高考英语二轮复习定语从句学案（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习定语从句学案（教师版），共13页。学案主要包含了问题查找，要点精讲，查漏补缺，梳理优化，强化巩固，课后练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高中英语 人教版 高三一轮复习 定语从句【问题查找】单项选择1、The exact year________Anglela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A．when  B．where  C．why  D．whichD　考查定语从句的关系词。本题先行词为year，在定语从句中作及物动词spent的宾语，因此选用关系代词which。[来源:Zxxk.Com]2、I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________my classmates recommended to me.A．who  B．which  C．when  D．whereB　考查定语从句。根据题干信息，定语从句的先行词为book，定语从句中缺乏宾语，加之逗号后为非限制性定语从句，所以本题选B。3、Students should involve themselves in community activities  ________  they can gain experience for growth.[A．who     B．when   C．which  D．whereD　 考查定语从句。句意：学生应该使他们自己参与到团体活动中来，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长经验。根据句意可知，所填词引导定语从句，先行词是activities，并且从句中的主谓宾成分是齐全的，且不需要表示时间，故选择D项。4、I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A. as  B. why  C. when   D. where[来C　考查定语从句。句意：我一直期待着我的女儿能读懂这本书，能明白我对她的感情的那一天。关系副词when引导定语从句，修饰先行词day，在从句中作时间状语。  【要点精讲】精讲一：定语从句概述            （10分钟）1. 定义：定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面，这个名词叫做先行词；连接主句与从句的词叫关系词。2. 关系词有三个作用：一是连接主句与从句；二是指代先行词；三是在从句中充当句子成分。 3.选择关系词的两条重要依据：先行词是人还是物？在从句中作何种句子成分？先行词  人 物作主语 who/that which/that作宾语 who(m)/that 作定语 whose whose/of which 作状语 时间 when 地点 where reason后 why way后 that/in which/- ►　专题透析定语从句是高考的必考点，主要考查关系代词，关系副词的基本用法，考查形式主要是填入关系代词或关系副词，在做题时要注意其在句子中的作用，然后判断选择关系代词或关系副词。 精讲二：关系代词的使用             （15分钟）1．定语从句中的关系代词只能用that的情况规则1：当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, something, the one, none, all, much, few, any, little等不定代词时，只能用that。如：All that can be done has been done. 规则2：当先行词被the only, the very(就是那个), all, much, few, any, little, no修饰时，只用that。如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 规则3：当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that。如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 规则4：先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that。如：Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?规则5：当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，为避免重复要用that。如：Who is the man that is standing there? 规则6：有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that。如：They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection. 规则7：当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。如：Hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be. 2．定语从句中的关系代词只能用 which的情况规则1：在引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which。如：The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. 规则2：介词后只能用which。如：We depend on the land from which we get our food. 规则3：有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用which。  3．定语从句中的关系代词只能用who的情况规则1：当先行词是anyone, those时只能用who。如：Is there anyone who is ready to help the injured person? 规则2：有两个定语从句，先行词指人时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用who。4．whose的使用whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中只能作定语， 后跟名词。指物时，whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of which ＝ of which＋the＋名词。如：The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor. 精讲三：关系代词as和which的使用       （5分钟）在非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。规则1：as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以插入主句中，常表示“正如……，正像……”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，翻译成“这一点”。如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 规则2：主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择关系代词as在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如：This house is not such as I expect.(such为代词，作先行词； as在定语从句中作宾语) 规则3：当先行词由the same修饰时，有时也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的意思不同：that表示同一个，as表示同一类。如：This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一个书包)This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。(同类型的另一个)规则4：在以下结构中，一般也用as: as(it)appears, as (it)seems likely, as (it)often happens, as (it)was pointed out/said/reported/announced, as (it)was said earlier, as I remember (it), as is well­known, as is known to all, as anybody can see等。 精讲四：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句     （5分钟）“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：The pen with which he wrote was made in China.他写字用的钢笔是中国制造的。The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast.汤姆到加拿大时坐的火车速度非常快。The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.那位老师房前有棵大树，他对学生们非常有耐心。 规则1：某些带有介词的动词短语，介词可以提至关系代词之前，但是在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可以分割，因此不能将介词置于关系代词之前，如take care of, look for, look after, care for等。如：This is the book (which/that) I am looking for. 规则2：“介词＋关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等不定代词或者数词，有时数词或代词也可以放在“介词＋关系代词”之后。如：(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.＝He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.(2)Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.