2023届高考英语二轮复习天津高考英语阅读理解专项训练作业含答案

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习天津高考英语阅读理解专项训练作业含答案，共34页。
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Maths anxiety may be causing a national crisis, Cambridge University researchers have said, as they find that one in ten children suffer from anxiety at the subject.
Researchers surveyed 1,700 British pupils aged 8 to 13 about their feelings towards the subject. They found 10% of children suffered from maths anxiety. Other feelings caused by maths included fear and anger, while physical symptoms included a racing heart or struggling to catch breath.
“The project studied students’ attitudes towards maths because of what could be called a maths crisis in the UK,” researchers said. “Many children and adults experience feelings of anxiety, fear or discomfort when they face maths. This may be leading to a low level of maths in the country.” The number of adults with functional maths skills equal to a GCSE (英国普通中等教育证书) grade C has dropped from 26% in 2003 to only 22% in 2011, according to the survey. At the same time, only 57% of the children achieved the same level in functional maths skills.
Dr. Denes Szucs, a professor at Cambridge’s Centre for Neuroscience (神经科学) in Education said that there is a misunderstanding that only low performing children suffer from maths anxiety. “This is a common misunderstanding that we have seen in decision makers,” he said. “They assume people are anxious about maths because they are poor achievers.” In fact, more than 77% of children with high levels of maths anxiety are normal to high achievers. Dr Szucs went on, “Probably their maths anxiety will go unnoticed because their performance is good. But they are very worried and in the long term their performance is limited. This is a real danger here: these are children who are completely able to do maths at a normal level, but may keep away from it because they feel anxious.” The research also found that girls have higher levels of maths anxiety than boys.
John’s Hillman, director of education at the Nuffield Foundation said, “Mathematical achievement is valuable, as a foundation for many other subjects and as an important predictor of future academic learning, job hunting and even health. Maths anxiety can seriously influence students’ performance in both primary and secondary schools.”
1．What can we learn from the survey conducted by the Cambridge University researchers?
A．High performing children are safe from maths anxiety.
B．Adults suffer lower levels of maths anxiety than children.
C．Children with maths anxiety suffers both physically and mentally.
D．Girls’ bad performance leads to their high levels of maths anxiety.
2．Why did the researchers study students’ attitudes towards maths?
A．They want to help improve students’ academic performance.
B．Maths anxiety may cause great damage to children’s development.
C．They intend to correct people’s misunderstanding on maths anxiety.
D．The maths anxiety shared by people of all ages caused a national crisis.
3．How does the author prove there may be a national maths crisis in the UK in paragraph 3?
A．Presenting data. B．Listing reasons.
C．Giving definition. D．Providing examples.
4．In paragraph 4, Dr. Denes Szucs found that ________ .
A．boys suffered a higher level of maths anxiety than girls
B．maths anxiety of low performing children goes unnoticed
C．some of the high achievers also suffered from math anxiety
D．poor achievers might have physical problem in the long term
5．Which of the questions could probably be answered in the paragraph that follows?
A．What should be done to improve students’ performance in maths?
B．What can be done to make children comfortable with maths?
C．How does maths anxiety influence people’s health?
D．How can children acquire functional skills?

It was 1st January, the first day of the year and a holiday for me. I went to the bank to get the bank work out of the way. The bank clerk nodded and I sat in front of him. He was busy filling up entries in his register.
I put my form and booklet in front of him. After waiting for a few more minutes, in which I showed all signs of being impatient, I asked him if my work was done. He shouted, “Nothing is done, and it will take time!”
Just then I saw his morning cup of tea, which had been lying there for the last ten minutes, untouched. The tea had turned almost cold while he was doing his work. Suddenly I felt what this man must be feeling when customers like me come always in a hurry to get their work done. We do not even feel the need to thank them for being there.
So, I told him, “Sir, you please have your tea. I am not in a hurry.” This man suddenly looked up at me and for the first time we had eye contact. I saw a different person there, who was as hard-pressed for time as I always am.
I saw both of us sailing in the same boat. I felt that he was also missing the small things in life like a hot cup of tea or lying in a warm bed for a few more minutes like me. He gave me a rare smile and said, “It is an everyday affair with me; you are not in a hurry but somebody else will be.”
He really touched my heart with his wise words. I felt that all this time I thought of him as a someone who was there for my convenience, but today I suddenly felt a strange communion with him. I vowed to be friendly with people who help me with my work and be thankful that they are there for me.
6．Which of the following is NOT true of the writer?
A．He works in the bank as a clerk, too. B．He went to the bank to do some business.
C．He was touched by the untouched cup of tea. D．He got annoyed after waiting a few minutes.
7．What can we learn about the bank clerk?
A．He hated to work on a holiday. B．He was under great work pressure.
C．He didn’t like his work in the bank. D．He communicated well with his customers.
8．What can you learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5?
A．He was sometimes in the similar situation. B．They once sailed in the same boat.
C．They expected to sail in the same boat. D．He’s too busy to sail in a boat, too.
9．The writer’s attitude towards the bank clerk might be that of ______ .
A．tolerance B．satisfaction C．sympathy D．gratitude
10．What does the text try to tell us?
A．To be patient with your customers. B．Helping others is helping yourself.
C．To be thankful to those who help you. D．It is our duty to do things for others.

Discover World Heritage (遗产)
Heritage is treasure from the past — what we live with today and what we pass on to future generations. To preserve it, UNESCO safeguards hundreds of natural and cultural World Heritage sites around the world.
Here are 5 World Heritage sites:

Founded, according to legend, by Romulus and Remus in 753 BC, Rome was first the centre of the Roman Republic, then of the Roman Empire, and it became the capital of the Christian world in the 4th century.

Founded in 3,000 B．C．, Damascus is one of the oldest cities in the Middle East. In the Middle Ages, it was the centre of a splendid craft industry, specializing in swords. The city has some 125 monuments from different periods of its history.

