2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句和名词性从句综合训练（B卷）作业含答案

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句和名词性从句综合训练（B卷）作业含答案，共8页。试卷主要包含了填空，阅读理解，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题八 定语从句和名词性从句综合训练（B卷）一、填空1.I can never forget the days  ________  we worked together in Medical teams in Africa.2.Giving is a universal opportunity  ________  regardless of your age, profession, religion, and background, you have the capacity to create change.3.He introduced to me a girl  ________  pronunciation was the best in the class.4.Those  ________   have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.5.The most important thing  _________  parents can teach their children is how to get along without them.6._________  is often the case, the girl forgot to bring her dictionary.7.Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by  _________  you are sure to make great progress.8.He's a very good actor,  _________  a lot of comedians are not, and he's a good director and a good writer as well.9.Bill Gates, for  _________  money isn't a problem, still lives a very simple life now.10.Next month she is going to live in Beijing, _____ she has some close friends.11._____ impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams.12._____ I finished doing the homework in such a short time surprised them all.13._____ annoyed your father was not what you said, but the way you said it.14.I believe that where there is a will there is a way, and  __________  success belongs to those who make constant efforts.15.Please tell me  __________  the weather is like in your country this time of year.16.She is very dear to us. We have prepared to do  __________  it takes to save her life.17.I don't know the latest news. That's _____ I have been preparing a report all day.18.The truth was _____ the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.19.Information has been put forward ______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.20.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief  __________  you are better than anyone else on the sports field.二、阅读理解In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his book a mysterious set of symptoms he was noticing among artists: "Of the many painters I have known, almost all I found unhealthy ... If we search for the cause of the extremely thin and colorless appearance of the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are so often victims of, we should look no further than the harmful nature of the paint."He was one of the first to make the connection between paint and artists' health, but it would take centuries for painters to switch to less-harmful materials, even as medicine gradually found some clues to the painters' health problems.The 1834 London Medical and Surgical Journal describes sharp stomach pains occurring in patients with no other evidence of intestinal(肠的)disease, thus leading the authors to suspect that this "painter's stomachache" was a "nervous affection" of the intestine that occurs when lead "is absorbed into the system".Paints weren't the only source of saturnism(铅中毒)in past centuries, though. Through the 1500s, lead was widely used in wine to make the wine tastes sweeter. Occasionally, lead was even used as a medicine. In the Middle Ages, lead could be found in makeup.Though many kinds of people fell victim to saturnism, the disease was perhaps most widespread among those who worked with paint. The symptoms of this "stomachache" ranged, but they often included a pale face, tooth loss, fatigue, painful stomach aches, and so on. In fact, the illness that many famous artists experienced didn't just prompt their gloomy works.Lead poisoning among historical figures is difficult to prove, in part because the condition was not known or recognized in most of their lifetimes. We can't know whether the madness, depression, and illnesses many Renaissance masters experienced can be attributed to their paint or just their physiologies(生理机能).
1. In his book, Bernardinus Ramazzini described the following symptoms of many painters except ______.
A. being extremely thin  B. depressed feelings
C. being always inactive  D. pale appearance
2. What can we know about Bernardinus Ramazzini?
A. He was an Italian physicist.  B. He invented less-harmful materials.
C. He made artists stop using paints. D. He thought paints do harm to health.
3. When may be the connection between paint and artists' health first established?
A. In the 16th century.  B. In the 18th century.
C. In the 19th century.  D. In the 20th century.  
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Lead was widely used throughout history in daily life.
B. Saturnism in past centuries came from various sources.
C. All the artists are unhealthy for they use harmful paints.
D. Typical symptoms of artists' disease may be connected to paints.三、语法填空It is with a very heavy heart that we are sharing the news of the passing of Dr. Alfonso (Rick) Radcliffe, who celebrated his 92nd birthday in October. He died ①________(peaceful) at his home on the evening of Friday. Rick is survived ②________ his son and daughter-in-law. Rick was born in St. Louis, 1928. He ③________ (accept) in the Physics program at UCLA at 15 years old but delayed ④________ (study) to serve in the army. When he was released one year later, Rick returned to UCLA, completing his BS, MS and Doctorate degree. ⑤________ (arm) with a PhD in Control Systems, Rick went to work at Mattel Toys as a Test Engineer, ⑥________ he creatively designed a musical doll. Rick was later hired to serve as Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering for the new minority engineering program at CSUN, becoming the ⑦________ (one) black Dean of Engineering in the entire CSU system. Among his many ground breaking ⑧________ (accomplish), Rick was responsible for hiring ⑨________ women into CSUN's engineering program than all of the other CSU schools combined. Rick worked at CSUN for 30 years including 10 years of post-retirement project work. In keeping with his investigative mind set, Rick donated his body to UCLA for ⑩________ (science) research.

