2023届高考英语二轮复习被动语态课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习被动语态课件，共55页。PPT课件主要包含了主要用于，时态 ，for me等内容，欢迎下载使用。

I.被动语态的构成形式
1.   被动语态构成： be＋过去分词
被动语态（passive vice）
要点搜索：常用时态被动语态的结构被动语态的用法主动与被动的转换注意事项:主动形式表示被动意义被动形式表示主动意义被动结构与系表结构的区别
语态(vice)是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Vice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Vice）。
*We cleaned the classrm yesterday. *The classrm was cleaned by us yesterday.
动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by的宾语。
不知或不必提及动作的执行者;*Three peple were injured.强调动作的承受者;*Many huses were destryed in the war.动作的执行者很模糊;*The sng is said t be very ppular abrad.
以d为例(d/des--- did--- dne)
am/is/are+ dne
did
was/were + dne
shall/will d
shall/will + be dne
am/is/are ding
am/is/are + being dne
was/were ding
was/were + being dne
has/have dne
has/have + been dne
had + been dne
一般现在时 am / is / are +dne (过去分词) Visitrs are requested nt t tuch the exhibits.现在完成时has /have been dne. 如: I have been clned. All the preparatins fr the task have been cmpleted, and we are ready t start.
3）现在进行时 am/is /are being dne 　 例:一座新的电影院正在这儿被建起.
4）一般过去时 was/were dne　　例: I was given ten minutes t decide whether I shuld reject the ffer.
A new cinema is being built here．
5）过去完成时 had been dne 　By the end f last year, anther new gymnasium in Beijing. (cmplete)6）过去进行时 was/were being dne 　 A meeting was being held when I was there.
had been cmpleted
7）一般将来时 shall/will be dne 例: Hundreds f jbs if the factry clses.8）过去将来时 shuld/wuld be dne 　例: The news wuld be sent t the sldier's mther as sn as it arrived.
will be lst
9）将来完成时（少用）shall/will have been dne The prject will have been cmpleted befre July.10）过去将来完成时（少用）shuld/wuld have been dne He tld me that my new clthes wuld have been made very sn.
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构, 其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词例: The baby shuld be taken gd care f by the baby-sitter. He said that the mistakes must be crrected in time.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语, 在用于被动结构时, 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语, 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语. His mther gave him a present fr his birthday. 可改: He was given a present by his mther fr his birthday.或改: A present was given t him by his mther fr his birthday.
Vt. ① give, send, take, bring, get…+双宾语变被动语态时，如直接宾语 主语，则被保留的间接宾语前要加 + t ② buy, make, find, get….+ frA bk was given t me.The suit was made fr Tm.
3) 当 “动词+宾语+宾语补足语” 结构变为被动语态时, 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 其余不动。 Smene caught the by smking a cigarette. The by was caught smking a cigarette. They painted the dr green. The dr was painted green.
4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, ntice, hear, feel, bserve等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式t要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加t。She saw a stranger walk int the building. 改: A stranger was seen t walk int the building (by her). 改: His father made him study.He was made t study (by his father).
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is t be put ff till Friday. We are lking after a little by.-- A little by is being lked after.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 t d 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例: I dn't like being laughed at .
The meeting _______ tmrrw is very imprtant. A. heldB. being held C. t be heldD. will be held
二、 如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被 动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。例: My bike was stlen last night.
2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例: I was given ten minutes t decide whether I shuld accept the ffer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。例: The well-knwn persn gt n the bus and was immediately recgnized by peple. （一个主语就够了）
三.It is said that +从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如 believe, cnsider, expect, reprt, say, suppse, think 等可用于句型 It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 主语＋be＋过去分词＋t d sth.It is said that the by has passed the exam.The by is said t have passed the exam.
It is said that… 据说,It is reprted that… 据报道，It is believed that… 大家相信，It is hped that… 大家希望，It is well knwn that… 众所周知，It is thught that… 大家认为，It is suggested that… 据建议。
主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it.