Havana was founded in 1519 by the Spanish. By the 17th century, it had become one of the Caribbean’s main centres for ship-building. Although it is today a modern city, its old centre remains an interesting mix of Baroque and neoclassical (新古典主义的) monuments.

Ping Yao, founded in the 14th century, shows the evolution of architectural styles and town planning in Imperial China over five centuries. Of special interest are the splendid buildings associated with banking, for which Ping Yao was the major centre for the whole of China in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

The Rainforests of the Atsinanana are extremely important for keeping ongoing ecological processes necessary for the survival of Madagascar’s unique biodiversity (生物多样性), which reflects the island’s geological history. Having completed its separation from all other land masses more than 60 million years ago, Madagascar’s plant and animal life evolved in isolation (孤立).

11．According to the passage, Rome was ______ .A．a city only found in legend B．founded by a Roman Emperor
C．once the capital of the Christian world D．the first centre of Roman Republic
12．Which of the following was first founded?
A．Rome. B．Pingyao. C．Havana. D．Damascus.
13．What can you learn from the passage?
A．Havana had become a modern city by 1600.
B．Damascus was famous for its ship-building craft.
C．Pingyao was once the major centre for banking in China.
D．Madagascar has many animals from other land.
14．According to the passage, what caused Madagascar’s unique biodiversity?
A．The ongoing ecological process of the island. B．The unique climate of the island.
C．The rare and threatened animals on the island. D．The geological history of the island.
15．What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A．To introduce five natural and cultural World Heritage sites.
B．To discover more natural and cultural World Heritage sites.
C．To preserve the natural and cultural World Heritage sites.
D．To pass on to future generations the natural and cultural World Heritage sites.

A new year brings a new calendar of exhibitions and there are so many fantastic shows to get stuck into. Make seeing more art your new year’s resolution and start filling your diary with these unmissable exhibitions.
Calligraphic Awards
Lanting Xu, written by calligrapher Wang Xizhi in the mid-4th century, is considered one of the greatest pieces of Chinese calligraphy. It thereafter inspired the China Calligraphers Association to launch the China Calligraphy Lanting Awards, the country’s top awards for the creation of calligraphy. An exhibition now at the National Art Museum of China shows such handwritten pieces by 19 artists who have received Lanting's lifetime achievement awards. The exhibition runs until April 27.
9:00 am-5:00 pm, closed on Mondays.
Refocusing on the Medium
Works by 17 trailblazers (先锋) in experimental video art from China, Japan and South Korea are being shown at Refocusing on the Medium: The Rise of East Asia Video Art, a survey exhibition at the Minsheng Art Museum. It is an unprecedented art exploration — how video is reshaping artistic creation since the 1960s. It takes viewers to the past and the frontiers of video art. The exhibition ends on May 8.
10:00 am-5:00 pm, closed on Wednesdays.
Rebuilding Ideals
Yin Zhaoyang is a leading artist of his generation. He has developed a highly personalized approach to landscape painting, exploring the relations between individuals and society, history and the present. Rebuilding Ideals, an exhibition at the Tang Contemporary Art Museum, reviews Yin’s creation and methods of thinking over more than 20 years. The exhibition runs until May 5.
10:00 am-5:00 pm, closed on Fridays.
Reverse Reconstruction
Contemporary artist Yang Mushi is showing installations (设备) made between 2019 and 2022 at his fourth solo exhibition, Reverse Reconstruction, at Galerie Urs Meile. It shows Yang's continuous exploration of the presentations of materials, such as stainless steel, wood and plastics. His works examine the meanings of handwork and mass production that have reshaped people’s way of life. The exhibition runs until May 15.
11:00 am-6:30 pm, closed on Mondays.
16．What is the author’s writing purpose of the passage?
A．To stress the importance of keeping an art diary.
B．To recommend several must-see art exhibitions.
C．To discuss why people should go to exhibitions.
D．To encourage readers to make new year’s resolution.
17．If you want to see Calligraphic Awards, you should try to avoid _________.
A．10:30 am on Sunday
B．11:00 am on Wednesday
C．2:30 pm on Monday
D．4:00 pm on Friday
18．Which of the following is True about Refocusing on the Medium?
A．The exhibition will be in progress until May 8.
B．The exhibition is available throughout the week.
C．The exhibition merely features works by Chinese artists.
D．The exhibition has reshaped artistic creation since 1960s.
19．Where should you go if you are interested in production history?
A．Galerie Urs Meile.
B．Minsheng Art Museum.
C．National Art Museum of China.
D．Tang Contemporary Art Museum.
20．In which section of the newspaper can you most possibly read the passage?
A．Business.
B．Sports.
C．Culture.
D．Nature.

