人更有活力，下文应该分析其原因，G项“冷水的突然接触会让你的身体感到惊讶，让你深吸一口气”解释了让人精力充沛的原因，故选G。
(2020·安徽池州质检)Knw what makes successful peple successful.Successful peple have willpwer，cnfidence and ptimism.A successful persn will never give up easily.Take Walt Disney fr example.At first，nbdy liked his ideas，but he believed in himself and cntinued wrking n them. 8 If yu really want t d smething，it desn’t matter what thers say.Keep n wrking at it，and yu will get what yu want in the in life has its things went well!C.But they wrked their way yu are n yur ut what yu want t all the infrmatin yu believe in anybdy else!
解析：由上文语境可知，空后举例子是为了证明“成功的人从来都不会轻言放弃”，空前说“一开始，没有人喜欢他的想法，但是他相信自己并且继续设法说服他们”，故可知选项B“最后一切都进展顺利”切题。故选B。