2023届新高考英语二轮专项练习阅读理解综合训练C卷作业含答案

这是一份2023届新高考英语二轮专项练习阅读理解综合训练C卷作业含答案，共14页。试卷主要包含了Picture this等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题十二 阅读理解综合训练（C卷）
1.    From virtual tours to e-learning tools, museums and art galleries have been sharing resources using digital platforms to continue to connect with the public, share collections and stories.
    Hastings Museum and Art Gallery
    Hastings Museum and Art Gallery is a museum in Hastings with a diverse collection of local history, fine decorative arts and natural science. In addition, we have launched a digital museum via Twitter, Facebook and Instagram.
    The British Library
    Our imaginative specialists managed to digitize the globes, which form one of the most beautiful parts in the British Library's vast map collection. The virtual globes would be made available for up-close interaction on the British Library's website throughout 2020, with the first ten due for release on 26 March.
    Art UK
    Art UK is the online home for every public art collection in the UK. Art UK is a charity, which features almost 250,000 digitized artworks available online. Through our work, We make art available to everyone—for enjoyment, learning and research. We also offer users the opportunity to create and share albums of artworks as well as "digital surrogate(替代的) exhibitions".
    Leeds Art Gallery
    The displays at Leeds Art Gallery have been selected by the staff to reflect the richness and variety of the collections. Established masterpieces are presented alongside lesser-known works. The exhibition includes recent acquisitions and long-term works from the collections. There are many collections—only a fraction(少量) of them are on display at any one time. When not on show, these may be seen by appointment at the Gallery.
1. Which is the most inviting to a geography lover?
A. Hastings Museum and Art Gallery. B. The British Library.
C. Art UK. D. Leeds Art Gallery.
2. What is special about Art UK?
A. It is an ideal museum for a family.
B. It has the largest collection of art works.
C. It is a non-profit art learning service.
D. It displays lesser-known works besides famous ones.
3. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To introduce virtual tour options.
B. To inform readers of art events.
C. To choose the best gallery in England.
D. To popularize art knowledge to readers.
2.    In Europe, there are countless cities which are worth visiting, among which Prague and Vienna are both wonderful and exciting cities with a stunning modern atmosphere and ancient history and culture. If you've got a European vacation planned, but your limited time or budget can only allow you to explore one of these amazing cities, it may not be an easy decision to make, since each of them may own some unique or outstanding features.
    Sightseeing
    While both cities are rich in sightseeing adventures, Prague is definitely more beautiful as a city. You can walk along the Danube River for breathtaking views, sit in one of the many cafes that dot the urban landscape, and breathe in the amazing architecture both old and modern that makes up this Central European metropolis (都市). Vienna is a hotbed of history, home to such great sites such as the Hofburg, Schonbrunn Palace and Gardens, and St. Stephen's Cathedral.
    Shopping
    You most likely don't travel all the way to Europe just to go shopping. But, if you happen to be a shopaholic, Vienna is definitely a better choice. But be warned: fine goods you buy in Vienna will sometimes be three times more expensive than what they are in the United States or Canada.
    Cuisine
    When it comes to great dining, both cities are equally fascinating. Austrians are known for their love of sweets and snacks, which is reflected in many bakeries, cafés, and restaurants scattered around Vienna. Some restaurants in either city offer local cuisine, though you're more likely to be eating a combination of Western European or even Americanized food. Bear in mind that Prague (being that it is in Central Europe) will be far less pricey than Vienna.
    Culture
    What do you hope to see on your trip? Palaces? Medieval Cathedrals? The Opera? How about museums? If you do happen to visit both cities, you'll find that culture equally as enriching. However, Vienna has more world-class museums which display the rich history of the area.
1.Which word can best describe Vienna about sightseeing?
A.Diverse B.Historic. C.Modern. D.Romantic.
2.Which of the following statement is true according to the text?
A.Prague has more appealing tourist attractions than Vienna.
B.Vienna is a paradise for shopping due to the cheap goods there.
C.The food can cost more in Vienna compared with that in Prague.
D.Prague is home to many world-known museums and cathedrals.
3.How does the author organize the passage?
A.By comparison. B.By listing examples.
C.By providing figures. D.By asking questions.