Courage is a highly admired virtue. When asked to describe courage, most people conjure up (脑中浮现) the image of an individual running into a burning building, or maybe a hero saving the world. But there's another form of bravery that's much more important because it comes up more often. It's called moral courage.
Moral courage is the ability that allows us to face our fears and to conquer our darkest fears. It’s the ability to face the future without knowing what is certain. It’s the ability to stand tall and confront those who oppose us, those who prevent us from realizing who we are and what we are. But most importantly, it’s the ability to stand up for what’s right, even though there are risks that stand in your way. Sara Anderson once said that "It takes great courage to faithfully follow what we know to be true."
The potential of showing moral courage has the power of changing the world. It was because of the moral courage that Mahatma Gandhi was able to make India free from British rule. He fought bravely against them without the use of any weapon by presenting great moral courage. In this way, he also became a great example for the people of the whole world. It is not that we remember Gandhi because of his body or beauty. We remember him because of the great ideas and principles of his life.
Moral courage is essential not only for a noble life, but a happy one. Without moral courage, we have no control over our lives. Our fears destroy our spirit and make us trapped in depression. Mark Twain said, “Courage is not the absence of fear but the resistance of fear, the mastery of fear.” If our fears cause us to lose confidence in the power of virtue, we will lose something very precious.
People with moral courage rarely get medals, but it is the best marker of true character and a virtue others can be proud of. We must try to develop the power of moral courage that will surely help in ending injustice and wrong and grant us a better world.
21．What is the main function of Paragraph 1?
A．To make a comparison.
B．To propose a definition.
C．To introduce the subject.
D．To provide the background.
22．In the author’s view, moral courage is not _________.
A．the willingness to face and conquer fears
B．the capacity to stick to what is right
C．the ability to confront opponents
D．the desire to control whoever opposes you
23．What does the example of Mahatma Gandhi tell us?
A．Moral courage can make a difference to the world.
B．Moral courage makes people faithfully follow the truth.
C．Moral courage is essential for leading a happy life.
D．Moral courage restricts great ideas and principles.
24．What can be inferred from Mark Twain’s words?
A．Courage is being brave without any fear.
B．Courage is a spirit to overcome the fear.
C．Having a fear can limit our future lives.
D．Fear can stop us from achieving our goals.
25．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?
A．To end injustice and wrong.
B．To pursue excellent virtues.
C．To strengthen moral courage.
D．To create a better world.


For Mao Zhongwu, who was paralyzed (瘫痪) from the waist down in an accidental fall 16 years ago, sports have opened up a new world. The 37-year-old cross-country “sit-skier” collected one gold and two silver medals at the Beijing Winter Paralympic Games — in men’s middle-distance, men’s sprint (短距离) and men’s long distance, respectively. “It was sports that made me come out of the lowest point in my life and changed me physically, mentally and spiritually,” Mao said.
Born and raised in Dalian, Liaoning province, Mao has been fond of sports since childhood. The accident changed everything. Paralysis ended his functional independence. He had to live under his mother’s care. For a long time, he felt ashamed and was unwilling to go out. In 2017, persuaded by his mother, he started to learn table tennis. Ten days later, he took part in a citywide competition and performed well.
Fan Yi, a coach from the sports department of Dalian’s service center for the disabled, picked Mao and brought him to the wheelchair racing team. Fan recalled that in the beginning Mao didn’t dare to talk with other people. But he gradually became cheerful and confident in training. Three years ago, Mao shifted to train for cross-country skiing. “As an older athlete, he recovers slowly. He persevered through willpower,” Fan said.
Mao said that when he decided to be a professional athlete, he told himself there was no turning back. “I have experienced the bitterness of life, and I know this is a rare opportunity that I must seize,” he said. Everyone’s body has its limits. When he was suffering through the period of tiredness caused by overtraining, he thought he was too old to compete in the Olympics. “But I never gave up. With the support of my team, I stepped toward my goals one by one,” he said. “Although I’m not young now, I will keep training and eye on more gold medals as long as I can.”
26．What can be inferred about Mao Zhongwu from the passage?
A．He was paralyzed at the age of 16.
B．He won the gold medal in men’s sprint.
C．He was grateful for the accident.
D．He found new life in sports after the accident.
27．Why did Mao Zhongwu resist going out according to Paragraph 2?
A．Because he felt embarrassed by his disability.
B．Because he preferred doing sports indoors.
C．Because he couldn’t go out without any assistance.
D．Because he suffered from depression and anxiety.
28．According to Fan Yi, the biggest challenge for Mao Zhongwu was _________.
A．his age
B．his poor mental state
C．the lack of confidence
D．the bitterness of his life
29．Which of the following can best describe Mao Zhongwu?
A．Adventurous and creative.
B．Passionate and sympathetic.
C．Determined and persistent.
D．Intelligent and communicative.
30．What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage?
A．All good things come to an end.
B．Every man is the master of his fate.
C．One shouldn’t miss forest for the trees.
D．One man’s junk is another man’s treasure.

People who grow up outside of cities are better at finding their way around than urbanites, a large study on navigation suggests. The results, described online on March 30 in Nature, hint that learning to handle environmental complexity as a child strengthens mental muscles for spatial skills.
Nearly 400,000 people from 38 countries around the world played a video game called Sea Hero Quest, designed by scientists and game developers as a fun way to collect data about people’s brains. Players piloted a boat in search of various targets.
On average, people who said they had grown up outside of cities, where they would have probably encountered lots of complicated paths, were better at finding the targets than people who were raised in cities.
What’s more, the difference between city residents and outsiders was most obvious in countries where cities tend to have simple layouts (布局), such as Chicago with its streets laid out at 90-degree angles. The simpler the cities, the bigger the advantage for people from more rural areas, cognitive scientist Antoine Coutrot of CNRS and his colleagues report.
Still, from these video game data, scientists can’t definitively say that the childhood environment is behind the differences in navigation. But it’s possible. “As a kid, if you are exposed to a complex environment, you learn to find your way, and you develop the right cognitive processes to do so,” Coutrot says.
Other factors have been linked to navigational performance, including age, gender, education and even a superior sense of smell. Figuring out these details will give doctors a more precise baseline (基准) of a person’s navigational abilities. That, in turn, might help reveal when these skills weaken, as they do in early Alzheimer’s disease, for instance.
31．What does the underlined word “urbanites” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Those who live close to urban areas.
B．Those who are from rural areas.
C．Those who are raised in cities.
D．Those who long for urban life.
32．How did the researchers carry out the study?
A．By playing a game called Sea Hero Quest.
B．By gathering data from the video game.
C．By recording electrical activities in brains.
D．By comparing various targets of the game.
33．What can we learn from Paragraph 3 and 4?
A．City outsiders performed no better than city residents in the study.
B．Cities’ simple layouts gave city residents an advantage in the game.
C．There was no significant difference between city residents and outsiders.
D．The players’ performance had something to do with their earlier experience.
34．Which of the following may Coutrot agree with?
A．Childhood surroundings might affect people’s navigational abilities.
B．Gender and education are key to developing navigational abilities.
C．A superior sense of smell bears no relation to navigational abilities.
D．The study of navigational abilities can help cure Alzheimer’s disease.
35．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．How environment impacts early childhood development
B．Why is early childhood education important for our future
C．When is the best time to obtain your navigational skills
D．Where you grew up may shape your navigational skills