① We knw that Britain is an island cuntry.
② It’s knwn that Britain is an island cuntry.
宾语为反身代词, 相互代词及虚词it时， 无被动
I will d it myself. The man intrduced himself as Mr. Wang.
get / cme / g + P.P 表被动含义 用来强调动作结果表示出乎意料的偶然事件. cme / g 常与否定连用
They gt delayed because f the hliday traffic .The wman’s cmplaints went unnticed.
四.谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
break, catch, clean, drive, lck, pen, sell, read，write, wash等, 当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时， 主语通常是物。This kind f clth washes well.
注意： 主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征， 被动语态强调外界作用造成的影响 (强调动作）。 试比较： The dr wn’t lck. (指门本身有毛病) The dr wn’t be lcked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指人为的原因）
2. 不及物动词主动形式表示被动意义happen, cme abut, take place, last, belng t, suit, fit (适合), have, let, fall, cst , break ut (爆发), appear, burst ut(突然), hld(容纳), lack(缺乏), agree with(同意), break ut(爆发）, cme true，jin Hw lng did it last? I wish my dream wuld cme true.
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sund, taste, smell, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例:Yur reasn sunds reasnable. * 注意区分它们作 行为动词时可以被动: An air f depressin was felt.
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词主动形式表被动意义
1． 在need，want，require等词的后面, 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义, =动词不定式的被动形式。例: The huse needs repairing. t be repaired ．
2. 形容词 wrth+V-ing 的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式； 而 wrthy + t be dne 的被动形式。例: The bk is well wrth reading．＝The bk is well wrthy t be read．）
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lt f things t d this afternn． 试比较：I’ll g t the pst ffice. D yu have a letter t be psted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明yu不是pst动作的执行者。)
4. 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, imprtant, impssible, pleasant, interesting .English is easy t be learned.English is easy t learn.这道题很难解出.This prblem is difficult t wrk ut .
5． 在t… t…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。 This bk is t expensive (fr me) t buy.6. 由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent, blame，let 等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 Wh is t blame fr starting the fire?This apartment is t rent at a reasnable price.The huse is t let.
7. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时， 不定式用主动式 作 定语，重点在人， 用被动式 作 定语，重点在物。There is n time t lse / t be lst. (用 t lse可看成fr us t lse； 用t be lst，谁 lst time不明确.)
六、被动语态与系表结构的区别
“be+过去分词” 被动语态--主语承受的动作； 系表结构--主语的特点/所处的状态, be后面的过去分词是表语, 相当于形容词。 区分办法如下：
被动结构与系表结构的区别
被动--动作, 系表--状态、情况;*I was interested by the teacher’s jke.*I am interested in literature.被动常用介词by引发出动作的对象,系表结构中常用其他介词;*I was interested by what yu shwed me.*I’m interested in my wn hbbies.
The stre was pen. (系表结构, 表状态） The stre was pened by an ld man. （被动语态, by引导出动作的执行者） The glass is brken.(系表结构, 表状态） The glass was brken int pieces． （被动语态, 省略了施动者）
3. 被动可以用于进行时态系表-除了与be连用外,还可以用其他系动词替换。 The machine is being repaired． (被动) The dr is lcked．（系表结构） She became interested in maths.
4、谓语动词带有时间/ 方式状语时， 多半是被动语态 The picture was drawn lng ag.
2．高考对非谓语动词语态的考查
当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。
1)Having a trip abrad is certainly gd fr the ld cuple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjy it. A. t see B. t be seenC. seeing D. seen解析 B. 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。
2). While shpping, peple smetimes can’t help ___ int buying smething they dn’t really need. A. t persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded　答案C. 　解析 can’t help ding “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。
3）I feel it is yur husband wh ___ fr the spiled child. A.is t blame B.is ging t blameC.is t be blamed D. shuld blame解析 A. feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在be t d结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如t blame， t let，t rent 等。
3.被动语态常见错误例析