2023届高考英语二轮复习形容词、副词、比较等级学案

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习形容词、副词、比较等级学案，共6页。学案主要包含了形容词及其基本用法，形容词的一些注意事项，副词的基本用法，形容词，比较等级的用法，倍数表达法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题二: 形容词、副词、比较等级基础知识过关一、形容词及其基本用法形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 说明其性质或特征。形容词一般可以作定语、表语和补足语, 有时也可作状语, 但有些形容词只能作表语, 如well,  ill,  faint,  pleased以及多数以“a”开头的形容词(afraid,  alike,  alive,  alone,  asleep,  awake等)。二、形容词的一些注意事项(1)形容词作定语修饰名词时, 要放在名词的前面。但是如果形容词修饰不定代词时, 要放在不定代词之后, 如something nice。Unlike traditional gyms,  this one offers people free choices to exercise. 这个健身房不像传统的健身房, 它为人们提供灵活的锻炼选择。(2)以-ly结尾的形容词 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词, 但 friendly, deadly, lonely, likely, lively, lovely仍为形容词。有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词, 也为副词, 如daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early等。(3)“the+形容词”表示类别和整体 “the+某些形容词”可以泛指一类, “the+国家和民族的形容词”指这个民族的整体, 与谓语动词的复数连用, 如the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the blind, the hungry, the British, the English, the French, the Chinese等。三、副词的基本用法(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 疑问副词是用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的。A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established. 狗的饮食习惯在正确地养成之前需要定期训练。(2)修饰形容词的副词, 通常放在所修饰词的前面; 修饰动词时, 一般放在所修饰的动词之后, 但有些副词, 如always,  often,  usually,  never,  ever等, 则放在实义动词之前, 助动词、be动词或情态动词之后。(3)有些副词, 如fortunately,  luckily,  surprisingly,  honestly,  actually,  personally等作评注性状语, 往往修饰整个句子, 而且它们常位于句首, 用逗号与后面的句子分开。Thankfully,  I managed to get through the game. 谢天谢地, 我终于打完比赛了。(4)常考的连接性副词: though然而, 可是; meanwhile在此期间; therefore/thus/consequently因此, 所以; moreover/furthermore此外; besides另外, 还有; however然而; instead相反, 代替; anyway/anyhow无论如何, 不管怎样; otherwise否则。四、形容词、副词的比较等级　　大多数形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级, 用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形, 比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。(1)规则变化。单音节的词一般在形容词或副词后面直接加-er变为比较级, 加-est变为最高级high—higher—highest以重读闭音节结尾, 且末尾只有一个辅音字母的, 则双写最后一个辅音字母, 再加-er变为比较级, 加-est变为最高级big—bigger—biggestthin—thinner—thinnest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词, 则将y改为i再加-er变为比较级, 加-est变为最高级busy—busier—busiestheavy—heavier—heaviest以字母e结尾的单词, 直接加-r变为比较级, 加-st变为最高级large—larger—largest多音节以及某些双音节形容词或副词, 则通常在其前加more变为比较级, 加 most变为最高级important—more important—most importantdifficult—more difficult—most difficult(2)不规则变化。well/good —better— best bad/ill —worse—worstold—older/elder— oldest/eldestmuch/many— more— most little—less—leastfar—farther/further—farthest/furthest 五、比较等级的用法1. 原级的用法(1)肯定句中常用“as+原级形容词或副词+as”的结构。意为“与……一样……”, 表示前后两者的情况一样。Though I worked as hard as before,  I didn’t feel tired at all. 虽然我和以前一样努力工作, 但我一点没有感到疲劳。(2)在否定结构中, 既可以用not as. . . as. . . , 也可以用not so. . . as. . . 。He isn’t as/so tall as you. 他不如你高。2. the+比较级一是特指两者中较怎么样的人或物, 二是用于“the+比较级, the+比较级”, 表示“越……越……”。例如: Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? 哪一个是较大的国家, 加拿大还是澳大利亚? The more, the better. 越多越好。3. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”He studies harder and harder. 他学习越来越努力了。4. 修饰比较级的词和短语 a bit,  a little,  rather,  much,  far,  by far,  a lot,  a great deal,  any,  still,  even等。He is much friendlier than others. 他比其他人都友好得多。5. 比较级表示最高级(1)直接使用比较级, 常用于not/never+动词+a/an+比较级+名词或not+动词+比较级Mr Li is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a better boss. 为李先生工作感觉非常好, 我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。(2)比较级+than+the other+复数名词; 比较级+than+ the rest of+复数名词; 比较级+than+ any of the other+复数名词; 比较级+than+ any other+单数名词The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河流都长。6. 最高级的用法(1)形容词和副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较。形容词的最高级前要加定冠词the, 但是副词最高级前的the可以省略。He is the tallest of the three boys. 他是三个男孩中最高的。(2)修饰最高级常用的词和短语主要有序数词和much, by far, nearly, almost等。She speaks English much the best. 