Tired of underpaid jobs and inconvenient hours, three entrepreneurial (富于企业家精神的) McLean teens decided to start their own company.
Their new company, TeenServ aims to solve teenage unemployment with a platform that matches students and community members who need short-term assistance with various tasks Through TeenServ, residents sign up to post jobs they need done. Teens signed up to work can choose to accept a job depending on their schedules and work preferences. Website users can pick up shifts wherever and whenever they want, making it convenient for hectic schedules.
A year ago, Jack Lannin, Quin Frew and Ben Jeannot worked as lifeguards at a local pool. Lanin told Tysons Reporter that they were upset when a pay change “almost cut their salary in half,” and they wanted to find another job but there were few options. Then they came up with the idea for TeenServ. “Aside from getting a real job, refereeing sports or yard work, there isn’t rally a good way to make money,” Lannin said, adding that even becoming a referee requires a significant sat-up cost for teens — around $70 — to pay for training and a uniform.
They started out by going door to door and asking community members if they would pay teens fair wages for short-term yard work. Soon enough,they began gathering opportunities. With help from an entrepreneurship class at McLean High School and feedback from teens, the students were able to turn their idea into a reality. So far, the website has employed more than 200 teens, according to Lannin. TeenServ pays students up to $18 per hour — well above Virginia’s minimum wage of $7.25.
The business is focused on mostly McLean for now, but TeenServ’s owners hope to expand around Fairfax County. That involves building up a base of teen workers before allowing residents to post jobs elsewhere in the county. After all, if residents need time-specific jobs done, they can’t be the ones waiting.
36．What is TeenServ’s goal?
A．To increase the number of teen workers.
B．To help teens decide on their future career.
C．To encourage teens to start their own business.
D．To connect community employers to local teens.
37．What does the underlined word “hectic” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Regular. B．Flexible. C．Traditional. D．Busy.
38．What problem did the three founders come across last year?
A．They failed to find a part-time job.
B．They received a significant pay cut.
C．They obtained little funding for their start-up.
D．They lost a game due to a referee’s unfair decision.
39．What do the three owners plan to do?
A．Create more time-specific jobs.
B．Raise Virginia’s minimum wage.
C．Grow their business outside of McLean.
D．Allow McLean residents to post jobs elsewhere.
40．What does the text focus on?
A．Three entrepreneurial McLean teens and their company TeenServ.
B．The main reasons of teenage unemployment in McLean.
C．The challenges three entrepreneurial McLean teens are facing.
D．The bright future of the platform TeenServ.

Ford has announced it has hired a pair of Boston Dynamics’ Spot robotic dogs. Ford is using the robotic dogs to help it 3D-map its Van Dyke Plant “By having the robots scan our plant, we can see what it actually looks like now and build a new engineering model. That digital model is then used when we need to change the equipment in the plant for new products,” said Mark Goderis, Ford’s digital engineering manager. The automaker named one of them Fluffy. The other is keeping its name Spot assigned to it by Boston Dynamics.
The dogs are used to capture 360-degree images of areas in the plant that are difficult to get to using a traditional 3D camera on a tripod. They’re equipped with five cameras and can climb stairs and kneel down to get into hard-to-reach places. Their four legs allow the robots to walk like a dog, around the plant at speeds of up to 3 mph — so they’re not exactly zippy. Besides, the battery lasts for only two hours.
Mark said that the old way of scanning with a camera on a tripod could take two weeks. Using the robotic dogs cuts that time in half. It also used to cost $300,000 to do it the old way. The robotic dogs are cheaper, but Ford didn’t say by how much.
At present, the metal dogs are followed by their handler, Paula Wiebelhaus, who manages the robotic dogs through a controller with a display that sees what the dogs see. But in the near future Ford wants to be able to program the dogs to go to different parts of the plant and report back what they see without being followed by a human. They can also ask for a ride on the back of a mobile robot that Ford has named Scouter. Like the dogs, it’s also capturing 3D scans of its environment.
41．What can we learn about Ford from Paragraph 1?
A．It uses robotic dogs to build plants.
B．It is the main producer of robotic dogs.
C．It has named one of the two robotic dogs.
D．It will replace its engineers with robotic dogs.
42．What can the robotic dogs do?
A．Go anywhere they want. B．Shoot 360-degree photos.
C．Cary at least 5 cameras. D．Keep working for two days.
43．What does the underlined word “zippy” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Quick-moving. B．Energy-saving. C．Funny-looking. D．Eye-catching.
44．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The advantages of robotic dogs. B．Ford’s new way of saving money.
C．Mark’s interest in high technology. D．The functions of traditional cameras.
45．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Paula operates robotic dogs through voice. B．Scouter works well with the robotic dogs.
C．Ford will buy more robotic dogs soon. D．The robotic dogs need to be improved.