3.    Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite the opposite, just as the cook has to undergo a particular training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose is— schoolwork, matters of business, or purely social communication.
    You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.
    There are still some faraway places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for money. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.
    We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to papers. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put into mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figures must be extremely large. What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes whatever he writes will be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some "letters-to-be-read" files or into a wastepaper basket. This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.
1.In this passage, good writing is compared to fine food because _______.
A.both are enjoyable B.both are hard to learn
C.both are necessary to life D.both take a long time to prepare
2.According to the passage, some managers don't have to do any letterwriting because _____.
A.they rely on quick notes B.they have excellent secretaries
C.they have a computer to do it D.they prefer making phone calls
3.According to the author, if your letter is thrown into some "letter-to-be-read" file, _______.
A.it will receive immediate attention B.it will be dealt with by the secretary
C.it is likely to be neglected D.it is meant to be delivered soon
4.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is _______.
A.to explain and persuade B.to comment and criticize
C.to interest and entertain D.to argue and demonstrate
4.Conversation goes far beyond talking. It also involves, as Swedish author Annika Thor has written，"eyes, smiles, the silences between the words." When those elements are put together, conversational partners feel most deeply engaged and connected.
Dart-mouth College neuroscientists have taken that idea and carried it to new places. They report some surprising findings on the interaction between eye contact and how two people synchronize(使同步)neural(神经的)activity while talking. The researchers suggest that being in tune with a conversational partner is good-but that occasionally falling out of sync might be even better.
Maintaining eye contact has long been thought to act as the glue that connects two people in conversation. Similarly, the growing study of neural synchrony has largely focused on the way consistence in individuals' brain activity benefits the social connection between them.
Earlier research by the Dartmouth lab had showed that synchronized pupil dilation(瞳孔扩张)serves as a reliable indicator of shared attention, which in turn marks greater neural synchrony. In the new study, which measured pupil dilation during unstructured 10-minute conversations, the researchers found that the initial moment of eye contact-rather than a continuing period of locked stares-marks a peak in shared attention. Synchrony, in fact, drops sharply just after you look into your partner's eyes and begins to recover only when you and that person look away from each other. "Eye contact is not bringing synchrony； it's disturbing it，"says Thalia Wheatley, the paper's senior author.
Why would this happen？Wheatley claims that making and breaking eye contact ultimately drives the conversation forward. "Perhaps what this is doing is allowing us to break synchrony and move back into our own heads so that we can bring forth new and individual contributions to keep the conversation going，"Wohltijen says.
Connections between stare and synchrony might be relevant to research in mental disorders that involve untypical interaction. The findings also help explain frustrations over video-conferencing platforms, where real eye contact is nearly impossible to make or break because of the positioning of cameras and windows on screens.
1.What do the Dartmouth College neuroscientists find？
A.People tend to synchronize while talking.
B.Occasional absence of sync can be better.
C.Eye contact draws people to conversations.
D.The silences between the words work wonders.
2.When does shared attention reach the highest？
A.At the beginning of eye contact. B.After 10 minutes' locked stares.
C.In the middle of the conversation. D.Before looking away from each other.
3.What does Wohltjen think of breaking synchrony？
A.It disturbs rather than brings synchrony. B.It often results in communication barriers.
C.It is a reliable indicator of shared attention. D.It adds fresh thoughts to the conversation.
4.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about the research？
A.Its significance. B.Its shortcomings. C.Its challenges. D.Its complexity.
5.Picture this: A goldfish swimming in a square tank on wheels as it rolls from one side of a room to the other.
It's not a scene from a children's book or a futuristic movie. It's an animal behavior experiment at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, where researchers have successfully trained several goldfish to operate a robotic vehicle in an effort to explore whether their species is able to navigate(导航) on land.
It turns out that they just might be, according to one of the researchers. "Our experiment shows that goldfish have the ability to learn a complex task in an environment completely unlike the one they evolved in."
To test the fish, researchers created the "Fish Operated Vehicle"(FOV), a special robotic car with a fish tank, which tracked where the goldfish was and what direction it was swimming, and then automatically move in the same direction.
Researchers tasked six goldfish with "driving" the vehicle toward a target-a colorful mark on the wall visible through the four clear sides of the tank. The fish were rewarded with a feed when the vehicle touched the target. Researchers conducted multiple 30-minute sessions to see how many times each fish reached the target, how long each drive took and the distance they traveled each time.