她的英语说得最好。(3)表示“最……之一”时, 用“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构。Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. 上海是我国最大的城市之一。六、倍数表达法　　用 times 表示倍数(一般限于包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍的数, 一般用 twice )。其句式有: (1)A is+倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+ than+BThis hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅是我们教室的5倍大。 (2)A is+倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+ as+BThis table is three times as long as that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍长。(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(如:  size,  height,  weight,  length,  width 等)+ of+BThis river is three times the depth of that one. 这条河是那条河的三倍深。 (4)A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago. 这条路的长度是三年前的4倍。 过关训练Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1. (2020·湖南学业水平考试真题)They __________(normal) pass important messages to each other about where to find food.  2. (2019·湖南学业水平考试真题) They think it is their duty to make the Earth __________(beauty )and peaceful.  3. (2018·湖南学业水平考试真题) In the beginning,  its ads were __________(usual) about American culture.  4. It must have been __________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers to sit with all the smoke and noise.  5. It is __________(certain) fun playing football on the playground after class.  6. I stopped the ball and kicked it __________(immediate) back to the playground.  7. I went to him for help,  but he treated me __________(cold).  8. A few minutes __________(late),  my mother asked me to stop the car to get out for a short breath.  9. I enjoyed playing pop music and collecting the __________(late) music albums.  10. I was __________(amaze) at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing the doctor.  Ⅱ. 语法小语段(1)　　This is Tammela School, 1. __________ primary school in Finland. The students are having a math class with their robot teacher. The “teacher” is a small blue machine about 25cm 2. __________ (height). Whenever students have 3. __________(problem), it helps them very 4. __________(patient) and never gets 5. __________(bore).  (2)　　Smiling can show people that you’re 1. __________(friend). And,  we have more than fifty 2. __________(difference) kinds of smiles for different situations. When something is funny,  we 3. __________(usual) smile with an open mouth. If we are happy,  our eyes become 4. __________(small) than usual when we smile. If we are proud 5. __________ something,  we keep our lips together.  (3)　　It was a very special day because Dylan Terry came to the West End Children’s Home!  Dylan Terry is my favorite 1. __________(sing). I like him because he sings 2. __________(wonderful). He’s cute and he helps the kids a lot. We were standing near the door,  3. __________(wait) for him. Everyone was very 4. __________(excite). 5. __________(final),  he arrived and shook 6. __________(hand) with us. He was so nice!  (4)　　We have studied in high school for several months. The school life is very busy and 1. __________ (excite). We all take part in many activities 2. __________ (active). I have made many new 3. __________(friend) and we often help and learn from each other in study. Our teachers not only teach us how to study but also teach us how to be 4. __________ useful person in society. The study now is far 5. __________ (different) than before. I often find there is something difficult to understand. In order to make great progress,  I should try my best.    参考答案Ⅰ. 1. normally　2. beautiful　3. usually4. fairly　5. certainly　6. immediately7. coldly　8. later　9. latest10. amazedⅡ. (1)1. a　2. high　3. problems　4. patiently5. bored(2)1. friendly　2. different　3. usually4. smaller　5. of(3)1. singer　2. wonderfully　3. waiting4. excited　5. Finally　6. hands(4)1. exciting　2. actively　3. friends　4. a5. more different