2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句和名词性从句综合训练（A卷）作业含答案

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句和名词性从句综合训练（A卷）作业含答案，共8页。试卷主要包含了填空，阅读理解，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题八 定语从句和名词性从句综合训练（A卷）一、填空1.He refused to tell us the reason  _________  he was against the plan.2.Do you believe the reason  _________  he gave for his spending so much money in a week?3.And naturally in the days  _________  boats were the most important means of transport, canals were the easiest means of reaching a place.4.The little problems  _________  we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.5.There is usually an interval between the first half and the second half  _________  the coach will tell his players how to play well.6.It is important to fix anything  _________  might affect your home's heating performance, such as badly fitting windows or damp walls.7.Alice is an editor of a social program, in  _________  she photographs many of the interesting people she meets, sharing their life stories at the same time.8.Many lessons are now available online, from  _________  students can choose for free.9.Dr. Rowan,  _________secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.10.When you get stressed, one of the first things  _________  happen is that blood pressure rises.11.Just like some Europeans celebrate Spring Festival nowadays, it's no wonder  __________  Chinese celebrate Christmas.12.__________  commits a crime can never escape from being punished.13.__________  of you fulfills your duties will be respected.14.Our English teacher made it a rule  __________  we greet each other in English every morning.15.Therefore, our tobacco seller, Mr. Johnson, always asks his customers, if they are very young,  __________  the cigarettes are bought for.16.All of us have already known  __________  she will choose is the opportunity to go abroad.17.Many experts believe that teachers' development is  _________  the key to better education lies.18.The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is  __________  he has a flexible attitude.19.What his parents really doubt is  __________  he will devotes himself to his study as a college student.20.There is no solid evidence  ____________  people can control their dreams, at least in a lab.二、阅读理解Are you diligently exercising but seeing no result around your midsection(上腹部)?It's not just you. Two new studies may explain why many people who begin exercise programs often lose little to no weight in the long run.In the first study, published in the online science journal PLoS One, researchers compared the daily energy consumption of Westerners and the Hadza, a population of hunter-gatherers living in northern Tanzania. Many believe modern Westerners burn fewer calories than in the past because their lives have become more sedentary(久坐的). The Hadza, who are generally very thin, hunt and look for food without modern tools such as vehicles or guns. Men walk about seven miles each day, while women walk about half that.What was surprising was that although the Hadza seem to be more active, the researchers found little difference in calories burned between the Hadza and the Westerners.The second study, published in Obesity Reviews, analyzed the effect of exercise interventions on body composition. The researchers found that-contrary to popular belief-when people exercise but keep their energy intake constant, their resting metabolic(新陈代谢的)rate actually goes down. Exercises who ate more calories than they usually do did burn more fat than predicted, but some overate and negated the effects of their hard work.These studies suggest two things: exercise programs may not lead to as much calories burn as you would think, and many people start eating more when they exercise, and they may eat too much.Bottom line, if you start exercising to lose weight, you won't succeed with the mentality of "I can eat anything because I'll burn it off later." You will have better results if you choose a healthy diet of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, lean proteins and healthy fats while exercising. Although these two studies show that diet may be more important than exercise for weight loss, don't discount the other benefits of exercise, including decreased stress and anxiety, improved mood and reduced risk of cardiovascular (心血管的)disease, diabetes and some cancers.1. What dose the two studies show in common?