After a few days of training, the fish were able to navigate to the target even if they hit a wall along the way or started their drive from a new location. Notably, they weren't fooled by fake targets of other colors, either. Initially, it took the fish about half an hour to drive to the target, but by the end of the experiment, they were able to complete the same challenge in less than a minute.
"The findings suggest that the way space is represented in the fish brain and the methods it uses may be as successful in a land environment as they are in an underwater one," the study concludes. But still, scientists say more research is needed to extend these findings to more complex scenery, like open land environments.
1.What did the researchers intend to study about the goldfish？
A.Their potential to evolve in the tank. B.Their adaptability to a new environment.
C.Their ability to find their way on land. D.Their competence in doing complex tasks.
2.What does a feed serve as in the experiment？
A.A guide. B.A motivator. C.A distraction. D.A punishment.
3.What could the fish do according to Paragraph 6？
A.Reach new locations. B.Fool their companions.
C.Distinguish different colors. D.Understand simple language.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A.FOV help fish explore the land. B.Robots conduct fish experiments.
C.Goldfish fit into new environment. D.Scientists Train Goldfish to Navigate.
6.    If you were to throw, say, a banana peel out of your car while driving along the motorway, that would be a completely harmless action, due to the fact that it's part of a fruit—right? Actually, no. A banana peel can take up to two years to biodegrade(生物降解), and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, that's a whole lot of thrown-away banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel and a cigarette butt have a similar biodegrading term to that of a banana, but tin or aluminum cans last up to 100 years; and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles, Styrofoam cups and plastic bags.
    Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can't only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown away in the UK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UK's rat population to increase by 60 million. This suddenly isn't so mysterious when you consider that since the 1960s our annual littering has increased by an astonishing 500 percent.
    It's not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers shelve out £500 million in order to keep our streets clean, and when you include our green spaces, that goes up to £1 billion. So, it's not surprising that if caught fly-tipping you could face a £20,000 fine or even jail time and, if you disposed of something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve.
    To take back our beautiful countryside and cities we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish where it ought not to be. We need a pride makeover. We need to truly care more about the world around us.
1.Which of the following have the longest biodegrading term?
A.Cigarette butts. B.Glass bottles.
C.Orange peels. D.Aluminum cans.
2.What does the underlined word "severity" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Seriousness. B.Effect. C.Variety. D.Quantity.
3.How is Paragraph 3 developed?
A.By providing statistics. B.By drawing comparison.
C.By making a summary. D.By explaining a concept.
4.Where is the text most likely from?
A.A research paper. B.A medical journal.
C.A science magazine. D.A financial newspaper.
7.    When Thomas Panek lost his eyesight more than 25 years ago, the avid runner doubted he would ever pursue his lifelong passion again.
Indeed, although Panek had been crazy about running since high school, the idea of running blind seemed altogether too challenging. But he did manage to keep his dream alive—with help from human guides who assisted him on each run.
    Even so, the real joy of the run—the thrill of independence that comes from conquering a course on your own terms—eluded(躲避) him. "When you're tied to another person, it's no longer your own race," the 48-year-old said. "The independence isn't quite there."
    Then Panek found a friend—indeed, man's best friend—who would help him achieve that sense of purpose. He started running with a guide dog named Gus. Not only did Panek rediscover his love for running, but, along the way, he founded Guiding Eyes for the Blind, an organization dedicated to providing service dogs for the visually disabled.
    On March 16, Gus glided across the finish line with his human at the New York City Half Marathon. At that moment, they both breezed into the history books. Panek, who finished the course in a little more than two hours and 20 minutes, became the first blind runner to complete the race led by dogs.
    Brandishing their respective medals, Panek and Gus—who would retire after the race—shared a breathless embrace. "It's a little emotional for me because he's been there with me the whole time," Panek said.
    But Panek was quick to point out that it wasn't just Gus who provided the wind beneath his running shoes. In all, three guide dogs helped him see his way to the finish line. Siblings Westley and Waffle picked up the early legs of the course, each running between five and eight kilometers of the 21-kilometer race.