In the 1950s, Japan began to focus on developing is economy. Every day, many people traveled by train between Tokyo and Osaka. Many industrial materials were also transported on those railway lines. But the Japanese railway system was so outdated that the 320-mile trip could take 20 hours. So in 1955 the Japanese railway chief asked the nation’s engineers to create a faster train.
Months later, a team managed to create a train going at a speed of 65mph — a speed that made it one of the fastest passenger trains worldwide at the time. But the railway chief wasn’t satisfied. He wanted 120mph. The engineers immediately explained that at those speeds, if a train turned too sharply, the speed would force the cars off the track.
But the railway chief didn’t change his mind. After making many attempts, the engineers eventually created a train running up to 120mph and had a big influence on the industrial design worldwide. This is an example of what a “stretch goal” (延展性目标) can achieve. When exploring psychology, I was frequently told by researchers that the most successful people tend to set goals differently from everyone else. In particular they tend to identify big, seemingly unrealistic objectives.
“Stretch goals break complacency (自满),” some scientists wrote. “By forcing a big rise in collective hopes, stretch goals can shift attention to possible new futures and perhaps lead to increased energy in the organizations. They thus can achieve more.”
This lesson can be used in the most ordinary aspects of life. Take to-do lists for instance. When making to-do lists, some people often write down tasks they can cross off right away. That’s wrong. Before writing easy tasks, you should first put down at the top of your list a big stretch goal that will constantly remind you of the main objective you’re trying to get done.
46．What does the description of Japan’s problem in the 1950s show?
A．The public’s discontent at its train service.
B．The unfavorable economic situation of Japan.
C．The practical need to improve its railway system.
D．The unbalanced development of its transportation.
47．How did Japanese engineers react to the railway chief’s idea at first?
A．They found it tough but worthwhile.
B．They considered it totally unrealistic.
C．They put forward their own research plan.
D．They believed it would gradually come true.
48．What did the author often hear about when he was studying psychology?
A．How to break down big goals into smaller ones.
B．How to understand “stretch goals” matters.
C．How to create success step by step.
D．How to set goals sets people apart.
49．The author takes the to-do lists for example to ______.
A．encourage people to keep making to-do lists daily
B．indicate we’d better first achieve easy goals
C．prove to-do lists are crucial to organizations
D．show stretch goals can apply to our daily life
50．Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A．A stretch goal can be a double-edged sword.
B．Ambition pushes personal and social progress.
C．Readers need to listen to members’ opinions.
D．Goals should fit in with the reality.
参考答案：
1．C
2．D
3．A
4．C
5．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的数学危机，这是一种儿童和成人都对学习数学感到焦虑的社会现象。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Other feelings caused by maths included fear and anger, while physical symptoms included a racing heart or struggling to catch breath.”（数学引起的其他感觉包括恐惧和愤怒，而身体症状包括心跳加速或呼吸困难）可知，从剑桥大学研究人员的调查中，我们可以得知患有数学焦虑症的儿童在生理和心理上都会受到影响。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句““The project studied students’ attitudes towards maths because of what could be called a maths crisis in the UK,” researchers said. “Many children and adults experience feelings of anxiety, fear or discomfort when they face maths. This may be leading to a low level of maths in the country.””（“该项目研究了学生对数学的态度，因为英国的数学危机，”研究人员说。“许多儿童和成人在面对数学时会感到焦虑、恐惧或不适。这可能会导致该国数学水平低下。”）可知，研究人员研究学生对数学的态度是因为各个年龄段的人都对数学感到焦虑，这引发了一场国家危机。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“The number of adults with functional maths skills equal to a GCSE (英国普通中等教育证书) grade C has dropped from 26% in 2003 to only 22% in 2011, according to the survey. At the same time, only 57% of the children achieved the same level in functional maths skills.”（调查显示，拥有相当于英国普通中等教育证书C级实用数学技能的成年人人数从2003年的26%下降到2011年的22%。与此同时，只有57%的儿童在实用数学技能方面达到了相同的水平）可知，第三段中，作者通过展示“26%”、“22%”和“57%”等相关数据来证明英国可能存在全国性的数学危机。故选A项。
4．细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“In fact, more than 77% of children with high levels of maths anxiety are normal to high achievers.”（事实上，77%以上的数学焦虑程度高的儿童属于正常的高成就儿童）和“Probably their maths anxiety will go unnoticed because their performance is good. But they are very worried and in the long term their performance is limited.”（也许因为他们的表现很好，他们的数学焦虑会被忽视。但他们非常担心，从长远来看，他们的表现是有限的）可知，在第四段中，Denes Szucs博士发现一些成绩优异的学生也患有数学焦虑症。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“John’s Hillman, director of education at the Nuffield Foundation said, “Mathematical achievement is valuable, as a foundation for many other subjects and as an important predictor of future academic learning, job hunting and even health. Maths anxiety can seriously influence students’ performance in both primary and secondary schools.””（纳菲尔德基金会教育主管约翰·希尔曼表示：“数学成绩很有价值，它是许多其他学科的基础，也是未来学术学习、求职甚至健康的重要预测因素。数学焦虑会严重影响中小学学生的表现。”）可知，最后一段介绍了数学学习的重要性及数学焦虑会造成的不良影响，由此可知，接下来的段落可能会回答怎样才能让孩子们对学习数学感到愉快放松的问题。故选B项。
6．A
7．B
8．A
9．D
10．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去银行办事，因为等待开始不耐烦，结果突然看到银行职员的茶放了很久都没有喝。作者突然和对方感同身受，认识到应该感谢那些帮助过我们的人。
6．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I went to the bank to get the bank work out of the way.(我去银行是为了解决银行的工作)”可知，关于作者的说法中，A选项“他也在银行当职员”不正确。故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段中“After waiting for a few more minutes, in which I showed all signs of being impatient, I asked him if my work was done.(我又等了几分钟，在这几分钟里，我表现出了各种不耐烦的迹象。我问他我的工作是否完成了)”以及第三段中“Suddenly I felt what this man must be feeling when customers like me come always in a hurry to get their work done.(当像我这样的客户总是匆匆忙忙地来完成他们的工作时，我突然感觉到这个人是什么感觉)”可知，银行职员承受着巨大的工作压力。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据画线词后文“I felt that he was also missing the small things in life like a hot cup of tea or lying in a warm bed for a few more minutes like me.(我觉得他也在怀念生活中的一些小事，比如一杯热茶，或者像我一样在温暖的床上多躺几分钟)”可推知，作者和银行职员有了同样的感受，说明作者有时也有类似的情况。故画线词的句子告诉我们他有时也有类似的情况。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I vowed to be friendly with people who help me with my work and be thankful that they are there for me.(我发誓要与那些帮助我工作的人友好相处，并感谢他们在我身边)”可推知，作者对银行职员的态度可能是感激之情。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I vowed to be friendly with people who help me with my work and be thankful that they are there for me.(我发誓要与那些帮助我工作的人友好相处，并感谢他们在我身边)”可推知，文章想要告诉我们要感谢那些帮助你的人。故选C。
11．C
12．D
13．C
14．D
15．A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上五处世界自然和文化遗产的情况。
11．细节理解题。根据表格第一部分“Founded, according to legend, by Romulus and Remus in 753 BC, Rome was first the centre of the Roman Republic, then of the Roman Empire, and it became the capital of the Christian world in the 4th century.(据传说，罗马由罗穆卢斯和雷穆斯于公元前753年建立，首先是罗马共和国的中心，然后是罗马帝国，在4世纪成为基督教世界的首都)”可知，罗马曾经是基督教世界的首都。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据表格第一部分中“Founded, according to legend, by Romulus and Remus in 753 BC(据传说，罗马由罗穆卢斯和雷穆斯于公元前753年建立)”；表格第二部分中“Founded in 3,000 B. C. , Damascus is one of the oldest cities in the Middle East.(大马士革建于公元前3000年，是中东最古老的城市之一)”；第三部分中“Havana was founded in 1519 by the Spanish.(哈瓦那于1519年由西班牙人建立)”；第四段部分中“Ping Yao, founded in the 14th century(平遥，始建于14世纪)”可知，大马士革是最早建立的。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第四部分中“Of special interest are the splendid buildings associated with banking, for which Ping Yao was the major centre for the whole of China in the 19th and early 20th centuries.(尤其令人感兴趣的是与银行业有关的壮观建筑，在19世纪和20世纪初，平遥曾是整个中国银行业的主要中心)”可知，平遥曾经是中国银行业的主要中心。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Rainforests of the Atsinanana are extremely important for keeping ongoing ecological processes necessary for the survival of Madagascar’s unique biodiversity (生物多样性), which reflects the island’s geological history.( Atsinanana的热带雨林对保持持续的生态过程至关重要，这对马达加斯加独特的生物多样性的生存至关重要，这反映了该岛的地质历史)”可知，马达加斯加岛的地质历史造成了马达加斯加独特的生物多样性。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段“Heritage is treasure from the past — what we live with today and what we pass on to future generations. To preserve it, UNESCO safeguards hundreds of natural and cultural World Heritage sites around the world.(遗产是来自过去的财富——我们今天生活的东西，以及我们传给后代的东西。为了保护它，联合国教科文组织在世界各地保护了数百处世界自然和文化遗产)”以及第二段“Here are 5 World Heritage sites(以下是5处世界遗产)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍五处世界自然和文化遗产。故选A。
16．B
17．C
18．A
19．A
20．C