A. Exercises are of great benefit. B. Exercises make people eat too much.
C. Dieting may be not so helpful for weight loss.
D. Exercises do not necessarily lead to weight loss.
2. What does the underlined word negated" mean?
A. Improved. B. Doubled. C. Denied.  D. Aroused.
3. The text is most likely to be found in ______.
A. a science magazine  B. a book review C. a health guideline  D. a news report三、语法填空Do you want to learn a foreign language? Choose one of the most ①________(use) languages suggested below to learn.In most countries all over the world, English is the most widely used second language. Whether a person is traveling to a foreign country or communicating ②________ people from other ③________ (country) for business purposes, English is one language which will come in handy at every step.Spanish is the language of business in about twenty countries. There are many jobs in the United States as well as in many other countries, which specially ask for people ④________ know how to speak and write Spanish.The Chinese economy is booming! In the future, China ⑤________ (become) the economic world leader, which makes ⑥________ the perfect time to learn Mandarin Chinese, a language ⑦________ (speak) by millions of people.French ⑧________ (recognize) as one of the top languages to learn, ⑨________ (simple) because it is a chief language in northern and western Africa. Anyone trying to understand European history can benefit a lot from ​⑩________ (learn) this language.

 

答案以及解析一、填空1.答案：why解析：在限制性定语从句中若先行词是reason，且关系词在限制性定语从句中作状语时，要用why引导从句。2.答案：that/which解析：此处为限制性定语从句,先行词为the reason,关系词在从句中作宾语,故填that/which。3.答案：when解析：句意:当然,在船是最重要的交通工具的时代,运河是到一个地方最简单的方式。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词days,指时间。关系词在从句中作状语,故用关系副词when。4.答案：that/which解析：句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感之源。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词problems，在从句中作宾语，故填入that或which。5.答案：when解析：句意：在上半场和下半场之间通常会有一段时间，这时教练会告诉他的球员如何发挥出色。" ________  the coach will tell his players how to play well"是定语从句，修饰先行词interval （时间间隔）。空格处在从句中作时间状语，故用when。6.答案：that解析：句意：修复任何可能影响你家供暖性能的东西是很重要的，比如不合适的窗户或者潮湿的墙壁。空格处引导定语从句，修饰不定代词anything，在从句中作主语，故宜用that。7.答案：which解析：句意: Alice是一个社会节目的编辑,在这个节目中她拍摄了很多她遇到的有趣的人,同时分享他们的生活故事。此处为非限制性定语从句,关系词指代先行词program,并在定语从句中作介词in的宾语,故用which。8.答案：which
解析：句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Many lessons，指物，关系词在从句中作介词from的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。9.答案：whose
解析： 句意：罗恩博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己做所有的打字工作。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Dr. Rowan，关系词在从句中作定语，表示"Dr. Rowan's"，应用关系代词whose。10.答案：that解析： 定语从句修饰先行词things，关系词在定语从句中作主语。因为先行词被序数词first修饰，故宜用that引导。11.答案：that解析：考查主语从句。句意为:就像现在一些欧洲人庆祝春节一样,中国人庆祝圣诞节也不足为奇。分析句子结构可知,it作形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语。故填that。12.答案：Whoever解析：考查主语从句。句意为:无论谁犯罪都永远逃脱不了惩罚。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导主语从句,且引导词在从句中作主语;根据句意可知,此处应用whoever引导该从句,意为"无论谁"。故填Whoever。注意首字母大写。13.答案：Whichever解析：考查主语从句。句意为:无论你们哪个完成任务都将会受到尊敬。分析句子结构可知, will前面是主语从句;根据"of you"可知,此处是指在一定范围内进行选择,应用whichever引导该从句,意为"无论哪个"。故填Whichever。注意首字母大写。14.