    With retirement looming, it would be the faithful yellow lab's last race. But for Panek, the road ahead remains long and bright—not only for him, but for anyone with a disability who still hopes to run down a dream.
1.When did Thomas become blind?
A.When he was about 23. B.When he was 25 years old.
C.When he was in high school. D.When he was 48 years old.
2.Why did Panek get himself the guide dog Gus?
A.Because he didn't want to have another person with him.
B.Because he wanted to found Guiding Eyes for the Blind.
C.Because he wanted to help those with visual disability.
D.Because he wanted to enjoy the delight of running independently.
3.What do we learn about the dog Gus from the passage?
A.It was the first dog to lead a blind runner at the Half Marathon.
B.It ran the whole course of the New York City Half Marathon.
C.It ran about eight kilometers with Thomas Panek at the race.
D.It wouldn't be working as a guide dog to Thomas Panek any more.
4.Which of the following best shows Thomas's qualities as a runner?
A.Independent and caring. B.Passionate and persistent.
C.Crazy and emotional. D.Kind and helpful.
8.Electric vehicles are close to the "turning point" of rapid mass adoption thanks to the decreasing cost of batteries, experts say.
Global sales of electric vehicles rose 43% in 2020, but even faster growth is expected when continuing falls in battery prices result in the price of electric cars under the same petrol and diesel (柴油)models, which may happen between 2023 and 2025. According to a study by Prof Tim Lonton, at the University of Exeter, the turning point has already been passed in Norway, where tax breaks(税收减免) mean electric cars arc cheaper and the market share of battery-powered cars increased to 54% in 2020 in Norway, compared with less than 5% in most European nations.
The falls in battery prices in the last decade have been dramatic and faster than predicted thanks to a massive production and cuts in costs, such as reducing the amount of expensive cobalt (钻)required. BloombergNEF's analysis predicts lithium-ion(锂离子) battery costs will fall so sharply that electric cars can match the price of petrol and diesel cars by 2023. McKin-sey's Global Energy Perspective 2021, published on 15 January, forecasts that "electric vehicles are likely to become the most economic choice in the next five years worldwide".
Electric cars, vital in efforts to fight climate crisis, are quieter and start to go faster, so people do not want to return to a petrol or diesel vehicle once they have one. A survey of 2,000 electric car owners found 91 % said they did not want to go back.
"The survey shows the strong and lasting impact of switching to a clean car. The evidence in favour of electric vehicles grows more convincing even in a year as destructive as 2020," said Melanie Shufflebotham, at Zap-Map, which maps charging points.
1.What leads to the growing sales of electric vehicles?
A.The rise in petrol prices.
B.The desire for a lower tax.
C.The drop in battery costs.
D.The need for a cleaner life.
2.What can we infer from paragraph 2?
A.Policies in Norway support electric vehicles.
B.Economy in Norway outgrows other nations.
C.The market share of electric vehicles will decline.
D.The tax breaks in Europe will continue to increase.
3.How will electric vehicles equal fuel vehicles in price?
A.By increasing the demand for cobalt.
B.By boosting the sales of electric cars.
C.By reducing the production of batteries.
D.By cutting the costs of lithium-ion batteries.
4.What is the attitude of people surveyed towards electric cars?
A.Tolerant. B.Positive. C.Unwilling. D.Opposed.