【导语】本文是说明文，文章推荐了4个精彩的艺术展览。
16．推理判断题。根据第一段“A new year brings a new calendar of exhibitions and there are so many fantastic shows to get stuck into. Make seeing more art your new year’s resolution and start filling your diary with these unmissable exhibitions.(新的一年带来了新的展览日历，有很多精彩的展览让你沉迷其中。把看更多的艺术作品作为你的新年决心，开始把这些不可错过的展览填进你的日记)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了推荐几个必看的艺术展览。故选B项。
17．推理判断题。根据“Calligraphic Awards”中的“9:00 am-5:00 pm, closed on Mondays (上午九时至下午五时，星期一休息)”可知，Calligraphic Awards营业时间是每天上午9点到下午五点，且周一闭馆，如果你想看Calligraphic Awards，你应该避开周一。故选C项。
18．细节理解题。根据“Refocusing on the Medium”中的“The exhibition ends on May 8 (展览将于5月8日结束)”可知，Refocusing on the Medium展览将持续到5月8日。故选A项。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Contemporary artist Yang Mushi is showing installations (设备) made between 2019 and 2022 at his fourth solo exhibition, Reverse Reconstruction, at Galerie Urs Meile.(当代艺术家杨牧时在他的第四次个展“反向重建”中展出了2019年至2022年期间制作的设备)”和“His works examine the meanings of handwork and mass production that have reshaped people's way of life.(他的作品审视了重塑人们生活方式的手工和大规模生产的意义)”可知，如果你对生产历史感兴趣，你应该去Galerie Urs Meile，故选A项。
20．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A new year brings a new calendar of exhibitions and there are so many fantastic shows to get stuck into. (新的一年带来了新的展览日历，有很多精彩的展览让你沉迷其中)”可知，文章主要是介绍展览，和文化有关，所以最可能在报纸的文化专栏读到这篇文章。故选C项。
21．C
22．D
23．A
24．B
25．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要阐述了什么是道德勇气，以及道德勇气的重要性。
21．推理判断题。根据以第一段“Courage is a highly admired virtue.(勇气是一种备受推崇的美德。)”，和“But there's another form of bravery that's much more important because it comes up more often. It's called moral courage.(但是还有另一种形式的勇敢更重要，因为它出现的频率更高。这叫道德勇气。)”可知，本文重点介绍道德勇气。且下文主要讲述了什么是道德勇气，以及道德勇气的重要性。所以，第一段的主要目的是引出话题，故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Moral courage is the ability that allows us to face our fears and to conquer our darkest fears. It’s the ability to face the future without knowing what is certain. It’s the ability to stand tall and confront those who oppose us, those who prevent us from realizing who we are and what we are. But most importantly, it’s the ability to stand up for what’s right, even though there are risks that stand in your way.( 道德勇气是一种能力，使我们能够面对自己的恐惧，克服最黑暗的恐惧。这是一种在不知道什么是确定的情况下面对未来的能力。这是一种能够挺身而出，直面那些反对我们的人，那些阻止我们认识自己和自己的人的能力。但最重要的是，这是一种坚持什么是正确的能力，即使存在阻碍你前进的风险)”可知，在作者看来，道德勇气不是控制任何反对你的人的欲望，故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段“The potential of showing moral courage has the power of changing the world. It was because of the moral courage that Mahatma Gandhi was able to make India free from British rule.(道德勇气的潜力具有改变世界的力量。正是由于这种道德勇气，圣雄甘地才能够使印度摆脱英国的统治。)”可知，真是由于甘地有道德勇气，才使得印度独立。道德勇气在改变世界中起着重要作用，故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据第四段“Courage is not the absence of fear but the resistance of fear, the mastery of fear.(勇气不是没有恐惧，而是对恐惧的抵抗，对恐惧的掌握。)”可知，勇气是一种克服恐惧的精神，故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据最后一段“We must try to develop the power of moral courage that will surely help in ending injustice and wrong and grant us a better world.(我们必须努力发展道德勇气的力量，这必将有助于结束不公正和错误，给我们一个更美好的世界。)”可知，作者建议我们要增强道德勇气，故选C。
26．D
27．A
28．A
29．C
30．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述中国残奥滑雪运动员毛忠武16岁时因意外跌落而导致下半身瘫痪，是体育让他走出人生低谷，他通过自强不息，从不放弃，在北京冬季残奥会中获得一枚金牌和两枚银牌。
26．推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘It was sports that made me come out of the lowest point in my life and changed me physically, mentally and spiritually,’ Mao said.(‘是体育让我走出人生的低谷，从身体上、心理上和精神上都改变了我，’毛说)”可知，事故发生后，他在体育运动中获得了新生。故选D项。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For a long time, he felt ashamed and was unwilling to go out.(很长一段时间，他感到羞愧，不愿意出去)”可知，因为对自己身体上的残疾感到羞愧，他很长时间不愿意出门。故选A项。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段中“‘As an older athlete, he recovers slowly. He persevered through willpower,’ Fan said.(‘作为一名年纪较大的运动员，他恢复得很慢。他是靠意志力坚持下来的。’范说。)”可知，在教练范毅看来，毛忠武最大的挑战是年龄较大。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He persevered through willpower(他靠意志力坚持下来)”和第四段“But I never gave up. With the support of my team, I stepped toward my goals one by one(但我从未放弃。在我的团队的支持下，我一步一步地朝着我的目标迈进)”以及“Although I’m not young now, I will keep training and eye on more gold medals as long as I can.(虽然我现在已经不年轻了，但只要我能，我还是会继续训练，争取更多的金牌)”可知，毛忠武有决心且坚持不懈。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述中国残奥滑雪运动员毛忠武16岁时因意外跌落而导致下半身瘫痪，是体育让他走出人生低谷，他通过自强不息，从不放弃，在北京冬季残奥会中获得一枚金牌和两枚银牌。故作者通过他的故事想要告诉我们“每个人都是自己命运的主人”。故选B项。
31．C
32．B
33．D
34．A
35．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了儿童时期的成长环境影响着人的导航能力。