 

答案以及解析一、填空1.答案：when解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我永远不会忘记我们在非洲医疗队共事的那些日子。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"days",表示时间,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,应用when引导该从句。故填when。2.答案：where解析：考查定语从句。句意为：给予是一种普遍的机会，不管你的年龄、职业、宗教和背景如何，你都有能力创造改变。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是"a universal opportunity"，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导该从句。故填where。3.答案：whose解析：考查定语从句。句意为:他向我介绍了班上发音最好的女孩。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"girl",关系词在从句中作"pronunciation"的定语,与pronunciation之间是所属关系,应用whose引导该从句。故填whose。4.答案：who/that解析：考查定语从句。句意为:那些热爱攀登险峻的高山的人经常被用惊奇的(眼光)看待。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"Those",指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用who/that引导该从句。故填who/that。5.答案：that解析：考查定语从句。句意为:父母能够教给孩子的最重要的事就是(让孩子学会)没有他们如何生活。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"thing",指物,且关系词在从句中作teach的宾语。当先行词前有最高级修饰时,只能用that引导该从句。故填that。6.答案：As解析：考查定语从句。句意为:这个女孩忘记带她的字典,这是常有的事。as is often the case是固定短语,意为"情况常常如此,这是常有的事,通常就是这样"。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是逗号后的整个句子,关系词在从句中作主语,意为"正如",应用as引导该从句。先行词位于句首时只能用as,不能用which,故填As。注意首字母大写。7.答案：which解析：考查定语从句。句意为:对语言学习来说,听和说是非常重要的,通过听和说,你一定会取得巨大的进步。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"Speaking and listening",指物,且关系词在从句中作by的宾语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。8.答案：which解析：考查定语从句。句意为:他是一个非常好的演员,许多喜剧演员却不是(好演员),而且他也是一个好的导演和好的作家。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是"very good actor",指演员,且关系词在从句中作表语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。9.答案：whom解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Bill Cates，指人，且关系词在从句中作介词for的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导该从句。故填whom。10.答案：where
解析：句意为:下个月她将去北京居住,在那里她有一些好朋友。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词Beijing,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。11.答案：What
解析：句意: 袁隆平让人们印象最深刻的是他为实现梦想不断前进的能力。what引导主语从句, 并在从句中作主语。12.答案：That
解析：句意: 我在这么短的时间内完成家庭作业令他们都很吃惊。that引导主语从句, 无词义并且不作成分。13.答案：What
解析：句意为:惹恼你父亲的不是你说的话,而是你说话的方式。设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,意为"……的事情",故填What。14.答案：that解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:我相信有志者事竟成,成功属于那些不断努力的人。分析句子结构可知, believe后接两个并列的宾语从句,从句不缺任何成分,句意完整,应用that引导该从句; that无实义,只起连接作用。第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。故填that。15.答案：what解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:请告诉我你的国家每年这个时候的天气如何。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,空格处在从句中作"like"的宾语,故应用what引导该从句。故填what。16.答案：whatever解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:她是我们的心肝宝贝。我们已经准备好不惜一切代价去挽救她的生命。It takes sb. sth. to do sth.意为"某人花费……去做某事";分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,引导词在从句中作"takes"的宾语。根据句意可知,空格处表示"任何事物,一切事物",应用whatever引导该从句。故填whatever。17.答案：because
解析：句意: 我不清楚最新消息。那是因为我整天都在准备报告。because引导表语从句。18.答案：that
解析：句意: 事实是宽街水泵的水被废物污染了。设空处引导表语从句, 从句中成分完整所以考虑用从属连词, 又根据句意可知从句为The truth的具体内容, 所以用that。19.答案：that解析：考查同位语从句。同位语从句that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities解释名词information的内容。that在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,指起引导作用,也也没有任何意思。句意:更多的毕业生将会被大雪录取的信息已经被提出来了。故填that。20.答案：that