答案以及解析
1.答案：1-3 BCA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据The British Library 部分中的digitize the globes…the British Library's vast map collection…可知,最能吸引地理爱好者的应该是大英图书馆。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据Art UK部分中的Art UK is a charity和for enjoyment, learning可知,"英国艺术"是一个供人们学习艺术的慈善机构,而其他三个选项的内容在该部分中都未提及。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第一段及各部分小标题可知,本文主要介绍了四家利用数字平台分享藏品和故事,以继续和公众保持联系的博物馆和美术馆。故选A。
2.答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Vienna is a hotbed of history, home to such great sites such as the Hofburg, Schonbrunn Palace and Gardens, and St. Stephen's Cathedral.(维也纳是历史的发源地,有霍夫堡、美泉宫和花园、圣斯蒂芬大教堂等伟大景点。)"可知,维也纳历史悠久,因此它的观光以历史为特色。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段 "Bear in mind that Prague (being that it is in Central Europe) will be far less pricey than Vienna. (请记住,布拉格(因为它位于中欧)将比维也纳便宜得多。)"可知,在布拉格食物的价格比维也纳更低。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句"If you've got a European vacation planned, but your limited time or budget can only allow you to explore one of these amazing cities, it may not be an easy decision to make, since each of them may own some unique or outstanding features.(如果你计划去欧洲度假,但你有限的时间或预算只能让你去游览这些神奇的城市之一,这可能不是一个容易的决定,因为每个城市可能都有一些独特的或突出的特点。)"和每个小标题可知,本文是从景点、购物、食物和文化这四个方面比较这两个城市。故选A。
3.答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句"Like fine food ,good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. (就像美食一样,好的写作是-种让我们从第一口品尝到最后一口享受的乐趣) "可知,作者把好的写作与美食相比,因为两者都是令人愉快的。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段"There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from.(有几位经理很幸运能够得到这种稀有秘书的服务,秘书们可以处理各种各样的信函,而只需要一个简短的便条即可) "可知,有些经理不需要写信,因为他们有出色的秘书。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段"What is more,everyone who writes expects ,or at least hopes whatever he writes will be read, from first word to last,not just thrown into some "letters- to-be-read" files or into a wastepaper basket. ( 更重要的是,每个作家都希望,或者至少希望他写的东西能被人从头读到尾,而不是被扔进"待读信"文件或废纸篓里) "可推知,如果你的信件被放入"待读信"文件,这就意味着你的信件可能被人忽视了。故选C。
4.写作意图题。根据第-段文字描述可知,作者用了比喻,把好文章比喻成美味的食品,再根据第二段"You may be sure that the more pains taking the effort ,the more effective the writing ,and the more rewarding. (你可以肯定的是,你付出的努力越多,你的写作效果就越好,回报也就越多)"和下面几段进行了举例说明,由此可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是解释写作的重要性,并说服我们要去练好写作。故选A。
4.答案：1-4 BADA
解析：1.细节理解题。题干问神经学科学家发现了什么，根据第二段末句The researchers suggest that...occasionally falling out of sync might be even better."研究者们提出……偶尔的不同步或许会更好"，与B项意思一致。故选B。
2.细节理解题。题干问shared attention共同注意力何时达到顶峰，根据第四段的长句子In the new study, which measured pupil dilation during unstructured 10-minute conversations, the researchers found that the initial moment of eye contact — rather than a continuing period of locked stares - marks a peak in shared attention."在新研究中，通过测量在十分钟无结构式谈话中双方的瞳孔扩张，研究者们发现，不是长时间的持续对视，而是目光接触的初始时刻，显示了共同注意力的顶峰"，由此可知，注意力在A项"在目光接触开始时"达到顶峰。故选A。