＝Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels.(3)China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.＝China has thousands of islands, of which the largest is Taiwan. 精讲五：定语从句中的主谓一致         （5分钟）规则1：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble. 规则2：先行词为“one of＋复数名词”时，定语从句谓语动词用复数形式；而先行词为“the only one of＋复数名词”时，定语从句谓语动词用单数。如：Harry Potter is one of the bestsellers that are popular with teenagers.Harry Potter is the only one of the bestsellers that makes the author a billionaire.规则3：非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如：He has passed the exam, which makes us surprised.Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. 规则4：关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时，谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代。如：To own a TV set in each family, which we think was impossible 30 years ago, now has become true. 精讲六：关系副词的使用           （5分钟）规则1：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；       when＝表示时间的介词(in/at/on/during…)＋which。 规则2：where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，       where＝表示地点的介词(in/at/on/under…)＋which。 规则3：why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，why＝表示原因的介词for＋which。 规则4：以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：The way(in which/that)he answered the question was surprising.(in which/that在从句中充当状语)温馨提示The way(which/that)he explained to us was quite simple.(which/that在从句中充当宾语) 规则5：一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity，scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语时，用关系代词that/which；作状语时，用关系副词where/when或“介词＋which”。如：(1)There is one point(that/which)we must insist on.有一个观点我们必须坚持。(定语从句可还原为：we must insist on the point, 所以先行词point在定语从句中作宾语，故用that/which或省略。) (2)We're just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.我们正努力做到能让双方坐下来对话。(定语从句可还原为：…at a point both sides will sit down together and talk, 故先行词point在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词用where/at which。) 精讲七：定语从句和其他句型之间的关系     （10分钟）规则1：区别such…as…/so…as…引导的定语从句和such/so…that…引导的结果状语从句。如果从句缺少主语或宾语就是定语从句，连接词用as；如果从句的结构完整，就是结果状语从句，连接词用that。如：He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.(从句不缺句子成分，that引导结果状语从句)He is such a good boy as everyone likes.(从句中likes缺宾语，用as充当并引导定语从句) 规则2：区别非限制性定语从句与并列句定语从句与主句之间用关系词连接；并列句之间用并列连词连接。如：He said nothing that made me angry.(限制性定语从句，that是关系代词)He said nothing, which made me angry.(非限制性定语从句)He said nothing, and that made me angry.(并列句，that是指示代词) 规则3：区别定语从句与名词性从句定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语；而名词性从句中的连词that在从句中不作任何成分；疑问代词what及疑问副词how可连接名词性从句，但不能引导定语从句。如：As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.(as引导非限制性定语从句)It is known to all that the moon travels around the earth.(it作形式主语，that引导主语从句)What is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth.(what引导主语从句， that引导表语从句)That the moon travels around the earth is known to all.(that引导主语从句) 规则4：区别定语从句与地点状语从句关系副词引导定语从句时，其前面必须有表示时间、地点、原因等的先行词；而疑问副词连接状语从句时，其前面没有。如：When you read the book, you'd better make a mark in the place where you have any questions.(定语从句修饰先行词place)When you read the book, you'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(地点状语从句) 规则5：区别定语从句与强调句、时间状语从句that在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语；而在强调句型中 that不作任何成分，但不能省；在结果状语从句中that也只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。如：It was this small village(that/which)we lived in 10 years ago.(定语从句)It was in this small village that we lived 10 years ago.(强调句)It was 1914 when the war broke out.(时间状语从句)It was in 1914 that the war broke out.(强调句)It was 1914, when the war broke out.(非限制性定语从句)  【查漏补缺】单项选择1、The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work   ________ a good impression is a must.A．which  B．when   C．as  D．whereD　考查定语从句。句意：这本书在我的日常交流方面给予了我很大帮助，尤其是在必须给别人留下一个好印象的工作中。分析句子结构可知，先行词为抽象名词work，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。2、Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. which   B. what  C. where   D. when A　考查定语从句。句意：在水手们必须面对的许多危险中，也许最大的是雾。此题易误选C项，原因是没有分析清楚从句的句子成分。which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词dangers，同时在从句中作face的宾语。3、A company ________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A．which      B．whose    C．who      D．why B　考查定语从句。句意：一个来自国内市场的利润在下降的公司可能会寻找国外机会。a company是先行词，其后是定语从句，定语从句的主语是profits，缺少定语，故选B。4、Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.A. that    B. which   C. as   D. what[A　考查定语从句。先行词是information，指物，关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语，且先行词用不定代词all修饰，关系词只能用that，故选A。5、Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.A．that  B．which  C．who  D．itB　考查定语从句。此处which指代整个主句内容引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中作主语。句意：到现在为止，我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子们筹集到了50 000英镑，这是完全没有预料到的。