解析： belief后所跟的从句是对其内容进行具体的解释说明的，是同位语从句，从句不缺成分，意义完整，所以用that引导。that在同位语从句中只起链接作用，不作任何成分，也无意义，但不能省略二、阅读理解答案：1-4 CDBD解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第一段"the extremely thin and colorless appearance of the painters, as well as the sad feelings."(极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪）可知，艺术家没有的症状就是C选项。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段"we should look no further than the harmful nature of the paint."(我们应该进一步看到颜料的有害性质。）可知，在Bemardinus Ramazzini看来，颜料对健康是有害的。故选D。
3.细节理解题。 根据第一段"In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his book a mysterious set of symptoms he was noticing among artists."(在1713年，意大利内科医生Bernardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征.) 和第二段"He was one of the first to make the connection between paint and artists' health"(他是第一个认为颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的人。）可知，第一次发表颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的是在1713年，即18世纪。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。 根据第一段"If we search for the cause of the extremely thin and colorless appearance of the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are so often victims of, we should look no further than the harmful nature of the paint."(如果我们要寻找画家极其消瘦和苍白的面孔，以及悲伤的情绪，我们应该只关注绘画的有害性质）可知，这篇文章以意大利内科医生Bermardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征：极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪，得出结论：颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系。故选D。三、语法填空答案：1. peacefully2. by3. was accepted4. studying5. Armed6. where7. first8. accomplishments9. more10. scientific
解析：①考查副词。句意：周五晚上，他在家中平静地去世。空格处用副词 peacefully修饰动词died，故填 peacefully。②考查介词和固定短语。句意：里克身后留下了儿子和儿媳。由 his son and daughter-in-law可知，儿子和儿媳比里克活的时间长survive意为"比……活得久"，句子用被动语态，因此空格处是表示被动的by，故填by。③考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：15岁时，他被加州大学洛杉矶分校的物理学专业录取，但为了参军而推迟了学习。根据语境可知，他是被加州大学洛杉矶分校的物理学专业录取，且由at 5 years old可知，句子时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即 was/ were done，主语He是单数，因此空格处是 was accepted，故填 was accepted。④考查动名词。句意：15岁时，他被加州大学洛杉矶分校的物理学专业录取，但为了参军而推迟了学习。 delay doing，是固定短语，意为"推迟做某事"，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故填 studying。⑤考查过去分词。句意：拥有控制系统博士学位的里克在美泰玩具公司Mattel Toys担任测试工程师，在那里他创造性地设计了一个音乐娃娃。分析可知，句子谓语是went，空格处是非谓语形式，由固定短语 be armed with（装备有）可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，故填 Armed。⑥考查定语从句的引导词。句意：拥有控制系统博士学位的里克在美泰玩具公司 Mattel Toys担任测试工程师，在那里他创造性地设计了一个音乐娃娃。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词 Mattel Toys是地点，因此空格处用关系副词 where，故填 where。⑦考查序数词。句意：里克后来被聘为CSUN新成立的少数民族工程项目的电气工程副教授，成为整个CSU系统中第一位黑人工程系主任。the后跟序数词，one的序数词是first，意为"第一"，故填first。⑧考查名词的复数。句意：在他的许多开创性成就中，里克负责聘请更多的女性进入CSUN的工程项目，比所有其他CSU学校的总和还要多。 breaking是形容词，修饰名词， accomplish的名词是 accomplishment，意为"成就"，前面有many，空格处用复数，故填 accomplishments。⑨考查比较级。句意：在他的许多开创性成就中，里克负责聘请更多的女性进入CSUN的工程项目，比所有其他CSUN学校的总和还要多。由后面的than可知，空格处用比较级，根据语境可知，句子表示"里克负责聘请更多的女性进入CSUN的工程项目"，空格处是"更多的"，是more，故填more。⑩考查形容词。句意：为了保持他的调查思维，里克把他的尸体捐给了加州大学洛杉矶分校用于科学研究。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词 research, science的形容词是 scientific，意为"科学的"，故填 scientific。