3.细节理解题。题干问Wohltjen对于breaking synchrony"打破同步"的看法，根据倒数第二段引号里的长句子Perhaps what this is doing is allowing us to break synchrony and move back into our own heads so that we can bring forth new and individual contributions to keep the conversation going."或许这(暂停目光交流)的作用是让我们打破思维的同频并回到自己的思考中，这样我们就能产生新的个人贡献，由此推进交谈"，此处的contribution"贡献"，指的应该是谈话中个人产生的新的"观点、想法"等，由此可知D项adds fresh thoughts to the conversation"为对话增添新的想法"是合理的。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。题干问最后一段主要谈论研究的哪一方面，根据第一句中的be relevant to"对……有价值、有意义的"和第二句中的also help"也有助于……"可知，本段讲的是研究的意义，即significance。故选A。
5.答案：1-4 CBCD
解析：1.细节理解题。题干问，对于金鱼，研究者们想要研究什么?根据第二段最后一行in an effort to explore whether their species is capable of navigating on land 可知， 他们想研究金鱼在陆地上的导航能力。故选C。
2.推理判断题。题干问鱼饲料是实验中起什么作用,根据第五段The fish were rewarded with a feed when the vehicle touched the target"每当机器车到达目的地，鱼就能获得一次喂食"，且后文也提到这样的训练使金鱼到达目的点的速度大大提高，由此可知饲料的意义在于激励金鱼导航到目的地，是motivator,"激励物"。故选B。
3.推理判断题。第六段第二句提到,they weren't fooled by fake targets of other colors"金鱼不会被其它颜色伪装的目标愚弄"，可推测，金鱼能识别不同的颜色。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。第二段的最后一句是全文中心，文章主要讲了科学家成功引导金鱼操作载水缸的机器车，测试其陆上导航能力的实验，D项中四个实词均是文章关键词，而A项FOV help fish，B项Robots conduct, C项Goldfish fit into等词都不合理。故选D。
6.答案：1-4 BAAC
解析： 1.细节理解题。根据第一段中"An orange peel and a cigarette butt have a similar biodegrading term to that of a banana, but tin or aluminum cans last up to 100 years; and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles, Styrofoam cups and plastic bags.(橙子皮和烟蒂都有类似于香蕉的生物降解能力,但锡罐和铝罐的生物降解能力可以长达100年; 塑料瓶、玻璃瓶、泡沫塑料杯和塑料袋都可以永久保存)"可知,玻璃瓶的生物降解期限最长。故选B。
2.词义猜测题。根据第二段中"For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown away in the UK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UK's rat population to increase by 60 million. This suddenly isn't so mysterious when you consider that since the 1960s our annual littering has increased by an astonishing 500 percent.(例如,尽管生物降解时间相当短,但英国每天仍有120多吨与香烟有关的垃圾被扔掉。同样,我们经常随地乱扔垃圾导致英国的老鼠数量增加了6000万。自从20世纪60年代以来,我们每年的垃圾数量增长了惊人的500%,这突然就不那么神秘了)", 画线词上文"Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can't only measure"以及后文"of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime"可知,后文提到人们产生的垃圾数量众多,说明尽管更持久的材料会对环境和动物造成更持久的破坏,但我们不能只通过寿命来衡量某种垃圾的严重性。故画线间意思是"严重性"。A.Seriousness严重性; B.Effect影响; C.Variety多样; D.Quantity数量,故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段"It's not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers shelve out £500 million in order to keep our streets clean, and when you include our green spaces, that goes up to £1 billion. So, it's not surprising that if caught fly-tipping you could face a £20,000 fine or even jail time and, if you disposed of something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve.(这也不是一个便宜的习惯:英国的纳税人拿出5亿英镑来保持我们的街道清洁,如果包括我们的绿地,这个数字会上升到10亿英镑。因此,如果被抓到乱扔垃圾,你可能会面临2万英镑的罚款,甚至坐牢,如果你处理了危险的东西,法院可能会给你五年的时间,这并不奇怪)"可推知,第3段通过提供统计数字而展开的。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段中"An orange peel and a cigarette butt have a similar biodegrading term to that of a banana, but tin or aluminum cans last up to 100 years; and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles, Styrofoam cups and plastic bags.(橙子皮和烟蒂都有类似于香蕉的生物降解能力,但锡罐和铝罐的生物降解能力可以长达100年;塑料瓶、玻璃瓶、泡沫塑料杯和塑料袋都可以永久保存)"以及第二段中"Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can't only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown away in the UK every day.(尽管更持久的材料会对环境和动物造成更持久的破坏,但我们不能只通过寿命来衡量某种垃圾的严重程度。例如,尽管生物降解时间相当短,但英国每天仍有120多吨与香烟有关的垃圾被扔掉)"结合文章主要说明了不同的垃圾,其生物降解能力不同,但我们也不能只通过寿命来衡量某种垃圾的严重程度,可推知,文章最可能选自科学杂志。故选C。