答案：that解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:我们的英语老师规定我们每天早晨用英语互相问候。分析句子结构可知,it作形式宾语,空格处引导的从句是真正的宾语;该从句句意完整,不缺成分,应用that引导该从句。故填that。15.答案：whom解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:因此,我们的烟草销售商Johnson先生总是询问他年轻的顾客们,这些香烟是为谁买的。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,引导词在从句中作"for"的宾语,指人,故应用whom引导该从句。故填whom。16.答案：what解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:我们都已经知道,她将选择的是出国的机会。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,空格处在从句中作动词"choose"的宾语,应用what引导该从句。故填what。17.答案：where解析：考查表语从句。句意为:许多专家认为教师的发展是更好的教育的关键所在。空格处引导表语从句,lie是不及物动词,因此空格处在从句中作地点状语。故填where。18.答案：that解析：考查表语从句。句意为:他很快适应新情况的原因是他有一个灵活多变的态度。分析句子结构可知,本句为表语从句,句意完整,且从句中不缺成分,应用that引导该从句。故填that。19.答案：whether解析：考查表语从句。句意为:他的父母真正怀疑的是,作为一名大学生,他是否会全身心地投入到学业中去。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导表语从句;根据句意可知,此处应用whether引导该从句,意为"是否"。故填whether。20.答案：that解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,空后句子是对evidence的解释说明,且句子中不缺任何成分,故用that引导同位语从句。二、阅读理解答案：1-3 DCA解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第一段"Two new studies may explain why many people who begin exercise programs often lose little to no weight in the long run."（两项新的研究也许可以解释为什么许多人开始运动项目后，从长远来看体重几乎没有下降。）可见两项研究都表明，运动不一定会掉重。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。 根据"and"前的词"overate"(过度摄入食物） 和下一段"These studies suggest two things: exercise programs may not lead to as much calories bum as you would think, and many people start eating more when they exercise, and they may eat too much."（这些研究表明了两件事：运动项目可能不会像你想象的那样燃烧那么多的卡路里，许多人在运动时开始吃得更多，他们可能会吃得太多。）可知，这种行为肯定会破坏自己的运动努力。根据选项，负向的动词否定（denied），故选C。
3.推理判断题。 根据第二段"In the first study, published in the online science journal"(第一项研究发表在在线科学期刊)和后面一段"These studies suggest two things: exercise programs may not lead to as much calories burn as you would think, and many people start eating more when they exercise, and they may eat too much."（这些研究表明了两件事：运动项目可能不会像你想象的那样燃烧那么多的卡路里，许多人在运动时开始吃得更多，他们可能会吃得太多。）可知，讲述了科学期刊的研究结果和对这些科学研究的分析，一定是在科学杂志中，故选择A。三、语法填空答案：1. useful2. with3. countries4. who/that5. will become6. it7. spoken8. is recognized9. simply10. learning
解析： 本文是一篇说明文。作者为想要学习外语的人介绍并且推荐了几种语言。1.考查形容词。句意:选择下面建议的最有用的语言之一来学习。该空修饰名词 languages,应用形容词,故填useful。2.考查介词。句意:无论一个人是去外国旅游,还是出于商业目的,和其他国家的人交流,英语是迟早会派上用处的一门语言。communicate with sb.意为"与某人交流",是固定搭配,故填with。3.考查名词的数。句意同上。country是可数名词,前面有other修饰,故用名词复数,所以填countries。4.考查定语从句关系词。句意:美国和许多其他国家都有许多工作岗位,特别需要会说西班牙语和写西班牙语的人。本句为定语从句修饰先行词people,且关系词在从句中作主语,指人,应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。5.考查动词时态。句意:在未来,中国将成为世界经济的领导者,这使之成为学习汉语普通话的最佳时机,汉语普通话是数百万人使用的语言。根据时间状语 In the future可判断出设空处指发生在将来的事情,用一般将来时,故填will become。6.考查it作形式宾语。句意同上。make后面跟it作形式宾语,不定式to learn Mandarin Chinese是真正的宾语,故填it。7.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知speak在句中做非谓语动词,且a language与speak之间是被动关系,所以设空处用过去分词作定语,故填spoken。8.考查动词时态语态。句意:法语被认为是最好的语言之一,因为它是北非和西非的主要语言。分析时态可知,此处介绍的是一般事实,应用一般现在时,又因French和recognize之间是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为French,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is recognized。9.考查副词。句意同上。该空修饰because引导的整个句子,用副词,故填simply。10.考查非谓语动词。句意:任何试图了解欧洲历史的人都能从学习这种语言中获益良多。from是一个介词,后面接-ing形式作宾语,故填learning。