31．词义猜测题。根据第一句的than可知作者拿urbanites和people who grow up outside of cities (在城市以外长大的人)对比，所以urbanties（Those who are raised in cities.）指的是城市人。故选C项。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Nearly 400,000 people from 38 countries around the world played a video game called Sea Hero Quest, designed by scientists and game developers as a fun way to collect data about people’s brains（来自世界38个国家的近40万人玩了一款名为‘海洋英雄探索’的视频游戏，该游戏由科学家和游戏开发商设计，是一种收集人类大脑数据的有趣方式。）”可知研究人员是通过收集视频游戏的数据来进行研究的。故选B项。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段“On average, people who said they had grown up outside of cities, where they would have probably encountered lots of complicated paths, were better at finding the targets than people who were raised in cities.（通常，那些说自己在城市以外长大的人，在那里他们可能会遇到许多复杂的道路，比在城市长大的人更善于找到目标。）”可知一个人早期的成长环境影响着他们在游戏中的表现。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据第五段Coutrot所说的“As a kid, if you are exposed to a complex environment, you learn to find your way, and you develop the right cognitive processes to do so（作为一个孩子，如果你接触到一个复杂的环境，你就会学会找到道路，并发展出正确的认知过程。）”可知，Coutrot认为儿童时期的成长环境影响人们的导航能力。故选A项。
35．主旨大意题。本文主要通过对比在城里长大人和在城外长大的人在导航能力方面的差异告诉我们人的成长环境可能影响人的导航能力。所以短文的最佳标题为“你成长的地方可能会影响你的导航能力”。故选D项。
36．D
37．D
38．B
39．C
40．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了三个麦克莱恩的青少年，在厌倦了低薪和上班时间不便利的工作之后，决定创办自己的公司，该公司旨在为社区的青少年提供更多的兼职和就业岗位。
36．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Their new company, Teen Serve aims to solve teenage unemployment with a platform that matches students and community members who need short-term assistance with various tasks Through Teen Serve, residents sign up to post jobs they need done.”（他们的新公司Teen Serve旨在解决青少年失业问题，通过一个平台，为需要短期援助的学生和社区成员匹配各种任务。）可知，Teen Serve的目的是帮助将社区雇主与当地青少年联系起来。故答案选D。
37．词义猜测题。根据前文中的“Their new company, Teen Serve aims to solve teenage unemployment with a platform that matches students and community members who need short-term assistance with various tasks Through Teen Serve, residents sign up to post jobs they need done.”（他们的新公司Teen Serve旨在解决青少年失业问题，通过一个平台，为需要短期援助的学生和社区成员匹配各种任务。）同时根据本句中“Website users can pick up shifts wherever and whenever they want.”（网站用户可以随时随地进行换班），可知，网站用户可以随时随地轮班，为繁忙的日程安排提供便利。D选项“busy”译为“忙碌的”，与划线单词相符，故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段中“A year ago, Jack Lannin, Quin Frew and Ben Jeannot worked as lifeguards at a local pool. Lanin told Tysons Reporter that they were upset when a pay change almost cut their salary in half.”（一年前，杰克·兰宁、奎恩·弗鲁和本·简诺特在当地一家游泳池担任救生员。拉宁告诉泰森记者，他们对薪酬变化“几乎使他们的薪水减半”感到不安），可知，去年他们所遇到的问题是：几乎自己的薪酬减半。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据第五段段首“The business is focused on mostly McLean for now, but Teen Serve’s owners hope to expand around Fairfax County.”（目前，Teen Serve的业务主要集中在麦克莱恩，但其所有者希望在费尔法克斯县扩大业务。）可知，他们的公司业务主要集中在麦克莱恩，但是希望扩大业务至其他地区。故选C。
40．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“Tired of underpaid jobs and inconvenient hours, three entrepreneurial McLean teens decided to start their own company.”（厌倦了低薪工作和不方便的工作时间，麦克莱恩的三个创业青年决定创办自己的公司。）可知文章，通过讲述的是麦克莱恩的三个青年企业家和他们的公司Teen Serve的故事。故选A。
【点睛】阅读理解题的解题方法，首先，宏观浏览，掌握大意。不要困扰在个别词汇的翻译上，偶有生词，走为上计。其次，读懂题干，带着问题再去微观细读。最后，分析句子，慎思明辨。阅读理解题之细节理解解题要注意：1.排除干扰项，突出主题。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关信息，预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将注意力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速浏览，一目十行。发现细节，十目一行，放慢速度，仔细核对比较，直到找到正确答案。
41．C
42．B
43．A
44．A
45．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Ford的机器狗的功能及用途等。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The automaker named one of them Fluffy.(这家汽车制造商将其中一辆车命名为Fluffy。)”可知，福特已经为两只机器狗中的一只命名。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The dogs are used to capture 360-degree images of areas in the plant that are difficult to get to using a traditional 3D camera on a tripod.(这些狗狗被用来捕捉工厂内各个区域的360度图像，而传统的3D相机很难在三脚架上拍摄到这些区域。)”可知，机器狗能拍摄360度的照片。故选B。
43．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Their four legs allow the robots to walk like a dog, around the plant at speeds of up to 3 mph(它们的四条腿可以让机器人像狗一样行走，在工厂周围以每小时3英里的速度行走)”可知，它们移动的速度不是很快，也就是不是很敏捷，因此划线词zippy的意思是“敏捷的”，和quick-moving意思相近，故选A。
44．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Using the robotic dogs cuts that time in half. It also used to cost $300,000 to do it the old way. The robotic dogs are cheaper, but Ford didn’t say by how much.(使用机器狗将时间缩短了一半。以前用老方法也要花30万美元。机器狗更便宜，但福特没有透露具体的价格。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是机器狗的优点，故选A。
45．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But in the near future Ford wants to be able to program the dogs to go to different parts of the plant and report back what they see without being followed by a human. They can also ask for a ride on the back of a mobile robot that Ford has named Scouter. Like the dogs, it’s also capturing 3D scans of its environment.(但在不久的将来，福特希望能够通过编程让狗狗前往工厂的不同区域，并报告它们看到的情况，而不需要人类跟踪。他们还可以乘坐福特命名为Scouter的移动机器人。和狗一样，它也能捕捉周围环境的3D扫描。)”可推断出，机器狗需要被改进，故选D。
46．C
47．B
48．D
49．D
50．B