7.答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容" 'When you're tied to another person, it's no longer your own race,' the 48-year-old said."当你和另一个人拴在一起时 ,就不再是你自己的比赛了, "48岁的他说。)"可知,托马斯潘尼克现在48岁,而文章第一段内容"When Thomas Panek lost his eyesight more than 25 years a...(当托马斯潘尼克25年前失去视力时...提及失明是大约25年前发生的,) " 由此可推知, 48-25=23 ,应是大约23岁时失明的。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容"Then Panek found a friend—indeed, man's best friend—who would help him achieve that sense of purpose. He started running with a guide dog named Gus.(后来,潘尼克找到了一个朋友一事实上, 人类最好的朋友可以帮助他实现目标感。他开始和一只叫格斯的导盲犬一起跑步。)"可知,他寻找导盲犬格斯是为了实现自己的目标感,而目标感应是文章第三段内容"Even so, the real joy of the run—the thrill of independence that comes from conquering a course on your own terms- eluded him.(即便如此,跑步的真正乐趣一以自己的方式征服一项比赛所带来的独立的兴奋感一是他无法体会的。)"提及的"以自己的方式征服一项比赛所带来的独立的兴奋感"。 故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第六段内容"Brandishing their respective medals, Panek and Gus—who would retire after the race—shared a breathless embrace.(帕内克和格斯挥舞着各自的奖牌,他将在比赛结束后退役,两个屏住呼吸拥抱在一起。)"可知,这次半程马拉松比赛结束后,格斯就要退役了,且文章最后一段内容提及"With retirement looming, it would be the faithful yellow lab's last race.(随着退休的临近,这将是忠实的黄色拉布拉多的最后一场比赛。)" 该句中的"黄色拉布拉多应是指格斯由此可推知,它再也不能作为托马斯潘尼克的导育犬了。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容"Indeed, although Panek had been crazy about running since high school, the idea of running blind seemed altogether too challenging. But he did manage to keep his dream alive- with help from human guides who assisted him on each run.(事实上,尽管潘尼克从高中开始就疯狂地跑步,但盲人跑步的想法似乎太有挑战性了。但在人类向导的帮助下,他的梦想得以实现。)"可知,潘尼克对跑步充满热情,即使失明了,也没有放弃,而是在人类向导和导盲犬的帮助下去完成自己的追求,由此可推知,他是一个有热情而又坚持不懈的人。A.Independent and caring独立和关心他人的; B.Passionate and persistent.热情和执着的; C.Crazy and emotional疯狂和情绪化的;D.Kind and helpful善良,乐于助人的。故选B。
8.答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.题干:是什么导致了电动汽车销量的增长? A 汽油价格的上涨;B 降低税收的愿望;C 电池成本的下降;D 对清洁生活的需要。根据文章第一段的第一行"Electric vehicles are close to the "turning point" of rapid mass adoption thanks to the decreasing cost of batteries, experts say.(专家表示,由于电池成本的下降,电动汽车正接近快速大规模普及的"转折点")",可知电动汽车销量增长的原因是电池成本的下降。故选C。
2.题干:从第二段我们可以推断出什么? A 挪威的政策支持电动汽车;B 挪威的经济增长超过了其他国家;C 电动汽车的市场份额将会下降;D 欧洲的税收优惠将继续增加。根据文章第二段的第三行"According to a study...in most European nations.(根据埃克塞特大学Tim Lonton教授的一项研究, 转折点已经在挪威发生过,减税意味着当地的电动汽车便宜, 电池驱动的汽车的市场份额在挪威增加到2020年的54%, 相比之下, 在大多数欧洲国家不到5%)",可知挪威的减税政策使得电动汽车的市场份额不断增加,即挪威的政策支持电动汽车。故选A。
3.题干:电动汽车如何在价格上与燃油汽车持平? A 通过增加钴的需求;B 通过促进电动汽车的销售;C 通过减少电池的生产;D 通过削减锂离子电池的成本。根据第三段的第一行"The falls in battery prices...match the price of petrol and diesel cars by 2023.(由于大规模生产和成本削减, 如降低昂贵的钴需求量,过去10年电池价格的下跌幅度和速度超出了预期。Bloomberg NEF的分析预测,锂离子电池的成本将大幅下降,到2023年,电动汽车的价格将赶上汽油和柴油汽车)",可知降低对钴的需求使电池的价格降低,而锂离子电池成本的降低会使得电动汽车在价格上与燃油汽车持平。故选D。
4.题干:被调查者对电动汽车的态度是什么?A 宽容的;B 积极的;C 不愿意的;D 反对的。根据第四段的第一行"Electric cars, vital in efforts...found 91% said they did not want to go back.(对于应对气候危机至关重要的电动汽车变得更加安静,行驶速度也开始加快,因此人们在拥有汽油车或柴油车后,就不想再回到原来的道路上了。一项针对2000名电动汽车车主的调查发现,91%的车主说他们不想回去)",可知被调查者对电动汽车是持积极态度。故选B。