6、English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, ________ uses it differently.A. all of which   B. each of which   C. all of them  D. each of themB　考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意：英语是一种被好几种不同文化共同使用的语言，每一种文化使用它时都是不同的。首先A 项和C项中的all暗示空格后用use，故排除A、C；根据空格后的uses使用的是一般现在时，可知空格处需用单数名词或代词，可选B、D；再根据uses是谓语动词，可知空格处是主语，只有each of which能作主语，并构成了定语从句。7、I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade，________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.A．when  B．where  C．which  D．whyA　考查定语从句。句意：我直到五年级才成为一个真正的攀登者，那一年我爬上了树枝去够一只被卡的风筝。该句中的先行词是the fifth grade，此处先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，应该用关系副词when。故选A 项。定语从句的关键是：在主句中找出先行词，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”。如果作主语和宾语，用关系代词who, whom, that和which；如果作状语，则用when, where, why等。8、We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.A. which   B. where  C. when  D. whatA　考查定语从句的用法。此处先行词targets被in a month所扰，考生容易错把month当成先行词而误选C。targets在定语从句中作set的宾语，所以关系词应用which或that。故选A。  【梳理优化】   【强化巩固】使用恰当关系词填空1．.Of course whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at Mary，________ made her feel like a star...2．..Nick's guests，________ had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could...3．The next day，my brother and I went to the beach ________ we watched some people play volleyball.4．The exact year ______ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.5．I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me.6．Students should involve themselves in community activities________they can gain experience for growth.7．I am looking forward to the day________my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.8．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work_________a good impression is a must.9．Among the many dangers_______sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog.10．A company ________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.11．Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.12．Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，________ is quite unexpected.13．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each ________ uses it differently.14．I don't become a serious climber until the fifth grade，________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.15．We'll reach the sales targets in a month________we set at the beginning of the year.16．A sailor ________ has experienced no storm will never become an excellent sailor.17．I would visit some museums ________ should not be missed to widen my horizons as well as enrich my knowledge.18．People can enjoy the moon while eating moon cakes，________ are the special food for this festival.19．Nowadays parents have done everything for their single children，________ makes the children rely on their parents badly.20．You know，my uncle Li Ming is going to the city ________ you live to attend an international meeting.答案　1.which　2.who　3.where　4.which　5.which 6．where　7.when　8.where　9.which　10.whose 11．that　12.which　13.of which　14.when　15.which　16.who　17.which　18.which　19.which　20.where  【课后练习】Ⅰ.根据上下文和括号中的提示，用定语从句完成句子In our school，there are various kinds of activities，1.________________(我们非常喜欢它们)．Playing football and reading stories are my favorites 2.________________(它们对我有许多好处)．Besides building my body and enriching my knowledge，they also free me from the heavy work or study.From my point of view，if there is an activity 3.________________(是你感兴趣并适合你)，you should participate in it,4.________________(它不仅能使你的学校生活丰富多彩，还能提高你的交际能力)．答案　1.which we enjoy very much　2.which do me lots of good　3.which interests and suits you　4.which will not only enrich your school life，but also improve your ability to communicate with others Ⅱ.完成句子1．—How do you like the book?—It's quite different from the one ________(我上周读的那本)．2．—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?—Yes，there is one point________ (我们必须坚持)．3．—Where did you have the discussion with Professor Snow?—It was in the classroom________(我们昨天上生物课) .4．Soon children in the camp had many new friends，______ (他们分享食物)，stories，and projects.5．________ (正如报告所显示的那样)，teenager problems are often connected with family life education.6．The road construction is based on the agreement，______ (它的一个目标)  is to ensure its completion on time.7．Meizhou Island is such a beautiful place of interest ________ (每一个人都喜欢参观的)．8．________(我们众所周知)，our government has spared no efforts to control food prices.9．Gone are the days________ (我们一起度过的) in the mountainous village.10．With the development of agriculture，the people______ (在他们的村庄)  I taught are now living a happy life.答案　1.that/which I read last week　2.that/which we must insist on　3.where we had a biology lesson yesterday 4．with whom they shared food　5.As is shown in the report 6．one of whose purposes　7.as every one likes to visit　8.As is known to us　9.when we spent together　10.in whose village