【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过讲述日本铁路系统发展，并与作者自身学心理学的例子讲述了设定远大目标会推动进步，不断创造新的可能。
46．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第四句话“But the Japanese railway system was so outdated that the 320-mile trip could take 20 hours.（但日本的铁路系统已经过时了，320英里的行程可能需要20个小时。）”以及最后一句话“So in 1955 the Japanese railway chief asked the nation’s engineers to create a faster train.（所以在1955年，日本铁路局局长要求该国的工程师制造更快的火车。）”可知，本段主要描述了日本铁路存在的问题，表明日本急需改进铁路运输系统。故选C项。
47．细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句话“The engineers immediately explained that at those speeds, if a train turned too sharply, the speed would force the cars off the track.（工程师们立即解释说，在这些速度下，如果火车转弯太急，速度会迫使汽车离开轨道。）”可知，工程师们对于高速行驶的想法表示怀疑。B项“他们认为这种想法不现实”更符合题意。故选B项。
48．细节理解题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句话“When exploring psychology, I was frequently told by researchers that the most successful people tend to set goals differently from everyone else.（在探索心理学时，研究人员经常告诉我，最成功的人在往设定的目标与其他人不同。）”可知，作者在研究心理学时经常听到如何设定目标让人与众不同。故选D项。
49．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This lesson can be used in the most ordinary aspects of life. Take to-do lists for instance. When making to-do lists, some people often write down tasks they can cross off right away. That’s wrong. Before writing easy tasks, you should first put down at the top of your list a big stretch goal that will constantly remind you of the main objective you’re trying to get done.”（这个教训可以用在生活中最普通的方方面面。以待办事项清单为例。当制定任务清单时，有些人经常写下他们可以马上划掉的任务。这是错误的。在写下简单的任务之前，你应该先在列表的顶端写下一个大的目标，它会不断提醒你要完成的主要目标）可知，作者以待办事项清单为例，展示了拉伸目标可以应用到我们的日常生活中。故选D项。
50．推理判断题。全文主要通过日本铁路系统发展与作者自身学心理学的例子讲述了设定远大目标会推动进步，不断创造新的可能。B项“远大的抱负会推动个人和社会进步”更符合题意。故选B项。